Esteem 8 Software Crack Sites
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With the prevalence of the internet, there is growing attention on the impacts of social networking sites use among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between different types of online activities (i.e., information searching, social interaction and entertainment) and self-esteem. It examined whether the relationships vary across gender. One hundred and ninety-three students (57.5% males; Mage = 13.33, SDage = 1.58) participated in the present study. Unexpectedly, the associations between online activities and self-esteem were not significant (p > 0.05). Path analysis showed gender moderated the relationships between social interaction activities and self-esteem. Females reported higher levels of engagement in social interaction activities and self-esteem than their male counterparts. The present study shows the importance of assessing different types of online activities as a predictor for understanding the impact of social media use among adolescents.
With the advent of the Internet over a decade ago came the introduction of a new form of communication referred to as social networking. On-line social networking sites, such as Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter, have become increasingly popular and almost an integral part of everyday life, especially for college students. Approximately ninety percent of college students have a Facebook account, and it is estimated that the average amount of time spent on this social networking site ranges from thirty minutes to over two hours on a daily basis. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between on-line social networking sites, particularly Facebook, and the self-esteem levels of college students. According to past research, there appears to be a connection between more time spent online and a decline in face-to-face communication with family and peers, which leads to feelings of loneliness and depression (Chen & Lee, 2013). To test the effect Facebook interaction has on self-esteem, undergraduate students were asked to participate in an online, anonymous survey that consisted of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Body Esteem Scale, the Facebook Intensity Scale, and the Eating Attitudes Test-26. Data was analyzed using the bivariate correlation test and the independent samples T-test. The results of the data collection suggest that females spend more time on Facebook than males and have a larger amount of friends on Facebook than males. Results also indicated that females have lower body image satisfaction and a greater drive for thinness than males.
Social networking sites (SNS) are a popular form of communication among undergraduate students. Body image concerns and disordered eating behaviors are also quite prevalent among this population. Maladaptive use of SNS has been associated with disordered eating behaviors; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined if body image concerns (e.g., appearance and weight esteem) mediate the relationship between excessive time spent on SNS and disordered eating behaviors (restrained and emotional eating). The sample included 383 (70.2 percent female) undergraduate students (mean age = 23.08 years, standard deviation = 3.09) who completed self-report questionnaires related to SNS engagement, body image, disordered eating behaviors, and demographics. Parallel multiple mediation and moderated mediation analyses revealed that lower weight and appearance esteem mediated the relationship between excessive time on SNS and restrained eating for males and females, whereas appearance esteem mediated the relationship between excessive time on SNS and emotional eating for females only. The study adds to the literature by highlighting mediational pathways and gender differences. Intervention research is needed to determine if teaching undergraduate students more adaptive ways of using SNS or reducing exposure to SNS reduces body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in this high-risk population.
We tend to think of human bodies as simply products of nature. In reality, however, our bodies are also the products of culture. That is, all cultures around the world modify and reshape human bodies. This is accomplished through a vast variety of techniques and for many different reasons, including:
Certain body modification practices, such as neck elongation or tooth filing, may strike Americans as strange and exotic, we must realize that we modify our own bodies in countless ways. Dieting, body-building, tanning, ear piercing and cosmetic surgery have long been common in the United States, and practices such as tattooing, body piercing and scarification are becoming increasingly popular.
Body modification occurs across the globe today in various forms and for many reasons (Barker & Barker, 2002, p. 92). Examples of body modifications from around the world include nose piercing associated with Hinduism, neck elongation in Thailand and Africa, henna tattooing in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, tooth filing in Bali, lip piercing and earlobe stretching in Africa, and female and male circumcision in many areas of the world (Larkin 2004; Barker & Barker 2002; Bendle 2004).
While such restrictive corsetry has gone out of fashion, Western women and girls are now encouraged to discipline and control their bodies with other practices such as extreme dieting and punishing exercise regimes. In addition, both women and men in the US today are increasingly modifying their bodies through practices such as cosmetic surgery, body piercing, tattooing and tanning.
Body piercing has become increasingly popular and socially acceptable in the US in recent years. One recent study of American college students found that 60 percent of women and 42 percent of men were pierced (Kaatz, Elsner & Bauer 2008). Common piercing sites include the ears, nose, tongue, eyebrow, lip, nipple, navel and genitals, with the ear being the most common site for both males and females (Larkin 2004). While some engage in piercing for the sake of fashion, researchers report that for others, it is a way to take control of their bodies, especially after being violated. As one rape victim reported:
While not as common as piercing and tattooing, scarification is also an increasingly visible practice in the US today. Scarification, widely practiced as part of initiation and puberty rites in cultures throughout the world, involves the cutting (or sometimes burning) of the skin in ways designed to leave permanent scars. The scars often form intricate patterns across the skin.
Because scarification is a physically demanding (and painful) process, Jennings (2009) reports that in the US today it is often associated with sadomasochism and other subcultures that stress the experience itself as pleasurable, cleansing or transformative. If practiced as part of a group ritual, many participants report feeling a heightened sense of community, group membership and acceptance (Pitts 2000). Nonetheless, some practitioners also report feeling more vulnerable, even socially ostracized, by such permanent scarring (Pitts 2000).
Ideas about physical beauty not only vary a great deal from culture to culture, but also change over time. American views of suntanned skin have changed dramatically over the past century. In Victorian America, pale skin was the ideal. Women wore hats and gloves and carried parasols to shield their skin from the sun. At a time when many people still earned a living by laboring out of doors, a pale complexion was an indication of affluence and indoor work and leisure. By the late twentieth century, however, most people were earning a living indoors. So tanned skin became an indication of affluence, a sign that one had the time and money to lounge by the pool, play golf or tennis, or travel to tropical destinations.
As the suntan became associated with both health and wealth, even those without access to swimming pools and tropical vacations increasingly aspired to the new physical ideal. And the indoor tanning industry was born. Tanning is now a $5 billion dollar a year industry with some 40,000 tanning outlets nationwide (Looking Fit Magazine 2009).
The first aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal relationships between adolescents' use of social network sites (SNSs) and their social self-esteem. The second aim was to investigate whether the valence of the feedback that adolescents receive on SNSs can explain these relationships. We conducted a three-wave panel study among 852 pre- and early adolescents (10-15 years old). In line with earlier research, we found significant concurrent correlations between adolescents' SNS use and their social self-esteem in all three data waves. The longitudinal results only partly confirmed these concurrent findings: Adolescents' initial SNS use did not significantly influence their social self-esteem in subsequent years. In contrast, their initial social self-esteem consistently influenced their SNS use in subsequent years. The valence of online feedback from close friends and acquaintances explained the concurrent relationship between SNS use and social self-esteem, but not the longitudinal relationship. Results are discussed in terms of their methodological and theoretical implications.
This study investigates the effects of the social comparison orientation in social networking sites on psychological well-being. In particular, it examines the mediation effect of perceived social support and self-esteem in the relationship between social comparison orientation and psychological well-being. Data were collected through an online survey with 236 participants in South Korea. The results showed that social comparison orientation negatively influenced psychological well-being. In the relationship between social comparison orientation and psychological well-being, perceived social support had no mediation effect, self-esteem had a significant negative mediation effect, and perceived social support and self-esteem had a negative serial mediation effect. The social comparison orientation in social networking sites could elicit negative emotions, which decrease perceived social support, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future studies are discussed in detail.
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