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Aerogel is the lightest solid known to mankind, with only three times the density of air.
Aerogel
produced on the ground typically displays a blue haze or has a slight
cloudiness to its appearence. This feature is believed to be caused by
impurities and variations in the size of small pores in the Aerogel
material. Scientists are trying to eliminate this haze so that the
insulator might be used in window panes and other applications where
transparency is important.
The Aerogel made aboard the flight
of the Starfire Rocket in April has indicated that gravity effects in
samples of the material made on the ground may be responsible for the
adverse pore sizes and thus account for the lack of transparency. Both
the diameter and volume of the pores in the space-made Aerogel appear to
be between 4 and 5 times better than otherwise identically formulated
ground samples. Because Aerogels are the only known transparent
insulator, with typical heat conduction properties that are five times
better than the next best alternative, a number of novel applications
are foreseen in high performance Aerogels.