SPORTS MEDICINE : FOOD DRINK NUTRITION DIET: NUTRITION: CARBOHYDRATES: The Relationship Between Substrate Metabolism, Exercise and Appetite Control: Does Glycogen Availability Influence the Motivation to Eat, Energy Intake or Food Choice?
David P. Dillard
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SPORTS MEDICINE :
FOOD DRINK NUTRITION DIET: NUTRITION: CARBOHYDRATES:
The Relationship Between Substrate Metabolism, Exercise
and Appetite Control:
Does Glycogen Availability Influence the Motivation to Eat,
Energy Intake or Food Choice?
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The Relationship Between Substrate Metabolism, Exercise
and Appetite Control:
Does Glycogen Availability Influence the Motivation to Eat,
Energy Intake or Food Choice?
Hopkins, M
Journal: Sports medicine (Auckland)
ISSN: 0112-1642 Date: 2011
12 month embargo (PDF 246Kb)
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/38504/
Hopkins, Mark, Jeukendrup, Asker, King, Neil A., & Blundell, John E.
(2011) The relationship between substrate metabolism, exercise and
appetite control : does glycogen availability influence the motivation to
eat, energy intake or food choice? Sports Medicine. (In Press)
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Abstract
The way in which metabolic fuels are utilised can alter the expression of
behaviour in the interests of regulating energy balance and fuel
availability. This is consistent with the notion that the regulation of
appetite is a psychobiological process, in which physiological mediators
act as drivers of behaviour. The glycogenostatic theory suggests that
glycogen availability is central in eliciting negative feedback signals to
restore energy homeostasis. Due to its limited storage capacity,
carbohydrate availability is tightly regulated and its restoration is a
high metabolic priority following depletion. It has been proposed that
such depletion may act as a biological cue to stimulate compensatory
energy intake in an effort to restore availability. Due to the increased
energy demand, aerobic exercise may act as a biological cue to trigger
compensatory eating as a result of perturbations to muscle and liver
glycogen stores. However, studies manipulating glycogen availability over
short-term periods (1-3 days) using exercise, diet or both have often
produced equivocal findings. There is limited but growing evidence to
suggest that carbohydrate balance is involved in the short-term regulation
of food intake, with a negative carbohydrate balance having been shown to
predict greater ad libitum feeding. Furthermore, a negative carbohydrate
balance has been shown to be predictive of weight gain. However, further
research is needed to support these findings as the current research in
this area is limited. In addition, the specific neural or hormonal signal
through which carbohydrate availability could regulate energy intake is at
present unknown. Identification of this signal or pathway is imperative if
a casual relationship is to be established. Without this, the possibility
remains that the associations found between carbohydrate balance and food
intake are incidental.
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