"The Complete Peerage", sub Willoughby, (Vol. XII/2, page 671) notes
that Maria de Salinas was either the daughter of Juan or Martin de
Salinas. I have unfortunately found no references to either Juan or
Martin in the history books I have checked on this period. In a paper
posted on the web by three Spanish historians (Molero, Sevillano, and
Suarez) for a History of Accounting conference, I found a brief bio of
the brothers Juan and Martin de Salinas in an article on their cousin,
Ochoa Perez de Salinas, who was a court banker to Queen Isabel of
Castile. This article states (the English translation by the authors
is not perfect):
"It seems nevertheless, that Ochoa was from Alava, and it was related
with two important personages that much in the House of the Catholic
Kings, and in which arrived to perform charges of importance and
confidence; the brothers Juan and Martin de Salinas (or Sanchez de
Salinas, as is them flame in other occassions). About Juan (that
seems the older) we know that by September of 1492 was Waiter and
after Secretary of the first born daughter of the Kings, Isabel,
Princess of Portugal by her marriage in 1490, in first nuptials, with
the Prince, D. Alfonso de Portugal; and that, by those dates, was
possessing some house in the Real Street of Vitoria, old site of the
Jewry of this city, in whose property were sheltered to him. Two
months afterwards and from Barcelona, the Catholic Queen was making to
him mercy of 200.000 maravedies originating from the goods that, by
the heresy offense, they had been confiscated in Jerez de la Frontera.
Juan disappears soon, because he had to die around the end of July of
1495, since his Testament is dated in Burgos 15 of July of said year.
In his marriage with Ines de Albornoz, had at least six children, the
greater than those which, with the name of Juan, as his father, there
would be of maintaining below relationships with Ochoa." (NOTE FROM
HISTORY WRITER: In "A Woman of the Tudor Age", Lady Cecilie Goff's
bio of Maria de Salinas's daughter, Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk,
Goff states that Maria de Salinas's sister Ines de Albornos lived in
England and was married to Francis Guevara, of Stanyott {aka Stenigot,
Yorks}. Spanish custom at the time permitted daughters to use their
mother's or even their grandmother's surname. There were Guevara
descendants in Lincolnshire in the early 17th century, including a
Willoughby Guevara. If Ines de Albornos wife of Francis Guevara was
the daughter of Juan de Salinas and Ines de Albornoz, and Maria de
Salinas, Baroness Willoughby, was as stated by Goff, was Ines's
sister, then Maria would presumably also be the daughter of Juan de
Salinas. END NOTE.)
As for Martin de Salinas, he bacame the guardian or "tutor" of Juan's
children, according to this article:
"More importance reached Martin, that occupied the public notary of
Vitoria in 1491, later he happened also to perform the Secretariat of
the Queen and Princess D. Isabel of Portugal, maybe to the death of
his brother, and therinafter the Payer and Treasurer charges of the
Catholic Queen. We know also some familiar activity of Martin, as the
tutorship that performed on his nephews, the children of Juan. He
expunged in Segovia, 26 of September of 1503, dying the day 28. Their
testamentary, to instance of his dowager, Mari Martinez de Buendia,
transacted quickly the movement of their corpse to the monastery of
San Francisco of Vitoria, being inhumed in the Chapel that in the same
had the family from Alava of the Ardurza, for this the segovian monks,
where previously was deposited his body, conceded the license the 2 of
October of 1503. Mari Martinez of Buendia no longer moved of Vitoria,
in which at least two of their children, Juan and Pedro, devoted to
the Church, occupied Canongias and Benefits in the Collegiate Church
of San Andres of Armentia, and in Vitoria. By the reason of his
Treasurer cargo of the Queen, Martin de Salinas wide had professional
relationships with the changer Ochoa, in one of those which calls to
him precisely his cousin, upon extending to him a certificate, dated 7
of August of 1499 in Granada, so that effected determined payments to
the Veedor Sarmiento and to Juan de Escalate, page boy of the Prince
D. Miguel." (NOTE: Lady Cecilie Goff in her book also noted that
Maria de Salinas was a relative of Juan Ardursa, a merchant in
Flanders.)
I have checked Garcia Carraffa's "Enciclopedia heraldica y genealogica
hispano-americana" for the Salinas family, where it appears possible
that the Salinas family had Jewish ancestry. Not many Salinas family
members are mentioned by Garcia Caraffa, but he noted that Juan Garcia
de Salinas, son of Martin Ochoa de Aroca and Maria Martinez de
Salinas, married Maria Perez de Santa Maria (the Santa Maria family of
Burgos were Jews who converted in 1391 when they changed their name
from ha-Levi to Santa Maria in honor of their relationship with the
Virgin Mary). Garica Caraffa lists only two children of this marriage
(with no dates), including a daughter, who became the wife of Pedro
Garcia de Salcedo, and used the named Maria Perez de Salinas (the same
surname as court banker Ochoa Perez de Salinas). Since the Spanish
Ambassador to England during the early 1500s, Dr. Rodrigo Gonzalez de
Puebla, was of Jewish origin (see reference to this in David Starkey's
latest book "Six Wives"), it would not be unthinkable for Maria de
Salinas, who traveled to England in 1503 and was Catherine of Aragon's
closest friend, to also have some Jewish ancestry, which considering
the prejudices of that time period may be why her ancestry has not
been clearer. Maria de Salinas's closeness to Queen Catherine may be
a reason the English assumed they were somehow related, for they must
have known each other their entire lives and treated each other like
relatives. Maria de Salinas, who was as strong-willed as her very
Protestant daughter, even defied Henry VIII in ensuring she was at
Catherine's bedside when she died. Any comments or information on
this would be welcome. Best Regards.
WOW! The information you posted is VERY interesting. I found many
references to another Martín de Salinas, probably related to one of
the two brothers, who was a prominent personality during the reign of
Carlos V. There are some studies about his palace in Vitoria and, of
course, about his career as ambassador of Carlos V to his brother the
Emperor Ferdinand.
Now, in the article you quoted here there are many clues that indicate
that the Salinas were almost certainly conversos from Jewish ancestry.
I would certainly say that the claim of María being a relative of
Catalina de Aragón is completely unsubstantiated.
Although Spanish is my first language, there are some parts of the
article that I don't understand...I mean, I don't understand what the
authors translated. Anyway, here are the clues that, to me, show that
this was a "converso" family:
a) the offices: banker, payer, treasurer - there is no case that I
know of of any "cristiano viejo" family being bankers, payers or
treasurers; without any known exception, they were all conversos.
"Waiter" - I guess they translated the Spanish word "mozo" as
waiter...it's one of the meanings, but "mozo" in the Castilian royal
household at that time would have been something like a lesser type of
page (a groom?) and then Secretary; both offices show a very low
status in the household but close enough to the royal family. Usually,
although it might seem absolutely contradictory, the household of the
Catholic Kings had many conversos, including the wetnurses (? I don't
know if I am correctly translating the word) of the Infantas and
Príncipe D. Juan.
b) The houses in the Jewry (Judería, Jewish ghetto).
c) The name of Martin's wife, Mari Martínez de Buendía, a typical
converso name ("de Buendía"--> "from the village of Buendía," a fief
of the Acuña family).
There is another precedent, in the generation before to these
brothers, Lope de Salinas, one of the four converso Franciscan friars
(one of which, San Pedro Regalado or St. Peter Regalado was canonized
and today is regarded by the Catholic Church as patron saint of
the...Internet!) who reformed the order in Castile. It is know that
the four of them were born to Jewish families who had been forced to
convert during the big progrom of 1391.
The only last name that would "seem to be of noble origin" is that of
the wife of Juan, Isabel de Albornoz. Of course, we might never know
whether she was in fact connected to the prominent Albornoz family or
she was also of converso origin. By that time, it was very common that
recently converted families would adopt the last name of the family
that acted as a sort of "sponsor" of their baptism or that had
protected them from the persecutions. The Albornoz family was closely
related to the Condestable D. Álvaro de Luna, who was perhaps one of
the biggest protectors of the conversos. It was a common practice
among the high nobility. Thus, we find conversos with last names as
Guzmán, Toledo, Rojas, Silva, de León, Luna, etc.
There is another thing that caught my eye: who is the FRANCIS GUEVARA
married to Inés de Albornoz? Guevara is clearly a Spanish last name.
Where did his family come from, and when? Do you know?
By the way, although this is not related with María de Salinas, does
anybody know who "Isabel Drochelin" was? That is the name all the
Spanish genealogists gave this lady who went to Castile with the
retinue of John of Gaunt's daughter. This "Isabel Drochelin" had
children with the Bishop of Osma, D. Pedro de Castilla (grandson of
King Pedro I).
Best regards,
J.L.Fernández Blanco
> WOW! The information you posted is VERY interesting. I found many
> references to another Martín de Salinas, probably related to one of
> the two brothers, who was a prominent personality during the reign of
> Carlos V. There are some studies about his palace in Vitoria and, of
> course, about his career as ambassador of Carlos V to his brother the
> Emperor Ferdinand.
>
Thank you for your interest in this subject. I had seen references to
Ambassador Martin de Salinas, who visited England in the early 1520s.
He probably was a close relative (maybe even brother) of Maria de
Salinas, though I am not sure why the relationship has not been noted
before since Maria was such a close friend of Queen Catherine.
> Now, in the article you quoted here there are many clues that indicate
> that the Salinas were almost certainly conversos from Jewish ancestry.
> I would certainly say that the claim of María being a relative of
> Catalina de Aragón is completely unsubstantiated.
> Although Spanish is my first language, there are some parts of the
> article that I don't understand...I mean, I don't understand what the
> authors translated. Anyway, here are the clues that, to me, show that
> this was a "converso" family:
> a) the offices: banker, payer, treasurer - there is no case that I
> know of of any "cristiano viejo" family being bankers, payers or
> treasurers; without any known exception, they were all conversos.
> "Waiter" - I guess they translated the Spanish word "mozo" as
> waiter...it's one of the meanings, but "mozo" in the Castilian royal
> household at that time would have been something like a lesser type of
> page (a groom?) and then Secretary; both offices show a very low
> status in the household but close enough to the royal family. Usually,
> although it might seem absolutely contradictory, the household of the
> Catholic Kings had many conversos, including the wetnurses (? I don't
> know if I am correctly translating the word) of the Infantas and
> Príncipe D. Juan.
> b) The houses in the Jewry (Judería, Jewish ghetto).
> c) The name of Martin's wife, Mari Martínez de Buendía, a typical
> converso name ("de Buendía"--> "from the village of Buendía," a fief
> of the Acuña family).
>
I agree the evidence appears strong that this family was converso in
origin. The authors of this article provided their e-mail address. I
will write them and ask if they could e-mail us the Spanish text. It
would also be useful to read the wills of Juan and Martin, if they
have them.
> There is another thing that caught my eye: who is the FRANCIS GUEVARA
> married to Inés de Albornoz? Guevara is clearly a Spanish last name.
> Where did his family come from, and when? Do you know?
>
I don't have any info yet on why Francis (presumably Francisco)
Guevara lived in England. He may have been attached to Catherine of
Aragon's household or worked for the Spanish Ambassador. Or may have
moved to England simply because his sister-in-law was so prominent.
The Guevara family appear to have been lesser gentry in Yorkshire and
Lincolnshire at least until the mid-1600s. So the Guevaras
presumbably have female-line descendants still living in England.
> By the way, although this is not related with María de Salinas, does
> anybody know who "Isabel Drochelin" was? That is the name all the
> Spanish genealogists gave this lady who went to Castile with the
> retinue of John of Gaunt's daughter. This "Isabel Drochelin" had
> children with the Bishop of Osma, D. Pedro de Castilla (grandson of
> King Pedro I).
I believe the "The Tizon de la Nobleza" by Cardinal Mendoza states
that Isabel Drochelin's father was an English bricklayer, so it is
unlikely that her English ancestry can be traced. Best Regards.
Bricklayer...or Mason ?
~malinda
The line from Maria de Salinas:
Generation 1
1 - Prince William of Wales 1982
Generation 2
3 - Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales 1961-1997
Generation 3
6 - Edward John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer 1924-1992
Generation 4
13 - Lady Cynthia Hamilton, Countess Spencer 1897-1972
Generation 5
26 - James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn 1869-1953
Generation 6
52 - James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn 1838-1913
Generation 7
105 - Lady Louisa Jane Russell, Duchess of Abercorn 1812-1905
Generation 8
210 - John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford 1766-1839
Generation 9
420 - Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock 1739-1767
Generation 10
841 - Lady Gertrude Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Bedford 1715-1794
Generation 11
1,682 - John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower 1694-1754
Generation 12
3,365 - Lady Catherine Manners, Baroness Gower 1675-1712
Generation 13
6,731 - Hon. Catherine Noel, Duchess of Rutland 1657-1733
Generation 14
13,463 - Lady Elizabeth Bertie, Viscountess Campden +1683
Generation 15
26,926 - Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey c.1608-1666
Generation 16
53,852 - Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey 1583-1642
Generation 17
107,704 - Peregrine Bertie, Baron Willoughby de Eresby 1555-1601
Generation 18
215,409 - Katherine Willoughby, Baroness Willoughby de Eresby and
Duchess of Suffolk 1519-1580 (A Staunch Protestant and "Marian exile"
who left England during the reign of Mary Tudor)
Generation 19
430,819 - Maria de Salinas, Baroness Willoughby de Eresby c.1490-1540
Generation 20
816,638 - Juan de Salinas +1495 (or possibly his brother, Martin de
Salinas +1503), employees of the royal household in Castile, from a
converso (formerly Jewish) family
-------------------------------------------------------
The line to Maria de Salinas's sister, Ines de Albornoz:
Generation 1
1 - Prince William of Wales 1982
Generation 2
3 - Lady Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales 1961-1997
Generation 3
6 - Edward John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer 1924-1992
Generation 4
12 - Albert Edward Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer 1892-1975
Generation 5
25 - Hon. Margaret Baring, Countess Spencer 1868-1906
Generation 6
51 - Louisa Bulteel 1839-1892
Generation 7
103 - Lady Elizabeth Grey 1798-1880
Generation 8
206 - Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey 1764-1845
Generation 9
413 - Elizabeth Grey, Countess Grey 1744-1822
Generation 10
826 - George Grey, of Southwick, co. Durham 1713-1746
Generation 11
1,652 - George Grey 1680-1772
Generation 12
3,304 - George Grey c. 1635-1702
Generation 13
6,609 - Susan Amcotes, wife of George Grey, c. 1608-?
Generation 14
13,219 - Susan Guevara, born in Wickenby, Lincs (either in 1587 or
1589 according to IGI), wife of Matthew Amcotes
Generation 15
26,438 - (Francis) Guevara
Generation 16
52,879 - (Francis?) Guevara
Generation 17
105,752 - Ines de Albornoz, wife of Francis Guevara, said to the
sister of Maria de Salinas, Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.
(END)
> > By the way, although this is not related with María de Salinas, does
> > anybody know who "Isabel Drochelin" was? That is the name all the
> > Spanish genealogists gave this lady who went to Castile with the
> > retinue of John of Gaunt's daughter. This "Isabel Drochelin" had
> > children with the Bishop of Osma, D. Pedro de Castilla (grandson of
> > King Pedro I).
>
> I believe the "The Tizon de la Nobleza" by Cardinal Mendoza states
> that Isabel Drochelin's father was an English bricklayer, so it is
> unlikely that her English ancestry can be traced. Best Regards.
Is that right? I must confess I am complete ignorant when it comes to
the process of selecting people for a royal princess's retinue. Would
the future Queen of Castile have the daughter of a bricklayer among
her ladies-in-waiting? I know in Castile they wouldn't be of the high
nobility, but they wouldn't be of a very low social class either.
Thanks,
Jose Luis.
Was he an ENGLISH bricklayer? That does not seem like a typical English
surname of the period. If he was a London resident, there may be some records
that survive.
Paul
This is part of a message I found in soc.gen.medieval from History
Writer:
"The descendants of Isabel "de Droklin" (or "Drochelin" in ES III,
Tafel 539), mistress of Pedro de Castilla, Bishop of Osma (d.1461).
According to Mendoza, Isabel was the daughter of an English (!)
mason/bricklayer (albanil) and his Jewish wife "Espulga-Manteles" (a
nickname)." (http://groups.google.com/groups?q=drochelin&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&selm=3943286.0301311942.3223dad4%40posting.google.com&rnum=1)
My experience with Cardinal Mendoza's work, as I think I said once, is
not very good. There are many examples that are not true or that lead
to confussion. This doesn't mean that there are other cases that are
correct. Because of a wrong interpretation of his works, here in
soc.gen.medieval somebody said "The Mendozas were Jews" and that is
not true. That there were lines of this huge family--remember that by
1500s there were 25 different "main" branches of this family--that
married into converso families is well known. But by no means it is
implied that because of these marriages the whole family was of Jewish
ancestry. And, please, don't consider this statement as anti-Semitic
because I have many proven converso lines in my own family
(Arias-Davila, Santamaria, Maluenda, Ruiz de Villena, Salazar,
Polanco, Rojas--the converso one, along with the other two who were
cristianos viejos, de la Caballeria, Cota, Garci-Franco, etc.)
Now, going back to what Mendoza says about Isabel de "Droklin" or
"Drochelin," is it possible that an English bricklayer (albañil, the
word used is plainly bricklayer, not mason) married (I guess in
London) a Jewish lady named "Espulga-Manteles" (By the way, this name
means "the one who kills/takes out the fleas from the tablecloths")? I
believe Mendoza tried to show in a very deprecatory way the social
class of Isabel "the daughter of a bricklayer and a Jewish flea-killer
woman!" I don't think there could possibly be something lesser than
that in his mind.
But, again, is he reliable in this sense? It doesn't make any sense
that a young English lady-in-waiting of the Heiress Presumptive of
Castile could be of such low social class. Is that really possible?
Any thought will be welcomed!
Thanks and regards,
J.L.Fernandez Blanco
That said, chronologically it appears hard to believe that Isabel
(presumbly Elizabeth in England) could have gone to Spain with
Catherine of Lancaster in the 1393 (though maybe she came later with
another royal personage or her English father did). Bishop Pedro de
Castilla died in 1461 and one of Isabel's sons, Luis de Castilla died
in 1505 (see ES vol III, Tafel 539) (though the date is given
elsewhere as 1506). Hopefully there is a record of family's actual
name in the retinue of some English royal personage who visited Spain.
Drochelin sounds like a corruption of her actual family name. Could
Isabel's family name have been "de Roscelin" or something similar
starting with "de"? Best Regards.
jfernand...@yahoo.com (J.L.Fernandez-Blanco) wrote in message news:<f6b9febd.03090...@posting.google.com>...
There might be some mention of gratuity or gift in a source such as the
Calendar of Patent Rolls, or Calendar of Close Rolls.
Records of the Company of Masons actually start quite late, but if her father
were a London citizen or worker, there are records that might mention them.
The surname has not survived in the form Drochelin or Droklin/Drokelyn in
English records covered by the IGI or PCC. With Dr- as a prefix, it is not
difficult to check lists, but if it is a corruption of surname beginning with
different letters, it would be a major complication.
It would probably be necessary to see what she is called in household records
to determine what the origin was. It is possible that a member of the
household (maid) might marry a local mason or bricklayer, whose child then
entered service. But members of the household who served in positions of favor
were generally cared for or favored themselves later in life, and thus entered
record.
I've read original inquisition records for Spain and Mexico on microfilm which
were dated in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is certainly possible
that inquisition records concerning Luis de Rojas survive, I would think.
Paul
I had not been aware that you had studied inquisition records for
Spain and Mexico. What families were your researching? I would be
curious since I have Spanish ancestry.
As for Don Luis de Rojas, heir to the marquisate of Pozo, and his
uncles, they were being prosecuted by the Spanish inquisition in the
1550s for being Protestants, not for their Jewish ancestry. The
following is from "A History of the Inquisition of Spain", Volume
Three, by Henry Charles Lea (1906-07), which is posted online by "The
American Academy of Research Historians of Medieval Spain" at
"http://libro.uca.edu/lea3/8lea3.htm". For a full list of books
online concerning Medieval Spain, go to
"http://libro.uca.edu/author.htm".
BEGIN EXCERPT:
"Through them, seven nuns of the Cistercian house of Nuestra Se?ora de
Belén were brought to the new faith, but the greatest conquest, about
May, 1557, was made when Beatriz de Vivero and Pedro Cazalla won their
brother, Doctor Agustín de Cazalla. No ecclesiastic was of higher
repute or greater influence with all classes; he was the favorite
preacher of Charles V, who had carried him to Germany in 1543, where
possibly his debates with heretics may have unconsciously undermined
his faith. Next to him among the converts might be ranked the
Dominican Fray Domingo de Rojas, whose reputation for learning and
eloquence was of the highest. He had been a fellow student of Pedro de
Cazalla; he had accompanied Carranza to Trent, in 1552, where he had
encountered heretics, and since then some of his utterances had led
his brother Dominicans to entertain suspicions, but, when Beatriz de
Vivero first sought to convert him, he was firm and even thought of
denouncing her. In the autumn of 1557, however, Augustin Cazalla and
Carlos de Seso won him over to heresy and he, in his turn, brought in
his brother, Don Pedro Sarmiento and his nephew Don Luis de Rojas,
heir to the marquisate of Pozo. As in Seville, the reformers thus
included men of the highest consideration, socially and
ecclesiastically, as well as those of the lower classes. Still, their
numbers were few; the wild estimates of five hundred or six thousand
are baseless, for they did not exceed fifty-five or sixty, wholly
without organization, being scattered from Logro?o to Zamora, though
the house of Do?a Leonor de Vivero, the widowed mother of the
Cazallas, served occasionally as a meeting-place." (END)
reed...@aol.com (Reedpcgen) wrote in message news:<20030909015823...@mb-m28.aol.com>...
It was a specific problem that presented that I only studied for a few days,
and was about 10-15 years ago, so I don't have a clear recolection of the
persons.
However, it is surprising what has been microfilmed and is available at the
FHL. For instance, see:
http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/Library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?d
isplay=authordetails&authorno=322280&name=Inquisici%C3%B3n%2E+M%C3%A9xico%
2C+null&columns=*,0,0
In particlar (for Mexico)
Title: Procesos del Santo Oficio de México, 1522-1820
Authors: Inquisición. México (Main Author)
Notes: Incluye información de personas de Guatemala y las Islas Filipinas.
Trial proceedings and genealogies of persons indicted by the Inquisition.
I'll take a quick glance at:
La inquisición en la época moderna : España, Portugal e Italia, siglos XV-XIX
Francisco Bethencourt ; traducción de la edición portuguesa: Federico Palomo
and
Records of the trials of the Spanish Inquisition in Ciudad Real
edited with introduction and notes by Haim Beinart
Text in English. Transcriptions in the original Spanish.
Contents: v. 1. Trials of 1483-1485 -- v. 2. Trials of 1494-1512 -- v. 3.
Trials of 1512-1527 -- v. 4. Documents, biographical notes, indexes.
and let you know if something should turn up.
Paul