On instructions for artists in the middle ages.
Edgar De Blieck
(see my other current posting in the medieval hygiene thread), I came across
the following section of instruction in the appropriate icons for paintings.
I have seen one or two other examples of this sort of thing, and I was
wondering if the learned minds here could contribute others?
HOW TO REPRESENT THE ARTS AND SCIENCES:
Early Fifteenth Century
SEVEN noble pictures of the seven liberal and mechanical arts, theology, and
medicine with the most excellent sentences of the philosophers.
? A bearded man in a cap: Tully [Cicero]. "It is for philosophy to
investigate the causes of all human and divine things." This in the book on
utility.
? Rhetoric. The image of a woman, having in her hands sprays of flowers.
? Logic. The image of a woman standing, having a lectern before her and an
open book in which she writes.
? Fourth, Grammar. The image of a beautiful woman, having a branch in one
hand and a wand in the other, and she is standing.
? Fifth, Philosophy, mistress of the sciences. The image of a Woman dressed
in enough garments, sitting, having a sceptre in her left hand and before
her a lectern with an open book, on which is placed her right hand.
? Seneca. The image of an antique man. "Philosophy forms and moulds the
soul, orders life, rules the emotions, shows what things are to be done and
what omitted." . . .
In accordance with the threefold philosophy, namely, rational, natural, and
moral, the threefold science of speaking arose, namely, of the suitable, the
true, and the ornamental. Of appropriate speaking is Grammar, of true
speaking is Logic, of ornamental speaking is Rhetoric.
The first of these says: "I write perfectly; what I have written I convey
rightly."
The second says in truth: 'I teach how to distinguish clearly the true from
the false."
The third boasts thus: "I offer the means of teaching with the flower of
eloquence."
Now this is the trivium.
The quadrivium is made up of mathematical subjects, that is Arithmetic,
Music, Geometry and Astronomy.
Arithmetic is the science of numbers. It is named from "Ares," which is
courage and "rismus," number.
Music is the division of sounds and the variety of voices, which derives its
name from water. Geometry is the fount of speaking and the origin of
expressions and explains the measure of the earth. Astronomy is the
discipline investigating space, motion, and the return of the celestial
bodies at certain times. On this, Hugh [of St. Victor]. . . .
These are the things which are pictured and written
on one part of the wall.
On the other wall, on one side one old man. The first one has this verse:
"It seems to me the first effort must be given to the arts, where lie the
foundations of all, and pure and simple truth is revealed." This, Hugh in
the Didascalicon. The second old man from the other side speaks thus: "The
glory of any kingdom whatsoever grows to immense splendour where the studies
of the liberal arts flourish." This, Alexander [of Neckam] in De naturis
rerum.
The image of a woman, having a book in her right hand and with her left she
points with her forefinger to the stars of heaven. And it has written above:
Astronomy
The second image is similarly a woman in the garb of a virgin having a
circle in her right hand and a triangle in her left, and it has written
above: Geometry
The third, Music. A woman adorned sufficiently, singing to a zither.
The fourth, Arithmetic. A woman, having in her hand a tablet with numbers.
Below these images is found this saying: 'Among all the men of ancient
authority," etc. These are said in the arithmetic of the venerable Boethius,
first chapter. On the other part of the wall is depicted a storeroom with
boxes, in which an apothecary pounds a mortar. Also an old doctor of grave
countenance with all propriety is taking the pulse of a pretty woman. Also a
sick man lying in bed, in front of whom stands a beautiful girl having a fan
in one hand, in the other holding out a vessel to the sick man so that he
may drink. Near her stands a respectable matron who is weeping. Also a young
doctor examining urine.
St. Cosmas on the right side with a box in one hand and with a crown on his
head.
St. Damian similarly on the left side.
In the middle is an image of a pretty woman, sitting on a high seat, a
lectern with an open book, holding her right hand on the book, in her left a
box, a crown on her head, a verse above her: Medicine.
At the sides on the right near St. Cosmas, Avicenna, holding in his hand the
definition of medicine, in the first canon, on the other side near and
behind St. Damian, Johannicius, saying in verse: "Medicine is divided into
two parts, as in Johannicius, etc."
THE ART OF WRITING
The image of a little old man, sitting, having in his right hand a strainer
and in the other an open written book.
Two are disputing at the same time, between whom stands written: Sophists.
The image of a school teacher, having a rod in one hand and a branch in the
other; before him sit his pupils. Also a scribe writing.
Also a smith, having a book in one hand, in the other
a pair of tongs and a hammer.
SACRED THEOLOGY
The image of a very beautiful woman, sitting on a throne, a royal crown on
her head, under which is the fillet of a bishop, having a sceptre in the
right hand, an apple in the left, with flowing hair, a book before her lying
open on a lectern.
St. Gregory sits on a throne, a book lying open on the lectern, a long staff
with a cross in the other hand.
St. Jerome, shown as a cardinal, sitting on a bishop's chair, writing on a
book lying on a lectern. In the other hand he holds an open book on his lap.
St. Ambrose and St. Augustine, in the guise of bishops.
These four doctors are located in the four corners, a woman in the middle;
behind the doctors stand, in one part a cardinal with certain monks, in the
other a bishop in a chasuble, likewise accompanied by certain monks and
students, having books in their hands.
Below, under the queen is depicted a fountain in a greensward, surrounded by
a wall, from which come rivulets watering the greensward, above which is the
verse: "Theology is the source and origin of all virtues."
Two very beautiful images in the guise of women are depicted, who sit
together in a high and elevated place, grasping each other's hands. The one
on the left, in truth, holds a sceptre. On their heads they wear golden
crowns. the one on the right has the moon under her feet and there stands
written: Civil Law. The one on the left has the sun under her feet and there
is written: Canon Law. Standing around are teachers in doctoral and black
gowns, old and young, birettas on their heads, suitably clad in long robes.
In the first place are two figures, placed before the others, on each side
of those; each has an apple in his right hand and a closed book in the left.
FROM:
Quellenbuch zur Kunstgeschichte, J. Schlosser, ed.; trans. James Bruce Ross.
Edgar De Blieck
bibliography lift of Anthologies of Sources & Documents:
------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: Medieval and Renaissance treatises on the arts of painting : original
texts with English translations / Mary P. Merrifield.
Uniform title: Original treatises dating from the XIIth to XVIIIth centuries
on the arts of painting, in oil, miniature, mosaic, and on glass
Author: Merrifield, Mary P. (Mary Philadelphia), 1804 or 5-1889.
Call number: ND1130.O747 1999
Published: Mineola, N.Y. : Dover Publications, 1999.
Subject: Painting -- Early works to 1800.
Painting -- Technique.
Artists' materials.
Material: cccxii, 918 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Notes: Originally published: Original treatises dating from the XIIth to
XVIIIth centuries on the arts of painting, in oil, miniature, mosaic, and on
glass. London : J. Murray, 1849 in 2 vols.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Text in English and original languages: French, Italian, Latin, and Spanish.
LC Card no: 98048799
ISBN: 0486404404 (pbk.)
==================
Title: Quellenbuch zur Kunstgeschichte des abendländlichen Mittelalters /
Julius von Schlosser. --
Author: Schlosser, Julius, Ritter von, 1866-1938.
Call number: N5970.S4 1896A
Published: Hildesheim ; New York : Georg Olms, 1976.
Subject: Art, Medieval -- History -- Sources.
Series: Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte und Kunsttechnik des
Mittelalters und der Neuzeit ; n.F., Bd. 7
Material: xxiv, 406, [1] p. : ill. ; 19 cm. --
Notes: Reprint of 1896 edition (Wien, Carl Graeser).
Bibliography: p. [407]
Includes index.
ISBN: 3487058405
=============
Title: Recueil de textes relatifs à l'histoire de l'architecture et à la
condition des architectes en France, au moyen âge, XIe-XIIe siècles;
Author: Mortet, Victor, 1855-1914,
Call number: NA1043.M6 1911
Published: Paris, A. Pickard et fils, 1911.
Subject: Architecture -- France -- History.
Architects -- France
Series: Collection de textes pour servir à létude et à l'enseignement de
l'histoire ; v. 44
Material: lxv, 513 p., 1 l. 23 cm.
================
Title: Lateinische Schriftquellen zur Kunst in England, Wales und
Schottland, vom Jahre 901 bis zum Jahre 1307 / Otto Lehmann-Brockhaus. --
Author: Lehmann-Brockhaus, 1909-
Call number: N6762.L4 1955
Published: München [i.e. Munich] : Prestel, 1955-1960.
Subject: Art -- Great Britain -- History -- Sources.
Series: Veröffentlichungen des Zentralinstituts für Kunstgeschichte in
München 1.
Material: 5 v. --
==============
Title: Gothic art 1140-c. 1450; sources and documents [by] Teresa G. Frisch.
Author: Frisch, Teresa Grace.
Call number: N6310.F7 1971
Published: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall [1971]
Subject: Art, Gothic -- History -- Sources.
Art, Medieval -- Sources.
Series: Sources and documents in the history of art series
Material: x, 181 p. front. 23 cm.
Notes: Bibliography: p. 171-176.
LC Card no: 77135403 //r96
ISBN: 0133605450
===============
Title: Elements of art historiography in medieval texts; an analytic study.
Translated from the Dutch by D. Aalders.
Author: Grinten, Evert F. van der. 1920-
Call number: N7480.G75 1969
Published: The Hague, M. Nijhoff, 1969.
Subject: Art -- Historiography
Art -- Terminology.
Material: 152 p. 20 cm.
===============
Title: A documentary history of art.
Author: Holt, Elizabeth Basye (Gilmore) ed.
Call number: N5303.H762
Published: Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1957-
Edition: [2d ed.]
Subject: Art -- History -- Sources.
Series: Doubleday anchor books, A114a, 114b
Material: v. illus. 19 cm.
Notes: Expansion and revision of the editor's Literary sources of art
history, published in 1947.
v. 1. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance.--v. 2. Michelangelo and the
Mannerists, the baroque, and the eighteenth century.
==================
Title: The art of the Byzantine Empire, 312-1453; sources and documents [by]
Cyril Mango.
Author: Mango, Cyril A., comp.
Call number: N6250.M25 1972
Published: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall [1972]
Subject: Art, Byzantine -- History -- Sources.
Series: Sources and documents in the history of art series
Material: xvi, 272 p. front. 23 cm.
Notes: Bibliography: p. 260.
LC Card no: 72000380
ISBN: 0130470279
================
Edgar De Blieck
http://www.english.uiuc.edu/wright/Iconbib.htm
EDEB
Bibliographies and Dictionaries of Symbols:
Manfred Lurker et al., ed., Bibliographie zur Symbolik, Ikonographie und
Mythologie, 28 to vols. to date (Baden-Baden, 1968- ). 016.80991 B47 STX.
Manfred Lurker, Bibliographie zur Symbolkunde, 3 vols. (Baden-Baden,
1964-68). 016.3983 L97b STX. Cumulative indices of authors and subjects in
vol. 3.
Manfred Lurker, ed., Wörterbuch der Symbolik (Stuttgart, 1979). 809.915 W898
STX.
Gérard de Champeaux and Sébastian Sterckx, Introduction au monde des
symboles (Paris, 1966). 704.9482C35i STX. Christian iconography of the
Romanesque period.
Jean Chevalier and Alain Gheerbrant, ed., A Dictionary of Symbols, trans.
John Buchanan-Brown (Cambridge, MA, 1994). 302.222 C427D:E REX.
Dorothea Forsnter, Die Welt der Symbole, 2nd ed. (Munich, 1967). 246F77w
1967 STX.
J. Kreuser, Christliche Symbolik (Brixen, 1868). 220.3 K88c STX.
Alphabetical entries, many with reference to patristic sources.
Bibliographies of Iconography:
John B. Friedman and Jessica Wegmann, Medieval Iconography: A Research Guide
(New York, 1998). 016.700902 F914M MLR. Extensive coverage of medieval art
and visual imagery.
Roelof van Stratten, An Introduction to Iconograpy, trans. Patricia de Man
(Yverdon, Switzerland, 1994). 704.9 ST82I:E1994 ARR. Each chapter lists
selected reference works; see especially ch. 6, "Iconographic Handbooks and
Photo Archives."
H. van de Waal, Iconclass: An Iconographic Classification System, completed
and edited by L. D. Couprie et al., 9 vols. (Amsterdam, 1980- ). 025.467
W154I ARR. Subdivided in 9 parts, each with 2 sections (System and
Bibliography): 1 Religion and Magic, 2 Nature, 3 Human Being, Man in
General, 4 Society, Civilization, Culture, 5 Abstract Ideas and Concepts, 6
History, 7 Bible, 8 Literature, 9 Classical Mythology and Ancient History.
Cumulative alphabetical index. 025.467 W154i. Available in electronic form
as described in the web site.
See also Kaske, Medieval Christian Literary Imagery, pp. 91-103; Berlioz,
Identifier sources et citations, pp. 259-77.
Serial Bibliographies of Art History:
Bibliography of the History of Art (BHA) (1991-). Merges RAA and RILA
(below). CD-ROM version available in the Art & Architecture Library.
Répertoire d'art et d'archéologie (de l'époque paléochrétienne à 1939)
(Paris, 1910-91). A.700 R298 REX. Section on the Middle Ages includes
references to medieval iconography with brief annotations; see subject index
s.v. iconographie. CD-ROM version contains records from 1973 to 1989.
RILA. International Repertory of the Literature of Art. A Bibliographic
Service of the Getty Art History Information Program (1975-91). 016.7 In82r
REF. Annotated entries on Medieval Art; author and subject indices (s.v.
"iconography"). The CD-ROM version contains records from 1975-1989.
Wilson Art Abstracts (via OVID; UIUC access only).
Encyclopedias of Art:
The Dictionary of Art, gen. ed. Jane Turner, 34 vols. (New York, 1996).
703D5612 REX.
Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale (Rome, 1991- ). Q.709.0203En16 ARR.
Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte (Stuttgart, 1937ff.) 709.43 Sch56r
REF. Through "Flocktapete" as of 1998.
Also important are the comprehensive encylopedias such as Dictionnaire
d'archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie and Reallexikon für Antike und
Christentum (see the separate bibliography on General Bibliographies and
Reference Works).
Handbooks of Iconography:
Hans Aurenhammer, Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie (Vienna, 1959-67).
246 AU6L ARR. Vol. I only, through "Christus."
Louis Bréhier, L'Art chrétien: son développement iconographique des origines
à nos jours, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1928). 246 B74A1928 STX.
G. Duchet-Suchaux, Iconographie médiévale. Images, texte, contexte (Paris,
1993). Not in UIL.
François Garnier, Le langage de l'image au moyen âge, I: Signification et
symbolique (Paris, 1982); II: Grammaire des gestes (Paris, 1989). Q. 704.946
G188l ARX; vol. 1 also in STX.
François Garnier, Thesaurus iconographique: Système descriptif de
représentations (Paris, 1984). Q. 704.9482G188T STX.
Engelbert Kirschbaum, et al., Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie, 8 vols.
(Rome, 1968-76). 704.9482 L59 ARR. The most comprehensive complete guide.
Karl Künstle, Ikonographie der christlichen Kunst (Freiburg-im-Breisgau,
1928). 755 K96IK STX.
Louis Réau, Iconographie de l'art chrétien, 3 vols. in 6 (Paris, 1955-59).
704.94 R23I ARR.
Gertrud Schiller, Ikonographie der christlichen Kunst, 5 vols. (Gütersloh,
1966). 704.9482 SCH3I ARR. First two vols. trans. as Iconography of
Christian Art, trans. J. Seligman, 2 vols. (New York, 1971-72).
704.9482SCH3IES1971 STX, ARR. Excellent resource.
For iconography of saints, see the separate bibliography on Hagiography.
Some Specialized Bibliographies of Medieval Art History:
Madeline H. Caviness, Stained Glass before 1540: An Annotated Bibliography
(Boston, 1983). 016.74859 C316s ARR.
Robert Deshman, Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Scandinavian Art: An Annotated
Bibliography (Boston, 1984). 016.70942 D459a ARR.
Lamberto Donati, Bibliografia della miniatura, 2 vols. (Florence, 1972). On
Italian illuminated manuscripts.
W. Eugene Kleinbauer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture: An
Annotated Bibliography and Historiography (Boston, 1992). 016.7231 K673e
ARR.
Martin Davies, Romanesque Architecture: A Bibliography (Boston, 1993).
016.7234 D288r ARR.
Dorothy F. Glass, Italian Romanesque Sculpture: An Annotated Bibliography
(Boston, 19xx). 016.730945G433i ARR.
W. Eugene Kleinbauer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture: An
Annotated Bibliography and Historiography (Boston, 1992). 016.7231K673e ARR.
Thomas W. Lyman, with Daniel Smart, French Romanesque Sculpture: An
Annotated Bibliography (Boston, 1987). 016.730944L989f ARR. Index includes
iconographic motifs.
Jan van der Meulen, with Rüdiger Hoyer and Deborah Cole, Chartres: Sources
and Literary Interpretation: A Critical Bibliography (Boston, 1989).
016.72660944 STX. Lists iconographic studies, pp. 529-613.
Lawrence Nees, From Justinian to Charlemagne: European Art, 565-787, an
Annotated Bibliography (Boston, 1985). 016.70902 N295f ARR.
Michael Swanton, Bibliography of Medieval Art in Britain (London, 1981).
016.709021 ARR.
Martin Werner, Insular Art: An Annotated Bibliography (Boston, 1984).
016.70941 ARR.
Sarah Blake Wilke, Fifteenth-Century Central Italian Sculpture: An Annotated
Bibliography (Boston, 1986). 016.7309456W65f ARR.
Byzantine Iconography:
Literature on Byzantine Art 1892-1967, ed. Jelisaveta S. Allen, Dumbarton
Oaks Bibliographies, 2 vols. in 3 parts (Washington, D. C., 1973-76).
016.70902Al53l ARR. Vol. 2, organized by categories, has a section on
Iconography (pp. 327-429).
Reallexikon zur Byzantinischen Kunst (Stuttgart, 1966- ). 709.02R229 ARR.
Günter Spitzing, Lexikon byzantinisch-christliche Symbole: Die Bilderwelt
Griechenlands und Kleinasiens (Munich, 1989). 709.021403Sp49l ARR.
Jewish Iconography:
E. R. Goodenough, Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, 13 vols.
(Princeton, 1953-68; One-volume abridgement, 1988). Q. 913.33 G61J ARR, STX.
Thérèse Metzger, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages: Illuminated Hebrew
Manuscripts of the Thirteenth to the Sixteenth Centuries (New York, 1982).
940.04924 M568V:E ARR.
Bezalel Narkiss and Gabrielle Sed-Rajna, Index of Jewish Art: Iconographical
Index of Hebrew Illuminated Manuscripts, 3 vols. (Jerusalem, 1983).
745.67089924 N167I STX.
Heinz Schreckenberg and Kurt Schubert, Jewish Historiography and Iconography
in Early and Medieval Christianity (Assen, 1992). 709.0212 SCH71J HIX.
Secular Iconography:
John Boardman, ed., Lexikon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Zurich,
1981- ). 704.947 L59 CLR. The best resource for locating representations of
classical motifs. See also Reid and Rochelle.
Claude Gaignebet and Jean-Dominique Lajoux, Art profane et religion
populaire au Moyen Age (Paris, 1985). Q. 709.02 G124A ARR.
Loren McKinney, Medical Illustrations in Medieval Manuscripts (Berkeley,
1965).
Raimond van Marle, Iconographie de l'art profane au Moyen Age et à la
Renaissance, et la décoration des demeures, 2 vols. (The Hague, 1931-32). Q.
709 M34I ARR.
Jane Davidson Reid, The Oxford Guide to Classical Mythology in the Arts,
1300-1990, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1993). 700 R272o REX. Alphabetical by subject
and name; lists Classical sources, followed by chronological list of
allusions in primary sources with bibliographical references. Index of
artists includes authors.
Mercedes Rochelle, Mythological and Classical World Art Index: Locator of
Paintings, Sculptures, Frescoes, Manuscript Illuminations, Sketches,
Woodcuts, and Engravings Executed 1200 B.C. to 1900 A.C. (Jesserson, NC,
1991). 704.947074 R585M ARR.
Guy de Tervarent, Attributs et symboles dans l'art profane, 1450-1600:
Dictionnaire d'un langage perdu, 3 vols., Travaux d'humanisme et renaissance
29 (Geneva, 1958-64). 704.94603 T279A STX.
Iconographic Indices and Databases:
On the Princeton Index of Christian Art, see Kaske, pp. 96-8. Add: Brendan
Cassidy, ed., Iconography at the Crossroads: Papers from the Colloquium
Sponsored by the Index of Christian Art, Princeton University, 23-24 March
1990, Princeton University. Dept. of Art and Archaeology. Index of Christian
Art Occasional Papers 2 (Princeton, 1992). Q.704.9482IC72 ARX.
For a descripton of various iconographic databses (most of which are not
publically available), see Le médiéviste et l'ordinateur 26-27 (Autumn
1992 - Spring 1993): Traitements informatiques et iconographie.
Thomas H. Ohlgren, et al., Insular and Anglo-Saxon Illuminated Manuscripts:
An Iconographic Catalogue c. A.D. 625 to 1100 (New York, 1986). Q.
745.670942 OH4I EGR, ARR. An expanded electronic version is now available
for PC/DOS. See also the on-line Corpus of Insular, Anglo-Saxon, and Early
Norman Manuscript Art.
Thomas H. Ohlgren, Illuminated Manuscripts: An Index to Selected Bodleian
Library Color Reproductions (New York, 1977). 016.096 0x2i STX. Alphabetical
index of contents can be used as an iconographic index.
Thomas H. Ohlgren, Illuminated Manuscripts and Books in the Bodleian
Library: A Supplemental Index (New York, 1978). 016.096 ox2i sup. STX.
Helene E. Roberts, Iconographic Index to Old Testament Subjects Represented
in Photographs and Slides of Paintings in the Visual Collections, Fine Arts
Library, Harvard University (New York, 1987). Q755.4 R542i ARR.
Helene E. Roberts and Rachel Hall, Iconographic Index to New Testament
Subjects Represented in Photographs and Slides of Paintings in the Visual
Collections, Fine Arts Library, Harvard University, I: Narrative Paintings
of the Italian School (New York, 1992). Q.755.4 R5422i v.1 ARR.
Kathleen L. Scott, Ann E. Nichols and Michael T. Orr, An Index of Images in
English Manuscripts from Chaucer to Henry VIII, Fascicle 1: The Bodleian
Library, Oxford: MSS Additional to Digby.
For catalogues of illuminated manuscripts in various countries and
libraries, see Berlioz, Identifier sources et citations, pp. 270-73;
Friedman and Wegmann, Medieval Iconography, pp. 19-30, and the separate
bibliography on Medieval & Modern Manuscript Catalogues.
Art History Resources on the Web, Part 3: Art of the Middle Ages.
Collections of Documentary Sources:
Caecilia Davis-Weyer, Early Medieval Art 300-1150 (Toronto, 1986).709.02
D29E ARX.
Teresa G. Frisch, Gothic Art 1140-c. 1450 (Toronto, 1971). 709.02F91g STX.
Elsmarie Knögel, Schriftquellen zur Kunstgeschichte der Merowingerzeit
(Darmstadt, 1936).
Otto Lehmann-Brockhaus, Schriftquellen zur Kunstgeschichte des 11. und 12.
Jahrhunderts für Deutschland Lothringen und Italien, 2 vols. (Berlin, 1938).
Otto Lehmann-Brockhaus, Lateinische Schriftquellen zur Kunst in England,
Wales und Schottland, vom Jahre 901 bis zum Jahre 1307, 5 vols. (Munich,
1955-60). 709.42 L52L STX.
Victor Mortet, Receuil des textes relatifs à l'histoire de l'architecture et
à la condition des architectes en France au Moyen Age, 2 vols. (Paris,
1911-29).
Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte und Kunsttechnik des Mittelalters, ed.
Rudolf von Eitelsberger von Edelberg and Albert Ilg (Vienna, 1888-).
Julius von Schlosser, Quellenbuch zur Kunstgeschichte des abenländischen
Mittelalters (Vienna, 1896).
Julius von Schlosser, Schriftquellen zur Geschichte der karolingischen Kunst
(Vienna, 1896).
J. Yarza et al., Arte Medieval, 2 vols. (Barcelona, 1982). 709.02Ar75 STX.
Some Classic Iconographic Studies:
Michael Camille, The Gothic Idol: Ideology and Image-Making in Medieval Art
(Cambridge, 1989). 246.0902C146G STX.
Michael Camille, Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art (Cambridge,
MA, 1992). 709.02C146I ARX.
A. Katzenellenbogen, Allegories of the Virtues and Vices in Medieval Art
from Early Christian Times to the Thirteenth Century (New York, 1964)).
704.948K15A1964 STX; 062WAR ARX.
A. Katzenellenbogen, The Sculptural Program of Chartres Cathedral: Christ,
Mary, Ecclesia (New York, 1964). 726.64K159S1964 STX.
V. A. Kolve, Chaucer and the Imagery of Narrative: The First Five Canterbury
Tales (Stanford, 1984). 821C39CYKO EGX.
Emile Mâle, Religious Art in France, the Twelfth Century: A Study of the
Origins of Medieval Iconography, trans. M. Mathews (Princeton, 1978).
709.44M29ART3EM1978 ARX.
Emile Mâle, Religious Art in France, the Thirteenth Century: A Study of
Medieval Iconography and its Sources (Princeton, 1984). 709.44M29A:E1984
ARX.
Emile Mâle, Religious Art in France, the late Middle Ages: A Study of
Medieval Iconography and its Sources (Princeton, 1986). 709.44M29AR:E ARX.
Erwin Panofsky, Meaning in the Visual Arts (Garden City, NJ, 1955).
704P19M1955.
Erwin Panofsky, Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the
Renaissance (New York, 1962). 704P19S1967 STX, UGX.
Erwin Panofsky, Early Netherlandish Painting, its Origins and Character, 2
vols. (Cambridge, MA, 1953). Q.759.9492P19E ARX, UGX.
Lilian M. C. Randall, Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts (Berkeley,
1966). 096 R15I ARX, Lib Sci.
D. W. Robertson, A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval Perspectives
(Princeton, 1962). 821C39YROB EGX, UGX.
Gordon McN. Rushworth, Medieval Christian Imagery as Illustrated by the
Painted Windows of Great Malvern Priory Church, Worcestershire . . .
(Oxford, 1936). 748 R89M STX.
Meyer Schapiro, Selected Papers, I: Late Antique, Early Christian, and
Mediaeval Art (New York, 1979). 709.02SH2L STX, UGX, ARR; II: Romanesque Art
(New York, 1977). 709.02SCH1R ARX.
Rosamund Tuve, Allegorical Imagery: Some Medieval Books and Their Posterity
(Princeton, 1966). 809 T89A EGX.
Francis Wormald, Collected Writings (London, 1984-88). X 709.02 W893C RBR.
Some Major Journals:
The Art Bulletin (New York, 1913- ). 705 AB STX.
Arte Cristiana. Q.704.948205AR STX.
Gesta (Fort Tryon Park, NY, 1964- ). Q. 709.0205 GE ARX.
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes (London, 1940- ). 901.05 WA
ARX.
Studies in Iconography (Highland Heights, KY, 1975- ). 705 STUI ARX.
Word and Image (London, 1985- ). 705 WORI ARX.
Bibliographies of Literary Themes and Motifs:
Horst S. Daemmrich and Ingrid Daemmrich, Themen und Motive in der Literatur:
Ein Handbuch (Tübingen, 1987). 803 D13t STX. Highly selective; no list of
contents.
Elisabeth Frenzel, Motive der Weltliteratur: Ein Lexikon
dichtungsgeschichtlicher Längsschnitte, 4th ed. (Stuttgart, 1992). UIL has
2nd ed. 803 F88m1980 MDR.
Elisabeth Frenzel, Stoffe der Weltliteratur: Ein Lexikon
dichtungsgeschichtlicher Längsschnitte, 7th ed. (Stuttgart, 1988).
Viktor Pöschl et al., Bibliographie zur antiken Bildersprache (Heidelberg,
1964). 016.879 P84b CLX. Index to secondary studies, organized
alphabetically by classical author or motif.
Jean-Charles Seigneuret, ed., Dictionary of Literary Themes and Motifs, 2
vols. (New York, 1988). 809.933303 D561 cop. 4 EGR.
Franz Anselm Schmitt, Stoff- und Motivgeschichte der deutschen Literatur:
Eine Bibliographie (Berlin, 1959). 016.8309 B32b 1959.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
Charles D. Wright
last updated 11/98
Martin Reboul
Edgar De Blieck wrote...
> Whilst I was flicking through the "Portable Medieval Reader" the other day
> (see my other current posting in the medieval hygiene thread), I came
across
> the following section of instruction in the appropriate icons for
paintings.
> I have seen one or two other examples of this sort of thing, and I was
> wondering if the learned minds here could contribute others?
Thanks for all this stuff Edgar - fascinating and illuminating!
I wonder why a woman is so often used to represent these things?
A couple of observations...
> In accordance with the threefold philosophy, namely, rational, natural,
and
> moral, the threefold science of speaking arose, namely, of the suitable,
the
> true, and the ornamental. Of appropriate speaking is Grammar, of true
> speaking is Logic, of ornamental speaking is Rhetoric.
>
>
> The first of these says: "I write perfectly; what I have written I convey
> rightly."
>
> The second says in truth: 'I teach how to distinguish clearly the true
from
> the false."
>
> The third boasts thus: "I offer the means of teaching with the flower of
> eloquence."
How good it would be if these dictums were applied to all SHM contributions?
> THE ART OF WRITING
>
> The image of a little old man, sitting, having in his right hand a
strainer
> and in the other an open written book.
This must be our own dear D Spencer Hines, for the strain is clearly
showing...?
> SACRED THEOLOGY
>
> The image of a very beautiful woman, sitting on a throne, a royal crown on
> her head, under which is the fillet of a bishop, having a sceptre in the
> right hand, an apple in the left, with flowing hair, a book before her
lying
> open on a lectern.
This is rather fascinating - a beautiful, royal woman to represent theology?
Unexpected and rather intriguing? Does this go back to a classical tradition
perhaps?
Lots of good stuff snipped. Where are you Eve?
Cheers
Martin
Dick Wisan
>
>Thanks for all this stuff Edgar - fascinating and illuminating!
>
>I wonder why a woman is so often used to represent these things?
Somewhere I was told that the Romans tended to accumulate goddesses
with names like Justicia and Fortuna because that kind of Latin
abstract noun was usually feminine. If true, that would make a
powerful ancient model for how to represent such things, and, for
all I know, it might be true.
As a question of fact, _were_ the nouns for those various arts
feminine? Arithmetica? Theologia? Theologica? &c.
--
R. N. (Dick) Wisan Email: wis...@hartwick.edu
Snail: 37 Clinton St., Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
Just your opinion, please, Ma'am. No fax.
E. C. Lee
> There is an excellent bibliography by Charles D. Wright at :
> http://www.english.uiuc.edu/wright/Iconbib.htm
>
I'm having posting problems so I hope that you get this!
<request for more information on representations in art>
You might want to get a hold of Emile Male's classic "The Gothic
Images: Religous Art in France of the Thirteenth Century". He has a
whole chapter on allegorical depictions of the arts and sciences, and
it's too long to copy here. The rest of the book is equally
interesting. There is some controversy on some of his
interpretations, but I don't think that should stand in your way.
Eve
Edgar De Blieck
> Images: Religous Art in France of the Thirteenth Century".
NB this is often called "the Gothic image" rather than "images" - so try for
both in lib cats.
EDEB.
Edgar De Blieck
AUTHOR Male, Emile, 1862-1954.
TITLE Art religieux du XIIIe siecle en France English.
The Gothic image : religious art in France of the thirteenth
century / by Emile Male / translated [from the French] by
Dora
Nussey.
PUBL. INFO. New York ; London : Harper & Row, 1972.
SERIES Icon editions.
NOTE Reprint of the ed.: London, 1913 published under title:
Religious
art in France of the thirteenth century; tranlated from the
third French edition.
ADD. TITLE Religious art in France of the thirteenth century.
EDEB.
Warren B. Hapke
: Martin Reboul, (rebou...@freeserve.co.uk) says...
:>
:>Thanks for all this stuff Edgar - fascinating and illuminating!
:>
:>I wonder why a woman is so often used to represent these things?
: Somewhere I was told that the Romans tended to accumulate goddesses
: with names like Justicia and Fortuna because that kind of Latin
: abstract noun was usually feminine. If true, that would make a
: powerful ancient model for how to represent such things, and, for
: all I know, it might be true.
You have been told correctly. In addition, many works were modeled
on Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy, which has as a major character
Lady Philosophy. (Philosophy is personified as a woman because
"philosophia" is feminine in Latin.) Another major work, the
De Planctu Naturae of Alanus ab Insulis, has Nature as a major
female personification for the same reason.
: As a question of fact, _were_ the nouns for those various arts
: feminine? Arithmetica? Theologia? Theologica? &
According to the online version of Lewis and Short at
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/, "arithmetica" is feminine,
as is "theologia". "Theologica" is an adjective form, so
it could be feminine singular or neuter plural.
Of the other items listed in the original posting, "rhetorica,"
"philosophia," "logica," and "grammatica" are all listed as
feminine nouns in Lewis and Short.
Warren B. Hapke
wbh...@prairienet.org
E. C. Lee
Absolutely correct! It was just a typo there.
Eve