Mathrubhumi Malayalam Calendar 1990 With Stars
Chanelle Glugla
There are many theories regarding the origin of the era, but according to recent scholarship, it commemorated the foundation of Kollam after the liberation of the southern Chera kingdom (known as Venadu) from the Chola dynasty's rule by or with the assistance of the Chera emperor at Kodungallur.[4] The origin of the Kollam Era has been dated to 825 CE, at the end of the three year-long great convention in Kollam held at the behest of the Venadu King Kulasekharan. Scholars from west and east were present in the convention, and the Tamil Kanakku (Calendar) was adopted.
The origin of the Kollam Era has been dated to 825 CE, when the great convention in Kollam was held at the behest of King Kulashekharan. Kollam was an important town in that period, and the Malayalam Era is called 'Kollavarsham'.
Makaram month (middle of January) was the starting of the Kollam Aandu (year). It was similar to the other calendars followed in the Pandya and Chola Kingdoms. The Chera kingdom had two harvests, one in Makaram and the other in Kanni, so the year started in Makaram, the harvesting month. Later, in the 20th century, after Venadu (the Travancore Kingdom) joined the Indian Union, the Calendar was aligned with that of the Sanskrit Calendar to have the Year Starting in Medam (April middle).
The Malayalam months and the Sanskritic Sauramāsa (solar month) are almost the same, raising many doubts that which came first. If you see, Chingam is a month in Kollam Era. Sanskrit also has the solar month, the Simham, and so on. This is unlike the case in Tulu calendar which follow the names of lunar months. The following are the months of the astronomical Malayalam calendar:
Like the months above, there are twenty seven stars starting from Aswati (Ashvinī in Sanskrit) and ending in Revatī. The 365 days of the year are divided into groups of fourteen days called attuvela (ഞറ്റുവല), each one bearing the name of a star.
Vishu (വഷു), celebrated on the first day of Medam, and Onam (ഓണ), celebrated on the star Thiruvonam [t̪iruʋoːɳəm] in the month of Chingam, are two of the major festivals. The first day of Chingam is celebrated as the Kerala New Year, replacing Vishu (വഷു), which was considered the beginning of a year until 825 CE. Vishu is still celebrated as the traditional Malayali New Year, particularly in erstwhile Malabar and South Canara areas, as it is astronomically significant, 'Medam' being the first among the 12 rashis (the zodiac signs corresponding to the 12 months of a solar year).[citation needed]
The Makaravilakku festival is celebrated in the Ayyappa Temple at Sabarimala on the first day of Makaram month. This marks the grand finale of the two-month period to the Sabarimala pilgrimage. The 1st of Makaram marks the winter Solstice (Uttarayanam) and the 1st of Karkaṭakam marks the summer solstice (Dakshinayanam) according to the Malayalam calendar (according to the astronomical calendar, the summer solstice is on 21 June, and the winter solstice on 21 December).[citation needed]
Chaitram 1 (usually coinciding with 20 March) or Medam 1 (mostly coinciding with 14 April, for 2019 it was on 15 April), both in the proximity of the date of the vernal equinox (21 March), mark the beginning of the new year in many traditional Indian calendars such as the Indian national calendar and the Tamil calendar. When the Government of Kerala adopted Kolla Varsham as the regional calendar, the first of Chingam, the month of the festival of Onam, was accepted as the Malayalam New Year instead.[citation needed]
Following is a consolidation of the Malayalam Calendar (a.k.a Manorama Calendar or Malayala Manorama Calendar or Mathrubhumi Calendar) from January 2020 to December 2020 indicating Malayalam Festivals and Malayalam Panchangam.
12 month malayalam months nameis mentioned in the image below along with corresponding english or gregorian calendar months.
Following are the malayalam months in order of their occurence:
The image below depicts the various malayalam month or malayalam months also known as malayalam masam or malayala masam in the order of their occurence in time period:
The Venad dynasty of the Kingdom of Kollam is regarded to have been behind the formation of the Kollavarsham or the Malayalam Era. The new ruler started ruling from Kollam, a south Indian harbour city. He also wished to start a new calendar since, according to him, earlier calendars had some misnomers and incongruencies. As a result he he asked the astronomers of his kingdom, Kollam, to create a new Malayalam Calendar system. Thus, in 825 AD the Malayalam Calendar system was put in place in Kollam and was followed from thereafter.
The months of the Malayalam Calendar are as listed below: However, it is interesting to note that, although the months of the Malayalam Calendar are similar in name to the Sanskrit Calendar, the time periods of those months are different. This is because Sanskrit calendar is Lunar based, while Malayalam Calendar is Solar Based.
It is also interesting to note what the days of the Malayalam Calendars are. They are Njayar, Thinkal, Chowva, Budhan, Vyazham, Velli, Shani corresponding to Sunday-Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (in that order).
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