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Phebe Aherns
A key aim of Services in Kubernetes is that you don't need to modify your existingapplication to use an unfamiliar service discovery mechanism.You can run code in Pods, whether this is a code designed for a cloud-native world, oran older app you've containerized. You use a Service to make that set of Pods availableon the network so that clients can interact with it.
The Gateway API for Kubernetesprovides extra capabilities beyond Ingress and Service. You can add Gateway to your cluster -it is a family of extension APIs, implemented usingCustomResourceDefinitions -and then use these to configure access to network services that are running in your cluster.
If you're able to use Kubernetes APIs for service discovery in your application,you can query the API serverfor matching EndpointSlices. Kubernetes updates the EndpointSlices for a Servicewhenever the set of Pods in a Service changes.
When you create an EndpointSlice object for a Service, you canuse any name for the EndpointSlice. Each EndpointSlice in a namespace must have aunique name. You link an EndpointSlice to a Service by setting thekubernetes.io/service-name labelon that EndpointSlice.
The IP address that you choose must be a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address from within theservice-cluster-ip-range CIDR range that is configured for the API server.If you try to create a Service with an invalid clusterIP address value, the APIserver will return a 422 HTTP status code to indicate that there's a problem.
If you set the type field to NodePort, the Kubernetes control planeallocates a port from a range specified by --service-node-port-range flag (default: 30000-32767).Each node proxies that port (the same port number on every Node) into your Service.Your Service reports the allocated port in its .spec.ports[*].nodePort field.
The policy for assigning ports to NodePort services applies to both the auto-assignment andthe manual assignment scenarios. When a user wants to create a NodePort service thatuses a specific port, the target port may conflict with another port that has already been assigned.
To avoid this problem, the port range for NodePort services is divided into two bands.Dynamic port assignment uses the upper band by default, and it may use the lower band once theupper band has been exhausted. Users can then allocate from the lower band with a lower risk of port collision.
You can set up nodes in your cluster to use a particular IP address for serving node portservices. You might want to do this if each node is connected to multiple networks (for example:one network for application traffic, and another network for traffic between nodes and thecontrol plane).
metadata: name: my-service annotations: networking.gke.io/load-balancer-type: "Internal"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-internal: "true"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/azure-load-balancer-internal: "true"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.kubernetes.io/ibm-load-balancer-cloud-provider-ip-type: "private"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/openstack-internal-load-balancer: "true"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/cce-load-balancer-internal-vpc: "true"metadata: annotations: service.kubernetes.io/qcloud-loadbalancer-internal-subnetid: subnet-xxxxxmetadata: annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/alibaba-cloud-loadbalancer-address-type: "intranet"metadata: name: my-service annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/oci-load-balancer-internal: truetype: ExternalNameServices of type ExternalName map a Service to a DNS name, not to a typical selector such asmy-service or cassandra. You specify these Services with the spec.externalName parameter.
When looking up the host my-service.prod.svc.cluster.local, the cluster DNS Servicereturns a CNAME record with the value my.database.example.com. Accessingmy-service works in the same way as other Services but with the crucialdifference that redirection happens at the DNS level rather than via proxying orforwarding. Should you later decide to move your database into your cluster, youcan start its Pods, add appropriate selectors or endpoints, and change theService's type.
For example, if you have a Service called my-service in a Kubernetesnamespace my-ns, the control plane and the DNS Service acting togethercreate a DNS record for my-service.my-ns. Pods in the my-ns namespaceshould be able to find the service by doing a name lookup for my-service(my-service.my-ns would also work).
Kubernetes also supports DNS SRV (Service) records for named ports. If themy-service.my-ns Service has a port named http with the protocol set toTCP, you can do a DNS SRV query for _http._tcp.my-service.my-ns to discoverthe port number for http, as well as the IP address.
The Department of Justice published revised final regulations implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for title II (State and local government services) and title III (public accommodations and commercial facilities) on September 15, 2010, in the Federal Register. These requirements, or rules, contain updated requirements, including the 2010 Standards for Accessible Design (2010 Standards).
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