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Avery Blaschko
There is growing scientific and policy interest towards transitioning from conventional to sustainable systems to manage stormwater in urban areas. The literature has produced several contributions to prove the (often compound) benefit of nature-based solutions (NBS) and discussed challenges to their implementation. However, an open gap remains regarding NBS maintenance over time and how this might hinder a broad uptake. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of academic and technical documents that reveals five significant barriers linked to maintenance that might constitute an obstacle to the transition from grey to green approaches: importance of local context, unclear management responsibilities, lack of funding and incentives, uncertainty regarding long-term costs and performance, and mixed perceptions about maintenance requirements. The analysis also showed how maintenance is more a governance than a technical challenge, and we argue that this arises from its multi-disciplinary knowledge base, increased system complexity and competing policy imperatives.
This master thesis deals with the optimal initial perturbation problem for a 1D unsteady self-similar ablation flow in an inertial confinement fusion context. The physical modelling consists of the compressible Euler equations with nonlinear heat conduction. The base flow and linear 3D perturbations are computed using a multidomain Chebyshev collocation method. Longitudinal optimal initial perturbations are computed by means of a non-modal analysis method for stationary perturbation evolution operators (Schmid, 2001 & 2007) after transformation of the time-dependent perturbation problem. Results of optimal gain and initial perturbation differ significantly from those produced by a non-stationary direct-adjoint method (Varillon, 2019). This discrepancy is analyzed to be a consequence of a diagonalization failure of the discrete perturbation evolution operator.
The third phase, Develop, was initiated by the design space. Here, the concept development activities started, which subsequently led to the creation of Trangia KRIS in the Deliver-phase. A home preparedness kit comprising a crisis kitchen, Kriskket, a crisis heater, Krisvrmaren and a service proposal, including a disaster page educating potential buyers on the risks of being unprepared. Along with a coffee table book including an info card collection offering user-friendly instructions and emergency preparedness tips.
The project emphasizes the importance of home preparedness, focusing on essential actions such as access to food, clean water, and warmth during crises like power outages or conflicts, rather than relying solely on products for survival.
The digitization of national math exams is an ongoing development that raises interest and concern among math teachers. This change involves a transition from traditional paper-based exams to digital ones, affecting both teachers and students. Research has shown both advantages and challenges of digital exams, including issues related to assessment, availability of technical equipment, and students' technological literacy. Therefore, it is important to understand math teachers' perceptions and experiences of this transition to effectively support them and their students in the new digital environment.
This study aimed to investigate math teachers' perceptions of how the digitization of national math exams in high school will impact the administration of these exams. Through the analysis of interviews, six clear themes related to teachers' perceptions are identified. By applying phenomenography as the theoretical framework, teachers' perspectives and experiences are analyzed and interpreted. The results of the study indicate that math teachers have varied perceptions and expectations regarding the digitization of national math exams. These six themes are presented in the study:
1. Easier grading: Teachers see digitization as a way to reduce grading workload and enable fairer assessments through centralized grading. However, there are concerns about how this centralized grading will be conducted.
2. Aid for students with difficulties: Digitization is expected to benefit students who have difficulty writing by hand or students with other difficulties through clearer presentation and better overview.
6. Worries about significant change: Teachers express general concerns about the major change that digitization of national exams entails, including uncertainty about how they and their students will adapt to this change.
Recent advancements in the fields of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internetof Things have created opportunities to improve the performance, safety, and energyefficiency of building ventilation. This report explores the current state of AI technologiesin building ventilation and indoor air quality management by highlighting applications oftechnologies related to air quality monitoring, control, predictive maintenance, and energyoptimization. The report also examines the ethical and data privacy issues associated withdeploying these technologies and advocates AI integration in building HVAC systems byidentifying future challenges and avenues for research.
To explore the friction between design and grace I conduct practical design experiments, and use theoretical tools from Michel Serres, Patricia MacCormack, Simone Weil, and from critical animal studies. The dissertation operates in the nexus of two emerging design landscapes: design and animals, and design and negation. Through recomposing situations where humans consume other animals (eating, angling and shopping) the experiments seek to populate a growing palette of affirmative nos and nots in design.
The design experiments are fuelled by operative prototypes, multitemporal events in which life and representation, activism and investigation, bleed into each other. Four ahuman operators activate and communicate the experiments. Bully goes fishwatching to capture fish on camera instead of on a hook. Addict attends meat addiction hypnotherapy to stop eating animals. Allergic becomes physically incompatible with consuming animals. Odysseus blocks themselves from buying animal products, petrol and plane tickets through binding pacts.
By working towards more supple human-animal relations, the experiments critically interrogate and enrich key notions of contemporary more-than-human design: entanglement, proximity, hybridity and care. I argue that designers need to develop interdependent disentanglements, attentive hesitations, expressive incompatibilities and careful self-bindings, to be able to oscillate between standing with the other in solidarity and graciously leaving the other be.
Design and Grace tends to a friction at the core of design, that between proposing and imposing. It seeks to provide designers and design researchers with confidence, precision and generative exemplars in envisioning and manifesting vital, effective and beautiful nos and nots.
Collapsible tubes can be employed to study the sound generation mechanism in the human respiratory system. The goals of this work are (a) to determine the airflow characteristics connected to three different collapse states of a physiological tube and (b) to find a relation between the sound power radiated by the tube and its collapse state. The methodology is based on the implementation of computational fluid dynamics simulation on experimentally validated geometries. The flow is characterized by a radical change of behavior before and after the contact of the lumen. The maximum of the sound power radiated corresponds to the post-buckling configuration. The idea of an acoustic tube law is proposed. The presented results are relevant to the study of self-excited oscillations and wheezing sounds in the lungs.
Helical tube bundles are usually used in the steam generator (SG) of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs) as the heat transfer area. The helical tube bundle is composed of multiple-layer helically coiled tubes, which are fixed by multiple sets of supporting structures. There are ideal flow paths separated by different layers of helical tubes. The velocity non-uniformity for different flow paths will affect the heat transfer tube temperature and the outlet steam temperature uniformity of different tube layers. In the shell side of the SG, turbulent cross flow over helical tube bundles are complicated and difficult to predict due to reverse pressure gradient and boundary layer separation. Due to the huge amount of computation resources consumption, there are few numerical simulation studies on the non-uniformity of cross flow over large-volume helical tube bundles.Two cases, namely the flow past a circular cylinder and cross flow over in-line tube bundles, are simulated to validate if Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) model is suitable for simulations of cross flow over helical tube bundles. The simulation results of k-ω SST PANS model are well agree with the average and local experimental data. Therefore, k-ω SST PANS model is used to investigate the influences of the supporting structure and helical diameter on the non-uniformity of cross flow over ideal helical tube bundles. The helix angle of helical tube bundle is neglected. The computational domain consists of 5 rows of helically coiled tubes in the streamwise direction. Periodic boundary conditions are used for the inlet and outlet to reduce the consumption of computing resources.For cross flow over helical tube bundles, there exists significant circumferential and radial velocities, which means there are secondary flows in the plane perpendicular to the streamwise direction. The radial velocity is about 16% of the streamwise velocity. Due to the presence of secondary flow, cross flow over individual tube is inclined, and the inclination direction changes at different circumferential positions. At the same circumferential position, the flow inclination direction is the same along the streamwise direction and radial direction. For helical tube bundles, the ratio of the blocking area to the flow area (blocking area ratio) of the inner, outer and middle flow paths are different. The blocking area ratio of the inner flow path is large, and the blocking area ratio of the outer flow path is small, resulting in non-uniform velocity distribution in different flow paths.Cross flow over helical tube bundles with three helical diameters (inner wall radius Ri is 0.02 m, 0.14 m and 0.26 m, respectively) are simulated. For small helical diameter tube bundle (Ri = 0.02 m), the maximum streamwise velocity non-uniformity is 16.6%. For tube bundles with middle and large helical diameters (Ri = 0.14 m and 0.26 m), the maximum streamwise velocity non-uniformity is 6.7% and 5.8%, respectively. The results show that the flow non-uniformity becomes more obvious for small helical diameter.The supporting structures results in more complex secondary flows. The secondary flows far from the supporting structures are larger than those in the region near the supporting structures. The supporting structures causes the blocking area ratio of inner, outer and middle flow paths vary with the helical diameter, and the blocking area ratio non-uniformity is larger than that without supporting structures. In the presence of supporting structures, the maximum streamwise velocity non-uniformities of small, middle and large helical diameter tube bundles are 22.0%, 8.8% and 6.3%, respectively. The effect of supporting structures on the flow non-uniformity increases as the helical diameter decreases.
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