Llywelyn ap Iorwerth ancestor table, gen. 1-8

[Stewart Baldwin]

The following ancestor table for Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, prince of North
Wales (d. 1240), for eight generations, is a work in progress which I
plan to eventually extend to the earliest traceable generations.
Since this is a very preliminary version, there will almost certainly
be mistakes. The basic finding aid is Bartrum [BWG] (see sources at
end), which cites the earliest source for the various genealogical
claims (but does not attempt to isolate the correct claims from the
false ones), many of which must them be rejected after these sources
are examined more closely. Sources are given in brackets following
each individual, using abbreviations which are given at the end. In
general, I have rejected those cases in which the genealogy is a long
string of unidentifiable names from a late source (usually with
serious contradictions from one manuscript to another), but these
places are clearly indicated for the benefit of those who want to go
to Bartrum and check for themselves. For the most part, I have
attempted to cite primary sources (usually, the earliest manuscript
source), but there are a few cases where I have not yet had the chance
to see the relevant material. Since this chart is quite long, please
copy only the relevant part(s) of the chart if you wish to post a
comment.

Stewart Baldwin

Generation 1:

1. Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, prince of North Wales, d. 1240
[AC.b 1240: "Obiit magnus Achilles secundus, dominus
scilicet Lewelinus filius Gervaisi filii Owini Guynet, tunc
princeps Walliae, ..."]. [ByT, MG.1, JC.28-29]

Generation 2:

2. Iorwerth Drwyndwn ab Owain Gwynedd [MG.1, JC.28]

3. Margred ferch Madog [JC.29]

Generation 3:

4. Owain Gwynedd, d. 1169, king of Gwynedd, 1137-69. [MG.1,
JC.28]

5. Gwladus ferch Llywarch [ABT.2a]

6. Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys Fadog, d. 1160 [AC.b
1161: "Madoc Powysorum princeps obiit."] [MG.3, JC.29]

7. Unknown. [Note: Possibly Susanna ferch Gruffudd ap
Cynan (sister of #4), who was wife of Madog ap Maredudd, but
Madog is known to have had children by other women also, and
Bartrum does not list a mother for Margred in his charts,
indicating that the early sources do not identify Margred's
mother. PF, vol. 1, pp. 119-124 state that Margred
(Margaret) was daughter of Madog by Susanna, but this source
also gives Madog a chronologically impossible second wife
Maude who md. 2nd, John Fitz Alan, d. 1268, earl of
Arundel, who lived a hundred years later, so PF cannot be
considered reliable on this matter.]

Generation 4:

8. Gruffydd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd, d. 1137 [AC.b 1137:
"Grifinus filius Conani obiit."]. [GaC, MG.1, JC.28]

9. Angharad ferch Owain [ABT.5]

10. Llywarch ap Trahaern, active 1109-1124 [ByT] [ABT.2a]

11. Unknown [Note: Bartrum p. 354 gives Dyddgu ferch
Iorwerth ap Cadwgan ab Elystan Glodrudd in this position,
but his only source is the late visitation LD.ii.24, which
names Dyddgu as the mother of another child of Llywarch, but
not of Gwladus (#5). In addition, the sources given by
Bartrum for Dyddgu's alleged father Iorwerth ap Cadwgan are
all late 16th century or later, so Iorwerth's existence is
also uncertain. In my opinion, this link should be regarded
as dubious.]

12. Maredudd ap Bleddyn, d. 1132 (AC.b 1132: "Maredut
filius Bledint dux Powisorum obiit.") [MG.3, JC.27]

13. Hunydd ferch Einudd [EWGT]

14-15. Unknown

Generation 5:

16. Cynan ab Iago [JC.25, GaC]

17. Radnaillt of Dublin [GaC] [Note: The name of the wife
of Cynan ap Iago, her parentage, and her mother's parentage
are known only from GaC (and sources dependant on GaC).
Although reservations have sometimes been expressed
regarding this information, enough of the data from the
pedigrees of Radnaillt are verified in Irish sources that I
am inclined to regard the information as genuine.]

18. Owain ab Edwin, d. 1104 [AC.b 1104: "Owinus filius
Edwinus obiit."], Welsh chieftan in Tegeingl. [ABT.2]

19. Morwyl ferch Ednywain Bendew? [ABT.2] [Note: She was
the mother of Owain's son Gronwy, but it is not clear from
the sources available to me whether or not any early source
makes her mother of Angharad.]

20 Trahaern ap Caradog, of Arwystli, d. 1081 [AC], king of
Gwynedd [ByT, ABT.2a]

21. Unknown. [According to BWG, she was Nest, daughter of
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (d. 1063), the first (and only) native
king of all of Wales. Gruffudd did have a daughter named
Nest, wife of Osbern Fitz Richard, but there is no evidence
that she was also married to Trahaern ap Caradog, and no
early source for a second daughter named Nest. The sources
given by Bartrum for this link are all very late, the
earliest being Lewys Dwnn's visitation of Wales which
started in 1586 (LD.ii.107), and the other two cited sources
being early 17th century manuscripts. LD.ii.107 has Nest
marrying 1st Trahaern, and 2nd, the mythical Fleance son of
Banquo (both characters in Shakespeare's Macbeth). I am
inclined to regard the supposed marriage of Trahaern ap
Caradog to a daughter of Gruffudd ap Llewelyn as a very
late invention.]

22-23. Unknown

24. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, king of Gwynedd and Powys, d. 1075
[EWGT]

25. Haer ferch Cillin [EWGT]

26. Einudd [ap Morien? etc.], of Dyffrin Clwyd [EWGT]
[Note: See BWG for supposed earlier generations. I am
inclined to regard the generations prior to Einudd as
dubious, because of the late sources and the lack
identifiably historical individuals among the alleged
ancestors.]

27-31. Unknown

Generation 6:

32. Iago ab Idwal, d. 1039 [AC, AU], king of Gwynedd,
[JC.25, see also DNB.10.408]

33. Unknown. {Note: BWG, citing a late 15th century
source, gives her as Afandreg ferch Gwair ap Pill etc., a
supposed descendant of the legendary Llywarch Hen. I
consider this data doubtful.]

34. Amlaib mac Sitric, royal heir of Dublin, d. 1034 [AU]
[GaC]

35. Maelcorcre ingen Dunlaing [GaC] [See note under #17]

36. Edwin ap Gronwy [Note: BWG cites PP.36(1), and I do not
know the primary source for the name of Edwin's father, so I
consider his ancestry tentative, until I see more regarding
the sources.]

37. Iwerydd ferch Cynfyn. [ByT.1113-1116]

38? Ednywain Bendew I [ap Neinad?], living 1079. [Note: See
the note under #19. The numerous different versions of his
pedigree indicate that it is probably unreliable.]

39. Unknown.

40. Caradog. [Note: As father of Trahaern ap Caradog, only
his first name is certain. The earlier names in the various
versions of his pedigree (which vary widely from one
manuscript source to another) are probably late inventions.]

41. Unknown. [Note: The Welsh annals (AC and ByT) refer to
Trahaern ap Caradog as a cousin of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (#24),
which has led to speculation that Trahaern's mother was
perhaps a sister of Cynfyn ap Gwerystan (#48). However,
although we can be reasonably certain that Trahaern and
Bleddyn were cousins, this information is not enough to nail
down the precise relationship.]

42-47. Unknown

48. Cynfyn ap Gwerystan [ByT, EWGT] (also #74)

49. Angharad ferch Maredudd [EWGT]

50. Cillin y Blaidd Rhudd [EWGT]

51-63. Unknown

Generation 7:

64. Idwal ap Meuric, d. ca. 997 [AC], king of Gwynedd.
[EWGT.JC.25, see also DNB 10, 412]

65-67. Unknown.

68. Sitric (Sigtrygg) mac Amlaib, k. Dublin, d. 1042 [AU].

69. Slani ingen Briain [GaC] [See note under #17]

70. Dunlaing mac Tuathail, k. Laigin d. 958 [AU] [GaC]

71. Unknown.

72. Gronwy ab Einion [PP.36(1). See note under #36]

73. Unknown.

74. Cynfyn ap Gwerstan (same as #48)

75. Unknown [Note: She was a different person than
Angharad ferch Maredudd (#49), as ByT.1113-1116 explicitly
states that Iwerydd ferch Cynfyn (#37) was Cynfyn's daughter
by a mother different from Angharad.]

76-95. Unknown

96. Gwerystan [EWGT. Since his name appears in ByT as a
patronymic for Cynfyn, I am inclined to view the name as
correct, but the earlier generations of his pedigree show
wide variation, and are probably a late invention.]

97. Unknown [late sources make her Nest, daughter of Cadell
ap Brochwel, king of Powys, which is chronologically
impossible, so this appears to be a late invention designed
to strengthen the claims of the descendants of Bleddyn ap
Cynfyn to Powys.]

98. Maredudd ap Owain, d. 999 [AC]

99-127. Unknown

Generation 8:

128. Meuric ab Idwal Voel, d. 986 [AC]. [JC.25, see also
DNB 10, 412]

129-135. Unknown.

136. Amlaib (Olaf) Cuaran, k. Dublin & York, d. 981 [AU]

137. Gormlaith ingen Murchada, d. 1030 [AT]. [BS 189, 227]

138. Brian Boruma, k. Ireland, d. 23 Apr 1014 [AU].

139. Unknown. [Brian was married several times, and no
known source states which wife was Slani's mother.]

140. Tuathal mac Augaire, k. Laigin, d. 958 [AU]
[CGH.117c1.ff]

141-143. Unknown.

144. Einion ab Owain ap Hywel Dda. d. 984 [AC] [See note
under #36]

145-147. Unknown.

148-149. same as #96-97

150-195. Unknown.

196. Owain ap Hywel Dda, king of South Wales, d. 988 [AC]
[HG] (also #288)

197? Angharad ferch Llywelyn? [EWGT - more research needed]

198-255. Unknown.

SOURCE ABBREVIATIONS

ABT = Achau Brenhinoedd a Thywysogion Cymru (late medieval),
in EWGT, pp. 95-110.

AC = Annales Cambriae
AC.a = "A" MS. of AC (Harleian MS. 3859, fo. 190r-193r)
AC.b = "B" MS. of AC (BL MS. Cotton Domitian A.1)
AC.c = "C" MS. of AC (P.R.O. MS. E. 164/1)
For a discussion of the compilation of these annals, see
Kathleen Hughes, Celtic Britain in the Early Middle Ages
(Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1980), pp. 67-100. The
main body of these annals is contemporary from the year 796
on. The chronology of AC has not yet been adequately
studied, and dates from AC could easily be off by a few
years. MS. "A" was edited by E. Phillimore in "The Annales
Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies from Harleian MS. 3859",
in Y Cymmrodor 11 (1890/1) 133-75. All three manuscripts
were edited by John William (ab Ithel) in "Annales Cambriae"
(London, 1860, Rolls Series), but this edition is
considered innacurate. (Adequate editions of the B and C
manuscripts apparently still do not exist.)

AT = Annals of Tigernach, edited by Whitley Stokes in Revue
Celtique, vols. 16-18.

AU = Annals of Ulster [edited by Hennessy, Dublin, 1887.
The newer editeion edited by MacAirt and MacNiocaill is
better, but I do not have access to it.]

BS = The Ban Shenchus, edited by Margaret Dobbs in Revue
Celtique vols. 47-49.

BWG = Bartrum, P. C., "Welsh Genealogies, A.D. 300-1400" (8
vols., Cardiff, 1974, supplement vol., 1980) [available on
microfiche from the Family History Library]

ByT = Brut y Tywysogion, a set of annals which are Welsh
translations of Latin annals closely related to the AC
manuscripts. My citations come from the Red Book of Hergest
version of ByT (the only version to which I have access),
edited by Thomas Jones (Univ. of Wales Press, Cardiff,
1955).

CGH = Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae, edited by M. A.
O'Brien (Dublin, 1962).

DNB = Dictionary of National Biography.

EWGT = Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts, edited by P. C.
Bartrum (University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 1966).

HG = Genealogies from Harleian MS. 3859, fo. 193r-195r (a
copy made ca. 1100 of genealogies compiled probably between
954 and 988)

GaC = Genealogies from the work generally known as "Hanes
Gruffudd ap Cynan" (actually titled "Historia hen Gruffud
vab Kenan vab Iago"), of which the earliest manuscript is
Peniarth MS. 17 (mid-13th century), in EWGT, pp. 35-37.
Although a composition of as early as ca. 1170 for the
genealogies has been argued by some, Bartrum argues (EWGT p.
35) that there is no evidence that the pedigrees are earlier
than the manuscript itself.

JC = Jesus College MS. 20 (probably late 14th century), in
EWGT, pp. 41-50.

LD = Heraldic Visitations of Wales and Part of the Marches,
1586-1613, by Lewys Dwnn, edited with notes, by Sir Samuel
Rush Meyrick (Llandovery, Wales, 1846, 2 vols.)

MG = Mostyn MS. 117 (last quarter of 13th century), in EWGT,
pp. 38-39.

PF = "The History of the Princes ... of Powys Fadog" by J.
Y. W. Lloyd (6 vols., London, 1881-7)

PP = "Pedigrees of the Welsh Tribal Patriarchs" by P. C.
Bartrum, in Nationary Library of Wlaes Journal, vol. 13, pp.
93-146 and vol. 15, pp. 157-166. [I have not yet seen this
material.]