Cnc Controller

[Olivie Inoue]

Thedata processor processes personal data only on behalf of the controller. The data processor is usually a third party external to the company. However, in the case of groups of undertakings, one undertaking may act as processor for another undertaking.

The duties of the processor towards the controller must be specified in a contract or another legal act. For example, the contract must indicate what happens to the personal data once the contract is terminated. A typical activity of processors is offering IT solutions, including cloud storage. The data processor may only sub-contract a part of its task to another processor or appoint a joint processor when it has received prior written authorisation from the data controller.

When you set the temperature, that's telling the thermostatabout your desired state. The actual room temperature is thecurrent state. The thermostat acts to bring the current statecloser to the desired state, by turning equipment on or off.

A controller tracks at least one Kubernetes resource type.These objectshave a spec field that represents the desired state. Thecontroller(s) for that resource are responsible for making the currentstate come closer to that desired state.

When the Job controller sees a new task it makes sure that, somewherein your cluster, the kubelets on a set of Nodes are running the rightnumber of Pods to get the work done.The Job controller does not run any Pods or containersitself. Instead, the Job controller tells the API server to create or removePods.Other components in thecontrol planeact on the new information (there are new Pods to schedule and run),and eventually the work is done.

After you create a new Job, the desired state is for that Job to be completed.The Job controller makes the current state for that Job be nearer to yourdesired state: creating Pods that do the work you wanted for that Job, so thatthe Job is closer to completion.

The important point here is that the controller makes some changes to bring aboutyour desired state, and then reports the current state back to your cluster's API server.Other control loops can observe that reported data and take their own actions.

In the thermostat example, if the room is very cold then a different controllermight also turn on a frost protection heater. With Kubernetes clusters, the controlplane indirectly works with IP address management tools, storage services,cloud provider APIs, and other services byextending Kubernetes to implement that.

As a tenet of its design, Kubernetes uses lots of controllers that each managea particular aspect of cluster state. Most commonly, a particular control loop(controller) uses one kind of resource as its desired state, and has a differentkind of resource that it manages to make that desired state happen. For example,a controller for Jobs tracks Job objects (to discover new work) and Pod objects(to run the Jobs, and then to see when the work is finished). In this casesomething else creates the Jobs, whereas the Job controller creates Pods.

There can be several controllers that create or update the same kind of object.Behind the scenes, Kubernetes controllers make sure that they only pay attentionto the resources linked to their controlling resource.

For example, you can have Deployments and Jobs; these both create Pods.The Job controller does not delete the Pods that your Deployment created,because there is information (labels)the controllers can use to tell those Pods apart.

The Deployment controller and Job controller are examples of controllers thatcome as part of Kubernetes itself ("built-in" controllers).Kubernetes lets you run a resilient control plane, so that if any of the built-incontrollers were to fail, another part of the control plane will take over the work.

You can find controllers that run outside the control plane, to extend Kubernetes.Or, if you want, you can write a new controller yourself.You can run your own controller as a set of Pods,or externally to Kubernetes. What fits best will depend on what that particularcontroller does.

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Action Controller is the C in MVC. After the router has determined which controller to use for a request, the controller is responsible for making sense of the request and producing the appropriate output. Luckily, Action Controller does most of the groundwork for you and uses smart conventions to make this as straightforward as possible.

For most conventional RESTful applications, the controller will receive the request (this is invisible to you as the developer), fetch or save data from a model, and use a view to create HTML output. If your controller needs to do things a little differently, that's not a problem, this is just the most common way for a controller to work.

A controller can thus be thought of as a middleman between models and views. It makes the model data available to the view, so it can display that data to the user, and it saves or updates user data to the model.

The naming convention of controllers in Rails favors pluralization of the last word in the controller's name, although it is not strictly required (e.g. ApplicationController). For example, ClientsController is preferable to ClientController, SiteAdminsController is preferable to SiteAdminController or SitesAdminsController, and so on.

Following this convention will allow you to use the default route generators (e.g. resources, etc) without needing to qualify each :path or :controller, and will keep named route helpers' usage consistent throughout your application. See Layouts and Rendering Guide for more details.

A controller is a Ruby class which inherits from ApplicationController and has methods just like any other class. When your application receives a request, the routing will determine which controller and action to run, then Rails creates an instance of that controller and runs the method with the same name as the action.

As an example, if a user goes to /clients/new in your application to add a new client, Rails will create an instance of ClientsController and call its new method. Note that the empty method from the example above would work just fine because Rails will by default render the new.html.erb view unless the action says otherwise. By creating a new Client, the new method can make a @client instance variable accessible in the view:

ApplicationController inherits from ActionController::Base, which defines a number of helpful methods. This guide will cover some of these, but if you're curious to see what's in there, you can see all of them in the API documentation or in the source itself.

Only public methods are callable as actions. It is a best practice to lower the visibility of methods (with private or protected) which are not intended to be actions, like auxiliary methods or filters.

Some method names are reserved by Action Controller. Accidentally redefining them as actions, or even as auxiliary methods, could result in SystemStackError. If you limit your controllers to only RESTful Resource Routing actions you should not need to worry about this.

You will probably want to access data sent in by the user or other parameters in your controller actions. There are two kinds of parameters possible in a web application. The first are parameters that are sent as part of the URL, called query string parameters. The query string is everything after "?" in the URL. The second type of parameter is usually referred to as POST data. This information usually comes from an HTML form which has been filled in by the user. It's called POST data because it can only be sent as part of an HTTP POST request. Rails does not make any distinction between query string parameters and POST parameters, and both are available in the params hash in your controller:

The actual URL in this example will be encoded as "/clients?ids%5b%5d=1&ids%5b%5d=2&ids%5b%5d=3" as the "[" and "]" characters are not allowed in URLs. Most of the time you don't have to worry about this because the browser will encode it for you, and Rails will decode it automatically, but if you ever find yourself having to send those requests to the server manually you should keep this in mind.

If your application exposes an API, you are likely to be accepting parameters in JSON format. If the "Content-Type" header of your request is set to "application/json", Rails will automatically load your parameters into the params hash, which you can access as you would normally.

Also, if you've turned on config.wrap_parameters in your initializer or called wrap_parameters in your controller, you can safely omit the root element in the JSON parameter. In this case, the parameters will be cloned and wrapped with a key chosen based on your controller's name. So the above JSON request can be written as:

The params hash will always contain the :controller and :action keys, but you should use the methods controller_name and action_name instead to access these values. Any other parameters defined by the routing, such as :id, will also be available. As an example, consider a listing of clients where the list can show either active or inactive clients. We can add a route that captures the :status parameter in a "pretty" URL:

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