On 2/14/2021 11:09 AM, a425couple wrote:
> Some interesting reminders here:
>
> from
>
https://www.quora.com/How-close-were-Germany-and-Japan-to-developing-their-own-nuclear-weapons
>
> James Welch, lives in Orange County, CA (2008-present)
> Answered February 7
> Originally Answered: How close was Germany and Japan to develope their
> own nuclear weapons?
> Not close at all.
>
> Neither Japan nor Germany had the following:
>
> A team of scientists—nuclear physicists, chemists, mathematicians,
> explosive experts, and others—who, just from knowing about uranium
> fission, could work out how to make a nuclear bomb. Hell, they didn’t
> even get a working reactor!
>
> The funds to make this possible. Remember, it took $2,000,000,000 1945
> American dollars to build the first 4 nukes (Trinity, Little Boy, Fat
> Man, and “the demon core”).
> Big snip -----
A different Quora that is interesting ---
Neal Scroggs
Mon
A Most Viewed Writer on World War II.
Were the German attempts at an atomic weapon during WW2 deliberately
foiled? If so, by who?
Werner Heisenberg, the lead scientist in Germany’s uranium studies met
with Niels Bohr in Copenhagen in 1941. Denmark was under Nazi occupation
and Bohr, a scientist with Jewish heritage, was himself under Gestapo
surveillance. The two men held their meeting in a public park as far
from listening ears as possible.
The subject of their conversation remained secret until 2002 when the
Bohr family released several unsent letters from Bohr to Heisenberg
which referenced their 1941 meeting. The letters reveal Bohr’s
interpretation of their discussion. He believed that Heisenberg had come
to Denmark to enlist Bohr’s aid in his research. Bohr wrote about
Heisenberg’s boasting about Germany’s inevitable victory and his own
ability to build a weapon based on nuclear fission. If those letters are
accurate and Bohr’s opinion about Heisenberg’s motives for that 1941
meeting is trustworthy, it means that Heisenberg’s postwar interviews
with American physicists connected with the Manhattan Project consisted
of several lies and obfuscations.
Heisenburg was one of many German scientists and technicians rounded up
in Operation Paperclip. The Americans were interested in learning as
much as possible about German efforts to create an atomic bomb, and how
valuable their work and knowledge might be to Stalin. Heisenberg told
the Americans that he never seriously worked on the National Socialist
Bomb, that his research was intended to deceive Nazi authorities into
believing that progress toward a weapon was being made.
When the Manhatten Project scientist studied Heisenberg’s notes it
became clear that his estimation of the critical mass of U-235 was too
great by a factor of ten. This meant that if the German reactor located
in Haigerloch, a small town in the Swabian Alps, had ever been allowed
to power up to what was deemed to be its maximum safe output, the
contraption would have exploded, killing everyone for hundreds of meters
around, and would have created a mini-Chernobyl in southwestern Germany.
According to the postwar interview transcript, Heisenberg never
indicated that he knew his criticality computations were faulty. It is
not inconsistent that Heisenberg’s claim that his efforts to build a
Nazi Bomb were a shame and that he could be unaware of his potentially
disastrous reactor design. Both could be true. However, the Bohr letters
strongly suggest Werner Heisenberg was being deceptive when he claimed
his experiments were intended to mollify Hitler regarding his demand for
an ultimate weapon rather than actually creating one.
11.1K views65 upvotes2 shares5 comments
2.3K viewsView 23 upvotes
Gavin Tabor
9h ago
For an interesting take on this, go and see the play ‘Copenhagen ‘ by
Freyn (IIRC). There is a TV adaptation of this. Its a dramatisation of
the events surrounding Bohr and Heisenbergs meeting and speculation
about Heisenbergs true motives.
Lloyd Willey
12h ago
Nice. Interesting tale. One might be tempted to think Heisenberg wanted
a cover story in case Bohr was, shall we say, examined, by the Gestapo.
I bet he wished he’d thought of that. We’ll never know the true story, I
suspect.
Kevin Bryant
16h ago
What an extremely interesting answer.
Hat tip to you
Neal Scroggs
13h ago
Thank you. I apologize for the numerous typos. Sometimes it takes
several hours before I can see my errors. I think I’ve corrected them all.
ALSO
Mats Andersson, Visted 24 European countries
Answered March 24
In a way, yes.
They were foiled by the Nazi way of creating organisations.
The Nazis were fundamentally unable to organise something like the
Manhattan Project. Their way of doing things was to create two
organisations that had to fight each other; this ensured that no one
could get powerful enough to challenge the level above.
This is fundamental to the Leadership Principle, which was the leading
management theory at the time—a bit like ISO of the 1930s. The basic
idea is that every decision should be taken at the appropriate level,
and those at lower levels should never question or challenge an
instruction from above, since this is simply inefficient. And the lower
levels should also be subject to competition from within the
organisation; the competition would keep them efficient. (Many US
companies are actually still run this way.)
It is better known under the German name, the Führerprinzip.
It doesn’t work.
They did keep a number of German physicists and others who were involved
in the German nuclear program in a house with hidden cameras for a few
months, from the German surrender and until a bit after the Japanese
surrender, and they all agreed that Nazi Germany would have been
completely organisationally incompetent to make a nuclear weapon.
It is also quite certain that some of those involved didn’t do their
best job ever on this project. Niels Bohr, Danish Nobel Prize laureate
who was drafted into the project, is often mentioned. It has never been
established whether he deliberately failed, or whether he was simply
seriously unenthusiastic, but it remains a fact that the work he did on
the German nuclear program was definitely not up to his usual standards.
It was extraordinarily slow and contained errors.
ALSO
Richard Hardy, MSc. from University of Manchester (1977)
Answered March 25
I think that the Norwegian Heavy-Water pathway was a sideshow that
wasted many Norwegian civilians’ lives.
Werner Heisenberg - Nobel prize winner and put in charge of building a
nuclear bomb for Germany - told Hitler that such a bomb would need a ton
weight of Uranium 235. The Actual amount was a pound weight/about 1/2Kg.
After the war Heisenberg wrote a book saying that he deliberately made
the miscalculation - it was a schoolchild level mistake.But not every
nuclear scientist who knew him, believed him.
Several Ironies: Hitler was sitting on huge deposits of Uranium in
Czechoslovakia;he had expelled most of his best nuclear scientists
because they were Jews, who went to America and actually succeeded in
building the bombs - but not in time to use on Germany;the Americans had
some, but not enough uranium.So had the Germans.At the end of the WW2
Hitler ordered a new larger and longer distance U boat to take German
high technology inventions to Japan.Admiral Doenitz succeeded Hitler and
ordered all German vessels on the high seas to surrender.On board the
special U boat were two Japanese scientists who then went to their bunks
to lie down and take Lethal pills. The German Captain saw a British
warship through his periscope, but hated the idea of surrendering to the
British. Then he saw a Canadian warship, so he surfaced and
surrendered.At the Canadian port (I think it was Halifax) the Canadians
were going through the U boat’s cargo when they found the German
uranium- which was more than the Americans had.
When the German Uranium was added to the amount that the Americans had,
it was enough to build the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima. The bomb
that was dropped on Nagasaki was a completely different type of Nuclear
bomb made from Plutonium.
118 viewsView 1 upvote · Answer requested by Scott Webb
Philip Gardocki
Mon
Are you saying the Hiroshima bomb, was built using German Uranium? Is
there a source for this?