Ubunto Boot For Mac Files
Reyna Boyenga
If I want to start the boot process, what file do I point to? I have Ubuntu 11.10 installed on a separate disk from openSuse 12.1 and windows 7. When I installed Ubuntu, I had to reinstall the OpenSuse to boot it and windows. Using OpenSuse boot loader, I can't seem to get the boot menu configured to start Ubuntu. I understand my problem is with the OpenSuse boot loader not being configured correctly. As a newbie I don't really understand the boot process of a linux system.
OpenSuse uses the Grub BootLoader. (A Boot Loader is a program that the BIOS looks for when the computer turns on, it is always located in the first 446 bytes of the hard drive). Grub then makes the filesystems of Ubuntu, OpenSuse, and Windows 7 available and looks to a file called /boot/grub/grub.cfg which tells it what operating systems are on the computer and how to boot them.
The insmod part_msdos line tells grub to learn how to read MBR partition tablesThe insmod ext2 line tells grub to learn how to read ext2/3/4 filesystems
The set root='(hd0,msdos1)' line tells grub that /boot is located on HDD #0, Partition 1The search ... line tells grub to look at Ubuntu's partition for files
The linux /vmlinuz-3.... line tells grub that the Ubuntu Kernel is named that, on /dev/sda2
The initrd ... line tells grub where to look for the boot image.
try looking up your motherboards name and finding which key is used to enter its BIOS when it starts up. (most likely f2, although i cant say because i dont know the motherboard model just the brand) turn your pc all the way off, turn it back on, when the dell logo appears try tapping f2 repeatedly. Once you get into your bios, navigate to the boot order and change windows to be higher than ubuntu.
Have a 3 disk RAID 1 array of my os drives, ubuntu 20.04, software RAID. I had to shut the server down temporarily to install a new PCI card, went to boot it back up and the OS said no boot device found.
So I pulled the drives, plugged into another PC and ran examine on mdadm. It said the RAID was still active, only thing I can figure is I had a drive failure a week ago and replaced the drive, I think this drive replaced was the only drive that had the boot setup on it. I did it live, so never noticed until now.
So I ran mdadm --stop /dev/md125, then ran mdadm --assemble --readonly /dev/md125 /dev/sdc4 --run, it said active and all good. I did this for all 3 partitions on this drive, they all mounted fine, files are there.
I understand that by doing this it probably won't reconnect to the other 3 drives and resync, that's fine, I just want to get it to boot so I don't have to rebuild the whole system. I have backups, but it's the time it'll take. That being said, this is the second time this has happened to me, so what do I do to prevent this in the future and copy so it boots?
No errors, so in another PC I rebooted and selected this drive to boot from via a USB converter cable. Drive boots! So I took it back to my server, won't boot. The server is an HP DL385 G5, booted fine before this. It sees the drive in its boot sequence, the controller card prints out the drive in boot sequence. I also ran diagnostics through its BIOS and drive diagnostics says it found a bootable drive.
I accidentally overwrote the /boot filesystem on a running Ubuntu host where the root fs and swap are LVs, and the kernel, initramfs, etc. are under /boot with grub modules and config under /boot/grub.
If you have not destroyed the filesystem metadata, even after a reboot you can go in and use a Linux rescue mode boot to get to the information. Your process looks ok but I can provide no guarantees, have you compared the contents of your resulting /boot file with another running system? That might be interesting to be sure you have everything.
Below is the contents of Windows installation flash drive as viewed in the Finder application. The AutoUnattend.xml file and both the $WinPEDriver$ and BootCamp folders came from the Windows Support Software downloaded from Apple for an iMac (21.5-inch, Late 2013). The remaining files and folders were from the Win10_1909_English_x64.iso file downloaded from Microsoft.
Note: If the Mac boots back to macOS before the installation of Windows completes, open the Startup Disk pane of the System Preferences application. After unlocking, highlight the icon labeled Windows and then click on the Restart button. The installation of Windows should proceed.
Temporarily rename the folders containing the Windows EFI boot files. This is done so certain files will not be overwritten when Ubuntu installs. Also, this will prevent Windows being added to the GRUB boot menu. Enter the following commands to rename the folders
When Ubuntu finishes installing, the Mac will need to be restarted. If asked to remove the installation medium, then do so. When the Mac restarts, immediately hold down the option key until the Startup Manager icons appears. Next, hold down the control key while selecting the EFI Boot label under the internal drive icon. The Mac should boot Ubuntu.
From the Ubuntu desktop, press the control+option+T key combination to open a terminal window. Enter the following commands to move the Ubuntu EFI boot files to the new EFI partition and restore the Windows boot folder names.
This lengthy thread discusses how and why Canonical stopped publishing the netboot files for Ubuntu. Some folks are rather frustrated that Canonical stopped supporting a traditional netboot for server installs.
We currently have about 1500 Ubuntu desktop/laptop computers, which need to be installed over the network. We have been using the netboot kernel and initrd from mini.iso to boot our computers to debian-installer which hands off the configuration to puppet at the end of the installation process. The mini.iso is somewhat reasonably sized at about 74MB.
Are we screwed, or will there be mini.iso for Jammy Jellyfish?
Should we move to Debian instead (and try to deal with their lack on non-free firmware during PXE /UEFI netboot) or does Canonical support organisations with massive amounts of Desktops and Laptops?
There are a lot of MSPs/data-centers that have preseeds in place already, and we have gotten around every release by just updating bits and pieces. Some companies even have more complex setups that generate the preseed files on the fly.
Pretty straight forward. With this setup, I would be able to PoC a workable solution. pfSense supports the network booting options necessary to pass on the next server, default BIOS file (pxelinux.0) and UEFI64bit file (bootx64.efi).
Something else that I may try is to enable the DHCP server on the TFTP/HTTP server (and disable it on my pfSense firewall). There is mention of possibly needing to specify option arch code 93 = unsigned integer 16; in the dhcp scope. My understanding is that Option 93 would carry the architecture type (BIOS, UEFI, etc.) and is needed to help the logic of the DHCP if statements to determine which boot file to serve (pxelinux.0 or bootx64.efi).
As a next step, I investigated the other files available in the home directory. I noticed that a /.bash_profile file exists (which would have taken precedence over the other files). At some point, I must have followed a set of instructions to install some software and mistakenly created a .bash_profile file instead of putting it into the /.bashrc file, as there was only one line (which was also present in my /.bashrc file).
We will give an instruction with step-by-step screenshots to show how to install VirtualBox with an example of installing Ubuntu OS as a guest machine. We also explain how to share files between the host and guest operating systems.
The memory size depends on your host machine memory size. In my case, I have 12GB physical RAM. I like to allocate as much as possible for Ubuntu but leave some for my Windows host machine. I pick 8192 MB for my Ubuntu. Note that VirtualBox will create a swap partition with the same amount space as base memeory you have entered here. So later when you are selecting the size of the virtual hard drive, make sure it is large enough since the hard drive will be splitted into root (/)and swap partitions. The root partition contains by default all your system files, program settings and documents.
Type the following line in the Terminal to add a user to 'vboxsf' group. This step is necessary in order to use the VB's 'Shared Folder' feature.sudo adduser brb vboxsfReplace 'brb' with your account name in Ubuntu.When you are done, restart the Ubuntu guest machine and go to /media/ directory. From Nautilus (file manager in Ubuntu), click Computer > File System > Media folder and inside it you will see a folder beginning with sf_ (the folder name is sf_Downloads in our example). Now you can transfer files between the Ubuntu guest machine and the Windows host machine in Nautilus.
The canonical address for this drive is: /dev/nvme1n1p1,2,3,4 . The /dev (device) folder, while not listed in this output, is important to reference, as the full path is required for mounting a partition. Typically one would only mount a single partition at a time, but you could conceivably chain them in a single command by using curly braces, as shown. This is not common, as you will probably need to mount different partitions in different locations (e.g. /mnt, /mnt/boot), and usually either in descending order, or with no pattern at all.
One last quick thing you can do before rebooting is check out efibootmgr and see which order your system will start up in. This is a little easier and more predictable, as you can make sure you boot from the right efi file, rather than mashing the startup menu button to make sure it loads the correct disk / efi.
On Ubuntu and other modern Linux distributions, all the files required to boot your computer is kept on different partition, called the Boot partition. The Boot partition is usually about 512MB or 256MB in size.
The Boot partition is mounted on a specific directory /boot. The GRUB bootloader configuration files, modules and other assets are kept in the /boot/grub2 directory. The GRUB configuration file can be found at /boot/grub2/grub.cfg. This file defines how GRUB boots into different operating systems and what kernels to use and many more.
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