Pritam Fan Regulator

[Josefa Palsgrove]

Wehave designed a remote controlled fan regulator, which can be used to adjust the speed of the fan by using any kind of remote, most commonly, a TV remote. The device would allow a person to control the speed of a fan by simply pointing the remote towards a sensor and then pressing any key. Whereas there have been methods of controlling fan speed using other methods, like using the sound of clapping, our method is by far the cheapest and simplest.

Fan is an unavoidable electrical appliance in our day to day life. While the basic fan has evolved very little, the methods of controlling its speed have changed vastly, from bulky regulators using resistances, to the present day miniature solid state regulators.

In our paper, we have devised a method to control the fan using a remote. Though there have been ways to control speed using remote, the novelty of our method lies in the fact that any kind of remote can be used to control its speed.

For example, consider a TV remote. Just like the fan, a TV is also considered a basic necessity nowadays. And if there is a TV, there is a remote. This remote can used to control the fan speed. Thus it is a universal method.

Receiver Module: The receiver is made from a commonly available TSOP1738 IR receiver. It converts the IR signal into an electrical signal and is fed in the monostable multivibrator module. It needs a supply voltage of 4.5V-5.5V DC. However, since we use 9V DC on the board, we use a 5.1V Zener diode to bring the supply voltage to operable limits.

Monostable Multivibrator: Both the monostable multivibrators consist of the popular NE555 timer IC. They are wired in the monostable mode. Their function is to fire a single pulse, of known width, from their output when there is a trigger signal from the preceding blocks. While, for the first multivibrator, trigger is sent from the IR receiver, for the second multivibrator, trigger is sent from the Opto-coupler.

Counter Module: It consists of a CD4017 decade counter IC. It has one input pin, ten outputs pins from Q0 to Q9 and one reset pin. Here, we are using the outputs Q0 Q4, and shorting Q6 and reset pins. The outputs Q0 Q4 are routed to the threshold-discharge pins of the second multivibrator via a resistor and capacitor network. The resistances R5 R9 and the capacitance C5 fix the output pulse width of the multivibrator.

Opto-isolator: The main purpose of an Opto-isolator is to prevent high voltages or rapidly changing voltages on one side of the circuit from damaging components or distorting transmissions on the other side. In our project we use a MOC3021 opto-isolator IC to control the 230V AC voltage on the load using a low voltage signal from the second multivibrator. However, the two stages have a complete electrical isolation.

Opto-coupler: It is essentially an Opto-isolator, but functioning as a zero detector. It sends out pulses when it detects a zero crossing on the stepped down input 12V AC line. These pulses are used to trigger the second multivibrator. We use the opto-coupler IC MC2TE.

Triac module: We are using a BT136 triac to control the fan speed, using the MOC3021 Opto-isolator to trigger it. Since we do not have any beforehand experience of working with 230V AC, the application circuit is as directed by manufacturers on their datasheet with little modification.

Voltage Regulator: We need a low voltage for power supply to entire low voltage control circuit. We step down the 230V AC to 12V-0-12V using a centre tapped transformer. This voltage is rectified to DC and using a LM7809 IC, converted to 9V DC which is used to power the control circuitry.

When a key is pressed on the remote, an infrared pulse (typically in the range of 36 kHz) is emitted from the remote. The receiver module converts the IR pulse to an electrical signal, which is used to trigger the first monostable multivibrator.

The counter is a decade counter, using the CD4017. Out of the ten outputs of decade counter IC2 (Q0 through Q9), only five (Q0 through Q4) are used to control the fan. Q5 output is not used, while Q6 output is used to reset the counter.

As a pulse arrives at the clock input of the counter, the output changes from its present state to the next state, as illustrated in Figure 3. As the remote button are pressed, the counter output changes from (say,) Q0 to Q5. Now, when the remote button is pressed, the output changes to Q6. However, as Q6 and Reset pin is shorted on the IC, the output resets to Q0.

The pulse train is supplied to an Opto-isolator, MOC3021 (IC4). The MOC3021 drives the triac BT136. Resistor R13 and capacitor C7 combination is used as snubber network for the triac. The triac network ultimately drives the fan.

As keys are pressed on the remote, the output from CD4017 advances from Q0 to Q4. The width of the pulse from the second multivibrator decreases, firing angle of the triac increases and in turn the speed of the fan increases. Thus the speed of the fan increases when we press any button on the remote control. When the output of CD4017 is at Q5, there is no output and fan is turned off.

The circuit is powered by regulated 9V. The 230V AC is stepped down by transformer X1 to deliver a secondary output of 12V-0-12V. The transformer output is rectified by full-wave rectifier comprising diodes D1 and D2, filtered by capacitor C9 and regulated by LM7809 regulator to provide 9V regulated output.

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD: We have designed a prototype of our fan regulator on a printed circuit board. We have designed the layout in a software Eagle CAD and have used a solution of H202 + HCl in the ratio of 2:1 respectively for etching purpose.

Environmental Impact Assessment was a crucial step in PCB fabrication due to the use of Hydrogen Peroxide [H202] and Hydrochloric Acid [HCl] which are hazardous to some extent. Copper is also very harmful to the environment.

However, this is where the advantage of our etching solution comes into light. The H202 + HCl solution that we used was completely recyclable. During etching, as the etching power of the solution diminishes, the clear solution turns greenish. When the etching rate falls below acceptable rates, we simply add more H202 till the solution turns colourless, and we can etch again.

In case one does need to dispose the spent solution, it poses least problem. This is because of the low quality of commercial chemicals available in the local market. Their concentration is very low and if properly diluted, it can be properly disposed.

The net power consumption of the circuit is very low due to the usage of digital components in the main modules. The power components like the voltage regulator, SCR, Opto- isolator and Opto-coupler have very low thermal dissipation losses, which will help to increase the lifetime of the module.

IR radiation from remotes is designed to spread to large area. If the regulator sensor is placed near the television/AC, then the fan speed can be changed whenever the remote is pressed for controlling the other device.

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Fan regulators help control the speed of your fan and adjust it to suit your preferences. The regulator functions with the help of several wires with different resistances. You can add resistance by adjusting the knob and can reduce the fan voltage down to lower the fan speed as per your requirement. Hence, these ceiling fan regulators are essential as they conserve energy by controlling fan speed. This also helps control the costs of your electricity bill by adjusting the fan's speed. Below are the main fan regulator types:

A regulator of a fan is a tool that controls the speed of a fan. Without the regulator, the fan will move at a constant speed, making it difficult for the user to adjust the speed as per their preference. Here are some benefits of using a fan regulator:

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A fan regulator consists of a spool of wire with varied resistance amounts. When the knob of a fan is set at a specific position, a certain resistance is included in series with the fan. A series connection suggests that the resistance is in line with the fan. This reduces the voltage drop across the fan and its speed to your desired level. The greater the resistance, the higher the voltage drop across it, and that lowers the speed of the fan.

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