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Kings of Man - Part 4 of 4

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Stewart Baldwin

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Mar 22, 1999, 3:00:00 AM3/22/99

Begin part 4 of 4
-------------------------------

Appendix

"Too Many Ragnalls"

One of the common problems in genealogy and history is that there may
be two or more sources, each of which mentions an
individual of the same name, and one must then decide whether or not
these sources pertain to the same individual. This appendix
is a minor revision of a posting which originally appeared under the
same title as a separate posting to soc.genealogy.medieval. As
can be easily guessed from the title of the appendix, this appendix
involves several individuals named Ragnall. We start off with
four men of the name who are fairly easy to distinguish in the
records. The problems come with the later generations, when we
have individuals who are referred to as children or grandchildren of
Ragnall, without explicitly stating which one. The purpose of
this appendix will be to set out the basic evidence, and no attempt
will be made here to sort out which Ragnall was the father (or
grandfather) of which child. It should be noted that there were also
other earlier and later Vikings named Ragnall who are not
listed, as we are only concerned with listing those Ragnalls who might
make chronologically possible parents (or grandparents) of
the individuals having unknown ancestry.

The Ragnalls in question are (numbered in order of their first
appearance in the records):

(1) Ragnall, son of Amlaib Cuaran. This Ragnall was apparently the
recognized heir of Amlaib (d. 981) to the kingship of Dublin,
but was killed in the Battle of Tara in 980 [AU, AT, AI, CS].

(2) Ragnall, a prince of the dynasty of Waterford who was killed by
Leinstermen in either 994 [AU] or 995 [AI and AT].
According to AU, Ragnall was the son of Imar (d. 1000) king of
Waterford, whereas AI states that Ragnall was the grandson of
Imar, and AT does not give Ragnall's parentage. AU is probably
correct on this point. [King Imar of Waterford, whose parentage
is apparently unknown, also temporarily ruled Dublin in the 990's, in
a back-and-forth contest with Sitric "Silkbeard", son of Amlaib
Cuaran.]

(3) Ragnall, king of the Isles [i.e., the Hebrides], d. 1005 [AU],
son of Goffraid mac Arailt (d. 989), king of the Isles. [The Aralt
who was father of Goffraid was probably Aralt, king of Limerick, who
died in 940, and, if CS is correct, was a brother of Amlaib
Cuaran.]

(4) Ragnall, king of Waterford, d. 1035 [AU], grandson of Imar of
Waterford. AU has a duplicate entry placing his death in 1031,
and AT apparently also places his death in 1031 [the years in AT are
not labelled], but that is clearly an error, since the following
entry of ATin the same year is the death of the famous Cnut, who
certainly died in 1035. Probably some entries from 1035 were
accidently placed in 1031 in one of the intermediate stages of
compilation. AU calls Ragnall the grandson of Imar, and AT calls
him the son of "Radnall", son of Imar. Todd, in his edition of
"Coghad Gaedhel re Gallaibh", states that AT[1031] calls Ragnall the
son of Radnall, "daughter" of Imar (and Radnall is a known feminine
name). Thus, either Whitley Stokes's edition of AT is in error,
or Todd has misquoted AT here (Todd wrote earlier than the Stokes
edition of AT.) I leave it open whether Imar was Ragnall's
paternal or maternal grandfather.

The known individuals who were children (or grandchildren) of men
named Ragnall (not counting the possible #4 above) were:

(a) NN, unnamed son of Ragnall, son of Imar, who was killed in 1015
[CS]. He was evidently the son of Ragnall #2.

(b) Cacht, daughter of Ragnall, d. 1052 [AT] or 1054 [CS], wife of
Donnchad (son of Brian Boru), whom she married in 1032
[AI]. It is apparently unknown whether or not she was the mother of
any of Donnchad's children.

(c) Eachmarcach, king of Dublin (1036-1038 and 1046-1052), son of
Ragnall. He was expelled from the kingship of Dublin in
1052, and went "over the sea". The contemporary Marianus Scotus
records his death in 1065, as "rex innarenn", generally
interpreted that he was king of the Rhinns in Galloway. His daughter
Mor md. Tadg Ua Briain (grandson of Brian Boru), and had
descendants which can be traced for several generations [source: Ban
Shenchus].

(d) NN, unnamed son of Ragnall, apparently king of the Isle of Man in
the year 1061, when Murchad, son of Diarmait mac Mael
na mBo invaded Man, took tribute, and defeated Ragnall's son [AT].
Often regarded as the same person as Eachmarcach.

(e) NN, unnamed son of Ragnall, king of the Foreigners, d. 1064 [AI].
Probably the same as Eachmarcach, as the discrepancy is
only one year.

(f) Gofraid, king of Dublin, d. 1075 [AU, AT, AI]. AI calls him
grandson of Ragnall, and AU apparently calls him son of an
unidentified Amlaib [but there is confusion at this point in the
different manuscripts of AU]. Thus, he would appear to be son of
Amlaib, son of Ragnall. The Sitric son of Amlaib who was killed on
the Isle of Man in 1073 [AU] is a possible brother.

(g) Two or more grandsons of Ragnall, who led a fleet to the Isle of
Man in 1087, and were killed there [AU].

For a recent discussion of some of these individuals, see Séan Duffy,
Irishmen and Islemen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and
Man, 1052-1171, in Ériu 43 (1992), 93-133, which assigns some of these
children to the Waterford branch, but without discussing
the other possible candidates.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Source Abbreviations

AI = The Annals of Inisfallen (MS. Rawlinson B.503), edited by Seán
Mac Airt (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies,
1951, reprinted 1977).

AT = "The Annals of Tigernach", edited by Whitley Stokes in Revue
Celtique, vols. 16-18, passim, also available (without English
translation) at the CELT (Corpus of Electronic Texts) website
(http://www.ucc.ie/celt/).

AU = The Annals of Ulster to A.D. 1131, edited by S. Mac Airt and G.
Mac Niocaill (Dublin, 1984), also available (without
English translation) at the CELT (Corpus of Electronic Texts) website
(http://www.ucc.ie/celt/).

BS = Margaret Dobbs, ed., "The Ban-Shenchus", Revue Celtique 47
(1930), 283-339; 48 (1931), 163-234; 49 (1932), 437-489, of
which the last part is an every name index to the first two parts. In
citations from BS, only the page number is given, the volume
then being clear from context.

BWG = Bartrum, P. C., Welsh Genealogies, A.D. 300-1400 (8 vols.,
Cardiff, 1974, supplement vol., 1980).

CGG = Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh (The War of the Gaedhil with the
Gaill), edited and translated by James Henthorn Todd,
Rolls Series 48 (London 1867).

CS = Chronicon Scotorum, edited by W. Hennessy (London, Rolls Series
46, 1866)

ESSH = Alan Orr Anderson, Early Sources of Scottish History (2 vols.,
Edinburgh, 1922).

EWGT = Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, edited by P. C. Bartrum
(University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1966).

GND = The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumiéges, Orderic
Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, edited and
translated by Elizabeth M. C. van Houts (2 vols., Clarendon Press,
Oxford, 1995).

HBC = The Handbook of British Chronology, edited by Powicke and Fryde
(2nd edition, London, 1961).

NHI = Moody, Martin, Byrne, eds., A New History of Ireland, volume IX,
Maps. Genealogies, Lists (Oxford, 1984).

Stewart Baldwin

-------------------------------
End part 4 of 4

Todd A. Farmerie

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Mar 23, 1999, 3:00:00 AM3/23/99

Stewart Baldwin wrote:
>
> (c) Eachmarcach, king of Dublin (1036-1038 and 1046-1052), son of
> Ragnall. He was expelled from the kingship of Dublin in
> 1052, and went "over the sea". The contemporary Marianus Scotus
> records his death in 1065, as "rex innarenn", generally
> interpreted that he was king of the Rhinns in Galloway. His daughter
> Mor md. Tadg Ua Briain (grandson of Brian Boru), and had
> descendants which can be traced for several generations [source: Ban
> Shenchus].

In the "For What It's Worth" category, Hudson (in a 1992 English
Historical Review note) drew attention to entry in ASC mss.D,E 1031
describing a meeting between Canute and Malcolm II, along with 'two
other scottish kings'. Mss. E names the other two as Maelbeathe (sp?)
and Iehmarc, the latter of whom Hudson identifies with Eachmarcach (he
thinks the former is MacBeth). This, he suggests, adds support to the
supposed Galloway holdings.

taf

Stewart Baldwin

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Mar 24, 1999, 3:00:00 AM3/24/99

"Todd A. Farmerie" <ta...@po.cwru.edu> wrote:

>Stewart Baldwin wrote:
>>
>> (c) Eachmarcach, king of Dublin (1036-1038 and 1046-1052), son of
>> Ragnall. He was expelled from the kingship of Dublin in
>> 1052, and went "over the sea". The contemporary Marianus Scotus
>> records his death in 1065, as "rex innarenn", generally
>> interpreted that he was king of the Rhinns in Galloway. His daughter
>> Mor md. Tadg Ua Briain (grandson of Brian Boru), and had
>> descendants which can be traced for several generations [source: Ban
>> Shenchus].

>In the "For What It's Worth" category, Hudson (in a 1992 English

>Historical Review note) drew attention to entry in ASC mss.D,E 1031
>describing a meeting between Canute and Malcolm II, along with 'two
>other scottish kings'. Mss. E names the other two as Maelbeathe (sp?)
>and Iehmarc, the latter of whom Hudson identifies with Eachmarcach (he
>thinks the former is MacBeth). This, he suggests, adds support to the
>supposed Galloway holdings.

>taf

The identification of Echmarcach and Iehmarc seems reasonable. To
mention another "FWIW" regarding Echmarcach, the Icelandic sagas (I
forget which ones) mention a king of Dublin named Margad, who has
often been (erroneously) identified with Echmarcach, because of the
similarity between the name Margad and the last two syllables of
Ecmarcach. However, this identification is wrong, because the name
which is given as "Margad" in the Icelandic sagas can be shown to be
equivalent to the Irish name Murchad, and there was a king of Dublin
named Murchad who succeeded Echmarcach, i.e., Murchad mac Diarmata
meic Máel na mBo (d. 1070, ancestor of the MacMurroughs), who ruled as
a sub-king under his father when the Norse dynasty temporarily lost
the rule of Dublin. It is this Murchad (and not Echmarcach) who is
the king Margad of Dublin that is mentioned in the Icelandic sources.

Stewart Baldwin

Andrew S. Kalinkin

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Mar 25, 1999, 3:00:00 AM3/25/99

Stewart Baldwin wrote:
> The identification of Echmarcach and Iehmarc seems reasonable. To
> mention another "FWIW" regarding Echmarcach, the Icelandic sagas (I
> forget which ones) mention a king of Dublin named Margad, who has
> often been (erroneously) identified with Echmarcach, because of the
> similarity between the name Margad and the last two syllables of
> Ecmarcach.

King Margad of Dublin is mentioned briefly in Heimskringla
(in Harald Hardrade saga). Is this what you had in mind?

Stewart Baldwin

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Mar 25, 1999, 3:00:00 AM3/25/99

"Andrew S. Kalinkin" <kali...@cityline.ru> wrote:

>King Margad of Dublin is mentioned briefly in Heimskringla
>(in Harald Hardrade saga). Is this what you had in mind?

Yes

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