Module 10 Vocabulary

[Louella Kammann]

Whenyou have completed the module, be sure to visit part two (below):Secondary Reading Instruction (Part 2): Deepening Middle School Content-Area Learning with Vocabulary and Comprehension Strategies

The IRIS Center Peabody College Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37203 [email protected]. The IRIS Center is funded through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) Grant #H325E220001. The contents of this website do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Project Officer, Sarah Allen.

The Custom Vocab module allows you to create a controlled vocabulary and add it to a specific property in a resource template. When using that template for an item, the property will load with a dropdown limited to the options of the controlled vocabulary, rather than a text entry box.

For example, you may want to create an institution-specific list of locations that correspond to different collections on your campus, or a controlled list of people or places related to your holdings. This can help reduce typos and name variations, and can allow you to offer metadata browsing for more fields.

Note that manually entered terms or URIs do not need to be unique when entered; the module will only retain unique entries when saved. If you are entering identical URIs with different labels, only the final entry will be retained and earlier labels will be ignored.

Once you have created at least one vocabulary, the Custom Vocab tab will display a table of your existing vocabularies. The table displays the Label, the buttons for edit, delete, and display information (ellipsis), and the Owner or creator of the vocabulary.

There is also a button to "Import" a vocabulary using a file, in the top right. Note that importing will add a new listing to the table. If you are attmepting to update an existing vocabulary in your installation, do not use the "Import from file" button. Update the vocabulary from its entry in the table.

Clicking the ellipsis will show you the language of a vocabulary as well as a full listing of its terms. There are two buttons that allow you to "Export" a vocabulary, which can then be shared with other Omeka installations, or to "Update" the existing vocabulary from a file. Note that Items-type vocabularies cannot be exported or imported, as these vocabularies work as Omeka resources and could not replicated on another site.

The default Python prompt of the interactive shell when entering thecode for an indented code block, when within a pair of matching left andright delimiters (parentheses, square brackets, curly braces or triplequotes), or after specifying a decorator.

Annotations of local variables cannot be accessed at runtime, butannotations of global variables, class attributes, and functionsare stored in the __annotations__special attribute of modules, classes, and functions,respectively.

See variable annotation, function annotation, PEP 484and PEP 526, which describe this functionality.Also see Annotations Best Practicesfor best practices on working with annotations.

positional argument: an argument that is not a keyword argument.Positional arguments can appear at the beginning of an argument listand/or be passed as elements of an iterable preceded by *.For example, 3 and 5 are both positional arguments in thefollowing calls:

Arguments are assigned to the named local variables in a function body.See the Calls section for the rules governing this assignment.Syntactically, any expression can be used to represent an argument; theevaluated value is assigned to the local variable.

A function which returns an asynchronous generator iterator. Itlooks like a coroutine function defined with async def exceptthat it contains yield expressions for producing a series ofvalues usable in an async for loop.

This is an asynchronous iterator which when called using the__anext__() method returns an awaitable object which will executethe body of the asynchronous generator function until the nextyield expression.

Each yield temporarily suspends processing, remembering thelocation execution state (including local variables and pendingtry-statements). When the asynchronous generator iterator effectivelyresumes with another awaitable returned by __anext__(), itpicks up where it left off. See PEP 492 and PEP 525.

It is possible to give an object an attribute whose name is not anidentifier as defined by Identifiers and keywords, for example usingsetattr(), if the object allows it.Such an attribute will not be accessible using a dotted expression,and would instead need to be retrieved with getattr().

A file object able to read and writebytes-like objects.Examples of binary files are files opened in binary mode ('rb','wb' or 'rb+'), sys.stdin.buffer,sys.stdout.buffer, and instances ofio.BytesIO and gzip.GzipFile.

Calling Py_INCREF() on the borrowed reference isrecommended to convert it to a strong reference in-place, exceptwhen the object cannot be destroyed before the last usage of the borrowedreference. The Py_NewRef() function can be used to create a newstrong reference.

An object that supports the Buffer Protocol and canexport a C-contiguous buffer. This includes all bytes,bytearray, and array.array objects, as well as manycommon memoryview objects. Bytes-like objects canbe used for various operations that work with binary data; these includecompression, saving to a binary file, and sending over a socket.

A variable which can have different values depending on its context.This is similar to Thread-Local Storage in which each executionthread may have a different value for a variable. However, with contextvariables, there may be several contexts in one execution thread and themain usage for context variables is to keep track of variables inconcurrent asynchronous tasks.See contextvars.

Coroutines are a more generalized form of subroutines. Subroutines areentered at one point and exited at another point. Coroutines can beentered, exited, and resumed at many different points. They can beimplemented with the async def statement. See alsoPEP 492.

A function which returns a coroutine object. A coroutinefunction may be defined with the async def statement,and may contain await, async for, andasync with keywords. These were introducedby PEP 492.

Any object which defines the methods __get__(),__set__(), or __delete__().When a class attribute is a descriptor, its specialbinding behavior is triggered upon attribute lookup. Normally, usinga.b to get, set or delete an attribute looks up the object named b inthe class dictionary for a, but if b is a descriptor, the respectivedescriptor method gets called. Understanding descriptors is a key to adeep understanding of Python because they are the basis for many featuresincluding functions, methods, properties, class methods, static methods,and reference to super classes.

A string literal which appears as the first expression in a class,function or module. While ignored when the suite is executed, it isrecognized by the compiler and put into the __doc__ attributeof the enclosing class, function or module. Since it is available viaintrospection, it is the canonical place for documentation of theobject.

Easier to ask for forgiveness than permission. This common Python codingstyle assumes the existence of valid keys or attributes and catchesexceptions if the assumption proves false. This clean and fast style ischaracterized by the presence of many try and exceptstatements. The technique contrasts with the LBYL stylecommon to many other languages such as C.

A piece of syntax which can be evaluated to some value. In other words,an expression is an accumulation of expression elements like literals,names, attribute access, operators or function calls which all return avalue. In contrast to many other languages, not all language constructsare expressions. There are also statements which cannot be usedas expressions, such as while. Assignments are also statements,not expressions.

An object exposing a file-oriented API (with methods such asread() or write()) to an underlying resource. Dependingon the way it was created, a file object can mediate access to a realon-disk file or to another type of storage or communication device(for example standard input/output, in-memory buffers, sockets, pipes,etc.). File objects are also called file-like objects orstreams.

There are actually three categories of file objects: rawbinary files, bufferedbinary files and text files.Their interfaces are defined in the io module. The canonicalway to create a file object is by using the open() function.

A series of statements which returns some value to a caller. It can alsobe passed zero or more arguments which may be used inthe execution of the body. See also parameter, method,and the Function definitions section.

A future statement, from __future__ import ,directs the compiler to compile the current module using syntax orsemantics that will become standard in a future release of Python.The __future__ module documents the possible values offeature. By importing this module and evaluating its variables,you can see when a new feature was first added to the language andwhen it will (or did) become the default:

The process of freeing memory when it is not used anymore. Pythonperforms garbage collection via reference counting and a cyclic garbagecollector that is able to detect and break reference cycles. Thegarbage collector can be controlled using the gc module.

A function which returns a generator iterator. It looks like anormal function except that it contains yield expressionsfor producing a series of values usable in a for-loop or that can beretrieved one at a time with the next() function.

Each yield temporarily suspends processing, remembering thelocation execution state (including local variables and pendingtry-statements). When the generator iterator resumes, it picks up whereit left off (in contrast to functions which start fresh on everyinvocation).

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