A lone wolf is someone who conducts armed attacks alone using disparate means for ideological, social, psychological, or even pathological reasons, without any clear ties to any group or any direct connection to a network in the target land.
There are two types of lone wolves, although there can be significant overlap. The first type is driven by psychological factors. This wolf suffers from family, job, or society-related challenges, pushing him to release his negative energy toward others. To relieve the grievances, which he perceives as leading to this dissatisfaction, he takes revenge on his surroundings until his issues becomes known, while seeking personal fame at the same time. The second type of lone wolf terrorist is more common and more dangerous, because he is motivated by ideological or nationalist sentiments.
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A new 62 page ISIS 'guidebook' has been published on the internet aimed at instructing lone wolf terrorists on the best places and methods for planning terror attacks, setting up terror cells and avoiding detection.
Jihadis in the West are advised to study and copy the sleeper-cell tactics used by Iraqi insurgents. They should start with lone-wolf attacks to inspire others to join the cause. As more people join the cause, the jihad will shift toward using sleeper cells and ultimately morph into an insurgent army.
At the beginning of his speech, Abu Khuroson al-Mujohid noted that there are three reasons for the resumption of the ISIS lone wolf attacks on Europe and the United States. The first reason is aimed at protecting the global Muslim Ummah. He elaborates theological arguments from the Quran and Hadith, justifying the killing of Kafirs (infidels) in the Dar al-Kufr (land of disbelief) by ISIS Mujahideen. He argues that the Quran allows the killing of American and European Kafirs on their territory with any weapon, but without reference to a specific Surah or Ayah. In his own time, the Prophet Muhammad killed the enemies of Islam on their territory of Dar al-Kufr, sending his faithful followers there to carry out a combat mission, he said.
He advised ISIS supporters not to hesitate to kill even elderly women in the West, as it has the same psychological explosive effect as killing thousands of Kafir soldiers on the battlefield. By killing an old woman in Dar al-Kufr, ISIS can ignite the fire of Fitna (heretical uprising) among unbelievers because its lone-wolf attacks will certainly sow fear, doubt and chaos in the U.S. and Europe. Kafirs cannot hide information; as a consequence, 300 million Americans and 60 million French will be under stress that day, cowardly looking over their shoulder, going crazy with fear, al-Mujohid explained the ISIS plan.
In conclusion, he expressed confidence that very soon the ISIS Mujahideen lone-wolf attacks against the U.S. and Europe would intensify. He asked the Almighty to increase the ranks of the warriors of Allah, who want to attack the Kafirs of the West.
Thus, the call of Abu Khuroson al-Mujohid, the key ideologue of the Uzbek-speaking ISKP jihadists, is a strategic guide for their lone-wolf terrorists living in the West. While he did not offer tactic tutorials on the methods of lone-wolf attacks, as ISIS and al-Qaeda have in the past, nevertheless he has made clear that elderly women are potential victims, perhaps believing they are more defenseless than men.
It became clear from his audio messages that ISIS seeks to achieve a loud intimidating effect from its lone-wolf terror attacks to instill a sense of fear amongst U.S. and European inhabitants, and the number of victims plays a secondary role.
Like its predecessors, MITW attempts to induct the reader into an imagined community of Muslims globally who have been persecuted, whose children have been killed and whose women have been raped. The justification for inciting lone-wolf attacks is to seek revenge and retaliation for fellow Muslim brethren who have been persecuted.
Current federal law prohibits nine categories of dangerous people from purchasing or owning firearms. However, a significant gap allows suspected or known terrorists in the United States to legally buy guns. With the ever-present threat of lone-wolf and homegrown terrorists perpetrating attacks on American soil, it is important to close this gap in order to prevent known terror suspects from easily purchasing guns.
A growing concern for U.S. national security experts is the risk posed by Americans traveling abroad to train and fight alongside groups such as the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, or ISIS, and then returning to launch an attack in the United States. The U.S. intelligence and law enforcement communities are already facing significant challenges in combating this threat, which is amplified by the ability of lone-wolf terror suspects to legally purchase guns upon their return to the United States.
Vehicle attacks can be carried out by lone-wolf terrorists who are inspired by an ideology but who are not working within a specific political movement or group.[16] Writing for The Daily Beast, Jacob Siegel suggests that the perpetrator of the 2014 Couture-Rouleau attack may be "the kind of terrorist the West could be seeing a lot more of in the future", a kind that he describes, following Brian Jenkins of the Rand Corporation, as "stray dogs", rather than lone wolves, characterizing them as "misfits" who are "moved from seething anger to spontaneous deadly action" by exposure to Islamist propaganda.[17] A 2014 propaganda video by ISIL encouraged French sympathizers to use cars to run down civilians.[18]
Jamie Bartlett, who heads the Violence and Extremism Program at Demos, a British think tank, explains that "the internet in the last few years has both increased the possibilities and the likelihood of lone-wolf terrorism", supplying isolated individuals with ideological motivation and technique.[19] For authorities in Western countries, the difficulty is that even in a case like that of the perpetrator of the 2014 Couture-Rouleau attack, where Canadian police had identified the attacker, taken away his passport, and were working with his family and community to steer him away from jihad, vehicle attacks can be hard to prevent because, "it's very difficult to know exactly what an individual is planning to do before a crime is committed. We cannot arrest someone for thinking radical thoughts; it's not a crime in Canada."[19][20]
According to Stratfor, the American global intelligence firm, "while not thus far as deadly as suicide bombing", this tactic could prove more difficult to prevent. No single group has claimed responsibility for the incidents.[4][clarification needed] Experts see a saving grace in the ignorance and incompetence of most lone-wolf terrorists, who often manage to murder very few people.[19]
The shooting by Hasan threw Al-Qaeda leaders, its main media outlets, and its followers online into paroxysms of ecstasy; as a U.S. Army serviceman carrying out a lone-wolf attack against other U.S. servicemen, he has been lionized by prominent jihadis of all stripes. Al-Awlaki called him a "hero" and a "man of conscience"; American Al-Qaeda spokesman Adam Gadahn characterized him as a "pioneer, a trailblazer, and a role model"; Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and its leaders praised him as a "hero" and an "heroic fighter," and the Taliban called him "courageous." The attack itself was termed "heroic" by Al-Qaeda's American spokesman Adam Gadahn, Al-Awlaki, and others.
On February 10, 2012, Shumoukh Al-Islam jihadi forum member "Abu Asma' Al-Cubi" ("the Cuban") posted an article on the forum detailing how Muslims living in the West, particularly in the U.S., can aid the global jihadi movement and can weaken the U.S. from within.[16] In it, he called the November 2009 attack by Fort Hood shooter Maj. Nidal Hasan a model for lone wolf attacks inside the U.S., and added that such attacks are entirely possible despite the U.S.'s alleged intelligence superiority.
On March 9, 2012, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan's (IMU) media company Jundullah Studios released an audio message from its German spokesman, Yassin Chouka, also known as Abu Ibrahim Al-Almani, in which he praised noted "lone-wolf" attackers and called upon Muslims living in the West to emulate them. Abu Ibrahim is a wanted international terrorist wanted by the U.S. under Executive Order 13324. In the message, titled "Yes, We Are Terrorists!" Abu Ibrahim vowed to kill all those serving Obama's interests, and proudly identified himself and like-minded members of the global jihad movement as terrorists, taking pride in their terrorization of the West in the decade since 9/11. He encouraged Muslims living in the West to carry out attacks against "the infidels," as there was no religious justification for living in their lands other than carrying out such actions.[18]
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