[Stahlschlussel Or Key To Steel 2010 Torrent
Melvin Amey
General structural steel, case hardening steel, nitriding steel, free cutting-steel, heat-treatable steel, ball and roller bearing steel, spring steel, steel for superficial hardening, steel for cold extrusion, tough at subzero steel, pressure vessel steel, heat resisting structural steel, fine grained structural steel
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The Key to Steel (Stahlschlssel/Stahlschluessel) cross reference book will help you to decode / decipher steel designations and find equivalent materials worldwide. The 2019 edition includes more than 75,000 standards and steel-brands of approximately 300 steelmakers and suppliers. The presentation is trilingual: English, French, and German.
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General structural steel, case steel, nitriding steel, free cut-steel, heat treatment steel, ball and bearing steel, spring steel, steel for surface hardening, steel for cold extrusion, sub-zero hardening steel, pressure vessel steel, structural steel against hardening fire, fine grained structural steel.
According to DIN EN 10027-2, the European Steel Registration Office is responsible for the allocation and administration of material numbers for steels. This means that it assigns material numbers for steel grades with commercial significance,
In addition to the actual registration tasks, the European Steel Registration Officeis the point of contact for enquiries about past and present steel grades, works brands and non-European steel grades, and provides information about suppliers, their steel grades, their available products and other steel-related information.
The Steel Institute VDEh has the mandate to maintain the European Steel Registration Office, i.e. to ensure that the steel grades registered in Europe are implemented in accordance with the standards and to publish the contents of the STahl-Eisen-Liste on a regular basis.
Since 1949, the Materials Committee of the Steel Institute VDEh has been running the secretariat for the allocation of material numbers and short names for steels; initially on behalf of DIN and since 1992 with the adoption of the German system into the European standardisation system on behalf of the European standardisation CEN/ECISS as European Steel Registration Office. The assumption of the task for Europe was the logical consequence that finally the German material number and short name system was transferred into a European one.
The contents of the Stahl-Eisen-Liste (the Register of European Steels) are presented in the steel database StahlDat SX, which is partly accessible free of charge on a separate homepage at the address www.stahldaten.de
The alloy surcharge is a price component for alloyed stainless steels which is charged in addition to the basic price by steel producers. The alloy surcharge is updated monthly. The alloy surcharge depends on the price development of the alloying elements, the exchange rates and the product type. Thus, a separate alloy surcharge is shown for wire, cold wide strip and the more expensive cold strip (precision strip). Spring steel strip is generally referred to as precision strip. In the case of spring steel strip with the material number 1.4310, a further distinction is made between normal strip and strip with an increased molybdenum content.
When it comes to spring steel, frequently the same questions arise. Therefore we have decided to gather them here and to answer them on the following pages from different perspectives. We do this to the best of our knowledge, however no responsibility is taken for the correctness of this information. If you have suggestions for improvement or further questions, we will be happy to receive them at in...@stahlbecker.de.
We wish you an enjoyable read, yours Stahl-Becker
All carbon spring steels are magnetic. The stainless spring steel with the material-no. 1.4310 is also slightly magnetic, in spite of being stainless. In this case the magnetism is generated by the cold rolling process.
In addition to the corrosion and acid resistance the major difference between the two materials is the way in which the spring properties are achieved: With carbon steels, the designated resilience is achievd by heat treatment, with the stainless alternative through the cold rolling process.
High tensile strengths are frequently used, if the component will undergo only minor mechanical processing and a high strength is required for the employment of the material. If the component still has to be mechanically processed or folded, annealed strips are frequently used and the component is hardened after the processing. If the component is to be of stainless material, the lowest available tensile strength is 1100-1300 N/mm.
Only the european technical standard for stainless spring steel strips indicates the bending radius with which the strip can be bent. Please find the respective table on our page of stainless spring steel strip.
In the european standard EN 10270-3 for stainless wire the minimum bending radius, with which damages to the wire mustn't occur, is defined by the bending test (chapter 6.4.5: wire is bent in a U around a mandrel with a specific diameter):
- 3 to 6,5 mm wire diameter: mandrel diameter >= 2 x wire diameter
- more than 6,5 mm wire diameter: mandrel diameter >= 3 x wire diameter
For carbon-material there is no specification in the codes.
Merely from looking at the material, it is hardly possible to distinguish stainless spring steel from hardened and tempered spring steel strips. Even the test with a magnet is not one hundred per cent reliable, since stainless spring steel is also slightly magnetic because of the cold rolling process. A simple way of finding out the properties of the material is to drip ammoniumcopperchloride on the metal sheet. If a rubiginose spot appears shortly afterwards, it is a carbon quality.
Because of its high tensile strength, spring steel is not predestined to be drilled, but - it is possible. In general cobalt-drills are recommended. You should keep the drilling speed low and use a cooling liquid.
Not necessarily. Stainless spring steel is already "hardened" during the production process. Carbon steels, like for example C75S, exist both as hardened & tempered and as annealed version. The annealed material can be heat treated subsequently to the production of the designated parts.
The tensile strength Rm indicates the limit, at which the steel tears under pressure, thus it's maximum tensile stress. The tensile strength is determined by the tensile test. The tensile strength is denominated with the abbreviation Rm. It is calculated with the quotient of maximum tensile force and the initial diameter of the sample (N/mm). It is the maximum of the stress-strain-curve.
With some materials the yield point (that is the transition from elastic to plastic transformation) cannot be clearly defined. In the area of spring steel this is true for the stainless products. In these cases the strain Rp 0,2% is indicated as an alternative to the yield point. It indicates the stress with which the remaining strain stays at 0,2% after release of the pressure. For this, a parallel is drawn to Hooke's straight line (the Hooke's straight line is the one that depicts the elastic elongation during the tensile test in the stress-strain-diagram) in distance of 0,2% remaining strain. The stress at the point of intersection corresponds to the alternative yield point Rp0,2.
The stress, at which the yielding starts, without having increased the applied stress any further (if the stress even declines again, there is a lower yield point ReL and an upper yield point ReH). The yield point defines the transition from elastic to plastic transformation.
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