King's Speech II: Due Monday, April 23 at 11:59 p.m.
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Mr. Simon
Apr 12, 2012, 6:32:07 AM4/12/12
to Sperry AP Psych
Let's now take the Freudian approach to personality! You are now
going to analyze one of the following points/issues in Bertie's
life.
Select ONE of these ISSUES (if more than 5 people have replied to 1,
go to another!)
1) The Cause of Bertie's speech impediment.
2) His relationship with Logue
3) His anger/emotional stability
4) His perception of self
5) His treatment/progress with Logue
THEN, analyze how each psychologist would analyze Bertie from their
own research regarding your focused ISSUE.
-Karen Horney
-Carl Jung
-Alfred Adler
-Erich Fromm
-Erik Erikson
going to analyze one of the following points/issues in Bertie's
life.
Select ONE of these ISSUES (if more than 5 people have replied to 1,
go to another!)
1) The Cause of Bertie's speech impediment.
2) His relationship with Logue
3) His anger/emotional stability
4) His perception of self
5) His treatment/progress with Logue
THEN, analyze how each psychologist would analyze Bertie from their
own research regarding your focused ISSUE.
-Karen Horney
-Carl Jung
-Alfred Adler
-Erich Fromm
-Erik Erikson
Michael Rolincik
Apr 13, 2012, 12:36:07 PM4/13/12
to Sperry AP Psych
His anger/emotional stability:
Karen Horney: Horney's ten needs are based on what she believed a
person needs to be successful in life. Bertie's needs in the
"aggression" category. His need for personal admiration and his need
for personal achievement are not met. In addition, in the
"compliance" category, his need for affection and approval are not
met.
Carl Jung: Jung describes individuation is the process in which the
unconscious integrates into the conscious. This process causes the
individual to be more mature and responsible. Bertie's mind has most
likely not introduced his repressed memories of his unconscious, which
might contribute to his bad temper.
Alfred Adler: Adler believes that if people deal with their problems
using defense mechanisms, they will develop an inferiority complex.
Bertie used the defense mechanism of somatization in response to his
brother's teasing, which he redirected into himself. This manifested
itself as a speech impediment and because he dealt with his problems
in his, way he developed an inferiority complex.
Erich Fromm: Fromm constructed the eight basic needs, which are:
relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, sense of identity, frame of
orientation, excitation and stimulation, unity, and effectiveness.
Bertie's need for sense of identity and unity are not met. He has no
sense of identity because he is part of the royal family which
overshadows any possible identity he could have established for
himself. He also does not meet his need for unity because he is
disconnected from the world outside of the royal family.
Erik Erikson: Erikson's theory of personality is broken down into
eight stages which span a person's entire life. Bertie revealed that,
he was born left handed and he was forced to be right handed, and that
he was bow-legged and had painful braces in order to straighten them.
This was most likely during the fifth stage, "identity vs. role
confusion." People were making Bertie change who he was, which caused
him confusion as to who he should be, as well as frustration because
he didn't know why they were making him change. This frustration
could be a factor in his angry disposition.
Karen Horney: Horney's ten needs are based on what she believed a
person needs to be successful in life. Bertie's needs in the
"aggression" category. His need for personal admiration and his need
for personal achievement are not met. In addition, in the
"compliance" category, his need for affection and approval are not
met.
Carl Jung: Jung describes individuation is the process in which the
unconscious integrates into the conscious. This process causes the
individual to be more mature and responsible. Bertie's mind has most
likely not introduced his repressed memories of his unconscious, which
might contribute to his bad temper.
Alfred Adler: Adler believes that if people deal with their problems
using defense mechanisms, they will develop an inferiority complex.
Bertie used the defense mechanism of somatization in response to his
brother's teasing, which he redirected into himself. This manifested
itself as a speech impediment and because he dealt with his problems
in his, way he developed an inferiority complex.
Erich Fromm: Fromm constructed the eight basic needs, which are:
relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, sense of identity, frame of
orientation, excitation and stimulation, unity, and effectiveness.
Bertie's need for sense of identity and unity are not met. He has no
sense of identity because he is part of the royal family which
overshadows any possible identity he could have established for
himself. He also does not meet his need for unity because he is
disconnected from the world outside of the royal family.
Erik Erikson: Erikson's theory of personality is broken down into
eight stages which span a person's entire life. Bertie revealed that,
he was born left handed and he was forced to be right handed, and that
he was bow-legged and had painful braces in order to straighten them.
This was most likely during the fifth stage, "identity vs. role
confusion." People were making Bertie change who he was, which caused
him confusion as to who he should be, as well as frustration because
he didn't know why they were making him change. This frustration
could be a factor in his angry disposition.
Lucy
Apr 14, 2012, 9:55:18 PM4/14/12
to Sperry AP Psych
Bertie’s relationship with Logue:
1. Horney identifies three broad categories of needs in the neurotic
individual: compliance, aggression, and detachment: all can be
identified throughout the course of Bertie’s relationship with Lionel.
When introduced, Bertie is extremely formal, hesitant to foster a
personal relationship alongside the professional one developing out of
necessity. Bertie struggles with vulnerability; due to his impediment,
and to the way in which the adults in his life proved untrustworthy,
he is extremely unwilling to appear in need of support. This need for
self-sufficiency contrasts with his desire for affection and approval,
from both the public, and from Bertie himself. On a lower level but
still present is his aggressive impulse, to demonstrate dominance over
Bertie as a royal, and his underlying desire to be king. These three
needs inherently clash, creating inner conflict.
2. Within the definitions of Carl Jung’s individuation, Bertie’s
relationship with Lionel is valuable in that it facilitates the
integration of his personal and collective unconscious. Although
Bertie has certainly already developed a cohesive personality, Lionel
guides him towards a better understanding of his stammer, the roots it
has in the events of his childhood, and what it means to be king of a
nation. With Lionel’s help, Bertie begins to reinterpret this
archetype and his role, as not a political figure, but a social one,
meant to boost morale and unify his people. Reaching this
understanding, Bertie recognizes the importance of overcoming his
impediment, returning to Lionel, reaching his full potential, and
fulfilling his own goals.
3. Alfred Adler hypothesizes that one develops an inferiority complex
as a result of substituting defense mechanisms for the true
confrontation of one’s conflicts. Bertie projects his own failings as
a public figure onto Bertie, accusing him of fraud and inadequacy as a
doctor, as well as labeling him as treasonous, when, in fact, it is
clear that Bertie himself has entertained similar questions as to his
potential as royalty. By directing his aggression and rage during his
earlier sessions towards Lionel, Bertie is displacing his inwardly-
directed anger: he finds it easier to attack an external force than
cope with his body’s failings. As a result, he fuels his inferiority
complex. He believes himself inferior to his brother, his father, and
quite possibly, men such as Lionel, envying any man who seems to be
secure in his own being.
4. By fostering his relationship with Lionel, Bertie is able to meet
one of Erich Fromm’s most significant basic needs: the need for
relatedness. Due to his impediment, Bertie finds it difficult to trust
and care for others, excepting his wife and children. Lionel’s
insistence on developing a deep, personal bond, of equality and mutual
respect forces Bertie to extend his small circle of those whom he
trusts. It could be argued that the friendship, equally or more so
than the work done, was the greatest factor in his success.
5. While Bertie seems to have developed generativity, according to
Erik Erikson’s theory, (apparent in his care for his two daughters,
and desire to lead the nation,) it appears that his stammer made it
difficult for him to achieve intimacy, excepting his relationship with
his wife. As far as can be told, Bertie has no close friends, and as a
result continues to feel isolated, causing him to both lash out and
withdraw sporadically. Through his professional relationship with
Logue, Bertie is presented with an opportunity to rectify his partial
failings in this stage. By fostering this friendship, Bertie is more
likely to reach integrity in his old age.
1. Horney identifies three broad categories of needs in the neurotic
individual: compliance, aggression, and detachment: all can be
identified throughout the course of Bertie’s relationship with Lionel.
When introduced, Bertie is extremely formal, hesitant to foster a
personal relationship alongside the professional one developing out of
necessity. Bertie struggles with vulnerability; due to his impediment,
and to the way in which the adults in his life proved untrustworthy,
he is extremely unwilling to appear in need of support. This need for
self-sufficiency contrasts with his desire for affection and approval,
from both the public, and from Bertie himself. On a lower level but
still present is his aggressive impulse, to demonstrate dominance over
Bertie as a royal, and his underlying desire to be king. These three
needs inherently clash, creating inner conflict.
2. Within the definitions of Carl Jung’s individuation, Bertie’s
relationship with Lionel is valuable in that it facilitates the
integration of his personal and collective unconscious. Although
Bertie has certainly already developed a cohesive personality, Lionel
guides him towards a better understanding of his stammer, the roots it
has in the events of his childhood, and what it means to be king of a
nation. With Lionel’s help, Bertie begins to reinterpret this
archetype and his role, as not a political figure, but a social one,
meant to boost morale and unify his people. Reaching this
understanding, Bertie recognizes the importance of overcoming his
impediment, returning to Lionel, reaching his full potential, and
fulfilling his own goals.
3. Alfred Adler hypothesizes that one develops an inferiority complex
as a result of substituting defense mechanisms for the true
confrontation of one’s conflicts. Bertie projects his own failings as
a public figure onto Bertie, accusing him of fraud and inadequacy as a
doctor, as well as labeling him as treasonous, when, in fact, it is
clear that Bertie himself has entertained similar questions as to his
potential as royalty. By directing his aggression and rage during his
earlier sessions towards Lionel, Bertie is displacing his inwardly-
directed anger: he finds it easier to attack an external force than
cope with his body’s failings. As a result, he fuels his inferiority
complex. He believes himself inferior to his brother, his father, and
quite possibly, men such as Lionel, envying any man who seems to be
secure in his own being.
4. By fostering his relationship with Lionel, Bertie is able to meet
one of Erich Fromm’s most significant basic needs: the need for
relatedness. Due to his impediment, Bertie finds it difficult to trust
and care for others, excepting his wife and children. Lionel’s
insistence on developing a deep, personal bond, of equality and mutual
respect forces Bertie to extend his small circle of those whom he
trusts. It could be argued that the friendship, equally or more so
than the work done, was the greatest factor in his success.
5. While Bertie seems to have developed generativity, according to
Erik Erikson’s theory, (apparent in his care for his two daughters,
and desire to lead the nation,) it appears that his stammer made it
difficult for him to achieve intimacy, excepting his relationship with
his wife. As far as can be told, Bertie has no close friends, and as a
result continues to feel isolated, causing him to both lash out and
withdraw sporadically. Through his professional relationship with
Logue, Bertie is presented with an opportunity to rectify his partial
failings in this stage. By fostering this friendship, Bertie is more
likely to reach integrity in his old age.
Tess Harrington
Apr 15, 2012, 3:51:40 PM4/15/12
to Sperry AP Psych
His Relationship with Logue:
Karen Horney: Overall, Karen Horney believes that basic anxiety leads
to some frantic pursuit of various goals. This pursuit is to relieve
this anxiety noted above. One goal, Horney mentions, is to withdraw
from any genuine emotional involvements. This can be seen in Bertie’s
relationship with Logue. The beginning of their relationship is
characterized by a seemingly condescending Bertie, never letting Logue
forget his status. However, as we see at the end of the film, Bertie
and Logue become great friends. Horney could have predicted this,
because these goals and efforts to relieve anxiety (Bertie withdrawing
from emotional involvements) eventually does fail (yet she also notes
that these efforts have an affect on our overarching personalities).
Carl Jung: Carl Jung’s idea of archetypes, stories and images that
constitute one’s collective unconscious, play a role in Bertie’s
relationship with Logue. Jung also describes the archetypes as
underlying motives in everyone. With the help of Logue, Bertie was
able to achieve a better understanding of his archetype, or, in other
words, not feel so alienated or feel that he was suffering alone. With
the help of Logue, Bertie was able to conquer his speech impediment by
finding a reasonable solution (like saying “a peoples” instead of
“peoples”) because he understood he did not have to solve his problem
alone.
Alfred Adler: Adler believed that a well-adjusted life requires
involvement in one’s social community, as opposed to just psychic
harmony. In addition he believes that if we don’t accept and deal with
our conflicts (like using only defense mechanisms) we develop an
inferiority complex. Cleary, this is what Bertie suffered from before
he was introduced to Logue. But Logue made him addresses his problems,
and fix them instead of accepting defeat. Ultimately, Lionel helped
Bertie get rid of the inferiority complex that he had created.
Erich Fromm: Out of Bertie’s eight basic needs (relatedness,
helped Bertie with his sense of identity and his effectiveness. Lionel
helping Bertie with his sense of identity is shown when Lionel
convinces Bertie that “he is his own man.” But most importantly,
Lionel helped Bertie with his effectiveness. Clearly, a speech
impediment is detrimental to one’s effectiveness, for Bertie felt that
with his speech impediment he would not be able to accomplish anything
as king. But shown through his wartime speech at the end, by giving
his nation a sense of security, clearly he would be an effective king.
Erik Erikson: Erikson believes that identity formation is for the most
part unconscious. However, Erikson notes that when inner emotions are
mixed with outer circumstances, they combine to create an “identity-
consciousness,” when one is trying to change their identity. This was
the case with Bertie’s relationship with himself, and with Logue.
Bertie made an effort to become less condescending and more trusting
with Lionel. In addition, Bertie, with the help of Logue, changed the
way the nation thought of him. He changed his national identity from
being a “stuttering fool” to a “symbol of security.”
Karen Horney: Overall, Karen Horney believes that basic anxiety leads
to some frantic pursuit of various goals. This pursuit is to relieve
this anxiety noted above. One goal, Horney mentions, is to withdraw
from any genuine emotional involvements. This can be seen in Bertie’s
relationship with Logue. The beginning of their relationship is
characterized by a seemingly condescending Bertie, never letting Logue
forget his status. However, as we see at the end of the film, Bertie
and Logue become great friends. Horney could have predicted this,
because these goals and efforts to relieve anxiety (Bertie withdrawing
from emotional involvements) eventually does fail (yet she also notes
that these efforts have an affect on our overarching personalities).
Carl Jung: Carl Jung’s idea of archetypes, stories and images that
constitute one’s collective unconscious, play a role in Bertie’s
relationship with Logue. Jung also describes the archetypes as
underlying motives in everyone. With the help of Logue, Bertie was
able to achieve a better understanding of his archetype, or, in other
words, not feel so alienated or feel that he was suffering alone. With
the help of Logue, Bertie was able to conquer his speech impediment by
finding a reasonable solution (like saying “a peoples” instead of
“peoples”) because he understood he did not have to solve his problem
alone.
Alfred Adler: Adler believed that a well-adjusted life requires
involvement in one’s social community, as opposed to just psychic
harmony. In addition he believes that if we don’t accept and deal with
our conflicts (like using only defense mechanisms) we develop an
inferiority complex. Cleary, this is what Bertie suffered from before
he was introduced to Logue. But Logue made him addresses his problems,
and fix them instead of accepting defeat. Ultimately, Lionel helped
Bertie get rid of the inferiority complex that he had created.
Erich Fromm: Out of Bertie’s eight basic needs (relatedness,
transcendence, rootedness, sense of identity, frame of orientation,
excitation and stimulation, unity, and effectiveness) Lionel Logue
helped Bertie with his sense of identity and his effectiveness. Lionel
helping Bertie with his sense of identity is shown when Lionel
convinces Bertie that “he is his own man.” But most importantly,
Lionel helped Bertie with his effectiveness. Clearly, a speech
impediment is detrimental to one’s effectiveness, for Bertie felt that
with his speech impediment he would not be able to accomplish anything
as king. But shown through his wartime speech at the end, by giving
his nation a sense of security, clearly he would be an effective king.
Erik Erikson: Erikson believes that identity formation is for the most
part unconscious. However, Erikson notes that when inner emotions are
mixed with outer circumstances, they combine to create an “identity-
consciousness,” when one is trying to change their identity. This was
the case with Bertie’s relationship with himself, and with Logue.
Bertie made an effort to become less condescending and more trusting
with Lionel. In addition, Bertie, with the help of Logue, changed the
way the nation thought of him. He changed his national identity from
being a “stuttering fool” to a “symbol of security.”
Abi Cooper
Apr 15, 2012, 9:30:34 PM4/15/12
to Sperry AP Psych
Bertie's perception of self
Karen Horney: Horney believed that each person has a "real self" and
an "ideal self," and that the real self can grow to more resemble the
ideal self. Neurotics, however, feel their real self cannot live up
to their ideal self, so start to hate the real self and develop
neurotic needs. At the beginning of his treatment, Bertie had many
psychotic needs, falling mostly into the Detachment category; he
exhibits the need for perfection, because he starts to give up at the
slightest setback. When he reads Hamlet, he is speaking perfectly,
but at the smallest stammer he gives up, saying the treatment is
pointless; anything less than perfect is not good enough for him. He
also tries to restrict his life, because he refuses to acknowledge
that he might become King, and wants to shy away from his royal
duties.
Carl Jung: Bertie does not start with an accurate perception of self
because he has not gone through individuation. He needs to integrate
his personal unconscious and the collective unconscious with his
conscious. A big part of integrating his personal unconscious was
talking with Logue about when his stammer started and how the dynamics
of his family exacerbated it. Also, he can integrate the collective
unconscious by coming to terms with what it means to be king, and the
duties he has to his people. By talking about these issues, at the
end of the film, Bertie has a much more calm outlook and is ready to
lead Britain during the War, due to his more accurate perception of
self.
Alfred Adler: Adler would say that at the beginning of the film,
Bertie has an inferiority complex. He has not yet reached superiority
because he did not correctly deal with the stressors in his life, the
main ones being his stammer and the pressures of royalty. He instead
used defense mechanisms to try to ignore the stressors; for example,
he tried to use avoidance a lot. By the end of the film, he has a
better perception of self because he attacks the stressors head on and
tries to fix them. Persisting with his treatment with Logue helps him
overcome the stressor of his stammer, and talking about its origins
helps too. He also has to address his fear of the increasingly public
role of royalty.
Erich Fromm: Bertie's perception of his true self is at first
distorted because he has not satisfied the eight basic needs. In
particular, he does not have a sense of effectiveness, because he
feels that by having a stammer, he is letting everyone down. He also
suffers a lack of relatedness, because although Elizabeth provides him
with care and respect, he does not feel he receives it from his
parents or brothers. By pretty much overcoming his stammer, he gets
the feeling of accomplishment that means he has satisfied the need for
effectiveness. His relationship with his family does not undergo such
a drastic change, but the knowledge that his father, on his deathbed,
said that "Bertie has more guts than the rest of his brothers
combined" helps him satisfy that need a little more. Therefore, with
these needs a little better satisfied, by the end of the film, Bertie
has a more optimistic perception of self.
Erik Erikson: Bertie is unable to have a proper sense of self because
in some of the early stages of personality development, he was not
allowed to successfully deal with the new problems that stage posed.
His parents were very controlling when Bertie was young--he was only
allowed certain toys and they forced him to wear braces and be right-
handed--so he probably did not correctly pass through the Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt period. He feels a sense of guilt about being
independent, which manifests itself in his fear of becoming king. In
addition, he has very low self-esteem and is socially withdrawn, which
indicates there were some problems which he was in the Identity vs.
Role Confusion stage. By confronting a lot of these issues, Bertie
develops a better perception of self.
Karen Horney: Horney believed that each person has a "real self" and
an "ideal self," and that the real self can grow to more resemble the
ideal self. Neurotics, however, feel their real self cannot live up
to their ideal self, so start to hate the real self and develop
neurotic needs. At the beginning of his treatment, Bertie had many
psychotic needs, falling mostly into the Detachment category; he
exhibits the need for perfection, because he starts to give up at the
slightest setback. When he reads Hamlet, he is speaking perfectly,
but at the smallest stammer he gives up, saying the treatment is
pointless; anything less than perfect is not good enough for him. He
also tries to restrict his life, because he refuses to acknowledge
that he might become King, and wants to shy away from his royal
duties.
Carl Jung: Bertie does not start with an accurate perception of self
because he has not gone through individuation. He needs to integrate
his personal unconscious and the collective unconscious with his
conscious. A big part of integrating his personal unconscious was
talking with Logue about when his stammer started and how the dynamics
of his family exacerbated it. Also, he can integrate the collective
unconscious by coming to terms with what it means to be king, and the
duties he has to his people. By talking about these issues, at the
end of the film, Bertie has a much more calm outlook and is ready to
lead Britain during the War, due to his more accurate perception of
self.
Alfred Adler: Adler would say that at the beginning of the film,
Bertie has an inferiority complex. He has not yet reached superiority
because he did not correctly deal with the stressors in his life, the
main ones being his stammer and the pressures of royalty. He instead
used defense mechanisms to try to ignore the stressors; for example,
he tried to use avoidance a lot. By the end of the film, he has a
better perception of self because he attacks the stressors head on and
tries to fix them. Persisting with his treatment with Logue helps him
overcome the stressor of his stammer, and talking about its origins
helps too. He also has to address his fear of the increasingly public
role of royalty.
Erich Fromm: Bertie's perception of his true self is at first
distorted because he has not satisfied the eight basic needs. In
particular, he does not have a sense of effectiveness, because he
feels that by having a stammer, he is letting everyone down. He also
suffers a lack of relatedness, because although Elizabeth provides him
with care and respect, he does not feel he receives it from his
parents or brothers. By pretty much overcoming his stammer, he gets
the feeling of accomplishment that means he has satisfied the need for
effectiveness. His relationship with his family does not undergo such
a drastic change, but the knowledge that his father, on his deathbed,
said that "Bertie has more guts than the rest of his brothers
combined" helps him satisfy that need a little more. Therefore, with
these needs a little better satisfied, by the end of the film, Bertie
has a more optimistic perception of self.
Erik Erikson: Bertie is unable to have a proper sense of self because
in some of the early stages of personality development, he was not
allowed to successfully deal with the new problems that stage posed.
His parents were very controlling when Bertie was young--he was only
allowed certain toys and they forced him to wear braces and be right-
handed--so he probably did not correctly pass through the Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt period. He feels a sense of guilt about being
independent, which manifests itself in his fear of becoming king. In
addition, he has very low self-esteem and is socially withdrawn, which
indicates there were some problems which he was in the Identity vs.
Role Confusion stage. By confronting a lot of these issues, Bertie
develops a better perception of self.
katestewart
Apr 22, 2012, 6:41:51 PM4/22/12
to Sperry AP Psych
The Cause of Bertie's speech impediment.
Karen Horney: This model consists of ten needs that contribute to
personal success. Stressors associated with these needs can lead to
anxiety and neurosis, which are the general causes of Bertie's speech
impediment. More specific causes include Bertie's deficiency in
satisfying his need for affection and approval. In his childhood,
Bertie's parents preferred his siblings because his nanny made his
appear difficult and uncooperative. Furthermore, Bertie's father, King
George V, was an authoritative parent, preferring that his children
show fear and respect in his presence rather than love and affection.
Other unsatisfied needs could be the needs for power and social
recognition. Living in the shadow of his father and older brother,
Bertie was not in line for the throne and was often treated
accordingly.
Carl Jung: Jung suggests that to eliminate stress, an individual must
be able to have and recognize both introverted and extroverted traits.
Bertie, somewhat overpowered by his father's and brother's
extroversion, may have had conflict in this area, leading to anxiety
which brought about the formation of his speech impediment.
Furthermore, Bertie may have had conflict in his personal unconscious.
This may include memories from his inconsistent childhood (nannies may
have lead to attachment issues) as well as repressed negative emotions
towards his father and brother.
Alfred Adler: Bertie's speech impediment may be the result of an
inferiority complex. This means that he constructed an excess of
defense mechanisms during his development. It could also be the result
of an unsatisfied unconscious ideal self. Adler also believes in birth
order theory. This means that Bertie, being a middle child, and then
with the death of his younger brother, the youngest child, would have
caused internal conflict. Additionally, sibling rivalry between Bertie
and his older brother may have caused further anxiety and thus
contributed to Bertie's formation of a speech impediment.
Erich Fromm: Fromm believed that there are eight needs that must be
satisfied. Bertie's speech impediment may have been a result of his
inability to satisfy some of these needs, including relatedness (in
his relationship with his father and brother), as well as a conflicted
sense of self and frame of orientation (his public or required image
and his personal view of himself). Additionally, Bertie may have
struggled with his need for excitation and stimulation. This could
have been a product of his position in relation to the throne, being
the second son of the king.
Erik Erikson: Bertie may have developed a speech impediment during the
trust-mistrust stage (years 0-1) because of his attachment and
emotional issues with his abusive nanny. Additionally, he may have
developed this during the anatomy-shame stage, where he experienced
physical and emotional pain while correcting his knocked-knees. During
the competence stage, Bertie may have had conflict with his older
brother, who would succeed his father as king. The dissatisfaction and
conflict during these critical development phases may have led to the
creation of his speech impediment.
Emily Weinstein
Apr 22, 2012, 8:02:35 PM4/22/12
to Sperry AP Psych
The Cause of Bernie’s Speech Impediment:
Karen Horney: Horney states that your personality and your character
traits stem from stressors in your life. She claims that if a person
is too stressed out, they become neurotic, which ultimately causes
them to be anxious, worrisome, and emotionally unstable. Horney would
say that the cause of Bernie’s speech impediment is the fact that
there are too many stressors in his life. He was born into the royal
family and forced to live under extreme pressure from a very young
age. His father did not treat him with love or respect, and his nanny
abused him from a very young age. Horney would say that these
stressors caused him to become neurotic and develop his impediment.
Additionally, as Bernie grew older, his impediment became another
stressor in his life that caused him to be even more neurotic. His
efforts to speak in public without stammering always fail, but his
anxiety persists. This causes him to enter into what Horney calls a
“self-perpetuating vicious circle”. His anxiety after he fails to
speak in public causes him to be more anxious, and the problem
ultimately worsens.
Carl Jung: Jung states that your personality develops as a result of
what happens after your childhood. Jung discusses archetypes in
society that make up your collective unconscious. He says that there
is a balance between your repressed personal unconscious and this
collective unconscious. Jung would say that Bernie’s speech impediment
developed as a result of his inability to satisfy both his personal
and collective unconscious. When Bertie was young, his father,
brother, and nanny treated him poorly. Additionally, at a young age
his brother died of epilepsy. During their sessions together, it took
a lot for Lionel to get Bertie to discuss and recognize these
conflicts of his childhood, which suggests that his repressed,
personal unconscious may have inhibited him from overcoming his
impediment. Additionally, Bertie was born into the royal family, which
means he had an archetype of royalty to fulfill. Jung may suggest that
Bertie’s speech impediment may be a result of his anxiety and doubts
about his ability to fulfill this archetype.
Alfred Adler: Alfred Adler discusses the difference between
inferiority and superiority. He states that if we don’t deal with
life’s stressors than we develop an inferiority complex, causing us to
be aggressive, rude, and disagreeable. Adler says that we need to
address our problems instead of avoiding them with defense mechanisms.
Adler would say that Bertie’s speech impediment is a result of his
inferiority complex. As a young child, Bertie was born into a very
high stress lifestyle. His lack of positive attention and affection
from his father, brother, and nanny are all stressors that Bertie had
to deal with from a very young age. However, it is clear that Bertie
suppressed his feelings of loneliness, neglect, and sadness. He did
not face his problems and overcome them; instead he avoided them with
defense mechanisms, which only made his impediment worse.
Erich Fromm: Fromm believes that there are eight basic needs that
people need to satisfy. Fromm would argue that Bertie’s speech
impediment develops from his inability to satisfy several of these
needs including relatedness (his relationship with his father and
brother) sense of identity (not being able to form his own identity,
being forced into the role as a member of the royal family) frame of
orientation (not understanding his place in the world, always being
told what to do and when to do it, he was constantly under pressure
from the world around him) excitation and stimulation (not having any
goals to actively strive for, he spent his life responding to what he
was told to do) and effectiveness (his inability to feel accomplished
because of his impediment, as well as his mistreatment from his
father, brother, and nanny).
Erik Erikson: Erikson talks about the psychosocial stages of
development. Because Bertie’s speech impediment developed as soon as
he began to talk, Erikson would most likely attribute his impediment
to conflicts in the trust vs. mistrust stage and the autonomy versus
shame and doubt stage. Erikson would say that because Bertie’s parents
were under such pressure and stress from their royal duties, they
probably were not very responsive to Bertie’s basic needs as an
infant. Erikson would say that this caused Bertie to be mistrustful
and result in future conflicts in his life, including his speech
impediment. Additionally, during the second stage, it is possible that
Bertie was inhibited in his explorations of the world due to the
strict nature of his royal family. Because of this, Bertie may have
developed feelings of shame and doubt, which resulted in a speech
impediment that proved to be close to impossible to overcome.
Karen Horney: Horney states that your personality and your character
traits stem from stressors in your life. She claims that if a person
is too stressed out, they become neurotic, which ultimately causes
them to be anxious, worrisome, and emotionally unstable. Horney would
say that the cause of Bernie’s speech impediment is the fact that
there are too many stressors in his life. He was born into the royal
family and forced to live under extreme pressure from a very young
age. His father did not treat him with love or respect, and his nanny
abused him from a very young age. Horney would say that these
stressors caused him to become neurotic and develop his impediment.
Additionally, as Bernie grew older, his impediment became another
stressor in his life that caused him to be even more neurotic. His
efforts to speak in public without stammering always fail, but his
anxiety persists. This causes him to enter into what Horney calls a
“self-perpetuating vicious circle”. His anxiety after he fails to
speak in public causes him to be more anxious, and the problem
ultimately worsens.
Carl Jung: Jung states that your personality develops as a result of
what happens after your childhood. Jung discusses archetypes in
society that make up your collective unconscious. He says that there
is a balance between your repressed personal unconscious and this
collective unconscious. Jung would say that Bernie’s speech impediment
developed as a result of his inability to satisfy both his personal
and collective unconscious. When Bertie was young, his father,
brother, and nanny treated him poorly. Additionally, at a young age
his brother died of epilepsy. During their sessions together, it took
a lot for Lionel to get Bertie to discuss and recognize these
conflicts of his childhood, which suggests that his repressed,
personal unconscious may have inhibited him from overcoming his
impediment. Additionally, Bertie was born into the royal family, which
means he had an archetype of royalty to fulfill. Jung may suggest that
Bertie’s speech impediment may be a result of his anxiety and doubts
about his ability to fulfill this archetype.
Alfred Adler: Alfred Adler discusses the difference between
inferiority and superiority. He states that if we don’t deal with
life’s stressors than we develop an inferiority complex, causing us to
be aggressive, rude, and disagreeable. Adler says that we need to
address our problems instead of avoiding them with defense mechanisms.
Adler would say that Bertie’s speech impediment is a result of his
inferiority complex. As a young child, Bertie was born into a very
high stress lifestyle. His lack of positive attention and affection
from his father, brother, and nanny are all stressors that Bertie had
to deal with from a very young age. However, it is clear that Bertie
suppressed his feelings of loneliness, neglect, and sadness. He did
not face his problems and overcome them; instead he avoided them with
defense mechanisms, which only made his impediment worse.
Erich Fromm: Fromm believes that there are eight basic needs that
people need to satisfy. Fromm would argue that Bertie’s speech
impediment develops from his inability to satisfy several of these
needs including relatedness (his relationship with his father and
brother) sense of identity (not being able to form his own identity,
being forced into the role as a member of the royal family) frame of
orientation (not understanding his place in the world, always being
told what to do and when to do it, he was constantly under pressure
from the world around him) excitation and stimulation (not having any
goals to actively strive for, he spent his life responding to what he
was told to do) and effectiveness (his inability to feel accomplished
because of his impediment, as well as his mistreatment from his
father, brother, and nanny).
Erik Erikson: Erikson talks about the psychosocial stages of
development. Because Bertie’s speech impediment developed as soon as
he began to talk, Erikson would most likely attribute his impediment
to conflicts in the trust vs. mistrust stage and the autonomy versus
shame and doubt stage. Erikson would say that because Bertie’s parents
were under such pressure and stress from their royal duties, they
probably were not very responsive to Bertie’s basic needs as an
infant. Erikson would say that this caused Bertie to be mistrustful
and result in future conflicts in his life, including his speech
impediment. Additionally, during the second stage, it is possible that
Bertie was inhibited in his explorations of the world due to the
strict nature of his royal family. Because of this, Bertie may have
developed feelings of shame and doubt, which resulted in a speech
impediment that proved to be close to impossible to overcome.
Meghan Mahoney
Apr 22, 2012, 9:34:11 PM4/22/12
to Sperry AP Psych
The Cause of Bertie’s Speech Impediment
Karen Horney: One of Horney’s neurotic needs describes the desperate
need for affection and acceptance. If this need is not met strong
anxiety may occur. The anxiety acts as a stressor, which is the
ultimate cause of his speech impediment. Bertie explained that his
impediment appeared when he was five years old, and perhaps Bertie
became aware of the lack of affection at this time. His parents were
too preoccupied to show open affection because they were ruling the
country, and his nanny hated him. Therefore, as a child Bertie’s
neurotic need was not fulfilled, thus causing great anxiety, which led
to his speech impediment.
Carl Jung: Bertie grows up as the younger brother. His older brother
is the one who will be king when his father dies, thus his brother
receives more attention than Bertie. Even the nanny gives more
affection to Bertie’s brother and she does not show any affection
towards him. Perhaps Bertie formulated the idea that he was an
insignificant member of the family. Jung may say that Bertie has a
complex about his power and position within the family. A complex is
described as a pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes
in the personal unconscious that are organized around a common theme.
In this case the common theme would be Bertie’s position in the
family. A complex can have a huge impact on one’s life and since
these thoughts troubled Bertie, his complex could be the reason for
his chronic speech impediment.
Eric Fromm: Fromm would argue that Bertie grew up within a
“withdrawing family”. Fromm declares that the parents are coolly
indifferent towards their children, but also very demanding with high
expectations for the child. Growing up in this lifestyle contributed
to the fact that Bertie did not meet some of the eight needs Fromm
claimed people should satisfy. The needs Bertie failed to satisfy
include relatedness (with his father and brother), a sense of identity
(not quite clear, mixed with his political position), and excitation
and stimulation (parents were withdrawn, not many expectations for
Bertie). Bertie’s speech impediment was likely a result of not meeting
these needs.
Alfred Adler: Adler believed that personality difficulties are rooted
in a feeling of inferiority deriving from restrictions on the
individual’s need for self-assertion. He believes that all people
attempt to overcome their feelings of inferiority to reach
superiority. Therefore, he would argue that Bertie’s speech
impediment was a result of his accumulating feelings of inferiority as
the second son of the king. His impediment worsens as time passes
because it clearly marks his inferiority. In the opening speech he
stumbled on many words and it was hard to understand him. Meanwhile,
his brother and father are both very clear when they give speeches.
This is a difficulty that Bertie cannot seem to overcome, thus
prohibits him from reaching superiority.
Erik Erikson: Erikson would explain Bertie’s speech impediment
occurred by his experiences within the first and second psychosocial
stages. The first stage occurs during infancy and is the trust versus
mistrust stage. Bertie’s parents were preoccupied with ruling the
country, and the abusive nanny also had to take care of Bertie’s older
brother. Therefore, it is likely that the adults in Bertie’s life
were not completely responsive to his needs, so he became mistrustful
and maybe viewed the world as uncaring. Secondly, as a royal toddler,
Bertie’s parents may not have encouraged excessive exploration in
order to fit the image of royalty. As a result he developed feelings
of shame and doubt, which was a major contributor to his impediment.
emdo...@yahoo.com
Apr 22, 2012, 10:08:05 PM4/22/12
to Sperry AP Psych
The Cause of Bertie's speech impediment:
1. Karen Horney defines three types of "neurotic" needs in life,
compliance, aggression and withdrawal. According to Horney, a person
must achieve a proper balance of all three of these types of
stressors; too much of a stressor will prove detrimental. Just this,
an imbalance of these types of stressors, would be the reason for
Bertie's speech impediment. One of the types of neurotic needs is
compliance, which brings the individual towards other people; it is
the desire to be liked and accepted by others. In the film, we learn
that in Bertie's youth, he was rejected by his nanny, who preferred
his brother. As a child, Bertie sought to gain the acceptance and
approval of the nanny, who rejected him, and this caused an insecurity
in his ability to speak publicly and interact with even his closest
family in the future.
2. In Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, everyone is
born with a set of archetypes in their unconscious. The person becomes
individualized when certain aspects of some of these archetypes
surface into the individual's conscious. Until he meets with Lionel,
who questions him about his youth, Bertie's repressed memories
concerning his nanny had not yet surfaced into his conscious, making
him unable to recognize and deal with the root of his speech
impediment.
3. Alfred Adler believes that if an individual indirectly copes with a
problem using defense mechanisms, the individual will develop an
"inferiority complex". Although the film does not feature any parts of
Bertie's life before he developed the impediment, his recollections
regarding his relationships with his nanny and brother may shed light
on how an inferiority complex caused his speech impediment. In his
youth, his nanny unjustly rejected him, strongly favoring his brother.
Then, by refusing to deal with this issue directly, and instead coping
with it using defense mechanisms, Bertie developed an inferiority
complex, feeling lesser than his brother and also his father. This
inferiority complex may have then manifested itself in the form of a
speech impediment, causing Bertie to feel self-conscious and uneasy in
front of almost everyone.
4. Erich Fromm described eight needs he believed to be essential:
Bertie's problem may have stemmed from a deprivation of two needs
during his childhood: relatedness and effectiveness. In his youth,
Bertie's nanny refused to care for him properly, depriving him of a
prosperous, caring relationship with this adult figure. This, in turn,
also affected his relationship with his brother, to whom he had
developed an inferiority complex. Later in life, his impediment may
have been further exacerbated due to a deprivation of effectiveness.
That Bertie constantly feels inferior or useless because of his speech
impediment, he is never able to achieve a sense of success or
accomplishment.
5. Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages in which an
individual harvests important traits that dictate how he or she lives
his or her life. According to Bertie, his impediment developed when he
was about six years old, which corresponds to stage 4 of Erikson's
psychosocial stages. In this stage, the individual learns feelings of
industry versus feelings of inferiority. Bertie may have had
difficulty applying himself during this stage in his life, or his
efforts were not properly recognized by people such as his nanny,
which ultimately caused feelings of inferiority to emerge. These
feelings of inferiority, in turn, may have manifested themselves in
the form of a speech impediment.
1. Karen Horney defines three types of "neurotic" needs in life,
compliance, aggression and withdrawal. According to Horney, a person
must achieve a proper balance of all three of these types of
stressors; too much of a stressor will prove detrimental. Just this,
an imbalance of these types of stressors, would be the reason for
Bertie's speech impediment. One of the types of neurotic needs is
compliance, which brings the individual towards other people; it is
the desire to be liked and accepted by others. In the film, we learn
that in Bertie's youth, he was rejected by his nanny, who preferred
his brother. As a child, Bertie sought to gain the acceptance and
approval of the nanny, who rejected him, and this caused an insecurity
in his ability to speak publicly and interact with even his closest
family in the future.
2. In Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, everyone is
born with a set of archetypes in their unconscious. The person becomes
individualized when certain aspects of some of these archetypes
surface into the individual's conscious. Until he meets with Lionel,
who questions him about his youth, Bertie's repressed memories
concerning his nanny had not yet surfaced into his conscious, making
him unable to recognize and deal with the root of his speech
impediment.
3. Alfred Adler believes that if an individual indirectly copes with a
problem using defense mechanisms, the individual will develop an
"inferiority complex". Although the film does not feature any parts of
Bertie's life before he developed the impediment, his recollections
regarding his relationships with his nanny and brother may shed light
on how an inferiority complex caused his speech impediment. In his
youth, his nanny unjustly rejected him, strongly favoring his brother.
Then, by refusing to deal with this issue directly, and instead coping
with it using defense mechanisms, Bertie developed an inferiority
complex, feeling lesser than his brother and also his father. This
inferiority complex may have then manifested itself in the form of a
speech impediment, causing Bertie to feel self-conscious and uneasy in
front of almost everyone.
4. Erich Fromm described eight needs he believed to be essential:
relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, sense of identity, frame of
orientation, excitation and stimulation, unity and effectiveness.
Bertie's problem may have stemmed from a deprivation of two needs
during his childhood: relatedness and effectiveness. In his youth,
Bertie's nanny refused to care for him properly, depriving him of a
prosperous, caring relationship with this adult figure. This, in turn,
also affected his relationship with his brother, to whom he had
developed an inferiority complex. Later in life, his impediment may
have been further exacerbated due to a deprivation of effectiveness.
That Bertie constantly feels inferior or useless because of his speech
impediment, he is never able to achieve a sense of success or
accomplishment.
5. Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages in which an
individual harvests important traits that dictate how he or she lives
his or her life. According to Bertie, his impediment developed when he
was about six years old, which corresponds to stage 4 of Erikson's
psychosocial stages. In this stage, the individual learns feelings of
industry versus feelings of inferiority. Bertie may have had
difficulty applying himself during this stage in his life, or his
efforts were not properly recognized by people such as his nanny,
which ultimately caused feelings of inferiority to emerge. These
feelings of inferiority, in turn, may have manifested themselves in
the form of a speech impediment.
Maica
Apr 22, 2012, 10:37:18 PM4/22/12
to Sperry AP Psych
Cause of Bertie's speech impediment:
Karen Horney: According to Horney's model Bertie's speach impediment
was caused by stressors associated with the ten needs specified in her
model. These stressors can lead to anxiety and neurosis. In his
earlier life Bertie struggled with the need for affection and
approval. He talks with Lionel about how his nanny mistreated him and
made it even more difficult for him to gain his parents' approval.
Bertie still struggles with the need for his father's approval in
later life and wants to live up to his father's expectations but his
inability to speak publicly and live up to these expectations only
makes the stressors more serious. In his later life Bertie also
displays the need to live within narrow bounds. This need can be seen
in the way Bertie avoids any unnecessary public actions. Bertie
prefers to stay at home with his family and let his brother and father
run the country. When this need is not fulfilled and Bertie must face
the public to give a speech his stressors worsen and his stutter
worsens as a result.
Carl Jung: Jung’s idea of archetypes, stories and images that make up
the collective unconscious, informs why Bertie has a speech
impediment. Bertie's impediment is clearly linked to nervousness about
successfully fulfilling his role as king in the way that he has seen
it done so many times before him. This impediment started young
because Bertie's father did not fit the archtypical nurturing father
role and was more of an authoritarian parent than an authoritative
parent. As Bertie got older he felt pressure to become the achetypical
well mannered and well spoken royal son but was unable to live up to
these expectations so his problem continued to worsen.
Alfred Adler: One of Adler's big theories was how he believed birth
order effects a person throughout their life. Adler would say that
Bertie--the younger child--was inflicted with a speech impediment
because his older brother already had the attention of the parents
through superior intelligence and social achievement. Throughout his
entire life Bertie lived in his brother's shadow and once Bertie
managed, with Lionel's help, to stop fearing the spotlight and get out
from his brother's shadow his impediment improved.
Erich Fromm: From Fromm's point of view Bertie's speech impediment is
the result of Bertie's inability to satisfy the eight basic needs
(relatedness, transcendence, rootedness,sense of identity, frame of
orientation, excitation and stimulation, unity and effectiveness).
Bertie suffered from problems with many of these needs including
relatedness (Bertie did not have a respectful and caring relationship
with his father or brother, but his impediment improved around those
he did have this relationship with such as his wife and Lionel),
rootedness (Bertie had trouble throughout his life feeling accepted by
his father), frame of orientation (Bertie did not feel that he
belonged within the royal family and has trouble adjusting when he is
asked to step into a higher position, yet he could not associate with
the common British man), effectiveness (Bertie rarely felt a sense of
accomplishment because he was constantly making errors during speeches
and this just made him more insecure, especially when his father
called him out on his issues).
Erik Erikson: Erikson would site problems Bertie had in the second,
fourth, and fifth stages of development to explain his speech
impediment. During the second stage (autonomy v. shame and doubt)
Bertie has early memories of being repressed and disapproved of by his
nanny and parents this led to later life issues with shame and doubt.
During the fourth stage (industry v. inferiority) Bertie was not
socially fulfilled by school activities and has therefore developed
issues with inferiority (to his brother) and incompetence (in
speaking). During the fifth stage (identity v. role confusion) Bertie
did not have a smooth transition from childhood to adulthood as he was
always expected to have the manners of an adult and therefor has
developed low self-esteem and is socially withdrawn (when he can be).
Karen Horney: According to Horney's model Bertie's speach impediment
was caused by stressors associated with the ten needs specified in her
model. These stressors can lead to anxiety and neurosis. In his
earlier life Bertie struggled with the need for affection and
approval. He talks with Lionel about how his nanny mistreated him and
made it even more difficult for him to gain his parents' approval.
Bertie still struggles with the need for his father's approval in
later life and wants to live up to his father's expectations but his
inability to speak publicly and live up to these expectations only
makes the stressors more serious. In his later life Bertie also
displays the need to live within narrow bounds. This need can be seen
in the way Bertie avoids any unnecessary public actions. Bertie
prefers to stay at home with his family and let his brother and father
run the country. When this need is not fulfilled and Bertie must face
the public to give a speech his stressors worsen and his stutter
worsens as a result.
Carl Jung: Jung’s idea of archetypes, stories and images that make up
the collective unconscious, informs why Bertie has a speech
impediment. Bertie's impediment is clearly linked to nervousness about
successfully fulfilling his role as king in the way that he has seen
it done so many times before him. This impediment started young
because Bertie's father did not fit the archtypical nurturing father
role and was more of an authoritarian parent than an authoritative
parent. As Bertie got older he felt pressure to become the achetypical
well mannered and well spoken royal son but was unable to live up to
these expectations so his problem continued to worsen.
Alfred Adler: One of Adler's big theories was how he believed birth
order effects a person throughout their life. Adler would say that
Bertie--the younger child--was inflicted with a speech impediment
because his older brother already had the attention of the parents
through superior intelligence and social achievement. Throughout his
entire life Bertie lived in his brother's shadow and once Bertie
managed, with Lionel's help, to stop fearing the spotlight and get out
from his brother's shadow his impediment improved.
Erich Fromm: From Fromm's point of view Bertie's speech impediment is
the result of Bertie's inability to satisfy the eight basic needs
(relatedness, transcendence, rootedness,sense of identity, frame of
orientation, excitation and stimulation, unity and effectiveness).
Bertie suffered from problems with many of these needs including
relatedness (Bertie did not have a respectful and caring relationship
with his father or brother, but his impediment improved around those
he did have this relationship with such as his wife and Lionel),
rootedness (Bertie had trouble throughout his life feeling accepted by
his father), frame of orientation (Bertie did not feel that he
belonged within the royal family and has trouble adjusting when he is
asked to step into a higher position, yet he could not associate with
the common British man), effectiveness (Bertie rarely felt a sense of
accomplishment because he was constantly making errors during speeches
and this just made him more insecure, especially when his father
called him out on his issues).
Erik Erikson: Erikson would site problems Bertie had in the second,
fourth, and fifth stages of development to explain his speech
impediment. During the second stage (autonomy v. shame and doubt)
Bertie has early memories of being repressed and disapproved of by his
nanny and parents this led to later life issues with shame and doubt.
During the fourth stage (industry v. inferiority) Bertie was not
socially fulfilled by school activities and has therefore developed
issues with inferiority (to his brother) and incompetence (in
speaking). During the fifth stage (identity v. role confusion) Bertie
did not have a smooth transition from childhood to adulthood as he was
always expected to have the manners of an adult and therefor has
developed low self-esteem and is socially withdrawn (when he can be).
Lisa Hsieh
Apr 23, 2012, 12:02:47 AM4/23/12
to sperry-...@googlegroups.com
His anger/emotional stability:
Karen Horney: Horney examined the stressors in an individual’s life;
too much of such stressors led to neuroticism. She mentioned ten
neurotic needs, three of which were especially necessary for success:
compliance, aggression, and withdrawal. In the King’s Speech, Bertie's
lack of and subsequent need for personal admiration and achievement
due to childhood neglect places him in Horney’s category of
"aggression" (moving away from people). Furthermore, the lack of
loving parents and guardians in Bertie’s life cause him to fit the
"compliance" category, due to his need of affection.
Carl Jung: As shown through the worsening of his stuttering when
confronting those such as Edward who tormented him back in his youth,
Bertie still has not come to terms with the unconscious part of his
mind, and thus is unable to smoothly integrate his unconscious into
his conscious. According to Jung, this suggests that Bertie has still
not reached his full capability of being mature and responsible, and
has yet to experience individuation. He thus may be unable to maturely
harness his anger like an individuated person.
Alfred Adler: Adler theorized that if defense mechanisms are
continually used by a person in response to life’s stressors and
conflicts, he/she will hide from problems and inevitably develop an
inferiority complex, leading to aggressive tendencies. Bertie fits
this profile, for he constantly utilizes
the defense mechanism of emotional insulation, distancing himself
emotionally from his father’s shouts of disapproval when he is unable
to talk without a stutter. In this way, Bertie developed an
inferiority complex regarding his impediment, and subsequently
channels his anger at himself and his father towards Logue during
their speech therapy sessions.
Erich Fromm: In contrast to Horney, Fromm focuses on eight basic
needs, two of which are not fulfilled by Bertie in particular: his
need for relatedness, and effectiveness. He does not meet the need for
relatedness because he has difficulty maintaining relationships within
the royal family, as evidenced by the fact that his own two daughters
are compelled to curtsy and address him as “your Majesty” when he
becomes king. Bertie’s need for effectiveness is also not fulfilled
because his stutter allows his older brother to tease him and wield
power over him, causing him to feel unaccomplished and helpless.
Erik Erikson: In Erikson’s terms, while in the competence stage,
Bertie may have conflicted with Edward, because his older brother was
to inherit the throne from the late King George, causing displeasure
and frustration on Bertie’s part. The frustration that occurred during
this development stage could well have contributed to Bertie’s short
temper and unstable emotions.
Justin Chow
Apr 23, 2012, 11:40:17 AM4/23/12
to sperry-...@googlegroups.com
3) His anger/emotional stability
Karen Horney:
Horney had a theory of neurosis, which contained ten needs she thought everyone must have in order to succeed in life. The needs are broken up into three parts, moving toward people (compliance), moving against people (aggression), and moving away from people (withdrawal). Within these three groups are more specific needs people have. Horney would say Bertie follows both the needs in the compliance category. Bertie needs approval from the people of his country but when he messes up he gets very frustrated and very angry. As seen from the first meeting with Lionel, Bertie gets very angry when he pauses while speaking, so he quickly leaves the room. Bertie also needs a partner because he relies on his wife to comfort him even in the most difficult positions. Bertie follows all five needs in the aggression category, as he wants to take his brother’s control. Bertie needs power, wants to be better than his brother, wants to be recognized as a powerful leader, and needs personal admiration and achievement. If he does not get these then his emotional stability would quickly diminish. Bertie also follows some needs in the withdrawal category. He needs self sufficiency and perfection because he keeps on seeing Lionel to try and perfect his speech to eventually speak on his own. When Bertie gets these needs accomplished he is emotionally stable.
Carl Jung:
Jung had a theory of complex, which deals with unconscious wishes and emotions dealing with a person’s power or status. Jung would say Bertie had a complex about the speech because Bertie had the problem at such a young age it could have affected his whole life. Even if he becomes a great speaker Bertie will still have feelings of inferiority that center around his speech. When Lionel asks Bertie when he first started to stutter in his speech, and Bertie was reluctant to say it happened in his early childhood. The fact that he repressed the thought shows how his complex is affecting his emotional stability. Eventually, Bertie becomes a well-known King who successfully delivers speeches, but he must still have feelings of bitterness and inferiority.
Alfred Adler:
Adler created an inferiority complex, which is where people feel insecure and are the negative or useless reactions to the problems to life. In the beginning Bertie had these same exact feelings because he is insecure due to his speech impediment and he feels inferior to his brother. These feelings are intensified because his father is always putting down Bertie. These feelings do not help his emotional stability but eventually he becomes secure due to Lionel’s help. Bertie gains his confidence when he takes his brother’s control and he becomes a better speaker. Furthermore, Adler had a theory of birth order. He would characterize Bertie as competitive and having a need to overtake the older child. These characteristics are true for Bertie and they have an affect on his emotional control. When he does not have power and his brother does, He seems angry and frustrated, but when he does become king he seems more relaxed and happy.
Erich Fromm:
Fromm had eight basic needs, which helps the person move away from repressed feelings to life or death situations. Fromm would say Bertie needs Relatedness because his relationship with his wife is really strong. Without his wife he would have never found Lionel and would probably be emotionally insecure. Bertie has a sense of rootedness because at first he did not feel like he was in the right spot, (which was being a duke who can not speak). But after his speech lessons he is able to deliver speeches with ease and he eventually feels at home. Bertie needs self-identity because he wants to fit in with the intellectual crowd and he wants to create his own unique way of leading a country. Bertie also follows excitation and stimulation because he is actively trying to get better at speaking. He also has a need for effectiveness because he wants to feel accomplished and be a good king.
Erik Erikson:
Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that individuals need to satisfy from birth to adulthood. According to Erickson’s stages, Bertie may have struggled in stage 4 and stage 7. In stage four, Industry vs. Inferiority, Bertie may have had a hard time applying himself because of his speech impediment, eventually leading to his feeling of inferiority and incompetence. Bertie feels inferior to his older brother and he feels incompetent because he cannot deliver a speech without having the most awkward pauses. Bertie may have also struggled in stage seven, Generativity vs. Stagnation, because he feels he is stagnant because he can not tell his kids a bed time story without pausing all the time. Eventually he does get a lot better at speaking so he might develop generativity, which is successfully helping his daughters in life. When he delivers the speech at the end of the movie, he is able to teach his daughters that hard work can eventually pay off.
Mark mulligan
Apr 23, 2012, 5:37:25 PM4/23/12
to Sperry AP Psych
Bertie’s relationship with Logue
Karen Horney: Horney would say that Bertie naturally liked Logue, but
his anxiety superceeded this. Since a way to cope with the anxiety is
to avoid emotional attachments, Horney would say that by not being
friendly to Logue, he was avoiding becoming attached to cope with the
anxiety facing him.
Carl Jung: Since Jung focuses on the unconscious memories he would say
that Bertie had a repressed memory that somehow made him suspicious of
Logue. Thus, he would be suspicious of Logue, but would eventually be
able to trust him once he observed that he was there to help Bertie
Alfred Adler: Adler’s focus on use of defense mechanisms fits
perfectly with Bertie. When he is talking to Logue, he is clearly
using substitution to express his anger over not being able to speak
correctly. Since he realizes eventually that he can trust Logue, he
stops using substitution.
Erich Fromm: For Fromm, his rejection of Freud’s 8 needs clearly fits
with Bertie’s complex nature around Logue. Since the focus of his
sessions with Bertie are mainly focused on changing his needs, and
coping with them, Freud’s simple model is clearly proven wrong by
Bertie’s actions.
Eirik Erikson: Erikson said that identity is always changing, which is
clearly the case with Bertie. In the beginning with Logue, he is short-
tempered, and Logue finds him hard to deal with. However, eventually
Logue and Bertie are able to form a new bond, which shows
Allen Mannheim
Apr 23, 2012, 7:36:18 PM4/23/12
to sperry-...@googlegroups.com
Bertie’s relationship with Logue
Karen Horney: Karen Horney would think that the relationship between
Bertie and Logue consisted of Bertie naturally liking Logue but he was
anxious of the relationship, given that they were of different
backgrounds. And Bertie was scared of how such a relationship would
go, seeing as he had never had such a relationship, so Bertie becomes
aggressive when Logue first hints at creating such a relationship. And
Bertie tries to show his superiority over Logue, but eventually Bertie
complies with Logue’s wishes.
Carl Jung: Bertie tries to fill the archetype of a leader, which his
father and brother had successfully filled before, especially with
Logue, who Bertie sees as a lower, while Logue tries to fill the
archetype of a mentor and a friend. With Logue’s help Bertie begins to
realize himself and who he is. And eventually Logue helps Bertie
express his true self and therefore become a good leader such as his
father and brother.
Alfred Adler: Adler would easily say that Bertie has an inferiority
complex, through his overuse of defense mechanism related to public
speaking and his family. With Logue, Bertie uses rationalization and
denial to assuage his troubles; however Logue realizes Bertie is using
the mechanism to defend what he actually feels. Eventually Logue is
able to overcome Bertie’s defense mechanism and have a truthful talk
with him. In the end Logue helps Bertie stop using as many defense
mechanisms, such that Bertie could perform his duty as king and give
his speech.
Erich Fromm: Fromm would see that Bertie has failed to care for people
and has failed to be related to by other people, leaving Bertie scared
and alone, and creating an impediment such that he would offend anyone
or say anything wrong. However Logue gives the care and attention that
Bertie never received from his family and Logue was able to break
Bertie’s need to fear what he would say, by giving Bertie someone to
care for and someone to relate to.
Erik Erikson: Erikson would realize that Bertie had a flawed identity
and that Bertie was never able to express himself as he was raised,
leading to the speech impediment. With Logue, Bertie was able to
express himself and discover who he was and what he wanted in the
world. Also how to use his voice, this allowed Bertie to fortify his
identity in the world and with Logue’s assistance become a member of
society.
Anna Kasok
Apr 23, 2012, 8:04:12 PM4/23/12
to Sperry AP Psych
The Cause of Bertie’s Speech Impediment:
Karen Horney:
Compliance, one of Karen Horney’s neurotic needs, is the cause of
Bertie’s speech impediment. Compliance is the desire to move closer
to people and receive attention and affection from them. In the
movie, Bertie tells Lionel that his nanny disliked him and openly
favored his older brother, David when they were growing up. Bertie’s
speech impediment first became an issue when he turned five, an age
where children start to look around them and begin to understand their
place in the world. Because of Bertie’s lack of attention and
affection, he became very insecure when speaking in public, assuming
that like his nanny, his main caregiver, no one would want to hear
what he had to say.
Carl Jung:
Jung said that in order to be stable in life, one must be both
introverted and extroverted at times. As the youngest child, Bertie
had his father and his older brother to look up to. His father was a
beloved king, and his brother was the favored child, and therefore,
they both had lots of confidence and were extremely extroverted, but
showed few signs of introversion. Because Bertie was not the favorite
child, he did not have the confidence that would allow him to be
extroverted, and so he became anxious when needing to do something
such as speaking, which requires one to be confident and extroverted.
The anxiety that came as a result of the lack of confidence and
extroversion is what caused Bertie’s speech impediment.
Alfred Adler:
Adler said that in order to be superior, one must face their issues
rather than using defense mechanisms, which then cause inferiority
complexes. Between being born into a royal family and never being
loved as much as his brother was, Bertie led a stressful and
challenging life, even when he was a toddler. At the time that he
became aware of all of these challenges in his life, Bertie did not
know how to properly address them so as to avoid building an
inferiority complex. Bertie developed an inferiority complex with
defense mechanisms that he used, in addition to being aggressive and
unkind to people that tried to help him, such as the way he acted with
Lionel Logue the first few times he met with him. His speech
impediment developed because of this inferiority complex and the fact
that he masked it with defense mechanisms.
Erich Fromm:
Fromm said that there are eight basic needs. One of these is
relatedness, which is one’s relationships with others, relationships
that should involve care and respect. Because of his distant parents
and his nanny that openly favored his brother, Bertie did not receive
a lot of care or respect when he was young, and therefore did not
experience relatedness, a basic need. Without all eight basic needs,
people feel doubt, which leads them to a life without meaning and
direction. This lack of meaning and direction don’t provide Bertie
with a lot of confidence in himself, which explains the development of
his speech impediment. Had Bertie experienced relatedness with people
in his life, he would have found more meaning in his life, and would
have felt more confident and would not have developed his speech
impediment.
Erik Erikson:
Erikson would say that issues during stages two, three, and four of
Bertie’s development were the causes of his speech impediment. Stage
two is autonomy versus shame and doubt and is when children are torn
between exploring and independence versus listening to their parents
and feeling as though exploration is bad. Because Bertie was born
into a royal family, much of his young life was structured and he was
not encouraged to explore. His desire to explore made him feel guilty
and so he felt shame. Stage three is initiative versus guilt and is
when children get creative and try new things. But once again,
Bertie’s royal family would not encourage creativity, but rather stick
to rigid traditions. Bertie’s lack of ability to be creative would
make him feel guilty and prevent him from getting confidence that
comes from independence and creativity. Stage four is industry versus
inferiority and is when children enter grade school and play with
other children and work with others to complete tasks. But because
Bertie was royal, he did not attend a normal grade school, and instead
had private tutors along with his older brother. Because his older
brother was the favored child, Bertie did not get a feeling of
industry, of success, and so he felt inferior and incompetent, and
developed a speech impediment.
Karen Horney:
Compliance, one of Karen Horney’s neurotic needs, is the cause of
Bertie’s speech impediment. Compliance is the desire to move closer
to people and receive attention and affection from them. In the
movie, Bertie tells Lionel that his nanny disliked him and openly
favored his older brother, David when they were growing up. Bertie’s
speech impediment first became an issue when he turned five, an age
where children start to look around them and begin to understand their
place in the world. Because of Bertie’s lack of attention and
affection, he became very insecure when speaking in public, assuming
that like his nanny, his main caregiver, no one would want to hear
what he had to say.
Carl Jung:
Jung said that in order to be stable in life, one must be both
introverted and extroverted at times. As the youngest child, Bertie
had his father and his older brother to look up to. His father was a
beloved king, and his brother was the favored child, and therefore,
they both had lots of confidence and were extremely extroverted, but
showed few signs of introversion. Because Bertie was not the favorite
child, he did not have the confidence that would allow him to be
extroverted, and so he became anxious when needing to do something
such as speaking, which requires one to be confident and extroverted.
The anxiety that came as a result of the lack of confidence and
extroversion is what caused Bertie’s speech impediment.
Alfred Adler:
Adler said that in order to be superior, one must face their issues
rather than using defense mechanisms, which then cause inferiority
complexes. Between being born into a royal family and never being
loved as much as his brother was, Bertie led a stressful and
challenging life, even when he was a toddler. At the time that he
became aware of all of these challenges in his life, Bertie did not
know how to properly address them so as to avoid building an
inferiority complex. Bertie developed an inferiority complex with
defense mechanisms that he used, in addition to being aggressive and
unkind to people that tried to help him, such as the way he acted with
Lionel Logue the first few times he met with him. His speech
impediment developed because of this inferiority complex and the fact
that he masked it with defense mechanisms.
Erich Fromm:
Fromm said that there are eight basic needs. One of these is
relatedness, which is one’s relationships with others, relationships
that should involve care and respect. Because of his distant parents
and his nanny that openly favored his brother, Bertie did not receive
a lot of care or respect when he was young, and therefore did not
experience relatedness, a basic need. Without all eight basic needs,
people feel doubt, which leads them to a life without meaning and
direction. This lack of meaning and direction don’t provide Bertie
with a lot of confidence in himself, which explains the development of
his speech impediment. Had Bertie experienced relatedness with people
in his life, he would have found more meaning in his life, and would
have felt more confident and would not have developed his speech
impediment.
Erik Erikson:
Erikson would say that issues during stages two, three, and four of
Bertie’s development were the causes of his speech impediment. Stage
two is autonomy versus shame and doubt and is when children are torn
between exploring and independence versus listening to their parents
and feeling as though exploration is bad. Because Bertie was born
into a royal family, much of his young life was structured and he was
not encouraged to explore. His desire to explore made him feel guilty
and so he felt shame. Stage three is initiative versus guilt and is
when children get creative and try new things. But once again,
Bertie’s royal family would not encourage creativity, but rather stick
to rigid traditions. Bertie’s lack of ability to be creative would
make him feel guilty and prevent him from getting confidence that
comes from independence and creativity. Stage four is industry versus
inferiority and is when children enter grade school and play with
other children and work with others to complete tasks. But because
Bertie was royal, he did not attend a normal grade school, and instead
had private tutors along with his older brother. Because his older
brother was the favored child, Bertie did not get a feeling of
industry, of success, and so he felt inferior and incompetent, and
developed a speech impediment.
Maggie Renner
Apr 23, 2012, 8:06:32 PM4/23/12
to Sperry AP Psych
His anger/emotional stability
Karen Horney: There are many expectations that Bertie must meet. Karen
Horney discusses how one’s anxiety comes from cultural expectations,
instead of being derived from childhood experiences. Bertie is in a
situation with many expectations, including being King and having
impeccable speaking skills as well as taking the thrown from a King
that is not dead. These expectations are too much for Bertie and are
too unrealistic. Being unable to fulfill cultural expecation, Bertie
becomes frustrated and emotionally exhausted. The speech impediment
merely adds to this frusteration.
Carl Jung: Jung discusses the idea of collective unconscious and how
at a younger age, many of these memories can have long term effects
on people. When Bertie starts to talk about all the kids making fun
of his stammer when he was younger and how his father, the king,
encouraged it because he wanted to be respected, these archetypes
seem to have mesmerized Bertie to present time. Bertie struggles with
coping with the abuse taken from his family and his anger and lack of
emotional stability shows when his brother leaves and his father
dies.
Alfred Adler: Adler talks about how a healthy life can come from
thorough integration in one's community and strong relationships with
people. The problem for Bertie is that he grew up part of a royal
family which means that his interactions with the common man were
very minimal. When he is talking to Lionel, he says how peculiar it
is that he can't read a common man because he seldom encounters them.
This creates a difficult situation for Bertie later in life when he
relies on a "common man" to help fix a speech impediment which is
disallowing his kingly duties.
Erich Fromm: Fromm, a neo-Freudian, believes in the importance of
interpersonal relationships along with inner difficulties being
related to social terms. Bertie, as aforementioned, struggles with
normal relationships that are not with his family and Lionel by this
point in the movie. Even though his relationships are more
structured, he still seems to submit to his father and brother's
demands which makes him seems meek and powerless. In the scene where
David and Bertie are discussing at the castle David's marriage to
Wallace, Bertie cannot even say a world because he feels inferior to
his brother and therefore lacks the confidence he needs to confront
him. This results in a frustrated Bertie who feels less self-
confident and cannot self-advocate.
Erik Erikson: Erikson believes in the relationship between an
individual and their ego. Like Freud, Erikson sees the ego as a
force, which should provide emotional confidence but in Bertie's
case, prevent him from self-advocating. Bertie feels the need to
please those around him without upsetting the status quo. In the
scene where Lionel and Bertie are walking and Lionel briefly suggests
that Bertie would make a good king, Bertie instantly enters a state
of denial and low-ego. Erikson sees a low power ego as inferior and
submitting to those who have more self-confidence which leaves
passive Bertie in a poor position and finally he ends up frustrated
and unstable.
Karen Horney: There are many expectations that Bertie must meet. Karen
Horney discusses how one’s anxiety comes from cultural expectations,
instead of being derived from childhood experiences. Bertie is in a
situation with many expectations, including being King and having
impeccable speaking skills as well as taking the thrown from a King
that is not dead. These expectations are too much for Bertie and are
too unrealistic. Being unable to fulfill cultural expecation, Bertie
becomes frustrated and emotionally exhausted. The speech impediment
merely adds to this frusteration.
Carl Jung: Jung discusses the idea of collective unconscious and how
at a younger age, many of these memories can have long term effects
on people. When Bertie starts to talk about all the kids making fun
of his stammer when he was younger and how his father, the king,
encouraged it because he wanted to be respected, these archetypes
seem to have mesmerized Bertie to present time. Bertie struggles with
coping with the abuse taken from his family and his anger and lack of
emotional stability shows when his brother leaves and his father
dies.
Alfred Adler: Adler talks about how a healthy life can come from
thorough integration in one's community and strong relationships with
people. The problem for Bertie is that he grew up part of a royal
family which means that his interactions with the common man were
very minimal. When he is talking to Lionel, he says how peculiar it
is that he can't read a common man because he seldom encounters them.
This creates a difficult situation for Bertie later in life when he
relies on a "common man" to help fix a speech impediment which is
disallowing his kingly duties.
Erich Fromm: Fromm, a neo-Freudian, believes in the importance of
interpersonal relationships along with inner difficulties being
related to social terms. Bertie, as aforementioned, struggles with
normal relationships that are not with his family and Lionel by this
point in the movie. Even though his relationships are more
structured, he still seems to submit to his father and brother's
demands which makes him seems meek and powerless. In the scene where
David and Bertie are discussing at the castle David's marriage to
Wallace, Bertie cannot even say a world because he feels inferior to
his brother and therefore lacks the confidence he needs to confront
him. This results in a frustrated Bertie who feels less self-
confident and cannot self-advocate.
Erik Erikson: Erikson believes in the relationship between an
individual and their ego. Like Freud, Erikson sees the ego as a
force, which should provide emotional confidence but in Bertie's
case, prevent him from self-advocating. Bertie feels the need to
please those around him without upsetting the status quo. In the
scene where Lionel and Bertie are walking and Lionel briefly suggests
that Bertie would make a good king, Bertie instantly enters a state
of denial and low-ego. Erikson sees a low power ego as inferior and
submitting to those who have more self-confidence which leaves
passive Bertie in a poor position and finally he ends up frustrated
and unstable.
Dan Elfman
Apr 23, 2012, 9:23:01 PM4/23/12
to Sperry AP Psych
His anger/emotional stability
Karen Horney- Horney is responsible for creating the ten needs she
thought were important for an individual to be successful in life.
Bertie is quite angry and frustrated that he cannot speak properly
which falls under Horney's aggression category of moving away from
people. As Bertie is a duke, Horney would find it fitting that he
demonstrates basic hostility to those around him because of his need
for power. Bertie also falls under the need for perfection of
Horney's 10 needs of success. Bertie identifies that his speech
issues make him look weak, and are really his only downside as a
leader. Thus it really bothers him and Horney would classify him as
having a fear of being slightly flawed.
Carl Jung- Jung is responsible for the terms Introversion and
Extraversion. Extraverts tend to enjoy human interaction, while
introverts are more concerned with their own mental life. Jung would
classify Bertie as an angry introvert. His energy expands by
examining himself and dwindles during human interaction. Jung also
created the theory of individuation, in which the unconscious merges
with the conscious. His unconscious may contain repressed memories of
his father putting too much pressure on him, which was evidenced when
his father had no sympathy for Bertie's struggles, and continued to
yell "out with it boy!".
Alfred Adler- Adler is considered the founder of individual
psychology. His belief is that Bertie would have wanted to treat his
speech issues as a young child because before age 5 is the most
important time for an individual's perception of one's self. Adler
also believes that people who use defense mechanisms develop
inferiority complexes. Bertie demonstrates some defense mechanisms and
anger during the course of this film and Adler would classify him as
developing an inferiority complex.
Erich Fromm- From believes in the idea that freedom is the most
essential human quality and he considered it the central
characteristic of human nature. Fromm's escapes from freedom include
authoritative figures. Fromm might argue that Bertie's father took
away some of Bertie's freedoms as a child, and so he is quite angry
today. Fromm might even argue that Bertie demonstrates masochism
because he is compliant with his fathers requests, and is not an
authoritative figure himself.
Erik Erikson- Erik Erikson is a neo-freudian responsible for creating
a theory in which virtues are a key factor. Erikson has 8 life stages
in his theory and among them is one that really stands out for
Bertie. The Competence stage (age 6-11) may have had Erikson arguing
that Bertie felt inferior to his brother who didn't have issues with
his bow legs, causing Bertie to feel angry and discouraged.
Karen Horney- Horney is responsible for creating the ten needs she
thought were important for an individual to be successful in life.
Bertie is quite angry and frustrated that he cannot speak properly
which falls under Horney's aggression category of moving away from
people. As Bertie is a duke, Horney would find it fitting that he
demonstrates basic hostility to those around him because of his need
for power. Bertie also falls under the need for perfection of
Horney's 10 needs of success. Bertie identifies that his speech
issues make him look weak, and are really his only downside as a
leader. Thus it really bothers him and Horney would classify him as
having a fear of being slightly flawed.
Carl Jung- Jung is responsible for the terms Introversion and
Extraversion. Extraverts tend to enjoy human interaction, while
introverts are more concerned with their own mental life. Jung would
classify Bertie as an angry introvert. His energy expands by
examining himself and dwindles during human interaction. Jung also
created the theory of individuation, in which the unconscious merges
with the conscious. His unconscious may contain repressed memories of
his father putting too much pressure on him, which was evidenced when
his father had no sympathy for Bertie's struggles, and continued to
yell "out with it boy!".
Alfred Adler- Adler is considered the founder of individual
psychology. His belief is that Bertie would have wanted to treat his
speech issues as a young child because before age 5 is the most
important time for an individual's perception of one's self. Adler
also believes that people who use defense mechanisms develop
inferiority complexes. Bertie demonstrates some defense mechanisms and
anger during the course of this film and Adler would classify him as
developing an inferiority complex.
Erich Fromm- From believes in the idea that freedom is the most
essential human quality and he considered it the central
characteristic of human nature. Fromm's escapes from freedom include
authoritative figures. Fromm might argue that Bertie's father took
away some of Bertie's freedoms as a child, and so he is quite angry
today. Fromm might even argue that Bertie demonstrates masochism
because he is compliant with his fathers requests, and is not an
authoritative figure himself.
Erik Erikson- Erik Erikson is a neo-freudian responsible for creating
a theory in which virtues are a key factor. Erikson has 8 life stages
in his theory and among them is one that really stands out for
Bertie. The Competence stage (age 6-11) may have had Erikson arguing
that Bertie felt inferior to his brother who didn't have issues with
his bow legs, causing Bertie to feel angry and discouraged.
noa...@verizon.net
Apr 23, 2012, 9:36:32 PM4/23/12
to Sperry AP Psych
Anger/emotional stability
Karen Horney:
Karen Horney explains development by identifying 10 "needs" which must
be satisfied for a person to be sucessful in life. Due to his father's
refusal to praise of even interact normally with Bertie until his
death, when his father finally complements him, Bertie's need for the
affection and approval of his father is not met and thus this lack is
expressed in his fluctuating moods and anger issues.
Carl Jung:
Carl Jung seperates the source of motives into conscious and
unconscious, attributing conflitict and issues to a failure to meld
the two. Bertie is unwilling or unable to sync his unconscious need
for approval and a "father figure" with his conscious desire for
autonamy. This seperation of of the two sources of motives causes each
of them to express themselves suddenly and often violently.
Alfred Adler:
Adler theorized that use of defense mechanisms eventaully lead to an
inability to face problems and conflicts directly. This can be seen in
Bertie's somatization when faced with conflict which lead to his
speech impediment. As he continually relied on this in his early life
Bertie became unable to deal with problems without relying on the same
defense. When he does try to deal with issues without defense
mechanisms he ofter does so in outbursts of anger or another emotion
showing that he does not know how to deal with conflict.
Erich Fromm:
Fromm identified 8 basic needs which he believed must be met for
success. One of these was effectiveness, the need for ones actions to
have a tangible influence on the world. As a result of his sheltered
and somewhat repressive childhood, Bertie developed an issues with
effectiveness. These effectiveness issues cause him to become
frustrated and often result in angry outbursts.
Erik Erikson:
Erikson based his theories around the eight stages of development
which stretch from birth to death. Problems encountered in these eight
stages do not prevent a person from moving on but can cause issues
later in life. Bertie suffered from issues which arose doing the forth
stage industry v. inferiority. Due to his issues with speech, Bertie
was unable to be industrious in the manner in which his father
demanded thus he began to feel inferior. However as a child he had no
outlet for these feelings, but as an adult he does and they are see
through angry outbursts.
Karen Horney:
Karen Horney explains development by identifying 10 "needs" which must
be satisfied for a person to be sucessful in life. Due to his father's
refusal to praise of even interact normally with Bertie until his
death, when his father finally complements him, Bertie's need for the
affection and approval of his father is not met and thus this lack is
expressed in his fluctuating moods and anger issues.
Carl Jung:
Carl Jung seperates the source of motives into conscious and
unconscious, attributing conflitict and issues to a failure to meld
the two. Bertie is unwilling or unable to sync his unconscious need
for approval and a "father figure" with his conscious desire for
autonamy. This seperation of of the two sources of motives causes each
of them to express themselves suddenly and often violently.
Alfred Adler:
Adler theorized that use of defense mechanisms eventaully lead to an
inability to face problems and conflicts directly. This can be seen in
Bertie's somatization when faced with conflict which lead to his
speech impediment. As he continually relied on this in his early life
Bertie became unable to deal with problems without relying on the same
defense. When he does try to deal with issues without defense
mechanisms he ofter does so in outbursts of anger or another emotion
showing that he does not know how to deal with conflict.
Erich Fromm:
Fromm identified 8 basic needs which he believed must be met for
success. One of these was effectiveness, the need for ones actions to
have a tangible influence on the world. As a result of his sheltered
and somewhat repressive childhood, Bertie developed an issues with
effectiveness. These effectiveness issues cause him to become
frustrated and often result in angry outbursts.
Erik Erikson:
Erikson based his theories around the eight stages of development
which stretch from birth to death. Problems encountered in these eight
stages do not prevent a person from moving on but can cause issues
later in life. Bertie suffered from issues which arose doing the forth
stage industry v. inferiority. Due to his issues with speech, Bertie
was unable to be industrious in the manner in which his father
demanded thus he began to feel inferior. However as a child he had no
outlet for these feelings, but as an adult he does and they are see
through angry outbursts.
peter crane
Apr 23, 2012, 10:27:53 PM4/23/12
to sperry-...@googlegroups.com
Bertie's relationship with Logue
1. Karen Horney believed that an individual's neurosis wasn't so much about the repressed stuff but instead it was about the stressors in your life. She created a list of ten needs that she thought all humans require to succeed in life. She categorizes the ten needs into three larger categories of moving towards people, against people, and away from people. Bertie fits into all three in his relationship with Dr. Logue. His need for a partner who can solve his speech impediment problem falls under the category of compliance and moving towards people. Also, in the aggression category, Bertie shows a need for social recognition which can be seen in their relationship when Bertie at first will not accept his new nickname and says that he must be called the duke until he gives into Lionel's ways of doing things. Laslty, Bertie's need for self-sufficiency is displayed as he almost gets rid of Logue entirely when he discovers that Lionel is not really a doctor. This is an example of withdrawal and moving away from people.
2. Carl Jung would reveal the role that Logue plays in showing the collective unconscious to Bertie. In diagnosing the source of his stammer, Logue tells Bertie of the universal conflicts or archetypes that stammerers encounter. Logue informs Bertie of most of the common conflicts that people who stutter face such as being forced to switch from a lefty to righty. Through Logue's encouragement and support, Bertie finds himself able to overcome his speech impediment with the help of his growing collective unconscious.
3. Alfred Adler addressed the issues regarding individuals who used defense mechanisms to hide from their problems and developing an inferiority complex or face them and form a superior complex. Before Bertie started treatment from Logue he had created his own inferiority complex through the use of defense mechanisms. However, with the help of Logue, Bertie faced his problems through the therapy and by the end gave a nearly stutter free speech. Logue focused on certain aspects of Bertie's life as he learned of his relationships to each family member. It was clear that Bertie hid from his problems and even hated the therapy methods created by each doctor for his stammer. Until he met Logue, he had lost all hope and had only his defense mechanisms to protect him.
4. Eric Fromm listed eight basic needs and a few of them can be directly connected to the relationship between Bertie and Logue. First, the need for relatedness which can be seen in the friendship between the two men. Bertie says that he has never had any friends before but has found this need in his relationship with Logue. Also, the need for a sense of identity is demonstrated when Logue urges Bertie that he could run the country and be his own independent man. He wants to give Bertie the confidence that he needs by telling him that he can have his own identity. Lastly, the need for effectiveness is shown through Bertie's determination to find a cure for his stammer so that he can do great things and Logue believes in him throughout the therapy process.
5. Erik Erikson would show that the relationship between the two men fall under stage 6 and stage 7 of young adulthood and middle adulthood. In stage 6 Bertie can be seen finding the loving relationship with his wife and now choosing intimacy over isolation in his new friendship with Logue. Logue also finds intimate relationships with his children and wife rather than isolation. Lastly, stage 7 is present in both the lives of Logue and Bertie as they both achieve generativity through raising their own children.
On Thu, Apr 12, 2012 at 6:32 AM, Mr. Simon <jsim...@gmail.com> wrote:
Marina Guigli
Apr 23, 2012, 10:54:20 PM4/23/12
to Sperry AP Psych
Bertie's Relationship with Logue
Karen Horney- Karen Horney’s three categories consist of moving
toward, against and away from people. Bertie started his relationship
with Logue by moving away from him. He was not very accepting of
Logue’s treatments and left because he did not feel they were
suitable. He later moved against Logue because of his need of personal
achievement of overcoming his speech impairment. Bertie then moved
toward Logue as a partner who supported him and guided him throughout
his public speeches.
Carl Jung- Bertie is extraversion because he is concerned with
obtaining gratification from his outside self. Bertie wishes to feel
accomplished by treating his speech impairment and being able to say
his father’s speech as well as other speeches.
Alfred Adler-Logue allows Bertie to overcome the inferiority complex
through helping him overcome problems in his life. Logue helps Bertie
feel more secure and increases his self-esteem when it comes to his
speech.
Erich Fromm-Bertie reaches excitation and stimulation through his
relationship with Logue. Logue allows Bertie to reach his goal through
a series of treatments. Bertie is then able to achieve his goal and
speak in public.
Erik Erikson- Bertie is in the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation
through knowing that solving his speech impairment is what is
important to him. Bertie’s relationship with Logue allows him to make
progress in his career as king through helping him solve his speech
problem.
Karen Horney- Karen Horney’s three categories consist of moving
toward, against and away from people. Bertie started his relationship
with Logue by moving away from him. He was not very accepting of
Logue’s treatments and left because he did not feel they were
suitable. He later moved against Logue because of his need of personal
achievement of overcoming his speech impairment. Bertie then moved
toward Logue as a partner who supported him and guided him throughout
his public speeches.
Carl Jung- Bertie is extraversion because he is concerned with
obtaining gratification from his outside self. Bertie wishes to feel
accomplished by treating his speech impairment and being able to say
his father’s speech as well as other speeches.
Alfred Adler-Logue allows Bertie to overcome the inferiority complex
through helping him overcome problems in his life. Logue helps Bertie
feel more secure and increases his self-esteem when it comes to his
speech.
Erich Fromm-Bertie reaches excitation and stimulation through his
relationship with Logue. Logue allows Bertie to reach his goal through
a series of treatments. Bertie is then able to achieve his goal and
speak in public.
Erik Erikson- Bertie is in the stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation
through knowing that solving his speech impairment is what is
important to him. Bertie’s relationship with Logue allows him to make
progress in his career as king through helping him solve his speech
problem.
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