The character of peatlands has the ability to store large amounts of water, but the surface of the peatlands dries quickly and easy to burn during the dry season. Research aims to build a model to estimate groundwater level of peatland. Statistical analysis of Karl Pearson Product Moment correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the back scatter values and the Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) values from the Sentinel-1 SAR data processing with the groundwater level values measured using the Sipalaga instrument. Regression analysis was used to determine the model that could be used to estimate the groundwater level of peatlands in the study area based on the results of Sentinel-1 SAR data processing. The results showed that the Sentinel-1 SAR data with the Sigma_0 format in decibel (db) units with VV polarization had the highest correlation value with the groundwater level data of peatlands measured using the Sipalaga instrument, with a value of r -0.648 (moderate correlation). Model to estimate water level of peatlands was Y = -101.629 + (-7.414 x), where 'Y' was the groundwater level of peatlands in the study area and 'x' was the Sentinel-1 SAR data with Sigma_0 format in decibel (db) units with VV polarization. The spatial and temporal patterns of peatlands groundwater level in the study area from Sentinel-1 SAR data showed peatlands that to survive at a water level
Lucknow: Ashfaq Saifi, the chairperson of the Uttar Pradesh State Minorities Commission, has written a letter to the state government, urging the latter to not bring down loudspeakers from mosques that follow the decibel limit.
Environmental quality standards for noise are regulated under MOEF Decree No. 48 of 1996 on Noise Quality Standards. This decree regulates the tolerable noise decibel levels for different designated areas. The details concerning noise levels are attached in its appendices, which consist of the Noise Quality Standard and Noise Level Measurement, Calculation and Evaluation. In the same vein, the vibration quality standards are regulated under MOEF Decree No. 49 of 1996 on Vibration Quality Standards. It regulates the tolerable threshold of vibrations based on possible damage, impact, safety and comfort, and shockwave level, and based on type of building and other similar criteria for vibrations. Finally, odour quality standards are regulated under MOEF Decree No. 50 of 1996 on Odor Quality Standards, which provides maximum permissible odour content in the air that does not interfere with human health and environmental comfort, covering both odour of single odorant and odour of mixed odorants.
The Jakarta Regulation limits protest demonstrations to three set locations: Parkir Timur Senayan, which is a sports complex; Alun Alun Demokrasi [Democracy Plaza], at the House of Representatives complex; and Silang Selatan [Southern Cross], a national monument. (Regulation, art. 4.) While the three places are in Central Jakarta, they are not commonly used sites for demonstrations, which more frequently take place in front of government offices. (Jakarta Limits Free Speech, supra.) In addition to limiting the places to be used for public protests, the Regulation specifies that the protests may take place only between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. (Regulation, art. 5). It also states that demonstrators must maintain the clean environment of the public facility they use, honor the human rights of other people, not exceed a 60-decibel noise limit, park vehicles in parking spaces, not form a parade or convoy, and not conduct trade. (Id. art. 6.)
Johnson, C. (2015) Indonesia: Jakarta Governor Issues Regulations on Demonstrations. [Web Page] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, -legal-monitor/2015-11-06/indonesia-jakarta-governor-issues-regulations-on-demonstrations/.
Bad environments (e.g., buildings and trees) that degrade the sky view of the GNSS antenna will reflect and refract satellite signals before arriving at the antenna57. The reflected and refracted signals are called multipath signals which will introduce carrier phase measurement errors and subsequently lead to a positioning error58. A simple approach to inspect the environments surrounding the antenna is by plotting the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values measured by the GNSS receivers59. The SNR, like the carrier phase measurement, is also impacted directly by multipath signals and hence can therefore be used as a proxy to assess the environments surrounding the GNSS antenna59,60. Low SNR values indicate a large tracking error59, meaning that multipath objects are present. We plot the SNR values using the L1 data recordings only. We do not use the L2 data due to its encrypted C/A code and the lack of civilian access to the P-code which affects the L2 SNR reliability59. We plot the SNR values as a function of azimuth and elevation angle, both in the time series and sky plot (Figure S1). The SNR plot shows that all the stations have SNR values greater than 30 decibels, indicating good environments surrounding the GNSS stations hence the negative velocities in the vertical component are robust.
Dilansir dari laman Instagram resmi AFF Suzuki Cup, rata-rata suara yang dihasilkan dari keriuhan penonton mencapai 94,2 decibel. Adapun suara paling berisik dihasilkan dari momen jeda babak pertama, yakni sebanyak 117,9 decibel.
Materials and methods: In five primary schools in a poor urban neighborhood in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, we screened pupils from class 1 to 6, for vision and hearing handicaps, following the WHO's definitions of handicap. On location in the primary schools, we screened vision using a Snellen chart and hearing using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Those with vision below 6/18 were referred to an ophthalmologist and pupils with hearing below 30 decibels at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kilohertz were referred to an ear nose and throat (ENT) specialist for final testing.
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