Butterfly Tongue Movie Download BEST
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When Nationalists take control of the town, they round up known Republicans, including Don Gregorio. As Moncho's father is a Republican, his family fears that he too will be arrested if the Nationalists discover his political leanings. In order to protect themselves, the family goes to the town square to jeer the captured Republicans as they are paraded out of the courthouse and put on a truck. The film ends with Moncho, despite his continued great affection for his friend and teacher, yelling hateful things and throwing rocks at Don Gregorio and the other Republicans, as instructed by his mother, as the truck carries them away, although the last thing Moncho yells are the words for the tongue of a butterfly, espiritrompa (Spanish for "proboscis"), a favorite word taught to him by Don Gregorio, in an attempt to let his dear friend know that he does not truly mean the words he is yelling.
I think I have a form of nature attention deficit disorder because I get so easily distracted by anything in the natural world. In meetings I'm focusing on the sparrows outside my window and and analyzing their flock structure. At restaurants I'm looking at moths flying around lights and trying to identify them. I can't help it, it's what I do. Thus, while sitting on a dock watching the sunrise I noticed a butterfly probing a fairly fresh pile of scat that the morning's inhabitants had left. It sat there for a long time, probing with its long tongue and "dung sipping" (yes, there is a term called "dung sipping" that scientists use, makes for a great insult to other entomologists). Butterflies also can be found sipping carcasses and dead things too (so much for a butterfly's beauty eh?.."corpse sipper" anyone?). Here's a picture of what I observed:
Most people that I meet think that when a butterfly visits a flower that it's using its tongue to sip nectar. This is what happens, but the butterfly's tongue is more like a combination sponge and sippy straw instead of just a straw. Let's start with the correct sciency terms for you to stash for future garden parties.....
Entomologists use the term proboscis (pro-boss-kiss) when referring to insect mouth parts, in this case the butterfly's tongue. With butterflies that sip nectar, or sap, these mouth parts can be broken down into several other parts. Here's a diagram from usyd.edu's entomology course:
The galea (gal-lee-ah) is the curly cue part that you think of when you think of butterflies sipping nectar. It is really composed of two parts or galeae (gal-lee-eye) that are fused together. When a butterfly changes from a plant chewing caterpillar into a butterfly, inside its chrysalis (some call cocoon) its tongue is "unzipped" for tidy storage. When the butterfly emerges the galea then zip together and fuse to form the tongue or proboscis. The proboscis is hollow between the two galea, which creates the sippy straw effect for the butterflies.
There's some awesome science behind how a a butterfly proboscis and how it drinks. Entomologists call nectar/sap suckers "fluid feeders" and they want to know how butterflies feed because understanding this could help us move fluids more easily for surgeries or nano-technology. One study looked at the hydrophobic and hydrophyllic surfaces of the butterfly's tongue. This just means that the outside repels water and the inside moves and draws water and other fluids. For butterflies that drink sap instead of nectar they have the added challenge of trying to slurp up sludge instead of sugar water, which means that their cellular structure needs to repel the sap (so their sippy straw doesn't get stuck) and still conduct the sludge through their sippy straw into their stomach.
Still other researchers have discovered that the sippy straw proboscis of the butterfly isn't as ridged as once thought. The butterfly can change the fluid pressure inside the galea by pumping hemolymph (hee-mo-lim-fa), or the equivalent of insect blood, into the two tubes. Butterflies can also taper the end of the "straw" and even splay the tips to help bring fluids in. You can read more in the Journal of Experimental Biology.
Now, let's go back to the picture of the butterfly drinking. Remember that I mentioned that it was sitting on scat? Well, it's thought that butterflies (especially males) are sucking up salts and nutrients out of dung, along with fluids.
Butterflies can be found drinking water near dried up puddles or even from wet soil. If a butterfly is using its proboscis for "sucking" wouldn't it then get a snoot full of dung, tears, and dirt (sorry scientists, soil)? Think about this for a moment. If the butterfly isn't just sucking fluids then what is it doing?
The mouth part anatomy drawing above is missing something very important, the legulae (lee-goo-lay) which collectively refer to the interlocking hooks inside the tongue and the plated armor outside of the tongue. For this article I'm going to call them inside zipper bits and outside armor (both are hook shaped). Check out the picture below from the paper by Monaenokova and Lehnert .
The outside armor has tightly spaced plates all the way down the tongue until you reach the tip, where the plates are more spread out. You can also see the armor and interlocking parts on the image just below the anatomy diagram. It's a great close-up. This spacing is thought to allow the tongue some flexibility and help fluids go into the tube. The spacing allows for the tongue's surface in between the plates like a sponge absorbing fluids (which explains how butterflies can sponge up water from soil and poo).
The inside zipper bits have hooks that are tightly locked and closely spaced. The cells of these zipper bits are thought to have capillary action that aids in fluid movement. The combination of the spongy spaces and capillary action inside makes the butterfly proboscis more like a combo sponge and sippy straw. You can read more in the journal article by Monaenkova and Lehnert et. al. They created some very clever tests for their research.
A tubular sucking organ, the proboscis enables a butterfly to extract sweet nectar from the flowers it feeds upon, regardless of the shape of the blossom. When not being used, a butterfly's proboscis is rolled up out of the way.
At emergence from the chrysalis, the proboscis is initially formed in two parts, appearing similar to a forked tongue. Almost immediately, two palpi, one on each side of the proboscis, begin working on the dual structure, forming it into a single tube, sometimes 1.5 times the length of the butterfly's body. A few species of butterfly use their proboscises to feed on rotting animal flesh or animal fluids. The harvester butterfly pierces the bodies of wooly aphids with its sharp proboscis and drinks the body fluids, while the Asian vampire moth actually pierces the skin of its animal prey with a strong, sharp proboscis and drinks the blood. Moths have similar tube-like, flexible "tongues". The hawk or Sphinx moths (adults of the hornworms), sometimes mistaken for hummingbirds, are the lepidopterans with the longest proboscises, with lengths up to 35 centimeters (14 inches) reported. Other ephemeral species, such as the luna moth, do not have a proboscis since their lifespan as an adult is very short and they do not feed.
Thus begins his apprenticeship, into life and knowledge. A new friend, Roque, the son of the inn-keeper, tells him all about the passionate love between O'Lis and Carmina, from first-hand experience, since he himself spies on them, in spite of the odd scrape with Carmina's dog whenever he attempts to get a close glimpse of proceedings. Months later, the dog's untimely intervention at a crucial moment brings about its own downfall. In the meantime, the teacher introduces his pupils to many aspects of learning, from nature to academia: the American origin of potatoes, the odd habits of strange birds, or the reason why the tongue of the butterfly is spiral. They also engage in the reading of poetry, out loud, and are made aware of Don Gregorio's uprightness and absolute integrity, having witnessed his refusal to accept gifts bestowed upon him by the regional Cacique, in his endeavour to win special favours for his son.
With the advent of spring, Don Gregorio takes the class out into the open countryside. He reckons that the direct observation of nature can teach his students much more than hours in the classroom. But this doesn't mean he discards the possibility of using the most modern, technical elements available in order to fill certain gaps in their education. Hence his promise to his enthused students to make full use of the much touted microscope from The Ministry of Education; when it eventually arrives. It will allow them to observe the most minute details as well as the tiniest organs of the insects, such as the tongue of the butterfly. As well, Don Gregorio lends Moncho his personal copy of Treasure Island. He has a special liking for the boy. The boy, in turn, is no less fascinated by his teacher.
I also have found that many preschoolers have a hard time understanding how to make the butterfly position. And children with lower cognitive skills have difficulty, too. And some regular old clients have difficulty, too. So I have things I teach them to do at home, and I have other things I do in therapy.
Andrés, Moncho's 15-year-old brother, is making little progress in his attempt to learn the saxophone. But after falling for a mute Chinese girl in a neighbouring village, he becomes a virtuoso on the instrument. On a trip to the country, Don Gregorio explains the complexity and beauty of the butterfly's tongue to his pupils. This idyllic time is interrupted by the outbreak of the Spanish civil war in July, 1936. Moncho's devout mother makes her socialist husband renege on his principles. As the leftist Don Gregorio is led away to execution, Moncho and his family, fearful for their own safety, shout insults at him.
Evolving together over time, the moth and the star orchid have influenced each other's biology in a unique but still one-sided pollinator and plant co-evolutionary relationship. The tongue of the moth increased in length in step with the long nectar tube of the orchid until, eventually, the orchid became wholly reliant on the pollination services of the moths. The moths, however, are still able to pollinate other plants which also have long nectar tubes.
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