Ca?i Ca'ch Ruo^.ng DDa^'t
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DDa?ng ta co' dda^'t
Nha` nu+o+'c co' ruo^.ng
Nha^n da^n bu` tra^'t.
BenLong
DDo^'i Thoa.i dda~ sao che'p ba`i pho?ng va^'n tu+` ca'c chu+o+ng
tri`nh pha't thanh cua? RFA. Trong mu.c ddi'ch go+?i dde^'n ddo^.c
gia? ca'c ba`i pho?ng va^'n ba(`ng da.ng vie^'t tha^.t nhanh, ne^'u
co' su+. so+ so't , xin ta'c gia? , ddo^.c gia? va` dda`i RFA tho^ng
ca?m. Mo+`i ddo^.c gia? nghe la.i buo^?i pha't thanh dde^? hie^.u
ddi'nh ca'c cho^~ sai tru+o+'c khi xu+? du.ng.
Gio+'i Thie^.u: Ca'c giai ddoa.n cu?a cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng
dda^'t
Nguye^~n An, pho'ng vie^n dda`i RFA, 16.5.06
Pho?ng va^'n nha` nghie^n cu+'u Su+? Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng
Mo+? dda^`u loa.t ba`i ve^` cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t die^~n
ra
ta.i mie^`n Ba('c VN 50 na(m tru+o+'c dda^y, chu'ng to^i xin gu+?i
dde^'n quy' thi'nh gia? cuo^.c pho?ng va^'n cu?a BTV Nguye^~n An vo
+'i
nha` nghie^n cu+'u su+? Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng ve^` ca'c giai ddoa.n cu?a
cuo^.c Ca?i Ca'ch Ruo^.ng dda^'t ba('t dda^`u tu+` na(m 1949 va`
cha^'m du+'t va`o na(m 1956. O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng hie^.n ddang sinh
so^'ng ta.i Canada.
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: Muo^'n no'i dde^'n bo^'i ca?nh va` mu.c
ddi'ch
cu?a cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t thi` co' le~ chu'ng ta pha?i
ba('t dda^`u tu+` dda^`u. Tu+'c la` ba('t dda^`u tu+` cuo^.c chie^'n
tranh 46-54. Cuo^.c chie^'n tranh na`y co' the^? chia ra la`m hai
giai
ddoa.n: tu+` 46-49 va` tu+` 49-54.
Na(m 1949 la` na(m ca^`n pha?i chu' y', thu+a anh, la` vi` na(m na`y
co' hai su+. kie^.n quan tro.ng. Su+. kie^.n thu+' nha^'t la` chi'nh
phu? Ba?o DDa.i ra ddo+`i sau hie^.p ddi.nh E'lyse' na(m 1949. Thu+'
hai la` nu+o+'c Co^.ng ho`a nha^n da^n Trung Hoa ddu+o+.c tha`nh
la^.p
va`o 1/10/1949. Khi chi'nh phu? Ba?o DDa.i ddu+o+.c tha`nh la^.p,
nhie^`u ngu+o+`i ro+`i bo? chie^'n khu dde^? ve^` tha`nh thi. sinh
so^'ng theo chi'nh phu? Ba?o DDa.i. Ngoa`i ha^.u qua? chi'nh tri.,
thi` vie^.c tro+? ve^` tha`nh thi. la`m cho Vie^.t Minh ma^'t ddi
nguo^`n nha^n lu+.c, nha^'t la` thie^'u thanh thie^'u nie^n dde^?
ddu+a va`o bo^. ddo^.i. Co`n ve^` phi'a Trung Hoa, khi ma` DDa?ng CS
le^n ca^`m quye^`n o+? Trung Hoa tha`nh la^.p nu+o+'c Co^.ng Ho`a
Nha^n Da^n Trung Hoa thi` Trung Hoa vie^.n tro+. cho Vie^.t Minh vu~
khi' va` vu+`a ca? nha^n su+. nu+~a. Cho ne^n Vie^.t Minh chuye^?n
tu+` du ki'ch chie^'n qua va^.n ddo^.ng chie^'n mo+? nhu+~ng tra^.n
dda'nh lo+'n cho^'ng Pha'p. Tha`nh ra, na(m 1949 ma` mo^'c gio+'i
quan
tro.ng trong chie^'ng tranh VN.
Ngoa`i ra, ne^'u ti'nh tu+` na(m 1946 chie^'n tranh dda~ xa?y ra cho
dde^'n na(m 1949 (chie^'n tranh dda~ xa?y ra 3 na(m) thi` da^n chu'ng
ta?n cu+ tu+` vu`ng na`y sang vu`ng kha'c, hoa(.c la` bo? vu`ng que^
ra tha`nh thi. sinh so^'ng ne^n co' nhie^`u dda^'t ddai bo? hoang,
kho^ng canh ta'. Vi` va^.y ma` Vie^.t Minh mo+? cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t dde^? gia?i quye^'t hai nhu ca^`u tre^n cu?a ho..
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a, nhu ca^`u thu+' nha^'t la` thie^'u ngu+o+`i, va`
nhu ca^`u thu+' hai la` ....
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: Lu+o+ng thu+.c cho bo^. ddo^.i.
Nguye^~n An: The^' nhu+ va^.y cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t nhu+
anh vu+`a no'i thi` co' the^? coi nhu+ ba('t dda^`u tu+` na(m 1949?
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: Da. va^ng!
Nguye^~n An: Va` no' ke'o da`i dde^'n na(m 1956, nhu+ va^.y no' qua
bao nhie^u giai ddoa.n?
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: Thu+a anh, no' qua ta^'t ca? la` 5 giai
ddoa.n.
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a, la` nhu+~ng giai ddoa.n na`o?
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: 5 giai ddoa.n na`y ba('t dda^`u la` no'
ddu+o+.c dda'nh da^'u ba(`ng sa('c le^.nh ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t.
Thu+' nha^'t la` tu+` na(m 1949, na(m na`y dde^? khuye^'n khi'ch
no^ng
da^n ra su+'c ca`y bu+`a thi` nha` ca^`m quye^`n Vie^.t Minh ra sa('c
le^.nh dde^? tha`nh la^.p ho^.i ddo^`ng gia?m to^. Ho. a^'n ddi.nh
ra(`ng ca'c chu? dda^'t pha?i gia?m to^'i thie^?u va` ddo^`ng bo^.
tie^`n thue^ dda^'t ( to^ tu+'c la` tie^`n thue^ dda^'t ) cho ta'
ddie^`n ( tu+'c la` no^ng da^n ca`y ruo^.ng). Co' no+i gia?m dde^'n
35% tie^`n thue^ dda^'t. Sau ddo', tho^ng tu+ lie^n bo^. cu?a na(m
1949 ddu+a ra nguye^n ta('c chu? ye^'u ve^` pha^n chia ta.m tho+`i
ruo^.ng dda^'t cho no^ng da^n ma` nhu+~ng ruo^.ng dda^'t na`y ho.
ti.ch thu ddu+o+.c tu+` ddie^`n chu? cu?a ngu+o+`i Pha'p. Tu+`
ddie^`n
chu? la` nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i ma` Vie^.t Minh go.i la` Vie^.t gian, tu+'c
la` nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i ma` Vie^.t Minh ke^'t to^.i tho^ng Pha'p hoa(.c
la` nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i kho^ng co^.ng ta'c vo+'i Vie^.t Minh.
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a, giai ddoa.n na`y ke'o da`i bao la^u a.?
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: Thu+a, giai ddoa.n na`y cu~ng chi? trong na(m
1949 tho^i! Bo+?i vi` trong na(m 1950 dda~ thay ddo^?i sa('c le^.nh
nga`y 12 tha'ng 2 na(m 1950 la` to^?ng ddo^.ng vie^n toa`n bo^.
nguo^`n nha^n lu+.c (tu+'c la` ngu+o+`i) ,va^.t lu+.c(gia su'c va`
no^ng cu.) va` ta`i lu+.c( tu+'c la` tie^`n ba.c) cho to^? quo^'c.
Trong na(m 1950 na`y, xua^'t hie^.n cu`ng mo^.t lu'c 2 sa('c le^.nh,
cu`ng mo^.t nga`y nu+~a. Sa('c le^.nh I la` xoa' bo? ta^'t ca? ca'c
ho+.p ddo^`ng vay no+. giu+~a ta' ddie^`n va` ddie^`n chu? ky' ke^'t
tru+o+'c na(m 1945 va` xoa' bo? ca'c ho+.p ddo^`ng ky' sau na(m 1945
ne^'u con no+. dda~ tra? ddu? 100%
Nguye^~n An: Nhu+ va^.y, ca? la~i la^~n vo^'n dda~ tra? ro^`i ma`
ba(`ng ca'i so^' vo^'n vay ban dda^`u thi` xoa' luo^n?
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: Da, xoa' luo^n! Cu`ng sa('c le^.nh II ddo'
la`
quo^'c hu+~u hoa' ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng dda^'t ddai bo? hoang trong 5
na(m
lie^n tu.c, thi` nhu+~ng dda^'t ddai na`y la^'y va` chia la.i cho
no^ng da^n.
Nhu+ng ma` ngang dda^y, tu+'c la` na(m 1950 thi` no' co' nhu+~ng su+.
kie^.n quan tro.ng ma` ca'i quan tro.ng nha^'t la` o^ng Ho^` Chi'
Minh
qua tha(m Ba('c Kinh tha'ng 1/1950 ro^`i qua tha(m Ma.c Tu+ Khoa.
Trong cuo^.c ga(.p go+~ ta.i Ma.c Tu+ Khoa giu+~a o^ng Ho^` va`
Stalin, thi` Stalin thu'c ba'ch o^ng Ho^` thu+.c hie^.n 2 vie^.c:
vie^.c thu+' nha^'t la` o^ng Ho^` pha?i ta'i co^ng khai DDa?ng CS,
va`
vie^.c thu+' hai la` o^ng Ho^` pha?i dda^?y ma.nh cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t theo ddu+o+`ng lo^'i CS. DDe^? chua^?n bi. cho vie^.c
ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t thi` o^ng Ho^` mo+? phong tra`o chi?nh
hua^'n theo ddu+o+`ng lo^'i cu?a CS Trung Hoa
Nguye^~n An: Va` sau chuye^'n ddi cu?a o^ng Ho^` thi` ba('t dda^`u
cho
giai ddoa.n 3 cha(ng?
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: Da. va^ng! Thi` sau ddo' chua^?n bi. ba('t
dda^`u cho giai ddoa.n 3.
Tru+o+'c giai ddoa.n 3, o^ng Ho^` dda~ cu+? pha'i ddoa`n sang Trung
Ho.a dde^? ho.c khoa' ho.c ve^` chu? nghi~a Mac-LeNin o+? Ba('c Kinh.
Nhu+ng tha^.t su+. ra ddo' la` ho.c ve^` phu+o+ng thu+'c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t theo ddu+o+`ng lo^'i cu?a Trung Co^.ng. Va` pha'i
ddoa`n na`y tro+? ve^` thi` ddu+o+.cDDa?ng CS to^? chu+'c go+?i thi'
ddie^?m ta^'t ca? ca'c no+i o+? Ba('c va` Ba('c Trung Vie^.t; co`n o
+?
Trung Nam cu~ng co' nhu+ng ma` o+? nhu+~ng mie^`n sa^u, co`n nhu+~ng
mie^`n ba'n Bi`nh Nguye^n la` nhu+~ng mie^`n ddo^`ng ba(`ng ga^`n
vo+'i ca'c ti?nh thi` i't tha^'y xua^'t hie^.n.
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a, nhu+ va^.y thi` giai ddoa.n 3 ke'o da`i bao la^u
va` dda(.c ddie^?m cu?a no' la` gi`?
O^ng Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng: No' ba('t dda^`u ba(`ng sa('c le^.nh nga`y 20
tha'ng 4 na(m1953 dda(ng tre^n co^ng ba'o cu?a Vie^.t Minh.
DDa(.c ddie^?m cu?a no' la` ngoa`i lua^.t le^. the^m va`o thi` lua^.t
mo+'i la` quye^'t ddi.nh ti.ch thu ta^'t ca? ta`i sa?n cu?a dde^'
quo^'c Pha'p, cu?a Vie^.t gian, cu?a ddi.a chu? a'c o^n. Va` no' co'
mo^.t dda(.c ddie^?m nu+~a ddo' la` giai ddoa.n 3 na`y ba('t dda^`u
tha`nh la^.p uy? ban No^ng Nghie^.p ca'c ca^'p. U?y? ban No^ng
Nghie^.p trung u+o+ng do thu? tu+o+'ng ddu+'ng dda^`u, va` o+? ca'c
tha`nh pho^' dde^'n ca^'p xa~ cu~ng co' uy? ban No^ng Nghie^p Va`
ba('t dda^`u tha^'y xua^'t hie^.n nhu+~ng cuo^.c dda^'u to^'. Nhu+ng
ma` khi ddo' ba('t dda^`u su+?a soa.n ho^.i nghi. Geneva, cho ne^n
Vie^.t Minh nhe. tay dde^? tra'nh la`m xo^n xao du+ lua^.n.
The^' co`n qua giai ddoa.n 4 la` no' ba('t dda^`u quy ddi.nh toa` a'n
nha^n da^n dde^? xe't xu+? nhu+~ng tha`nh pha^`n cho^'ng la.i cuo^.c
ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t. Nhu+ng ma` giai ddoa.n 4 mo+'i tie^'n
ha`nh
thi` xa?y ra hie^.p ddi.nh Geneva. Tuy co' toa` a'n nha^n da^n nhu+ng
chu+a xa?y ra vu. dda^'u to^' ru`ng ro+.n nhu+ sau na(m 1954.
BenLong
Nguye^~n An pho?ng va^'n o^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n
Pho?ng va^'n o^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n trong giai ddoa.n a^'y la` mo^.t ca'n bo^.
trung ca^'p. O^ng tu+`ng la` bi' thu+ qua^.n uy? ngoa.i tha`nh Ha`
No^.i tru+o+'c khi ra co^ng khai, tro+? tha`nh pho' chu? ti.ch uy?
ban
ha`nh chi'nh Ha` No^.i va`o na(m 1954.
O^ng tha^'u hie^?u tu+`ng bu+o+'c cu?a cu.o^c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng
dda^'t va` dda~ tru+.c tie^'p la`m co^ng ta'c su+?a sai sau ddo' ta.i
ngoa.i tha`nh Ha` No^.i. Hie^.n o^ng Ca^`n sinh so^'ng ta.i Matxco
+va.
Mo+`i quy' thi'nh gia? theo do~i cuo^.c trao ddo^?i giu+~a BTV
Nguye^~n An va` o^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n.
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a o^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n, ky` tru+o+'c o^ng co'
no'i la` trong cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t thi` ca? mo^.t dda.o
qua^n ddu+o+.c chua^?n bi. tha^.t la` ky~ lu+o+~ng dde^? ra tra^.n.
Ma` mu~i xung ki'ch xuo^'ng tu+`ng xa~ la` ddo^.i ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng
dda^'t. Va^.y thi` ddo^.i ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t ddo' hoa.t
ddo^.ng
nhu+ the^' na`o?
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: To^i xin gio+'i thie^.u chu+o+ng tri`nh cu?
a
mo^.t ddo+.t ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t o+? mo^.t xa~ dde^? ba.n nghe
dda`i hie^?u ddu+o+.c la` vi` ba^y gio+` dda~ la^u, nhie^`u ngu+o+`i
kho^ng bie^'t qua' tri`nh la`m nhu+ the^' na`o. Tu+'c la` khi ddo^.i
xuo^'ng xa~, vie^.c ddo' ra^'t la` bi' ma^.t - coi nhu+ ddo+.t ddo^.t
ki'ch o+? tre^n ddu+a xuo^'ng. Khi ddo^.i ca?i ca'ch xuo^'ng xa~
ro^`i
thi` vie^.c dda^`u tie^n la` ngu+o+`i ta ha.n che^' vie^.c ddi ra ddi
va`o. Ngu+o+`i ta so+. vie^.c pha^n ta'n ta`i sa?n cu?a ddi.a chu?.
Ngu+o+`i ta ddi`nh chi? co^ng vie^.c cu?a ca'c u?y ban la~nh dda.o,
ngu+o+`i tru+o+?ng co^ng an cho dde^'n ngu+o+`i chi? huy du ki'ch
v.v... Lu'c ba^'y gio+` toa`n bo^. co^ng vie^.c do ddo^.i na('m.
RFA: "DDo^.i se~ xa^y du+.ng nho'm ngu+o+`i go.i la` "ba^`n co^'
no^ng" co^'t ca'n theo ca'ch thu+'c ma` nha` va(n Vu~ Thu+ Hie^n ke^?
la.i nhu+ sau:
"Co' anh ddo^.i, anh ddo^.i ve^` dda^'y la` o+? trong nha` no^ng da^n
la` 3 cu`ng: a(n cu`ng, o+? cu`ng, lao ddo^.ng cu`ng. Tha(m nghe`o
ho?i kho^?, tu+'c la` ho?i xem ho^`i xu+a so^'ng nhu+ the^' na`o,
ddi.a chu? no' bo^'c lo^.t ra sao. Xong ro^`i "ba('t re^~", tu+'c la`
anh na`y tin tu+o+?ng ddu+o+.c thi` ba('t anh na`y la`m re^~. Tu+`
anh
ba('t re^~ thi` ho?i nga`y xu+a kho^? nhu+ anh thi` co' ai, cu~ng
la`m
ta' ddie^`n nhu+ anh thi` co' nhu+~ng ai, anh bie^'t ai kho^? nha^'t.
Ti`m mo^.t anh A, chi. B na`o nu+~a thi` go.i la` "xa^u chuo^~i".
Nhu+~ng tu+` lu'c ba^'y gio+` ma` to^i co`n nho+' la` no' nhu+
va^.y."
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: Ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng lo+`i to^' kho^? cu?a
nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i co^'t ca'n ddo' thi` dde^`u ddu+o+.c ghi che'p le^n
ho^` so+, nhi`n va`o dde^? pha^n bie^.t ddu+o+.c ddi.a chu?, pha^n
bie^.t ddu+o+.c pha?n ddo^.ng, pha^n bie^.t ddu+o+.c nha^n da^n.
Ro^`i cu~ng qua lo+`i to^' kho^? ddo', dde^? hie^?u ddu+o+.c va`
pha^n
ddi.nh tha`nh pha^`n ai la` co^ng no^ng, ai la` ba^`n co^' no^ng. Khi
dda~ xa'c ddi.nh ddu+o+.c le^n ho^` so+ ai la` ddi.a chu? ro^`i thi`
vie^.c dda^`u tie^n la` pha?i bao va^y gia ddi`nh ddo', kho^ng cho
ddi
ra kho?i nha`. Tie^'p tu.c ngay la^.p tu+'c la` truy ta`i sa?n.
Vi` va^'n dde^` na`y la` va^'n dde^` ma` theo mu.c ddi'ch ca?i ca'ch
la` dde^? sau na`y co`n co' cu?a dde^? chia cho ba^`n co^' no^ng. Cu?
a
no^~i thi` ro~ ro^`i, nhu+ng cu?a chi`m la` va`ng ba.c, tie^`n thi`
ra^'t kho' cho ne^n pha?i truy ta`i sa?n. Nhu+ng no'i thu+.c ra anh
em
ho. va^~n go.i la` "truy cu?a" hay "tra cu?a". Truy nga`y, truy dde^m
lie^n tu.c.
To^i co`n nho+' khi to^i ddi ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t o+? Tha'i
Bi`nh
thi` co' nghe mo^.t ca^u than nhu+ the^' na`y, dde^'n ba^y gio+` to^i
va^~n co`n nho+':
Truy dde^m ro^`i la.i truy nga`y
Tra lui tra to+'i cu?a ma`y dde^? dda^u
Sa^n vu+o+`n, chuo^`ng lo+.n, bo+` ao
DDa`o tung, xo+'i he^'t cha(?ng sao: co' va`ng
Tro+`i o+i, oan tha^.t la` oan
Tha^n con qua' kho^? bie^'t la`m sao dda^y
Co`n vie^.c la^.p ho^` so+ ca'c loa.i ddi.a chu?, cu+o+`ng ha`o
v.v...
thi` chu? ye^'u du+.a va`o lo+`i to^' cu?a ba^`n co^' no^ng. Nhu+ng
co' mo^.t ddie^`u co' the^? no'i la` ngu+o+`i ta dda'nh va`o lo`ng
tham lam, va`o lo`ng ha^.n thu`. Co' khi ba` con lu'c dda^`u ho.
kho^ng muo^'n to^', nhu+ng ne^'u ma` kho^ng to^' thi` tu+'c la`
du+o+`ng nhu+ mi`nh co' lie^n quan dde^'n ddi.a chu?, mi`nh chu+a co'
tha'i ddo^. du+'t khoa't. Va` ngu+o+`i ta no'i ra(`ng ai to^' nhie^`u
thi` sau na`y ba? thu+.c, tu+'c la` chia tie^`n, chia ruo^.ng dda^'t,
chia ta`i sa?n v.v... thi` se~ ddu+o+.c nhie^`u. Cho ne^n, no'i
tha^.t
dda'nh va`o lo`ng tham, dda'nh va`o lo`ng ha^.n thu`, cho ne^n cu~ng
nhie^`u ngu+o+`i to^' ra^'t bu+`a ba~i. O+? no^ng tho^n lu'c ba^'y
gio+` go.i la` "to^' ddie^u" hoa(.c "to^' dda.i ho^.i", "to^' bu+`a".
Nhu+ng kho^'n no^~i, ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng lo+`i to^' ddo' dde^`u coi nhu
+
nhu+~ng ba(`ng chu+'ng dde^? ke^'t to^.i ngu+o+`i ddi.a chu?, hoa(.c
ngu+o+`i ddo^'i tu+o+.ng ma` mi`nh coi la` pha?n ddo^.ng hay dda?ng
pha'i v.v... Cho ne^n sau khi le^n ho^` so+ ro^`i, tu+'c la` ddu+a
le^n ddoa`n ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t, tu+'c la` ddoa`n duye^.t xong
va` chua^?n bi. cho vie^.c dda^'y va` xu+? a'n.
Nguye^~n An: Va^.y la` coi nhu+ ho^` so+ xu+? a'n dda~ xong ro^`i,
the^' ba^y gio+` chi'nh phie^n xu+? cu?a to`a a'n nha^n da^n thi`
die^~n ra nhu+ the^' na`o?
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: To^? chu+'c to`a a'n la` to^? chu+'c cuo^.c
dda^'u. Tru+o+'c ddo' bao nhie^u nga`y pha?i chua^?n bi., ngu+o+`i ta
la`m nhu+ la` mo^.t die^~n ta^.p cho mo^.t vo+~ ki.ch, tu+'c la`
mo^~i
ngu+o+`i no^ng da^n le^n to^' nhu+ the^' na`o, ro^`i y' cho ho. chi?
ma(.t nhu+ the^' na`o, tu+'c la` xi?a va`o ma(.t cu?a ddi.a chu?,
ba('t qui` xuo^'ng nhu+ the^' na`o... v.v... ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng ca'i
ddo' ddu+o+.c dda.o die^~n tru+o+'c mo^.t ca'ch ra^'t ca^?n tha^.n.
Nguye^~n An: Co' ve~ ho. ta^.p do+.t tru+o+'c ta^'t ca? mo.i thu+',
ca? ai no'i gi`, pha?n u+'ng ra sao, ho^ kha^?u hie^.u nhu+ the^'
na`o.
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: DDu'ng ro^`i, khi na`o ddi.a chu? no'i ca'i
gi` ma` co' the^? ga^y ra ddie^`u tu+. be^nh vu+.c hoa(.c gi` dda^'y,
thi` dde^? la^'n a'p thi` lu'c ba^'y gio+` pha?i ho^ kha^?u hie^.u
nhu+ the^' na`o v.v... Co' ca? mo^.t ke^' hoa.ch, die^~n ta^.p nhu+
die^~n mo^.t vo+~ tuo^`ng. Nhu+ va^.y dda^'u, co' khi dda^'u 2-3
nga`y
tu`y theo "ti`nh tra.ng nghie^m tro.ng" cu?a ddi.a chu? hay so^'
ngu+o+`i v.v...
Sau khi ke^'t a'n thi` ha`nh quye^'t ngay o+? tru+o+'c ma(.t.
DDa^'y la` ddo+.t sau na`y no' mo+'i va^.y.
Nguye^~n An: Du+o+`ng nhu+ la` va`o lu'c ba^'y gio+` ca'c ddoa`n co^'
va^'n cu?a Trung Quo^'c no'i ra(`ng pha?i la`m sao dde^? co' ty? le^.
5% tre^n to^?ng so^' da^n la` ddi.a chu?. DDie^`u ddo' co' kho^ng va`
ho. dda~ thu+.c hie^.n nhu+ the^' na`o?
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: Ca'i ddo' chi'nh la` mo^.t ca'i kho' kha(n
nha^'t cu?a ca'c ddo^.i, nhu+ va^.y la` ca'i na`y kho^ng chi? la`
co^'
va^'n ddu+a ra ma` pha?i no'i ra(`ng ngay ca? o^ng Tru+o+`ng Chinh
cu~ng no'i nhu+ va^.y trong ho^.i nghi. gia?i thi'ch cho ca'n bo^.
ve^` ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t. Su+. tha^.t ra ty? le^. na`y, mo^.t
su+. chu? quan ra^'t tra^`m tro.ng ve^` ty? le^. nhu+ va^.y. Cho ne^n
co' ti`nh tra.ng la` e'p ca'c ddo^.i pha?i no^ng le^n, go.i la`
"ki'ch
tha`nh pha^`n".
Chi'nh ca'i ddo' dda~ ga^y ra mo^.t tha?m ho.a cho da^n chu'ng trong
ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t. Co' nhie^`u khi vi` bi' qua', cho ne^n
ca'c
ddo^.i, va` ddoa`n cu~ng no'i: "tha` sai ho+n so't", dda^'y la` chu+~
ma` ngu+o+`i ta thu+o+`ng no'i, hoa(.c la` "oan mo^.t ti', nhu+ng
kho^ng dde^? lo.t lu+o+'i". DDa^'y la` nhu+~ng ca^u no'i cu+?a mo^`m
cu?a ca'c ddoa`n va` ca'c ddo^.i.
Nhu+ng su+. tha^.t ra "oan mo^.t ti'" la.i tro+? tha`nh oan mo^.t
tra(m ti', mo^.t nghi`n ti'...
Trong hai buo^?i pha't thanh vu+`a qua, quy' thi'nh gia? dda~ nghe
cuo^.c trao ddo^?i giu+~a BTV Nguye^~n An cu?a ban Vie^.t ngu+~ va`
o^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n ve^` nhu+~ng chua^?n bi. cu?a dda?ng CS va`
nha` nu+o+'c VN cho cu.o^c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t, va` die^~n
tie^'n thu+.c te^' mo^.t ddo+.t ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t ta.i mie^`n
Ba('c VN 50 na(m tru+o+'c dda^y.
On Sep 12, 2:40 pm, hochim...@gmail.com wrote:
BenLong
Die^~n bie^'n cu. the^? mo^.t vu. xu+? a'n ddi.a chu?: Lo+`i ke^? cu?
a
mo^.t na.n nha^n
Vie^.t Hu`ng, pho'ng vie^n dda`i RFA
Pho?ng va^'n o^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim
Thu+a quy' thi'nh gia?, trong buo^?i pha't thanh tru+o+'c, chu'ng
to^i
dda~ go+?i dde^'n quy' thi'nh gia? cuo^.c pho?ng va^'n cu?a BTV
Nguye^~n An vo+'i nha` tho+ Nguye^~n Chi' Thie^.n - dda~ ta^.n ma('t
chu+'ng kie^'n mo^.t phie^n xu+? cu?a toa` a'n nha^n da^n ta.i ngoa.i
tha`nh Ha` No^.i.
Ky` na`y chu'ng to^i xin go+?i dde^'n quy' thi'nh gia? lo+`i ke^? cu?
a
o^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim, hie^.n ddang so^'ng ta.i Tha'i Bi`nh. O^ng Kim
co' o^ng no^.i, ba'c va` bo^' la` na.n nha^n cu?a cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t bi. qui la` Quo^'c da^n dda?ng va` ddi.a chu?, bi.
ddem
ra dda^'u to^' va` xu+? to^.i.
Mo+`i quy' thi'nh gia? nghe ca^u chuye^.n ddau thu+o+ng na`y cu?a gia
ddi`nh o^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim qua cuo^.c pho?ng va^'n do Vie^.t Hu`ng
thu+.c hie^.n:
Vie^.t Hu`ng: La^.p la.i trang su+? ve^` cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng
dda^'t, tru+o+`ng ho+.p gia ddi`nh o^ng nhu+ the^' na`o, thu+a o^ng?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: O^ng no^.i to^i la` ngu+o+`i so+'m gia'c ngo^.
ca'ch ma.ng, cho ne^n khi ddu+o+.c tu+ tu+o+?ng o^ng HCM trao do^`i
va`o tu+ tu+o+?ng cu?a cu. thi` cu. gia'o du.c ta^'t ca? gia ddi`nh
he^'t lo`ng vi` ca'ch ma.ng. Ve^` dda`o ha^`m bi' ma^.t, ma` mo+'i
ngay ga^`n dda^y tho^i chu' to^i vu+`a dda`o mo^.t ho^' ga thi`
tru'ng
ha^`m bi' ma^.t ddo', to^i ddi.nh go.i u?y ban xa'c ddi.nh la` ha^`m
bi' ma^.t nha` to^i dda^y.
O^ng to^i u?ng ho^., hu+o+?ng u+'ng "tua^`n le^~ va`ng" cu?a Ho^`
chu?
ti.ch pha't ddo^.ng, cho nha` nu+o+'c mu+o+.n 1075 vuo^ng va?i dde^?
may a'o mu`a ddo^ng binh si~ dde^? cho du ki'ch ma(.c dde^? dda'nh
gia(.c.
DDa^'y la` o^ng no^.i to^i. Co`n bo^' to^i mua 1000 co^ng phie^'u
kha'ng chie^'n, u?ng ho^. 9 a'o so+.i. Bo^' to^i hoa.t ddo^.ng ca'ch
ma.ng tu+` na(m 21 tuo^?i, tu+'c la` tu+` na(m 1942. DDe^'n na(m 1948
thi` bo^' to^i ddu+o+.c ke^'t na.p va`o dda?ng CSVN. DDe^'n ca?i
ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t, sau 1954 thi` gia?i pho'ng, sau ddo' thi` gia?m to^,
gia?m ??, dde^'n ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t thi` ngu+o+`i ta quy cho
o^ng to^i la` ddi.a chu?, va` quy cho bo^' to^i la` Quo^'c Da^n
DDa?ng. Bo^' to^i la` pho' bi' thu+ Quo^'c Da^n DDa?ng va` ba'c to^i
la` bi' thu+ Quo^'c Da^n DDa?ng. Ba'c to^i bi. ba('n luo^n, o^ng a^'y
nha^.n thi` bi. ba('n luo^n. Co`n bo^' to^i thi` kie^n quye^'t
kho^ng
nha^.n. Kho^ng nha^.n thi` ngu+o+`i ta tra ta^'n, ngu+o+`i ta tha('t
hai da^y thu+`ng va`o hai ngo'n cha^n ca'i ro^`i ngu+o+`i ta ke'o
le^n
sa`n nha`, bo^' to^i ddau qua', ke^u kho'c, xin tha? xuo^'ng. Ke^u
kho'c to qua' thi` ngu+o+`i ta la^'y ro+m, la^'y va?i nhe't va`o
mo^`m.
Toa`n bo^. nhu+~ng ca'i bo^' to^i ke^? thi` to^i co`n ghi ddu+o+.c
nguye^n cuo^'n ba(ng. Cu+' la`m nhu+ the^', ha`ng nga`y la`m nhu+
the^', la`m dde^? ba('t nha^.n QDDD. Bo^' to^i kho^ng nha^.n QDDD,
bo^' to^i ba?o ra(`ng bo^' to^i cha(?ng bie^'t QDDD la` ai ca?, chi?
bie^'t dda?ng vie^n dda?ng CS tho^i. The^' ngu+o+`i ta kho^ng quy
ddu+o+.c cho bo^' to^i QDDD thi` ngu+o+`i ta la.i ddu+a bo^' to^i
le^n
ddi.a chu? luo^n. DDi.a chu? nga`y ddo' la` ddi.a chu? "tho^n" anh
a..
Thi' du. mo^~i mo^.t tho^n la` ma^'y ddi.a chu? thi` cu+' the^'
ngu+o+`i ta ddu+a le^n tho^i. Cuo^'i cu`ng thi` cu~ng bi. tu` kho^ng
a'n, hai na(m. Ma` kho^'n na.n ho+n tho+`i to^i tu` nhie^`u. Tu+'c
la`
tay thi` tro'i ca'nh chi? ra dda`ng sau, cha^n thi` cu`m, qua^`n a'o
thi` cha(?ng co' ma(.c, cu+' na(`m nhu+ the^' o+? du+o+'i sa`n
chuo^`ng tra^u tho^i.
Lu'c ba^'y gio+` to^i co`n nho?, khoa?ng 10 tuo^?i, to^i mang co+m
cho
bo^' to^i thi` kho^? the^' na`y: dda^`u tie^n mang ra ngo~ thi` mi`nh
cu~ng cha(?ng bie^'t gi` ca?, lu'c ba('t bo^' to^i thi` to^i bie^'t
nhu+ng ba('t o^ng to^i thi` to^i kho^ng bie^'t. Lu'c ba('t bo^' to^i
thi` to^i chi? bie^'t kho'c tho^i. To^i tha^'y tu+. nhie^n ngu+o+`i
ta
dde^'n nha` mi`nh, 5 ngu+o+`i dde^'n, ngu+o+`i ta di`m bo^' mi`nh ra
ngu+o+`i ta tro'i mang ddi, tha(`ng na`y QDDD, tro'i mang ddi thi`
chi? bie^'t kho'c tho^i. Kho^ng bie^'t la`m gi` ca?.
DDe^'n tru+a me. to^i ve^`, ke^? chuye^.n cho me. to^i nghe thi` me.
to^i cu~ng la(n ra kho'c luo^n. The^' la` hai me. con cu`ng kho'c.
Lu'c ba^'y gio+` me. chi? ddo^.ng vie^n, tho^i ba^y gio+` mang co+m
cho bo^' con vo+'i cho o^ng tho^i...
Ra ngo~ thi` ga(.p ddo^.i, the^' la` no' qua't vang le^n: "tha(`ng
na`y con nha` QDDD, cha'u ddi.a chu?, ta.i sao ma`y ga(.p chu'ng tao
ma`y kho^ng cha`o, quy` xuo^'ng". Lu'c ba^'y gio+` bie^'t dda^u
ddu+o+.c, chi? kho'c tho^i. To^i kho'c va` ba('t dda^`u quy` xuo^'ng,
no' ba?o tu+` nay tro+? ddi ma`y ga(.p chu'ng tao ma`y pha?i quy`
xuo^'ng, ma`y la.y ca'c o^ng ddo^.i, xin phe'p ca'c o^ng ddo^.i, xin
phe'p o^ng, ca'c o^ng co^'t ca'n dde^? to^i mang co+m cho o^ng to^i,
cho bo^' to^i, the^' thi` chu'ng tao cho ddi.
The^' thi` cuo^'i cu`ng tu+` dda^'y thi` cu+' quen nhu+ va^.y. Cu+'
ra
ngo~ ga(.p ngu+o+`i ta la` pha?i quy` xuo^'ng, xong pha?i xin phe'p
ca'c o^ng co^'t ca'n dde^? to^i mang co+m cho o^ng to^i, cho bo^'
to^i. Go.i la` co+m nhu+ng co' co+m dda^u, chi? la` khoai tho^i.
Na('m co+m mang xuo^'ng thi` the^' na`y. Ngu+o+`i ta du`ng ngay ca'i
che'm xu'c cu+'c dda^'y o^ng a., xu'c pha^n ga`, no' xa('n va`o che'n
co+m. To^i cu~ng cha(?ng bie^'t gi` ca?, to^i chi? bie^'t ngu+o+`i ta
la`m nhu+ va^.y tho^i.
Nhu+ng o^ng tho^i thi` ra^'t ha(ng. O^ng to^i to+'i ba?o ta.i sao
la.i
pha?i la`m nhu+ va^.y thi` no' ba?o la` pha?i kie^?m tra xem bo.n
ddi.a chu? no' co' tie^'p te^' cho nhau kho^ng, no' co' tho^ng tin
cho
nhau kho^ng, chu'ng ta pha?i kie^?m tra.
Co' ho^m thi` ho. la`m nhu+ va^.y, co' ho^m thi` kho^ng co' che'p,
no'
ru't ngay ca'i co^.c o+? chuo^`ng lo+.n be^n ca.nh con tra^u, the^'
thi` ho. cho.c va`o co+m, cho.c luo^n va`o khoai, ba?o chu'ng tao
pha?i kie^?m tra.
Na(m ddo' thi` co' gi` dda^u, co' ca'i ga'o du+`a tho^i ma`. Ca'i
ga'o
du+`a treo hai ca'i da^y lu?ng la` lu?ng la(?ng ddem nu+o+'c vo^ cho
o^ng - no' ddo^? ddi mo^.t nu+~a xong no' dda'i va`o dda^'y. To^i
cu~ng cha(?ng bie^'t gi`, chi? bie^'t nhu+ the^' tho^i. Nhu+ng o^ng
to^i qua't ra^`m le^n thi` no' ba?o ra(`ng cho chu'ng ma`y uo^'ng
dde^? ma` sa'ng ma('t ra, cho chu'ng ma`y he^'t tu+ tu+o+?ng bo^'c
lo^.t, he^'t tu+ tu+o+?ng u+'c hie^'p nha^n da^n. No' cu+' chu+?i
o^ng
to^i nhu+ the^' - to^i cu~ng chi? bie^'t kho'c, cha(?ng bie^'t la`m
the^' na`o ca?. Mi`nh chi? mang ddi cho o^ng, mang dde^'n cho^~ thi`
la.i ve^` ro^`i.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Chu'ng to^i xin ddu+o+.c chia se? nhu+~ng no^~i ddau
cu?a gia ddi`nh va` la^.t la.i mo^.t trang su+? thi` chu'ng to^i
cu~ng
muo^'n ddi ti`m la.i nhu+~ng su+. tha^.t. Thu+a o^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim,
o^ng no'i ra(`ng o^ng cu. tha^n sinh ra o^ng cu~ng bi. quy ke^'t va`o
tha`nh pha^`n ddi.a chu? trong vu. ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t, o^ng
no^.i cu~ng va^.y, o^ng ba'c thi` bi. ba('n che^'t vi` nha^.n la`
QDDD.
O^ng no'i ra(`ng cuo^'n ba(ng ma` o^ng cu. tha^n sinh ke^? la.i...
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: To^i va^~n co`n a.. Ma` ke^? la.i cho ddo^`ng
ddo^.i to^i nghe thi` anh em ddo^`ng ddo^.i no' ghi cho+' tha^.t ra
ma` no'i nha` to^i cu~ng cha(?ng co' ma'y ghi a^m. DDo^`ng ddo^.i no'
nghe cu~ng kho'c vi` chuye^.n a^'y.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: O^ng no'i la` lu'c ddo' o^ng mo+'i co' 10 tuo^?i. Lu'c
nhu+~ng cuo^.c dda^'u to^' ddo', o^ng co`n nho+' la` va`o tho+`i
ddie^?m na`o?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: Chi'nh xa'c nga`y thi` to^i kho^ng nho+'.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Va^.y thi` o^ng no^.i o^ng va` o^ng cu. tha^n sinh cu?a
o^ng te^n la` gi` a.?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: O^ng no^.i to^i la` o^ng Tra^`n Ngo.c Toa?n,
co`n
bo^' dde? to^i la` Tra^`n Ngo.c Cha^'t.
Khi bo^' to^i va` o^ng no^.i to^i ra thi` co' mo^.t ca'i nhu+ the^'
na`y. Sau khi ra ro^`i thi` lu'c ba^'y gio+` la` su+?a sai, su+?a sai
thi`...
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Nhu+ va^.y la` tu` bao nhie^u na(m?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: Hai na(m.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: O^ng no'i ra(`ng ho^m o^ng ba'c cu?a o^ng bi. ba('n
che^'t khi nha^.n la` QDDD...
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: O^ng ba'c to^i la` dda?ng vie^n dda?ng CS, o^ng
ba'c to^i khi bi. tra ta^'n na(.ng qua' thi` o^ng nha^.n, nha^.n ca'i
thi` no' ba('n luo^n.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Va` chuye^.n ddo' xa?y ra o+? ta.i tho^n na`o...
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: Xo'm La Xuye^n, xa~ Bo^' Tie^'n huye^.nVu~ Thu
+,
ti?nh Tha'i Bi`nh.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: The^' co`n tru+o+`ng ho+.p o^ng cu. tha^n sinh cu?a
o^ng
ddu+a ra dde^? dda^'u to^', cu~ng nhu+ o^ng no'i ra(`ng buo^.c da^y
thu+`ng va`o hai ngo'n cha^n ca'i dde^? ke'o le^n tra^`n nha` la` o+?
ta.i ddi.a phu+o+ng hay o+? dda^u a.?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: O+? ta.i ddi.a phu+o+ng, ta.i chuo^`ng tra^u
nha`
o^ng Du.ng ngay cu`ng xo'm. Nhu+ng bo^' to^i va^~n cu+' dde^? trong
lo`ng tho^i. Ba.n be` dde^'n ddo^.ng vie^n thi` ba^y gio+` mo+'i ke^?
la.i, ke^? la.i thi` mo+'i ddem ma'y ghi a^m ghi la.i he^'t ddu+o+.c
ca'i ddo'.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Tru+o+'c khi qua ddo+`i thi` o^ng cu. tha^n sinh cu?a
o^ng co' ke^? la.i cho nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i ddo^`ng ddo^.i cu~ thi` mo.i
ngu+o+`i co' ghi ddu+o+.c cuo^'n ba(ng ghi a^m ddo' a`. Tho+`i gian
ddo' la` tho+`i gian na`o thu+a o^ng?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: Co' a.. na(m 1993.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Mo^.t tuo^?i tho+ cu?a o^ng dda~ bi. ha(`n trong ta^m
tu+, va`o lu'c ma` o^ng no'i khi o^ng le^n 10 tuo^?i. Ba^y gio+`
ne^'u
mo^~i la^`n nho+' la.i thi` ca?m tu+o+?ng cu?a o^ng nhu+ the^' na`o?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: Bo^' to^i vo+'i o^ng to^i, sau khi su+?a sai
thi`
ra va^~n cu+' ddo^.ng vie^n to^i la` tho^i con a` ba^y gio+` ba'c
ho^`
la`m sai ba'c ho^` su+?a ro^`i thi` bo? qua ta^'t ca? ddi, xong gia
ddi`nh nha` ta tro+? la.i vi. tri' cu~ tho^i, va^~n tinh tha^`n ca'ch
ma.ng tho^i.
The^' thi` va`o na(m 1958, va`o ho+.p ta'c xa~ thi` la.i la` gia
ddi`nh gu+o+ng ma^~u va` va`o ho+.p ta'c xa~ dda^`u tie^n. Co`n
ddu+o+.c bao nhie^u cu?a ca?i la`m ddu+o+.c la.i go'p va`o ho+.p ta'c
xa~ he^'t. To^i lu'c ba^'y gio+` thi` le^n 12 tuo^?i. Ba('t dda^`u
ddi
ho.c ca^'p mo^.t ro^`i. Lao ddo^.ng he^'t mi`nh dda^'y o^ng a.. Bo+?i
vi` to^i va`o thie^'u nie^n, vu+`a la`m ddo^.i tru+o+?ng ddo^.i
thie^'u nie^n, ro^`i sang la`m chi? huy lie^n ddo^.i. Chuye^n mo^n
ddi
ke~ kha^?u hie^.u, ke~ ba(ng bie^?n, ho^ kha^?u hie^.u. Co' nghi~a
la`
mi`nh bie^'t la`m co^ng ta'c chi'nh tri. ngay tu+` nho? o^ng a..
Lu'c ba^'y gio+` thi` que^n he^'t nhu+~ng no^~i ddau ddi tho^i, dde^?
phu.c vu. cho "ca'ch ma.ng" tho^i.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Thu+a o^ng, o+? ta.i ti?nh Tha'i Bi`nh, nhu+~ng gia
ddi`nh trong vu. ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t theo ghi nha^.n thi` co'
nhie^`u kho^ng?
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: Nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i bi. oan u+'c ba^y gio+` ke^?
la.i thi` ra^'t nhie^`u. Ne^'u ba^y gio+` to^i ddi la.i ta^'t ca?
nhu+~ng nha` ddo' thi` ai ngu+o+`i ta cu~ng ke^? nhu+ the^'. Nhu+
lu'c
9dda^`u to^i no'i la` ddi.a chu? "pha^n" ma`. Gia? su+? mo^.t xo'm
to^i co' 2, 3 ddi.a chu? cha(?ng ha.n, thi` cu+' ty? le^. thi` nha^n
le^n. Coi nhu+ la` ddi.a chu? ????, nghi~a la` chu+a ddu+o+.c nhu+
the^' la` chu+a dda.t ddu+o+.c tie^u chua^?n, nha^n le^n va` cu+'
pha^n nhu+ the^' tho^i.
Ba^y gio+` ca^`n nha^n thi` co' tho^i, mo^.t tho^n khoa?ng 3 ddi.a
chu? thi` mo^.t xa~ co' bao nhie^u thi` nha^n le^n thi` no' tha`nh ra
ngay tho^i.
Vie^.t Hu`ng: Thu+a o^ng, ba^y gio+` cu. ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t
dda~ ddi qua. Ca' nha^n o^ng, tuo^?i tho+ cu?a o^ng dda~ chu+'ng
kie^'n nhu+~ng ca?nh nhu+ va^.y va` gia ddi`nh o^ng la` na.n nha^n.
ba^y gio+` nhi`n la.i, mo^~i la^`n nha('c dde^'n li.ch su+? ddau
buo^`n na`y thi`....
O^ng Tra^`n Anh Kim: Nghi~ dde^'n li.ch su+? ddau buo^`n na`y thi`
to^i va^~n no'i vo+'i ba.n be` ra(`ng gia ddi`nh to^i 3 ddo+`i bi. CS
dde` ne'n, a'p bu+'c ro^`i, bi. cu+o+'p tra('ng tay ro^`i, ddo+`i
o^ng
no^.i to^i, ddo+`i bo^' to^i, ro^`i dde^'n ddo+`i to^i, cu+o+'p
tra('ng tay nhu+ va^.y ro^`i. Cho ne^n to^i va^~n no'i vo+'i anh em,
ba.n be` ra(`ng tao kho^ng ca(m thu` che^' ddo^. na`y thi` tho^i cho
+'
che^' ddo^. na`y la^'y quye^`n gi` dde^? ca(m thu` tao. The^' co`n
ddo+`i to^i, to^i no'i la` ddo+`i to^i tu+` nho? dde^'n gio+` to^i
luo^n luo^n giu+~ trong sa.ch, va` chi'nh vi` giu+~ trong sa.ch cho
ne^n to^i mo+'i da'm va.ch tra^`n nhu+~ng tho^'i tha, nhu+~ng ba^?n
thi?u. Ba^y gio+` to^i go.i la` ??? lo.an ro^`i - ca'i che^' ddo^.
na`y.
On Sep 12, 2:40 pm, hochim...@gmail.com wrote:
BenLong
RFA
Tru+o+`ng ho+.p cu?a vo+. nha` tho+ Hu+~u Loan
Phu nha^n nha` tho+ Hu+~u Loan, mo^.t na.n nha^n tru+.c tie^'p cu?a
cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t. Hi`nh cu?a nha.c si~ Tri.nh Hu+ng.
Vu+a` ro^`i la` cuo^.c trao ddo^?i vo+'i o^ng Nguye^~n Va(n Thu?,
hie^.n ddang o+? Ha` No^.i, mo^.t na.n nha^n trong cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t. Mo^.t tru+o+`ng ho+.p kha'c ma` na.n nha^n chi'nh la`
vo+. cu?a nha` tho+ Hu+~u Loan, ta'c gia? ba`i tho+ no^?i tie^'ng
suo^'t ma^'y chu.c na(m qua, Ma^`u Ti'm Hoa Sim.
Chu'ng to^i kho^ng the^? lie^n la.c vo+'i nha` tho+ Hu+~u Loan
ddu+o+.c vi` gia ddi`nh o^ng hie^.n ddang o+? mo^.t xa~ nho? thuo^.c
ti?nh Thanh hoa', kho^ng co' ddie^.n thoa.i. Tuy nhie^n, ddu+o+.c
bie^'t nha.c si~ Tri.nh Hu+ng hie^.n ddang o+? Pha'p, la` ngu+o+`i
ba.n tha^n cu?a nha` tho+ va` mo+'i dda^y co' ve^` tha(m nha` tho+,
chu'ng to^i lie^n la.c va` ddu+o+.c o^ng ke^? la.i:
"O^ng a^'y ke^? to^i nghe la`: Lu'c a^'y, o^ng a^'y la` Tru+o+?ng ban
Tuye^n Hua^'n cu?a ddoa`n 304, do tu+o+'ng Nguye^~n So+n phu. tra'ch,
qua^n ddo^.i thi` ddo'i kho^? la('m, chi? co' a(n khoai, a(n sa('n,
kho^ng co' ga.o ma` a(n...O^ng ddi.a chu? ddo' thi` gia^`u, tha'ng
na`o cu~ng ddem ga.o dde^'n, dde^? nuo^i qua^n cho...Chi'nh tu+o+'ng
Nguye^~n So+n tha'ng na`o cu~ng la`m le^~ vinh danh cho o^ng ta, ban
thu+o+?ng hua^n chu+o+ng.
Na(m 1953, bi. dda^'u to^', lan dde^'n Thanh Hoa', o^ng ba` ddi.a
chu?
a^'y bi. gie^'t che^'t. Nha` thi` chi? co' mo^.t co^ con ga'i tho^i.
No' ca^'m ta^'t ca? mo.i ngu+o+`i, con trai, hay con ga'i, kho^ng
ddu+o+.c ke^'t ho^n vo+'i con nha` ddi.a chu?, kho^ng ddu+o+.c nuo^i
con nha` ddi.a chu?.
O^ng a^'y (nha` tho+ Hu+~u Loan) tha^'y the^' bu+.c qua', mo+'i bo?
ve^` la`ng, ddi qua la`ng a^'y, o^ng ghe' va`o tha(m, o^ng bie^'t
ra(`ng o^ng ba` cu. bi. gie^'t che^'t ro^`i, co^ con ga'i kho^ng ai
nuo^i ca?, co^ a^'y pha?i ddi mo't sa('n, mo't khoai o+? ngoa`i
ddo^`ng, a(n so^'ng, dde^? so^'ng tho^i, qua^`n a'o ra'ch ru+o+'i,
ba^?n thi?u la('m, ngu? o+? ddu+o+`ng, o+? ddi`nh la`ng, o^ng tha^'y
the^', thu+o+ng ha.i va` ddem ve^` nha` nuo^i...va` ba^y gio+` la`
vo+. o^ng a^'y!"
Trong hai buo^?i pha't thanh vu+`a qua, quy' thi'nh gia? dda~ nghe
chuye^.n cu?a nhu+~ng na.n nha^n tru+.c tie^'p trong cuo^.c ca?i
ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t die^~n ra 50 na(m tru+o+'c dda^y o+? mie^`n Ba('c VN.
Kho^ng the^? bie^'t chi'nh xa'c so^' na.n nha^n cu?a cuo^.c ca'ch
ma.ng ddu+o+.c go.i la` "long tro+`i lo+? dda^'t" na`y la` bao nhie^u
vi` nhie^`u ngu+o+`i dda~ che^'t, nhie^`u ngu+o+`i kho^ng muo^'n no'i
ra, va` nhie^`u ngu+o+`i kho^ng da'm no'i ra.
On Sep 12, 2:40 pm, hochim...@gmail.com wrote:
BenLong
RFA, 20.5.06
Thu+a quy' thi'nh gia?, trong nhu+~ng buo^?i pha't thanh vu+`a qua,
ban Vie^.t ngu+~ dda`i chu'ng to^i dda~ go+?i dde^'n quy' vi. loa.t
ba`i no'i ve^` cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t.
Ky` na`y la` ba`i thu+' 10 va` cu~ng la` ba`i cuo^'i to^?ng ke^'t
ve^`
cuo^.c ca'ch ma.ng ddu+o+.c go.i la` long tro+`i lo+? dda^'t dde^?
ddem la.i ruo^.ng dda^'t cho ngu+o+`i no^ng da^n dda~ ddu+o+.c thu+.c
hie^.n trong suo^'t ma^'y na(m tro+`i tre^n toa`n la~nh tho^? VNDCCH
tru+o+'c khi dda?ng CS nha^.n sai la^`m va` su+?a sai.
Ba`i do Nguye^~n An thu+.c hie^.n vo+'i su+. tri`nh ba`y cu?a Thanh
Tru'c.
Cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t ta.i mie^`n Ba('c dda~ cha^'m du+'t
va` cuo^.c su+?a sai ba('t dda^`u va`o mu`a thu na(m 1956. No'i ve^`
tha`nh qua? cu?a cuo^.c ca'ch ma.ng ddu+o+.c coi la` long tro+`i lo+?
dda^'t na`y, nha` nghie^n cu+'u su+? Tra^`n Gia Phu.ng nha^.n ddi.nh:
DDu+'ng ve^` phu+o+ng die^.n chuye^n mo^n no^ng nghie^.p, cuo^.c ca?i
ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t kho^ng thu'c dda^?y ddu+o+.c no^ng nghie^.p
pha't
trie^?n, kho^ng tha(ng tie^'n ddu+o+.c ddo+`i so^'ng no^ng da^n ma`
co`n la`m ta?n na't ne^`n no^ng nghie^.p co^? truye^`n o+? ngoa`i
Ba('c va` ddu+a mo.i ngu+o+`i va`o ca?nh nghe`o ddo'i. Tuy nhie^n,
ddu+'ng tre^n quan ddie^?m cu?a dda?ng CS thi` CS ho. dda~ tha`nh
co^ng trong ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t, dda~ dda.t ddu+o+.c nhu+~ng
mu.c tie^u chi'nh tri. cu?a ho..
Mu.c tie^u chi'nh tri. cu?a ho., thu+' nha^'t la` xo'a bo? gio+'i
ha`o
mu.c la~nh dda.o ha. ta^`ng co+ so+? o+? no^ng tho^n va` thay va`o
ddo' lo+'p la~nh dda.o mo+'i, la` nhu+~ng dda?ng vie^n CS.
Mu.c tie^u chi'nh tri. cu?a ho. nu+~a la` cha^.n ddu+'ng su+. tra`
tro^.n cu?a nhu+~ng ddie^.p vie^n ddi.ch thu?(?) trong da^n chu'ng.
Ho. xo'a bo? toa`n bo^. ne^`n va(n ho'a co^? truye^`n no^?i tie^'ng
la` ba?o thu? tu+` bao nhie^u ddo+`i o+? no^ng tho^n va` ho. thay
the^' ba(`ng chu? tru+o+ng cu?a CSVN theo chu? nghi~a Ma'c Xi't.
Ngoa`i ra, lie^`u lu+o+.ng khu?ng bo^' cu?a CS ddo^'i vo+'i no^ng
da^n
trong cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t ddo+.t 5 ddu? dde^? khua^'t
phu.c no^ng da^n, ddu? dde^? la`m cho no^ng da^n khie^'p so+., la`m
cho ho. a(n kho^ng ddu? no, ma(.c kho^ng ddu? a^'m, so^'ng luo^n
luo^n
trong su+. so+? ha~i to^.t cu`ng, va` ghe'p ho. va`o trong khuo^n
phe'p CS. O^?n ddi.nh mo^.t ca'ch kie^n co^' ha. ta^`ng co+ so+? cu?a
xa~ ho^.i no^ng tho^n mie^`n Ba('c.
Nha` va(n Vu~ Thu+ Hie^n, trong cuo^.c pho?ng va^'n mo+'i dda^y da`nh
cho dda`i A' Cha^u Tu+. Do dda~ ddu+a ra hi`nh a?nh so sa'nh vu`ng
que^ o+? mie^`n Ba('c tru+o+'c va` sau khi tie^'n ha`nh ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t nhu+ sau:
Ba^y gio+` thi` ca^`n pha?i no'i nhu+ the^' na`y, ca'i na`y la` kinh
nghie^.m ca' nha^n. Va`o dda^`u cuo^.c kha'ng chie^'n cho^'ng Pha'p
thi` to^i tham gia mo^.t ddoa`n tuye^n truye^`n xung phong. Chu'ng
to^i ddi dda^u ma` co`n co' ca'i a(n thi` ddo' la` nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i
gia`u co', sau na`y thi` ba?o ddo' la` nhu+~ng ddi.a chu?. Nhu+ng
lu'c
ddo' thi` chu'ng to^i cha(?ng hie^?u ho. la` ddi.a chu? hay ho. la`
ca'i gi`. Nhu+ng ho. la` nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i ha(`ng ta^m, ha(`ng sa?n
nuo^i bo^. ddo^.i, cho ca'n bo^. va` cho chu'ng to^i nu+~a (ddoa`n
tuye^n truye^`n xung phong), dde^'n la` co' ca'i a(n.
Ta^'t ca? nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i ddo' khi chu'ng to^i ho?i tha(m thi`
dde^`u
bi. dda^'u to^', bi. vu+'t ra ngoa`i le^` cu?a xa~ ho^.i ma` ho. go.i
la` mo+'i. Ve^` sau na`y ti`m hie^?u thi` to^i tha^'y co' mo^.t ca'i
te^., tu+'c la` dda^'y kho^ng pha?i la` mo^.t cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t. Bo+?i vi` ne^'u la` mo^.t cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng
dda^'t thi` tru+o+'c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t pha?i co' ddie^`u tra
ti`nh hi`nh ruo^.ng dda^'t. Nhu+ng to^i nho+' va`o giai ddoa.n ddo'
to^i kho^ng ddo.c ddu+o+.c mo^.t ba?n ddie^`u tra na`o ve^` ti`nh
hi`nh ruo^.ng dda^'t o+? VN ca?. Su+. pha^n bo^? ruo^.ng dda^'t, bao
nhie^u pha^`n tra(m la` ddi.a chu?, bao nhie^u pha^`n tra(m la` trung
no^ng, phu' no^ng, ba^`n no^ng, cha(?ng ha.n nhu+ the^'. Ho. kho^ng
ca^`n ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t, tu+'c la` kho^ng muo^'n pha^n bo^'
la.i ruo^.ng dda^'t sao cho no' ho+.p ly'. Ma` ca(n ba?n, ddo' la`
mo^.t cuo^.c dda^'u tranh chi'nh tri..
Ruo^.ng dda^'t ddo^'i vo+'i ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t la` mo^.t ca'i
co+' dde^? ca`o xo+'i la.i, ddu+a la.i ra^'t nhie^`u nhu+~ng quye^`n
lo+.i, ma` cu~ng kho^ng pha?i ro~ ra`ng la('m, cho no^ng da^n. No^ng
da^n vu`ng le^n dda^'u tranh la`m ca'ch ma.ng, ngu+o+`i ca`y pha?i
co'
ruo^.ng. The^' nhu+ng tha^.t su+. ra thi` khi tie^'n ha`nh ta^'t ca?
nhu+~ng ca'i ddo' thi` ruo^.ng dda^'t co' mo^.t tho+`i gian la` co'
ca('m co+`, ro^`i pha^n thu+?a ruo^.ng na`y la` cu?a o^ng A, o^ng B
ro^`i ddo'ng co^.c. Ca'c ba.n co' xem nhu+~ng ca'i phim, cha('c la`
ba^y gio+` co`n la.i trong tu+ lie^.u
Nhu+ng cu~ng chi? trong mo^.t tho+`i gian ra^'t nga('n tho^i thi` no'
la` to^? va^`n co^ng, to^? ddo^?i co^ng xong thi` ho. la.i cu~ng
kho^ng co' gi` nu+~a.
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n, tu+`ng la` pho' chu? ti.ch u?y ban ha`nh
chi'nh tha`nh pho^' Ha` No^.i tru+.c tie^'p tham gia chie^'n di.ch
su+?a sai cu~ng pha^n ti'ch ve^` nhu+~ng ha^.u qua? cu?a cuo^.c ca?i
ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t.
va` o^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n:
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a o^ng, ba^y gio+` tro+? la.i cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t ca'ch dda^y 50 na(m. Theo o^ng thi` cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t ddo' dde^? la.i nhu+~ng ha^.u qua? gi`, nhu+~ng di
ha.i
gi`?
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: Cuo^.c cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t o+?
mie^`n Ba('c VN dde^? la.i nhu+~ng ha^.u qua? he^'t su+'c nghie^m
tro.ng ve^` ra^'t nhie^`u ma(.t.
Nguye^~n An: Xin O^ng vui lo`ng pha^n ta'ch tu+`ng ddie^?m mo^.t
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: DDie^?m thu+' nha^'t: DDa^y la` mo^.t
cuo^.c
ta`n sa't da^n la`nh mo^.t ca'ch vo^ to^.i va.. Ne^'u no'i theo tu+`
ngu+~ hie^.n nay thi` pha?i no'i dda^y la` mo^.t cuo^.c die^.t chu?ng
vi` ky` thi. giai ca^'p. Bo^?ng du+ng la^.p ra mo^.t le^.nh cuo^.c
ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t, ddu+a nhu+~ng ddoa`n ngu+o+`i ve^` va` tha
ho^` qui ngu+o+`i ta le^n la` ddi.a chu?.
Tre^n 172.000 ngu+o+`i la` na.n nha^n. To^i no'i dde^'n so^' ngu+o+`i
ma` ngu+o+`i ta oan u+'c qua', bu+.c bo^.i qua', ngu+o+`i ta tu+.
tu+?. So^' ddo' cu~ng kho^ng pha?i la` i't. Theo to^i, ha^.u qua?
ddo'
ra^'t lo+'n, no' ga^y ra mo^.t ta^m tra.ng so+. se^.t, khu?ng khie^'p
cu?a ngu+o+`i da^n.
Ha^.u qua? thu+' hai la` pha' hoa.i truye^`n tho^'ng ho`a hie^'u cu?a
no^ng tho^n, la` vi` tu+` tru+o+'c pha?i no'i du` ra(`ng co' the^?
co'
bo^'c lo^.t, co' the^? co' gi` dda^'y vo+'i nhau, nhu+ng ngu+o+`i
no^ng da^n so^'ng vo+'i nhau la` la' la`nh ddu`m la' ra'ch, ra^'t
ho`a
hie^'u vo+'i nhau.
Cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t ve^` xu'i ngu+o+`i na`y bo+'i mo'c
to^.i lo^~i cu?a ngu+o+`i kia, va` co' the^? nhu+~ng to^.i hoa`n
toa`n
kho^ng co' cu~ng bo+'i ra. Va` du+.a va`o nhu+~ng thu` cu~ ro^`i ga^y
ra thu` ha^.n giu+~a ca'c ta^`ng lo+'p vo+'i nhau. Chi'nh ca'i ddo'
no' pha' hoa.i truye^`n tho^'ng ddoa`n ke^'t la^u ddo+`i cu?a ngu+o
+`i
VN mi`nh o+? no^ng tho^n.
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a o^ng, co' pha?i o^ng muo^'n no'i ra(`ng cuo^.c ca?
i
ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t dda(.t tre^n co+ so+? la` ga^y su+. ca(m thu`
dde^? pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng, va` sau ddo' su+. ca(m thu` ddo'
lo+'n ro^.ng va` no' tie^'p tu.c co`n la.i sau khi cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch
ruo^.ng dda^'t dda~ cha^'m du+'t kho^ng?
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: DDu'ng nhu+ va^.y.
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a , ddie^?m thu+' ba la` gi` ?
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: Ha^.u qua? thu+' ba la` pha' hoa.i dda.o
ly'
lua^n thu+o+`ng cu?a da^n to^.c. Tu+` xu+a dde^'n nay cha ddo^'i vo
+'i
con, me. ddo^'i vo+'i con, vo+. cho^`ng ddo^'i vo+'i nhau, ho. ha`ng
cha chu' ddo^'i vo+'i nhau dde^`u co' mo^.t lua^n thu+o+`ng dda.o
ly'.
Nhu+ng ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t ve^` xu'i du.c con to^' cha, vo+.
to^' cho^`ng, na`ng da^u to^' me. cho^`ng, bo^' cho^`ng v.v... dda^'u
dda' la^~n nhau nhu+ va^.y.
Nguye^~n An: Va` go.i ma`y tao mi to+' he^'t?
Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: Va^ng. Nhu+ va^.y, lua^n thu+o+`ng dda.o ly' tan
hoang.
Nguye^~n An: Thu+a o^ng, theo o^ng thi` nhu+~ng ca'i ma` pha' hoa.i
ne^`n ta?ng lua^n ly' dda.o ddu+'c, ro^`i su+. ho`a hie^'u o+? trong
no^ng tho^n ddo' ca'ch dda^y 50 na(m thi` ddu+o+.c khai tha'c to^'i
dda dde^? hoa`n tha`nh cuo^.c ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t... tinh
tha^`n
nhu+ the^' sau bao nhie^u la^u mo+'i phu.c ho^`i ddu+o+.c? Hay ba^y
gio+` no' va^~n co`n la` nhu+~ng ve^'t thu+o+ng ri? ma'u?
O^ng Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n: Theo to^i, vi` cho dde^'n nay chu+a co'
mo^.t su+. sa'm ho^'i ro~ ra`ng. Chu+a co' mo^.t tuye^n bo^' ra(`ng
chi'nh sa'ch ha^.n thu` giai ca^'p la` mo^.t chi'nh sa'ch kho^ng
ddu'ng. Pha?i no'i tha^.t ra(`ng ba^y gio+` thi` 50 na(m dda~ qua
thi`
ngu+o+`i ta ye^n nhu+ va^.y, nhu+ng lo`ng ha^.n cu~ kho^ng pha?i la`
dda~ he^'t.
Co`n mo^.t ddie^?m to^i cu~ng muo^'n no'i nu+~a la` ha^.u qua? thu+'
tu+: No' pha' hu?y truye^`n tho^'ng ta^m linh va` va(n ho'a cu?a da^n
to^.c. Vi` khi la`m ca?i ca'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t thi` ca'c o^ng dde^`u
co' y' hu+o+'ng la` tie^u die^.t ca'c to^n gia'o, che`n e'p ca'c to^n
gia'o, tu+o+'c ddoa.t ta`i sa?n cu?a ca'c to^n gia'o dde^? la`m cho
ca'c to^n gia'o kho^ng to^`n ta.i ddu+o+.c mo^.t ca'ch ddo^.c la^.p.
On Sep 12, 2:40 pm, hochim...@gmail.com wrote:
BenLong
Nguye^~n Minh Ca^`n
Nha('c la.i chuye^.n ddau lo`ng cu?a tho+`i Ca?i Ca'ch Ruo^.ng
DDa^'t,
co' the^? ba.n ddo.c se~ tra'ch to^i : trong di.p dda^`u na(m ma`
nha('c dde^'n chuye^.n qua' buo^`n. Xin ca'c ba.n lu+o+.ng thu+'
cho !
Nhu+ng chuye^.n na`y kho^ng the^? kho^ng no'i dde^'n ! No' cu~ng
khu?ng khie^'p kho^ng ke'm gi` chuye^.n Te^'t Ma^.u Tha^n (1968).
Va^.y ma` chuye^.n Te^'t Ma^.u Tha^n chu'ng ta va^~n pha?i dda`nh
lo`ng nha('c dde^'n trong di.p Te^'t co+ ma` !
Ca^`n pha?i nha('c dde^'n ca'c ta^'n bi ki.ch, ca'c tha?m ho.a da^n
to^.c dda~ qua va` hie^.n ddang co`n ddang tie^'p die^~n du+o+'i
ne^`n
chuye^n chi'nh cu?a DDa?ng CSVN (DDCSVN), dde^? mo.i ngu+o+`i ye^u
nu+o+'c thu+o+ng da^n tha('p mo^.t ne'n hu+o+ng cho vong linh bie^'t
bao ngu+o+`i vo^ to^.i dda~ nga~ xuo^'ng, dde^? tu+o+?ng nho+' dde^'n
bao nhie^u ngu+o+`i oan u+'c dda~ chi.u nhu+~ng cu+.c hi`nh man ro+.
pha?i nga^.m ho+`n ma~i ma~i, dde^? nho+' la.i bie^'t bao ba.o ha`nh
cu?a mo^.t dda?ng ddo^.c ta`i dda~ ga^y ra trong qua' khu+' va` trong
hie^.n ta.i, dde^? mo.i ngu+o+`i hun ddu'c y' chi' dda^'u tranh cho
co^ng cuo^.c da^n chu? ho'a dda^'t nu+o+'c. A^u cu~ng la` vie^.c
ca^`n
la('m thay ! Ho+n nu+~a, nga`y nay ta^.p ddoa`n ca^`m quye^`n ddang
co^' xuye^n ta.c li.ch su+?, co^' la`m mo.i ca'ch dde^? da^n to^.c ta
que^n ddi ca'c to^.i a'c ta`y tro+`i cu?a ho., nha^'t la` dde^? ca'c
the^' he^. mo+'i lo+'n le^n kho^ng he^` hay bie^'t gi` dde^'n ca'c
to^.i a'c ddo' va` nhu+~ng ke? to^.i pha.m chi'nh danh !
Chuye^.n to^i muo^'n no'i dde^'n ho^m nay la` cuo^.c Ca?i Ca'ch
Ruo^.ng DDa^'t (CCRDD) dda^`y kinh hoa`ng o+? mie^`n Ba('c VN, tha?m
ho.a khu?ng khie^'p chu+a tu+`ng tha^'y trong li.ch su+? da^n to^.c.
Cuo^.c CCRDD dda~ thu+.c te^' ba('t dda^`u die^~n ra tu+` na(m 1953,
ddu'ng 50 na(m tru+o+'c dda^y, va` ke^'t thu'c na(m 1956. Nhu+ng du+
a^m va` ha^.u ho.a cu?a no' va^~n co`n ma~i cho dde^'n ta^.n nga`y
nay. Ho^`i ddo', CCRDD cha(?ng kha'c na`o mo^.t tra^.n ba~o ta'p a'c
lie^.t ddo^? a^.p xuo^'ng mie^`n Ba('c VN ga^y ra bie^'t bao ta`n
pha'
khu?ng khie^'p, bie^'t bao dda?o lo^.n kinh ngu+o+`i, bie^'t bao tang
to'c, ddau thu+o+ng cho ngu+o+`i da^n lu+o+ng thie^.n.
Xua^'t pha't tu+` dda^u ma` tra^.n ba~o ta'p ghe^ ro+.n ddo' dda~
tra`n dde^'n ca'i xu+' so+? ddau thu+o+ng na`y ? So^' la` trong
chuye^'n ddi bi' ma^.t cu?a o^ng Ho^` Chi' Minh tu+` chie^'n khu
Vie^.t Ba('c (ho^`i cuo^'i na(m 1950) dde^'n Moskva (dda^`u na(m
1951), o^ng dda~ ga(.p Stalin va` Mao Tra.ch DDo^ng (lu'c ddo' ddang
co' ma(.t ta.i Moskva). Hai o^ng na`y dda~ nha^.n xe't la` DDa?ng VN
coi nhe. nhie^.m vu. pha?n phong (y' no'i hu+~u khuynh), va` chi?
thi.
pha?i tie^'n ha`nh ca'ch ma.ng pha?n phong dde^? "bo^`i du+o+~ng
ddo^.ng lu+.c ca'ch ma.ng la` no^ng da^n lao ddo^.ng", no'i cu. the^?
la` pha?i la`m CCRDD o+? ca'c vu`ng go.i la` "gia?i pho'ng". Sau khi
ve^` nu+o+'c, o^ng Ho^` dda~ cu`ng Thu+o+`ng vu. Trung u+o+ng (Bo^.
chi'nh tri. sau na`y) DDCS trong hai na(m tro+`i bi' ma^.t va` ti'ch
cu+.c chua^?n bi. tie^'n ha`nh CCRDD. Chua^?n bi. ca? ve^` ma(.t tu+
tu+o+?ng, ca? ve^` ma(.t chi'nh sa'ch, ddu+o+`ng lo^'i, la^~n ve^`
ma(.t to^? chu+'c. Theo su+. pha^n co^ng cu?a Stalin, Trung Quo^'c
se~
giu'p ddo+~ cho VN, ne^n o^ng Ho^` dda~ mo+`i ca'c ddoa`n co^' va^'n
Trung Quo^'c dde^'n mie^`n Ba('c VN - to^?ng co^' va^'n la` La Quy'
Ba
ddo^`ng tho+`i la` dda.i su+' Ba('c Kinh ta.i VN da^n chu? co^.ng
ho`a
(VNDCCH). Vi Quo^'c Thanh ddu+'ng dda^`u ddoa`n co^' va^'n qua^n su
+.,
co`n ddu+'ng dda^`u ddoa`n co^' va^'n CCRDD la` Kie^`u Hie^?u Quang,
vo^'n la` pho' bi' thu+ ti?nh uy? Qua?ng Ta^y. DDo' la` chu+a ke^?
ddu? loa.i co^' va^'n kha'c, nhu+ co^' va^'n chi?nh hua^'n, co^'
va^'n
co^ng an, co^' va^'n to^? chu+'c, co^' va^'n tuye^n truye^`n... DDe^?
chua^?n bi. ve^` ma(.t tu+ tu+o+?ng cho ca'n bo^., dda?ng vie^n va`
qua^n ddo^.i, na(m 1952, Bo^. chi'nh tri. (BCT) Trung u+o+ng (TW)
DDa?ng thu+.c hie^.n "cuo^.c chi?nh hua^'n" trong DDa?ng va` "cuo^.c
chi?nh qua^n" trong qua^n ddo^.i, theo ddu'ng ma^~u ma~ "cuo^.c chi?
nh
phong" cu?a DDCS Trung Quo^'c, chi? co' ca'i te^n ho+i kha'c mo^.t
chu't ma` tho^i. Chua^?n bi. ve^` ma(.t to^? chu+'c, BCT TW dda~
tha`nh la^.p U?y ban CCRDD Trung u+o+ng (UBCCRDDTW), go^`m co'
Tru+o+`ng Chinh, To^?ng bi' thu+ DDLDDVN la`m chu? nhie^.m, hai pho'
chu? nhie^.m la` Hoa`ng Quo^'c Vie^.t, u?y vie^n BCT va` Le^ Va(n
Lu+o+ng, u?y vie^n BCT, co`n u?y vie^n thu+o+`ng tru+.c la` Ho^`
Vie^'t Tha('ng, u?y vie^n TW DDa?ng. Du+o+'i UBCCRDDTW la` ca'c
ddoa`n
CCRDD, du+o+'i ca'c ddoa`n la` ca'c ddo^.i CCRDD. Ca? mo^.t dda.o
qua^n hu`ng ha^.u dde^? la`m "chie^'n di.ch" dda'nh phong kie^'n !
DDCS coi CCRDD la` "mo^.t cuo^.c ca'ch ma.ng long tro+`i lo+?
dda^'t",
cho ne^n ca^`n pha?i "pho'ng tay pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng" dde^?
thu+.c hie^.n, co' nghi~a la` pha?i la`m he^'t su+'c ma~nh lie^.t,
tha(?ng tay, kho^ng khoan nhu+o+.ng, kho^ng thu+o+ng xo't, cho du`
co'
nhu+~ng ha`nh ddo^.ng qua' tro+'n, qua' ta? cu~ng kho^ng dda'ng so+..
Nhie^`u la~nh tu. CS thu+o+`ng nha^'n ma.nh DDCS la` dda?ng ca'ch
ma.ng thi` nha^'t ddi.nh pha?i la`m CCRDD theo tinh tha^`n "ca'ch
ma.ng", "ca'ch ma.ng long tro+`i lo+? dda^'t" ! Ho. cao nga.o phe^
pha'n ca'c cuo^.c CCRDD ho`a bi`nh o+? nhie^`u nu+o+'c la` ca?i
lu+o+ng chu? nghi~a, tu+ sa?n va` pha?n ca'ch ma.ng : vi` ta.i ca'c
nu+o+'c ddo', chi'nh quye^`n ha.n ddi.nh mu+'c ruo^.ng dda^'t to^'i
dda cho ddie^`n chu? ddu+o+.c co', co`n pha^`n thu+`a thi` nha`
nu+o+'c mua la.i dde^? chia cho ngu+o+`i i't hay kho^ng co' ruo^.ng
dda^'t. Co`n khi gia?i thi'ch cho ca'n bo^. ma^'y chu+~ "pho'ng tay
pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng" kho' hie^?u na`y, o^ng Ho^` dda~ du`ng
hi`nh a?nh de^~ hie^?u sau : khi uo^'n thanh tre cong cho no' tha(?ng
ra, pha?i uo^'n qua' ddi mo^.t ti' va` giu+~ la^u la^u, ro^`i tha?
tay
ra thi` no' mo+'i tha(?ng ddu+o+.c. Hi`nh nhu+ o^ng cu~ng khoa'i ca'i
lo^'i gia?i thi'ch ho'm hi?nh a^'y, kho^ng nghi~ ra(`ng ca'i tinh
tha^`n "qua' ddi mo^.t ti'" sau na`y chi'nh la` mo^'i ho.a lo+'n cho
da^n ! Ca'c ddo^.i, ca'c ddoa`n CCRDD ddu+o+.c tung ve^` no^ng tho^n.
Ho. tung hoa`nh ga^`n nhu+ vo+'i quye^`n ha.n kho^ng ha.n che^', ho.
ca?m tha^'y mi`nh na('m trong tay quye^`n sinh quye^`n sa't. Ca^'p
tre^n dda~ "pho'ng tay" cho ho. va` ho. cu~ng tu+. "pho'ng tay"...
Vi`
the^' trong da^n gian thu+o+`ng no'i "nha^'t ddo^.i, nhi` Tro+`i",
va`
ca'c "anh ddo^.i" cu~ng khoa'i tai khi nghe nhu+ the^' ! To^i co`n
nho+' mo^.t la^`n, thie^'u tu+o+'ng Vu+o+ng Thu+`a Vu~, chu? ti.ch u?
y
ban qua^n qua?n tha`nh pho^' Ha` No^.i, ve^` que^ tha(m nha` o+?
la`ng
To' (Thanh Oai) thuo^.c ngoa.i tha`nh Ha` No^.i. O^ng bi. ddo^.i
CCRDD
ba('t giu+~ cu`ng vo+'i anh ca^`n vu. (li'nh ha^`u) va` xe o^ to^,
van
xin gi` cu~ng kho^ng ddu+o+.c tha? ra. Ve^` sau do mo^.t su+. ti`nh
co+`, chi'nh quye^`n Ha` No^.i bie^'t ddu+o+.c mo+'i cho ngu+o+`i
dde^'n nha^.n o^ng ve^`. DDa.i tha^`n cu?a che^' ddo^. ma` co`n bi.
nhu+ the^' huo^'ng ho^` da^n dden ! Trong na(m 1952, BCT TW DDa?ng
Lao
DDo^.ng VN (DDLDDVN), tu+'c la` DDCS khoa'c te^n mo+'i tu+` na(m
1951,
cho la`m thi' ddie^?m CCRDD o+? sa'u xa~ thuo^.c huye^.n DDa.i Tu+`
ti?nh Tha'i Nguye^n. Trong la^`n thi' ddie^?m na`y co' mo^.t su+.
kie^.n "ddo^.ng tro+`i" : to`a a'n CCRDD xu+? tu+? hi`nh ba` Nguye^~n
Thi. Na(m, tu+'c la` Ca't Tha`nh Long, ngu+o+`i ma` tho+`i tru+o+'c
ca'ch ma.ng dda~ tu+`ng che gia^'u, nuo^i a(n, giu'p ddo+~ ca'c o^ng
Tru+o+`ng Chinh, Hoa`ng Quo^'c Vie^.t, Le^ DDu+'c Tho., Pha.m Va(n
DDo^`ng, Le^ Thanh Nghi., Le^ Gia?n... Co`n trong Tua^`n le^~ Va`ng,
gia ddi`nh ba` dda~ hie^'n 100 la.ng va`ng cho chi'nh quye^`n mo+'i.
Ba` dda~ hoa.t ddo^.ng trong Ho^.i Phu. Nu+~, la.i co' con trai ddi
bo^. ddo^.i, la`m trung ddoa`n tru+o+?ng. The^' ma` ba` dda~ bi. quy
la` ddi.a chu? cu+o+`ng ha`o a'c ba', bi. ddoa`n CCRDD xu+? a'n tu+?
hi`nh, UBCCRDD TU+ duye^.t y va` BCT TU+ DDLDDVN cu~ng chua^?n y !
Nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i la~nh dda.o CS trong BCT va` ddu+'ng dda^`u chi'nh
phu? dda~ tu+`ng ddu+o+.c ba` che gia^'u, nuo^i a(n, ta(.ng va`ng,
nay
ddang la`m Chu? ti.ch nu+o+'c, To^?ng bi' thu+, u?y vie^n BCT, Thu?
tu+o+'ng, pho' thu? tu+o+'ng dda~ la.nh lu`ng chua^?n y mo^.t ca'i
a'n
tu+? hi`nh nhu+ va^.y ! Pha't su'ng dda^`u tie^n cu?a CCRDD no^? va`o
dda^`u mo^.t ngu+o+`i phu. nu+~ ye^u nu+o+'c dda~ tu+`ng giu'p ddo+~
cho nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i CS ! Pha't su'ng ddo' tu+. no' dda~ no'i le^n
nhie^`u ddie^`u ve^` ca'c la~nh tu. CS ! No' ba'o hie^.u tru+o+'c
nhu+~ng tai ho.a kho^n lu+o+`ng cho toa`n da^n to^.c !
Na(m 1953, thu+.c te^' la` na(m ba('t dda^`u tie^'n ha`nh CCRDD, na(m
DDCS chua^?n bi. toa`n bo^. ddu+o+`ng lo^'i, chi'nh sa'ch va` "lua^.t
pha'p ho'a" ca'c chi'nh sa'ch cu?a DDa?ng ba(`ng quye^'t nghi. cu?a
Quo^'c ho^.i, sa('c le^.nh va` nghi. ddi.nh cu?a Chi'nh phu?, tho^ng
tu+ cu?a ca'c bo^.. Du+.a tre^n ta`i lie^.u chi'nh thu+'c cu?a DDCS,
to^i xin ghi la.i nhu+~ng ca'i mo^'c li.ch su+? ddau thu+o+ng cu?a
da^n to^.c ta trong cuo^.c CCRDD dda(~m ma'u va` nu+o+'c ma('t na`y :
cuo^'i tha'ng 01.1953 - ho^.i nghi. la^`n thu+' tu+ cu?a TU+ DDLDDVN
dde^? tho^ng qua ba?n Du+. tha?o cu+o+ng li~nh DDa?ng ve^` chi'nh
sa'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t. Ta.i ho^.i nghi., o^ng Ho^` ddo.c ba'o ca'o
dde^` ra nhie^.m vu. trie^.t dde^? gia?m to^, tie^'n to+'i CCRDD.
dda^`u tha'ng 03.1953 - Ho^.i ddo^`ng Chi'nh phu? ho.p tha?o lua^.n
ba'o ca'o cu?a Pho' thu? tu+o+'ng Pha.m Va(n DDo^`ng ve^` mu.c
ddi'ch,
phu+o+ng cha^m, ke^' hoa.ch pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng. Ho^.i
ddo^`ng
Chi'nh phu? dda~ tho^ng qua ca'c va(n ba?n ve^` chi'nh sa'ch ruo^.ng
dda^'t va` pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng, tu+'c la` dda~ "lua^.t pha'p
ho'a" nghi. quye^'t cu?a TU+ DDa?ng.
01 - 05.03.1953 - ba'o Nha^n Da^n dda(ng ta?i ba`i "Chi?nh ddo^'n chi
bo^." cu?a u?y vie^n Bo^. chi'nh tri. DDLDDVN, tru+o+?ng ban to^?
chu+'c TU+ Le^ Va(n Lu+o+ng, ngu+o+`i tru+.c tie^'p phu. tra'ch
cuo^.c
Chi?nh ddo^'n to^? chu+'c trong CCRDD, va` nga`y 16.03.1953 - Chi'nh
phu? VNDCCH ra tho^ng tu+ ve^` vie^.c chi?nh ddo^'n chi'nh quye^`n
ca^'p xa~ qua vie^.c pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng. DDa^y la` nhu+~ng
hu+o+'ng da^~n cho vie^.c ga('n lie^`n cuo^.c Chi?nh ddo^'n to^?
chu+'c vo+'i CCRDD, vo+'i tinh tha^`n "kho^ng du+.a va`o (thu+.c te^'
la` dda'nh va`o - Ngu+o+`i vie^'t) to^? chu+'c cu~ ma` la^.p ne^n
to^?
chu+'c mo+'i" o+? no^ng tho^n !
12.04.1953 - Chi'nh phu? VNDCCH ra ba sa('c le^.nh : 1/ sa('c le^.nh
quy ddi.nh chi'nh sa'ch ruo^.ng dda^'t, trong ddo' co' vie^.c ti.ch
thu, tru+ng thu, tru+ng mua ruo^.ng dda^'t chia cho no^ng da^n ; 2/
sa('c le^.nh quy ddi.nh vie^.c tha`nh la^.p To`a a'n nha^n da^n o+?
nhu+~ng no+i pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng ; 3/ sa('c le^.nh quy ddi.nh
vie^.c tru+`ng tri. nhu+~ng ddi.a chu? o+? nhu+~ng no+i pha't ddo^.ng
qua^`n chu'ng tie^'n ha`nh CCRDD.
01.06.1953 - ba'o Nha^n Da^n dda(ng ba`i ve^` Chu+o+ng tri`nh CCRDD.
tha'ng 06.1953 - DDLDDVN to^? chu+'c ca'i go.i la` "ddo+.t chi?nh
hua^'n chi'nh tri." dde^? na^ng cao la^.p tru+o+`ng giai ca^'p cho
ca'n bo^. dda?ng vie^n trong cuo^.c dda^'u tranh CCRDD.
14.11.1953 - ho^.i nghi. la^`n thu+' na(m TU+ va` Ho^.i nghi. toa`n
quo^'c cu?a DDLDDVN dde^? quye^'t ddi.nh tie^'n ha`nh CCRDD. O^ng
Ho^`
dda~ pha't bie^?u y' kie^'n ta.i ho^.i nghi. nha^'n ma.nh pha?i
"pho'ng tay pha't ddo^.ng qua^`n chu'ng tie^'n ha`nh CCRDD".
01.04.12.1953 - ky` ho.p thu+' ba cu?a Quo^'c ho^.i kho'a 1, Chu?
ti.ch Ho^` Chi' Minh ddo.c ba'o ca'o "Ti`nh hi`nh tru+o+'c ma('t va`
nhie^.m vu. CCRDD" va` nga`y 04.12.1953 - Quo^'c ho^.i nha^'t tri'
tho^ng qua Lua^.t CCRDD. Sau ddo', Chu? ti.ch Ho^` Chi' Minh dda~ ra
sa('c le^.nh ban ha`nh Lua^.t CCRDD do Quo^'c ho^.i tho^ng qua.
Tu+` ddo', ba('t dda^`u ca'c ddo+.t CCRDD, ma` ddo+.t dda^`u tie^'n
ha`nh o+? 47 xa~ ti?nh Tha'i Nguye^n va` 6 xa~ ti?nh Thanh Ho'a, sau
ddo' lan tra`n tre^n kha('p mie^`n Ba('c, tru+` ca'c vu`ng mie^`n
nu'i. DDo+.t na(m la` ddo+.t cuo^'i cu`ng, pha^`n lo+'n die^~n ra o+?
ca'c xa~ ddo^`ng ba(`ng Ba('c bo^. va` ca'c vu`ng bi. Pha'p chie^'m
tru+o+'c dda^y.
On Sep 12, 2:40 pm, hochim...@gmail.com wrote: