There is nothing "fixed" since there is nothing broken. This is no vulnerability. If you leave your drive unencrypted, it is prone to manipulation. However, there has been a change: the utilman trick does no longer work on Win10 machines that use windows defender as their AV solution, since Microsoft has recently begun to detect this method. Since September 2018, you need to use other ways. However, there is still a chance to use the old method if you are a quick typist: Start your machine in safe mode (keep shift pressed while clicking on restart and select advanced startup options, then F4 for safe mode). In safe mode, defender is starting a little later, which allows you to use the method for about 30 seconds. Just use this one liner, when on the command prompt:net user administrator /active newpassAfterwards, you can logon with the account administrator and the password newpass.
After digging out from a few search results, I found out it is much easier to reset the password by editing the SAM database. There is no password required on the login screen after a reset. One of the free utilitues to do this is Offline Windows Password & Registry Editor by Pogostick.
I have been asked to help out with a machine which has been happily working with the same password for months and suddenly after Anniversary Edition was installed, no longer allows login with that password.
All failed. My guess is the resetting process makes Windows password out of sync with file system. The new password only is written to disk when I log off because SAM file is exclusive locked by system. Therefore, the credentials change, which makes the decryption failed after restart. However, I don't know why changing password in Control Panel doesn't have this effect.
By default, an account is locked out after 10 unsuccessful sign-in attempts with the wrong password. The user is locked out for one minute. Further incorrect sign-in attempts lock out the user for increasing durations of time. Smart lockout tracks the last three bad password hashes to avoid incrementing the lockout counter for the same password. If someone enters the same bad password multiple times, they won't get locked out. You can define the smart lockout threshold and duration.
You probably do not want to change the root users password (because in Ubuntu, the root user generally should not have a password, sudo should be used instead).You probably also do not want to leave your default user as root. Even when working form windows, its still a bad practice.
In this case the resolution is to edit the pg_hba.conf file and ensure consistent password authentication. For instance, 127.0.0.1 uses scram-sha-256 and 192.168.1.2 uses md5 then setting 127.0.0.1 to md5 allows you to login again (after restarting the service).
One of the aspects of securing your computers is to ensure that it locks itself after a period of inactivity. So, if the PC is idle, which means the user has likely left it unattended for a while, we want the screen saver to kick in and resuming the user session should require entering the password, by showing the logon screen. Even the most security conscious users can forget to lock the screen when leaving. For example, if the user is at their desk, but not working on their computer, the screen may power off after a while. Now, when the user leaves, they may not realize the screen is still unlocked. So, it is best to automate the screen lockout.
The above settings are sufficient to activate the screen lock after machine is idle for all users. However, some users may, inadvertently change the above settings from their individual Personalization settings such as under Lock Screen Settings. They may not be wanting to bypass security but simply desire a different screen saver, but in the process accidentally remove the password requirement. Users may not be aware or not remember that the password requirement is part of your firm's security policy.
Network Level Authentication (NLA) for Remote Desktop Connection is an optional security feature available in Windows Vista and later. When NLA is enabled, remote connections pre-authenticate to the remote system when the RDP client connects before displaying a full remote session. When NLA is disabled, the Windows username and password is entered within the RDP client session after connecting.
When Duo Authentication for Windows Logon is installed on a system where NLA is not required a full Remote Desktop session is displayed when the RDP client connects to the remote system. The Windows username and password are entered in the Remote Desktop window, and after the logon information is accepted the Duo Security prompt appears for two-factor authentication.
When automatic push is enabled, Duo Authentication for Windows Logon automatically sends a push notification to the Duo Mobile app or a phone call to the user's default device after submitting the Windows username and password. This is the installation default. You can choose to disable automatic push for all users of Duo for Windows Logon on a given system by deselecting the "Use automatic push to authenticate if available" box during installation.
You can't create a "lockout policy" to lock a user out of the account after a specified number of failed sign-in attempts. For enhanced security, we recommend that you combine a strong password policy with multi-factor authentication (MFA). For more information about MFA, see Using multi-factor authentication (MFA) in AWS.
Later I came across this again when rolling out the Windows 10 security baseline in Intune, which by default has a password policy. I noticed that our password rotation solution was failing on recently deployed Azure AD-joined devices, after we enabled the baseline.
I had a similar issue with Teams Rooms where an Intune password policy was once applied and then removed. But the EAS password policy stayed and disabled the Teams Rooms Autologon after every restart. So I have reached out to MS support and they gave me this solution to remove the EAS policy completely, which actually worked for me:
In certain situations, a user may be issued a new account and not access that account for a period of time. As mentioned previously, initial passwords have a higher risk of being guessed or intercepted depending on what process is being used to create and distribute passwords. Forcing an initial password to expire after a period of time (e.g. 72 hours) helps mitigate this risk. This may also be a sign that the account is not necessary.
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