Ca^y ca` phe^, ca^y mi'a o+? So+n La

[Ly' Thie^.n]

Ca^y ca` phe^, ca^y mi'a o+? So+n La

Vo+'i ne^`n kinh te^' mang na(.ng
ti'nh tu+. ca^'p, tu+.
tu'c, ti?nh So+n La co' ty? le^. da^n
ddo'i nghe`o cao.
Nho+` pha't trie^?n ca^y co^ng nghie^.p
nhu+ ca` phe^,
mi'a theo hu+o+'ng pha't trie^?n kinh
te^' ha`ng ho'a,
So+n La dda~ co' ho+n 4000 ho^. no^ng
da^n tro^`ng ca`
phe^ va` tro^`ng mi'a, co' nhu+~ng ho^.
la`m a(n gio?i, mo^~i
na(m thu nha^.p 50 - 60 trie^.u ddo^`ng.
Dda^y la` mo^.t
hu+o+'ng go'p pha^`n xo'a ddo'i gia?m
nghe`o o+? ti?nh
mie^`n nu'i So+n La.

Bi' thu+ Huye^.n u?y Thua^.n Cha^u, ti?nh So+n La, Ddinh Ddu+'c Ba ke^?
chuye^.n ve^` ma^'y gia ddi`nh ta.i xa~ Co To`ng trong nha` co`n ngo^, sa('n
tu+` vu. 1996 - 1997, sa(~n lo`ng chia mo^.t nu+?a cho ai mang ba'n
ddu+o+.c. Nuo^i lo+.n lo+'n kho^ng co' ai mua, lo+.n gia` mo.c ra(ng nanh
da`i ba(`ng ngo'n tay dda`nh pha?i xe? thi.t, mo+~ du`ng tha('p sa'ng la`
chuye^.n co' tha^.t. Du` khi va^.n ddo^.ng ba` con cha(n nuo^i, ca'n bo^.
hu+o+'ng da^~n va^.t nuo^i pha?i co' bo^'n cha^n dde^? da('t ra cho+. ba'n.
Ca'c ba?n vu`ng sa^u, vu`ng xa, vu`ng dda(.c bie^.t kho' kha(n pha^`n lo+'n
ddu+o+`ng giao tho^ng chi? ddi ddu+o+.c ba(`ng ddo^i cha^n, vie^.c ba'n mua
no^ng pha^?m va^.t du`ng tha^.t va^'t va?, la`m sao pha't trie^?n kinh te^'
ha`ng ho'a! Cho ne^n, ti?nh mie^`n nu'i So+n La trong nhu+~ng na(m tru+o+'c
ma('t xa'c ddi.nh khu vu+.c thi. xa~ va` ma^'y huye^.n na(`m do.c quo^'c lo^.
so^' 6 la` vu`ng kinh te^' ddo^.ng lu+.c dde^? xa^y du+.ng vu`ng ca^y co^ng
nghie^.p ta^.p trung, ga('n vo+'i co^ng nghie^.p che^' bie^'n.

Ca^y cho sa?n pha^?m xua^'t kha^?u

So+n La nhu+~ng nga`y na`y ddang so^i ddo^.ng thu hoa.ch ca`-phe^. Anh Lo`
Va(n Bo', 41 tuo^?i, o+? Ba?n Nam, xa~ Hua La, ven thi. xa~, mo^.t chu? ho^.
la`m ca`- phe^ kha' gia?, nhie^`u na(m "thu?y chung" vo+'i Co^ng ty ca`-phe^
va` ca^y a(n qua? So+n La. Anh tro^`ng 6,8 ha ca`-phe^, nha^.n dda^'t va`
gio^'ng, va^.t tu+ u+'ng tru+o+'c va` thanh toa'n ba(`ng ba'n sa?n pha^?m cho
co^ng ty; ro^`i la.i nha^.n va^.t tu+ u+'ng tru+o+'c cho chu ky` sau. Dde^'n
nay, vu+o+`n ca`-phe^ cu?a anh dda~ dda^`u tu+ to^?ng co^.ng 240 trie^.u
ddo^`ng, vu. thu hoa.ch na`y la` thu+' ba. Na (m ngoa'i, doanh thu ca`-phe^
la` 180 trie^.u ddo^`ng. Bu` tru+` xong, ti'nh ra anh thie^'u co^ng ty 60
trie^.u ddo^`ng va` vay the^m 40 trie^.u ddo^`ng. Ddang tho+`i vu. thu
hoa.ch, ma^'y ho^m nay ca`-phe^ chi'n ro^., anh thue^ 50 ngu+o+`i ha'i qua?.
Xong vu. na`y, gia ddi`nh anh thanh toa'n du+'t ddie^?m vo+'i co^ng ty va`
co`n du+ ga^`n tra(m trie^.u ddo^`ng. Ke^? ca? thu nha^.p tu+` mi'a, dda^.u
tu+o+ng, cha(n nuo^i ga`, lo+.n mang la.i nguo^`n lo+.i 50 - 60 trie^.u
ddo^`ng/na(m; nie^n vu. sau gia ddi`nh anh se~ ddu? kha? na(ng ta'i dda^`u
tu+ cho ca`-phe^, kho^ng co`n phu. thuo^.c nguo^`n va^.t tu+ u+'ng tru+o+'c
tu+` co^ng ty nu+~a.

Pho' gia'm ddo^'c Co^ng ty ca`-phe^ va` ca^y a(n qua? So+n La Phu`ng
Nhu+ Ddoa'n cho bie^'t:
Tho^ng qua co^ng ty, ho^. no^ng da^n la` ddo^'i ta'c tru+.c tie^'p nha^.n
dda^'t, ho+.p ddo^`ng nha^.n
vo^'n, va^.t tu+, nha^.n chuye^?n giao ky~ thua^.t va` tu+. kinh doanh
tre^n die^.n ti'ch ddu+o+.c giao.
Hie^.n nay, toa`n ti?nh co' 1.700 ha ca`-phe^ ddang thu hoa.ch trong
to^?ng so^' 5.200 ha.
Rie^ng na(m 1998 tro^`ng mo+'i 1.000 ha. Ne^'u na(m 1994 na(ng sua^'t
bi`nh qua^n 400 kg
qua?/ha, toa`n ti?nh co' 100 ta^'n ca`-phe^ qua?, thi` na(m 1997 ca'c con
so^' tu+o+ng u+'ng la` 4
ta^'n/ha va` 5.000 ta^'n ca`-phe^ qua?. Rie^ng vu`ng thi. xa~ na(m 1997
co' 500 ha ca`-phe^ kinh
doanh, na(ng sua^'t bi`nh qua^n 5,2 ta^'n qua?/na(m. So+n La ddang co'
ho+n 4.000 ho^. no^ng
da^n tro^`ng ca`-phe^.

Xu+o+?ng che^' bie^'n ca`-phe^ co^ng sua^'t 2.000 ta^'n qua?/na(m cu?a
ti?nh ddang ddu+o+.c xa^y du+.ng ta.i xa~ Hua La. Anh Ddoa'n cho bie^'t,
cu`ng vo+'i ho^~ tro+. mo^.t pha^`n la~i sua^'t ti'n du.ng a'p du.ng tu+`
ma^'y na(m nay, ti?nh co' chu? tru+o+ng ta(ng sua^'t dda^`u tu+ mo^.t ha
ca`-phe^ tu+` 7 trie^.u le^n 12 trie^.u ddo^`ng cho giai ddoa.n tu+` tro^`ng
mo+'i dde^'n khi co' thu hoa.ch (mo^.t na(m tro^`ng va` hai na(m cha(m so'c
va` ke'o da~n tho+`i ha.n thu ho^`i vo^'n na`y tu+` na(m ca^y 4 tuo^?i
dde^'n 7 tuo^?i thay vi` tu+` 3 dde^'n 5 tuo^?i tru+o+'c dda^y.

Nguye^n lie^.u cho nha` ma'y ddu+o+`ng

Sang chuye^.n ca^y mi'a. Chi? va`i nga`y nu+~a Nha` ma'y ddu+o+`ng thuo^.c
Co^ng ty mi'a ddu+o+`ng So+n La kho+?i ddo^.ng, ba('t dda^`u vu. e'p mi'a
thu+' hai. Ta.i huye^.n Mai So+n, ddo^`ng mi'a to^'t bo+`i bo+`i. Gia ddi`nh
o^ng Dda(.ng Ddi`nh Phu'c, ba?n Me' Le^'ch, xa~ Co` No`i, huye^.n Mai So+n
na(m nay la`m 6 ha mi'a nhu+ng chi? nha^.n 18 trie^.u ddo^`ng u+'ng tru+o+'c
cho 3 ha, co`n 3 ha tu+. dda^`u tu+. O^ng Phu'c cho bie^'t, tuy sua^'t dda^`u
tu+ mo^.t ha mi'a la` ba?y trie^.u ddo^`ng nhu+ng o^ng chi? vay sa'u trie^.u
ddo^`ng. Vu`ng na`y na(ng sua^'t tha^'p nha^'t cu~ng ddu+o+.c 50 ta^'n/ha,
bi`nh thu+o+`ng 60 - 70 ta^'n/ha. Vo+'i gia' mua gom mi'a ca^y cu?a nha`
ma'y ta.i ruo^.ng hie^.n nay ddo^? ddo^`ng 220 ddo^`ng/kg loa.i 1 va` 200
ddo^`ng/kg loa.i 2 thi` ngu+o+`i tro^`ng mi'a thu lo+.i kho^ng du+o+'i hai
trie^.u ddo^`ng/ha, "ne^'u nha` ma'y mua he^'t va` tra? tie^`n ngay". Co`n
ne^'u nha` ma'y ga(.p su+. co^' ky~ thua^.t nhu+ na(m ngoa'i? Se~ la`m
ddu+o+`ng thu? co^ng, tuy kho^ng lo+.i ba(`ng ba'n mi'a ca^y, nhu+ng kho^ng
lo^~, chi? ma^'t co^ng e'p va` va^'t va? khi ba'n. o+? dda^y, cu+' va`i ho^.
tro^`ng mi'a lo+'n co' mo^.t lo` ddu+o+`ng thu? co^ng. Ti'nh ra ca? huye^.n
co' ho+n 140 lo` ddu+o+`ng kie^?u na`y ddang hoa.t ddo^.ng, tie^u thu. ga^`n
65% sa?n lu+o+.ng mi'a. Theo o^ng Phu'c, la~i sua^'t u+u dda~i, co' khi
kho^ng quan tro.ng ba(`ng sua^'t dda^`u tu+ va` tie^u thu. sa?n pha^?m.
Ddu+o+.c bie^'t vu. mi'a 1997 - 1998 Co^ng ty mi'a ddu+o+`ng So+n La che^'
bie^'n ddu+o+.c ga^`n 4.000 ta^'n ddu+o+`ng, tu+o+ng ddu+o+ng 43.000 ta^'n
mi'a ca^y, tie^u thu. khoa?ng mo^.t pha^`n ba lu+o+.ng mi'a tre^n ddi.a ba`n
ti?nh.

Nhu+~ng ddie^`u ca^`n ru't kinh nghie^.m

Chu'ng to^i tru+.c tie^'p ga(.p ca'n bo^. nghie^.p vu. cu?a doanh nghie^.p
Nha` nu+o+'c (NDNN) va` ca'n bo^. qua?n ly' o+? mo^.t so^' nga`nh tre^n
ti?nh, ddu+o+.c bie^'t: tho^ng tin ve^` vie^.c vu. mi'a 1997 - 1998, Nha`
nu+o+'c co`n no+. ngu+o+`i sa?n xua^'t khoa?ng 24 - 25 ta^'n mi'a chu+a tra?
tie^`n la` co' tha^.t, nhu+ng kho^ng pha?i mua chi.u do kho^ng co' nguo^`n
vo^'n hoa(.c kho^ng co' tie^`n ma(.t tra? cho da^n. Ma` thu+.c te^' mo'n
no+. ddo' la` do nhie^`u nguye^n nha^n. Cha(?ng ha.n, ngu+o+`i cho+? mi'a
thue^ ba'n cho nha` ma'y dda~ la^'y tie^`n, nhu+ng chu+a tra? cho chu? ha`ng,
hoa(.c ca^n xong, ca^`m ho'a ddo+n nhu+ng co`n tha('c ma('c pha^?m ca^'p,
cho ne^n chu+a la^'y tie^`n; va` cu~ng co' the^? vu. dda^`u thu mua o^` a.t
nguye^n lie^.u mi'a cho nha` ma'y hoa.t ddo^.ng, ca'n bo^. chu+a co' kinh
nghie^.m ne^n kha^u chua^?n bi. chu+a to^'t, thie^'u tie^`n ma(.t no+. da^n
mo^.t, hai nga`y, he.n nga`y tra? cu~ng kho^ng tha^'y dde^'n... Co`n ca`-phe^
nha^n thi` ty? le^. ha.t le'p, ha.t kho^ng ddu? tie^u chua^?n cu?a loa.i 1
ddu+o+.c quy ddi.nh la` 5%, nhu+ng khi kie^?m tra ma^~u ba(`ng ca'ch cho
va`o nu+o+'c, ty? le^. ha.t ke'm cha^'t lu+o+.ng (no^?i le^n) thu+o+`ng
chie^'m to+'i 12 - 15%, do ddo' pha?i xuo^'ng ca^'p. No^ng da^n la.i ke^u
ca'n bo^. thu mua e'p ca^'p, e'p gia', bi. thie^.t tho`i. Vi' nhu+, chu?
ho^. ddie^?n hi`nh tro^`ng nhie^`u ca`-phe^ Lo` Va(n Po' o+? ba?n Nam, xa~
Ha Lua, ngoa.i o^ thi. xa~ So+n La, dda~ tu+`ng than va~n bi. e'p ca^'p cho
ne^n vu. ca`-phe^ 1998 na`y tha^'t thu to+'i 40 trie^.u ddo^`ng. Bie^'t the^'
nhu+ng kho^ng la`m a(n vo+'i doanh nghie^.p thi` la`m a(n vo+'i ai o+? vu`ng
nu'i cao xa la('c xa lo+ na`y, khi ga^`n 7 ha ca`-phe^ va`o mu`a chi'n ro^.!

Nghe to+'i dda^y kho^ng i't ngu+o+`i tha^`m tra'ch DNNN cu+?a quye^`n, dda~
kho^ng ba?o ve^. quye^`n lo+.i ngu+o+`i sa?n xua^'t, nha^'t la` ddo^'i vo+'i
ddo^`ng ba`o ca'c da^n to^.c vu`ng cao mo+'i la`m quen vo+'i sa?n xua^'t
ha`ng ho'a, chuye^?n di.ch co+ ca^'u kinh te^' ddu+a ca'c loa.i ca^y na`y
la`m mu~i nho.n kinh doanh. Ta^'t nhie^n, phi'a DNNN, do vu. dda^`u thu mua
chu+a co' kinh nghie^.m, cho ne^n kho^ng tra'nh kho?i thie^'u so't. No^ng
da^n la`m kinh te^' ha`ng ho'a trong ne^`n kinh te^' thi. tru+o+`ng, cu+'
dda^u gia' cao thi` ba'n, tha^'p thi` mua. Co' mo^.t so^' ngu+o+`i cho.n
ca`-phe^ loa.i to^'t ba'n cho tu+ nha^n, ca`-phe^ ho^~n ho+.p thi` mo+'i ddem
ba'n cho Nha` nu+o+'c. Kho^ng dda.t loa.i 1, pha?i ha. xuo^'ng loa.i 2, gia'
re?... Trong quan he^. mua ba'n no^ng sa?n, ngu+o+`i ba'n, ngu+o+`i mua
cu`ng ho+.p ta'c, ho^~ tro+. va` hie^?u nhau thi` mo+'i ba?o dda?m lo+.i i'ch
cho nhau, la`m a(n la^u da`i. Sai thi` su+?a, ddu'ng thi` pha't huy.

Ca^y mi'a, ca^y ca`-phe^ va` che` bu'p o+? So+n La dda~ tro+? tha`nh
mo^.t trong nhu+~ng nho'm
ca^y co^ng nghie^.p chu? ye^'u; vo+'i nhu+~ng du+. a'n quy hoa.ch dda^`u
tu+ pha't trie^?n la^u da`i.
Ca'i ddu+o+.c ban dda^`u dda~ co' su+'c thuye^'t phu.c, nhu+ng cu~ng co`n
nhie^`u vie^.c pha?i la`m
tie^'p nha(`m ta.o ra mo^'i quan he^. ddo^'i ta'c suo^n se? va` hie^.u
qua? kinh te^' cao tu+` sa?n xua^'t
dde^'n tie^u thu., ta.o ddo^.ng lu+.c mo+'i cho ne^`n kinh te^' o+? So+n
La tie^'p tu.c ddi le^n.

Hu+~u Ha.nh va` Phan Hoa`ng

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So^ng sa^u bie^?n ro^.ng ai -da`o ma` sa^u ?
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