Vietnamese hidden faces behind the Killing Fields from 1975-79
Visitor
Vietnamese hidden faces...> (cache.net2000.com.au)
Date: Sunday, 15 September 2002, at 2:40 a.m.
Khmer Proverb: Angkor Wat wasn't built in a day (Vietnamese dirty
plans wasn't planned only yesterday, and happening today and tomorrow)
Vietcong proverb: Winner is to be a King, Loser is to be a bandit.
(Winning war over Khmer, we-Yuons must use our tactful tricks and
tactics to conceal our secret plans against them. For example, we must
use "Mysterious Anonymous higher Organisation" very carefully not to
let anyone know who we are? We can rule them easily as their king.
When we-Yuons lost war againt them, we're still bandit of their
country. We looted everything they have got, and we secretly shipped
them back to our home in Vietnam.) They did shipping everything back
to their home since 1975.
Vietcong proverb: The longer war in Kampuchea Krom, the less Khmer
Krom people for we easily to rule.(If the powerful Americans waging a
war against us-Yuons for longer time, we would have more modern
weapons from them, when they lost war in Vietnam. The more bombarbment
the Americans droppeds,the more Khmer Krom people were killed, and
less for we easily to rule. We didn't need to kill them own our own
hands.)
The brutal mass killings from 1970-79 when the "Mysterious Anonymous
higher Organisation" in Khmer "Angkar Leu", in Viet "Cap Tren". Ho Chi
Minh'd so many different names, who created Indochinese Communist
party in 1930, whose brutal ambitions to incorporate Cambodia Kandal,
Khmer Krom and Laos into Vietnamization/ under their
control/domination/hegemony was similar to the ones the Vietnamese
used to killing our Khmer Krom people:
Khmer Empire Glory faded:
In Simon Ross's Subjugation of Cambodia was supreme: an empire that
was the pinnacles of her age. At their peak the Khmers controlled most
of mainland South-East Asia. From what is now Burma in the west, the
Khmer homelands stretched across present Thailand and southern Laos,
through Cambodia and over most of southern Vietnam.
But the glory that was her splendid past has long gone since vanished.
Just a battered shell remains of what the ancient Chinese once called
‘that most glorious of kingdoms to the south'.
It is known though that, about the time of Christ, India had a
profound effect on the local people, and through inter-activity with
Indian traders the Khmer came to embrace Hinduism. The culture which
developed showed strong Indian influence but was distinctively Khmer.
Two states evolved in the area, Funan (=Phnom =Hill) and Chenla
(=Kramournsar/sot = White/ Pure Wax), and they fought many a bitter
war over the centuries before finally fusing to form the single state
of Kambuja. This new state flourished in the highly fertile land
around the Great Lake of the mighty Tonle Sap River. Just to the north
of the Great Lake the Khmer kings created the breath-taking stone city
of Angkor; arguably one of the most stupendous of Man's achievements.
From 800 to 1400 AD, Angkor was the soul of Khmer race and in her time
the greatest city on earth. Succussive God-Kings added to the massive
piles of intricately toiled to produce temples and walls, pillars and
terraces, causeways and statues. Chunks of stone were ground into
uniform blocks and then laboriously heaved into place. Artists then
chiselled at the surface, producing vigorous and domineering
adornments.
During his dynasty (1802-19), King Gia Long, Emperor Ming Mang, 1840,
Ho Chi Minh and Emperor Bao Dai, 1945, who were the architects of
Genocide Against Cambodian and Khmer Krom people, read like this:
During started an irrigation project in the Province of Mot Chrouk
(Chaudoc). Thousands of the Khmer Krom people were forced to dig a
canal named Chum Nik Prek Teng (Vinh Te), 53 kilometers long and 25
meters wide, from Bassac River to the Gulf of Siam. During this forced
labor project from 1813-1820, many thousands of the Khmer Krom people
were killed. In one particular instance the Khmer workers were buried
alive so that the Vietnamese soldiers could use their heads as stove
stands to boil water for tea for their Vietnamese masters. The phrase
"Be careful not to spill the masters' Tea" is still well reminded to
their Children by all Khmer Krom parents or grandparents. (Listen to
the Te Ong
Anussa´s song that means the Master's Tea Memo).
Before the Canal Project well done, Annamite soldiers held Khmer
labourers into Pillories, each pillory contained about 20-40 people
(they said to prevent Khmer labourers run away from mobilisation), at
least from 2-5 thousand were locked in pillories located in the canal;
the dam was opened, water filled the canal, all Khmer laborers were
drowned, no one was survive.
In 1833 the Vietnamese placed a puppet Khmer on the Cambodian throne
and, when he soon died, replaced him with his daughter; she too only a
token ruler, control exercised by the Vietnamese and enforced by a
Vietnamese army of occupation. Cambodia had become a fragment of her
aggressive neighbour who attempted to ‘Vietnamise'.
The Cambodian peasants realized the very existence of their country to
be at stake and, in 1842, a spontaneous Cambodian revolution erupted.
Khmer grouped together to storm Vietnamese garrisons and slaughtered
the hated Vietnamese troops. This greatly enraged the Vietnamese
Emperor of the time, Ming Mang, who screeched "We helped the
Cambodians when they were suffering and lifted them out of mud. No
they are rebellious. I am so angry that my hair stands upright.
Hundreds of knives should be used against them, to chop them up, to
dismember them.'
‘Did Vietnamese always help us the Khmer Victims from the bottom of
their heart?' undoubtedly, we asked ourselves.
The answer, no way!
The second lesson, no less important, is that when the Cambodian
people had to choose between a Vietnamese or a Thai occupation, they
chose the Thais. To this day, Cambodians deeply distrust the Thais,
who are their cousins, but they passionately hate and fear the
Vietnamese who are a world apart. Aside from all the ethnic,
linguistic, religious and other cultural difference, there was also a
difference in the types of conquests: the Vietnamese colonised
Cambodian soil, expelling the Cambodian peasants of harassing them to
a point where they abandoned their land. The Thais…annexed or occupied
large portions of Cambodia (but) sent no Thai settlers into them. On
the contrary, they prevented the Cambodian peasants from leaving.
The biggest blot by the French during their ninety years' control was
their failure to educate the Cambodians. As the French ran all three
Indochinese colonies from the Vietnamese cities of Hanoi and
Saigon/Prey Nokor, they concentrated on educating the Vietnamese and
training them to be officials for not only Vietnam but also Cambodia
and Laos.
It greatly angered Cambodians to have Vietnamese officials running
Cambodia's administration; also the open border between Cambodia and
Vietnam that many hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese settlers moved
into Cambodia, particularly to the fertile area around the Tonle Sap
Lake.
THE LEGACY OF 0KNHA SON KUY
During the reign of king Thieu Tri (1841- 47), the Khmer Krom were
harshly forced to abandon their Buddhist religion, custom, tradition,
and language. Oknha Son Kuy (also known as Chavay Kuy), Governor of
the Srok of Preah Trapeang had to give up his life in exchange for
those rights. The Vietnamese Court of Hue recognised the facts and
agreed to have the imposition lifted. When Oknha Son Kuy as beheaded
in 1841, people rose up against the Vietnamese through out the
country. The Khmer Krom had to stand alone and faced severely
retaliations without any supports from King Ang Doung (1840-59) of the
Khmer Empire (It was understandable that at the start of his reign,
Thailand and Vietnam often attempted to impose their superiority over
the Khmer internal affairs). The body of SON KUY was buried in the
capital seat of the Preah Trapeang (Travinh), and his tomb is still
standing in Bodhisalaraj (Kampong) temple until today.
The Vietminh, the backbones of current Vietnamese communist government
during the World-War II, committed the holocaust style of massacres
against the Khmer Krom people including religious leaders and
thousands of victims in many provinces of former South Vietnam. The
Khmer Krom victims were roasted alive while being locked up in rice
granaries by the Vietminh; and
Cambodia was in the flame of War from 1970 1975
Honestly, Ho had promised to the King Sihanouk "if Your Majesty help
me to fight against the American Imperialist and their reactionaries.
I'll cede Khmer Krom back to you when the war is over."
But when the war, known as "Vietnam War" was completely over in 1975.
And Ho knew that the war was going to win over the powerful American
imperialists but no brain in jungle war. He had poisoned himself to
his death in 1969 to seal off his loyalty promises to King Sihanouk.
In his book "War & Hope", in 1979, stated that "Let there be no
mistake! The liberation of South Vietnam, the total defeat of American
imperialism in Vietnam, the reunification of Vietnam were all made
possible by our military prowess in Kampuchea and the fact that we
have given so much help to the Yuons for so many years. We gave them
lodging, food, did them countless other favours. Without our help, Ho
Chi Minh's followers would have been destroyed long ago by the
Americans. So then if this slips the Yuons' minds and they repay our
kindness with ingratitude-as their ancestors did our ancestors-we will
annihilate them."
"That is, after their patriotic duty! And it is their right to keep on
fighting... down to the last Cambodian, if we Khmers are so blinded by
personal ambition or so careless we fall into the traps they set for
us."
Very cunning in propagandising by North Vietnamese to Cambodian
peasants who easily believed anything without considering of dangering
to their country. Many wore insignia representing Prince Sihanouk and
on portable cassettes they replayed to the peasants the passionate
rhetoric of Sihanouk's appeal for insurgency.
The North Vietnamese pledged their aim was to restore Sihanouk, and
gullible Cambodian peasants and townpeoples foolishly believed them.
Hanoi's ultimate objective though was the total subjugation of all
Indochina-Cambodia, Kampuchea Krom and Laos. For centuries Vietnam had
sought the abundant granary that is the Cambodian heartland, having
earlier pilfered the Mekong Delta from the Khmers. Vietnam is long and
thin country with limited arable land and a large population and her
cropland is often subject to nature's whim. But Vietnam's ambition to
control Phnom Penh had to be unobtrusive and so Hanoi covertly sought
domination of the Cambodian Communist Movement from the inside and the
eventual placing in power in Phnom Penh of these puppet Khmer
Communists. That was why North Vietnam had filtered the 4000 Khmer
Communists to Hanoi after the 1954 Geneva Conference: to train and
brainwash them, and release them into Cambodia en masse to take charge
of the Cambodian Communist Movement when the time seemed ripe. That
time looked to be from 1970 until now.
The word "Issarak" traditionally had implied noncommunist. Moreover,
the communist former monk had chosen a nom de guerre that consciously
aped the name of the noncommunist nationalist leader Son Ngoc Thanh.
The confusion multiplied. Who was the original leader of independence
movement who fled to japan and joined the Japanese fascists? Which
group were the original Issarak movement and which communists led?
As one revolutionary said early in the war, "it was difficult to know
who were the real Issaraks, the loyal revolutionaries and who were
bandits and robbers? Matters became more confused for the communists
in 1951, the year after the founding of Issarak front group. That year
the Vietnamese/Vietnam officially restored their communist party. In
Cambodia the party kept the old name, Indochinese communist party,
maintained the same organisation with mixed units and cells of
Cambodians and Vietnamese/Vietnam under Vietnamese control, and
remained underground.
The Vietnamese communists wrote the statutes for Khmer people's
revolutionary party and the draft platform, which they sent back to
Cambodia for translation into Khmer language and for approval. Even
after 1951, Cambodian communists were inducted into the underground
Indochinese communist party. Membership in Khmers people's
revolutionary party did not constitute membership in a proper party.
This vague situation not only confused Cambodian communists at the
time, it led the thunderous debates later when Cambodians were
fighting over the roots of their communist party. Did it grow directly
out of the Indochinese communist party in 1951, and was it therefore
subservient to the Vietnamese, or was it properly founded in 1960 by
Cambodian far less dependent on Vietnam?
Anti-French war was dominated in the northwest by noncommunist Issarak
group who fought throughout most of the country. They often
coordinated their fighting with the communist-led Issarak, the united
Issarak front, adding to confusion. Some Issarak were nothing more
than bandits; other were among the fiercest independence fighters. It
was Cambodia's fate that no one could bring them altogether; the
noncommunist Issarak did not trust the Vietnamese-dominated Khmer
communists.
And what better teachers of revolt than ho chi Minh's communists,
whose august revolution of 1946 swept through Vietnam and were winning
battle after battle? But the Vietnamese were more than teachers; they
dictated to Cambodians when and how to start their organisations;
where and how to fight. The wars in Cambodia and Laos had to be
subordinated to the needs for victory in Vietnam.
The Vietminh, however, had not given up such an idea. 1951 they stayed
in a party document, "the Vietnamese party reserves the rights to
supervise the activities of its brothers parties in Cambodia and Laos…
later, however, if conditions permit the three revolutionary parties
of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos will be able to unite to form a single
party: " the party of the Vietnam-Khmer-Laotian federation." However,
the Laos formed their separate communist party in 1955, and the
Cambodian did not hold a founding congress until 1960 there were
already well-established leaders of the Cambodian communist movement,
which was led by the Vietminh.
Those 4000 Khmer Communists to Hanoi after the 1954 Geneva Conference
to be trained and brainwashed who must be brutally killed because they
were real Khmers. Hanoi Leaders only sent them back to Cambodia were
Vietnamese citizens who used to living in Cambodia before the coup
d'etat of 1970, by Lon Nolists. Those Vietnamese citizens who used to
living in Cambodia could speak and write Khmer fluently much better
than Cambodians themselves did were to be disguised as Khmer Rouge
soldiers.
Tactfully, Hanoi declared to the world that they completely withdrew
their troops/faces stationed in Cambodia in 1973 from the Arena of
International but in fact they secretly had hid their bums/buttocks in
the forests/jungles in Cambodia to wait for the ripe time to come to
kill all of us Khmers as they did kill our Khmer families-as King
Sihanouk stated in his "War & Hope) that "The Kampuchean people are on
the brink of extinction, dying a slow death, murdered in the name of
two conflicting types of Communism. It is a struggle to the death
between Kampuchean and Vietnamese Communism; it is also a dispute
between the two Communist giants they represent, China and Russia."
During Prince Sihanouk stay (March, 1973) in the liberated zone during
the anti-US and anti-Lon Nol war, the Khmer Rouge leaders (Khieu
Samphan, Hu Nim, Son Sen) frequently spoke to me about the "serious
offences" committed by the North Vietnamese in Kampuchea. Among the
more or less credible offences they mentioned were:
-the rape of Khmer women or girls and murders of patriots or peasants
refusing to serve the Vietnamese Communists' interests, whatever form
they took;
-Thefts from the Khmers who sheltered the Vietnamese; the "visitors"
took carts, bicycles, wristwatches, etc;
-Abusive purchases of consumer goods, to the detriment of their ‘s
army service corps, forcing Pol Pot and his men to put an end to
private trade, the free circulation of merchants and goods, of
breeders and their livestock, in mid-1973; houses, villages, and their
populations were then regrouped into cooperatives (closely supervised
by Khmer Rouge cadres);
-installation (by Vietnamese) of Military camps on bases "throughout
sovereign Cambodian territory" and without the previous authorisation
of the Funk(National United Front of Kampuchea);
-the recruitment, despite the strict opposition of Khmer Rouge
leaders, of Cambodian men and women as auxiliary fighters in the
Vietnamese forces;
-Deliberate sabotage of the development of the Khmer Rouge armed
forces and their progress in combat; the slowing of military and other
aid from China to the Khmer Rouge; impudent filching of Chinese trucks
and jeeps, heavy arms, modern weapons, munitions, and other gifts sent
from China for the Khmer Rouge;
-Vietnamese aggressions with the intention of destroying the Khmer
Rouge's best units. Khieu Samphan and his comrades explained to me
(Norodom Sihanouk), regarding this, that the North Vietnamese
desperately wanted to nip KR power in the bud so as to prepare for the
coming to power (after a foreseeable victory over the U.S. and Lon
Nol) of a government that would be Cambodian in appearance only and in
reality Vietnam's servant."
In March 1970, the Lon Nol-Sirik Matak government declared it would
proceed to rid Kampuchea of "ignoble" Vietnamese presence. So they
made an official appeal to Saigon, meaning that Nguyen Van Thieu's
savage horde came to invade, pillage, burn, ruin, destroy Cambodia,
and to rob, torture, rape, and murder Cambodians. That was the high
price in exchange for the military protection it provided the
faltering Khmer Republic.
Enjoying annexing a large and strategic town on the Mekong. Here, too
Thieu's soldiers drove the original inhabitants out of their homes,
villages, and fields. They were then forced manu military toward the
nearby town of Prey Veng and to Phnom Penh. Again, local
villages-houses, fields and all-were "granted" to the Vietnamese men
and women who had suffered at the hands of Phnom Penh ‘s new masters.
President Thieu's navy took possession of nearly all the coastal
islands dependent upon Kampot province. Vietnamese fishermen were
given carte-blanche fishing rights in Khmer territorial waters off
Kampot and Kep, ruining Khmer fishermen-and the Cambodian economy.
Thieu's army assumed the right to ship all it wanted of the Cambodians
cattle, buffalo, cars, machines, etc., back to South Vietnam/Kampuchea
Krom. It went so far as to send giant helicopters to scavenge in Khmer
territory. Equipped with hooks and steel cables, they lifted cars
(private property) and industrial equipment (starting at the rubber
plantation in Kompong Cham). Thieu's men also ransacked several
Buddhists monasteries, which had housed ancient and priceless cultural
treasures.
"Mysterious Anonymous Higher Organisation" from 1975 1979
Before Phnom Penh fell into "Mysterious Anonymous higher Organisation"
in 1975, I saw extremely strangely that there were so many Lon Nol's
soldiers had deserted from Neak Leung who were being brutally chased
after by the Khmer Rouge soldiers. Extremely great number of those
soldiers tried to swim across the Mekong River to get to the island
where a big ship waiting in the midstream for rescuing, but so many of
them were unlucky being brutally drowned to their death by machineguns
and rockets of the Khmer Rouge/men-in-black passing over our heads
while we all were in the trench by the bank. Some of those soldiers
begged my parents for some civilians' clothes so that they could
change soldiers' uniforms into ordinary civilians. Those who were
picked up from the river might have been shot to death because they
were the most important targets of "Mysterious Anonymous higher
Organisation", I supposed. Therefore, Vietnamese secret agents had to
get rid of their enemies- especially they had to get rid of all Khmer
men who Vietnamese secret agents didn't want in their way/eyes.
When the Khmer Rouges "KR" took over Phnom Penh in 1975, Vietnamese
soldiers dressed as real KR soldiers to collect their Vietnamese
citizens living in Cambodia back to Khmer Krom/South Vietnam. ALong
the Mekong River, in those days, where there were full of Vietnamese
boat peoples heading to KK/South Vietnam, who I clearly saw my own
eyes. These journeys of Vietnamese boat people were taken about some
months until there was no a single Vietnamese citizens left in
Cambodia until rainy season came.
When my families, uncles' and aunts' families were brutally forced out
of Phum Taprohm, known as today as "Kep Thmai", Sangkat Prek Eng Srok
Kiensvay Khet Kandal. We all reached at the bank of Chrouy Dang-close
to Neak Leung. While we all were staying at this bank, a group of
Vietnamese soldiers dressed as KR soldiers in a motor boat speeding
toward us-refugees by asking my mother in Viet who can speak
Vietnamese fluently to go back home/South Vietnam/Kampuchea Krom. But
my mother refused to go back to South Vietnam (My mother can speak
Vietnamese very well)
Earlier 1976, all refugees were on the move, known as "New People of
17th April 1975", who were transported from Koh Keo, in Lvea Am
Province to Battambang and Pursat and many other districts in the West
of Phnom Penh. When my family and my aunts'/uncles' families arrived
at Svay Daun Keo Station in Pursat Province at night in rain-no
shelter. Only the sky was our roof and under the palm trees to harbour
all refugees. My aunts' families were brutally separated from us into
another area at the edge of forest-far away from National Highway. But
my family and many other refugees were so lucky to live in the village
of AnDoong Kray of District of O-Ta Paong. Our belongings were
brutally searched and confiscated. We all got nothing left, then.
In the harvest season of 1976, we all had plenty to eat in Pursat
Province. All children were brutally separated from their parents into
Krom komara-komarei "Group of Children", and I was in Krom
Komara-komarei. And hundreds of hundreds and thousands of thousands of
married men were mysteriously called every day to break the rock and
pick corns who never came home (To break the rocks and pick corns, in
those days, meant "To be led away to be secretly murdered by Angka
Leu/Cap Tren". Only in late 1976, as far as I can recall, there were
great number of married women whose husbands were led away to nowhere!
And only widows left with no husbands in Phum Andoong Kray.
I saw strangely there were too many Vietnamese still in Pursat
province, at first I thought that they were real Vietnamese but I had
learned later that they were purely Khmer Krom People who spoke funny
Khmer, known to me as "Khmer Preah Trapeang".
Between late 1976 and 1978, there was no a single Khmer Preah Trapeang
left in Pursat and Battambang who brutally accused of being Vietnamese
secret agents by the "Mysterious Anonymous higher Organisation" in
Khmer "Angkar Leu", in Viet "Cap Tren". They were just an ordinary
people like us and other Cambodian people. Why didn't the "Mysterious
Anonymous higher Organisation" order to kill all Vietnamese citizens
living in Cambodia when the Khmer Rouge first took over Phnom Penh in
1975? Why now they started killing innocent Khmer Krom people and many
other Cambodian people who were being accused of Vietnamese secret
agents? Why did they do that to us-Khmer innocence? Hanoi Leaders'
well planned was to eliminate all Kampuchea Krom people who were
living in their motherland-Cambodia, escaped from their Kampuchea
Krom, were the most important eyewitness to the Kampuchea Krom land,
which Vietnamese have stolen from us for more than 50 years. If
Kampuchea Krom people are all still alive, who are hard to be ruled
will claim back their lost land from Vietnamese through UN's and
International Court of Justice in The Hague very soon. And now
Kampuchea Krom was lawfully accepted into UNPO in 2001.
Angkar Leu/Cap Tren enjoyed giving a Genocide Order to "Mysterious
Secret Vietnamese agents/ soldiers who were in disguise as Khmer Rouge
to kill all classes of Khmers-from babies to old ages.
I saw strangely a group of white men, came to Phum 13, who looked like
Vietnamese cruelly searched and confiscated everything belonged to New
Refugees who were being transported from Prey Veng and Svay Rieng
between 1977 and 1978. And those who were from Prey Veng and Svay
Rieng were all secretly murdered in the name of the Angkar Leu/Cap
Tren.
I also saw many Khmer victims at night time (babies to old ages) were
being accused of Vietnamese agents, who led away to be brutally
butchered by "Mysterious Secret Vietnamese agents/soldiers who were in
disguise as Khmer Rouge", stopped over at our cow station for a few
minutes, begging us for some water.
I secretly asked one of Khmer victims, where are you all going?
That lady, who was so thirsty, told me quietly and secretly that
"We're all being accused of Secret Vietnamese agents? After our Khmer
victims had drunk, off they went to nowhere! But a few minutes later,
babies' cry not far away from our bamboo hut, but cried in pain. We
all just ignored those cries.
In the morning two of our cowherds who tended cattle went to scavenge
the fish in the ponds for our meal. Two of them came so pale and in
panic, out of breath! They surprisingly told us in panic that they saw
corps in every pond that they tried to fish with a kind of bamboo
fishing tackle. Another cowherd and I were so brave in those days
pretending to tend our cattle. So we followed the cattle that eating
grasses, as they walking toward those ponds that were full of corps.
But we two met a vulva-wounded lady in middle of rice field, who was
bleeding ceaselessly. In our heart felt so painful and sorrowful when
we unbelievably saw that bleeding lady by asking her what's wrong to
you, aunt?
She quietly replied to us in pain that "one soldier put his bayonet
into my vulva because I was walking so slowly so they had to get rid
of me first."
We both saw bodies from babies to old ages in three small ponds. Some
months later, we saw too many bodies again in many ponds. Blood was
everywhere in the bush-not far away from our cow station.
And I also saw extremely something very strange happening to Khmer
Rouge: There were two groups of Khmer Rouge-the Khmer Rouge soldiers,
who were pro-Khieu Samphan, were secretly and cruelly butchered by
Khmer Rouge who were pro-Hanoi. Khmer Rouge soldiers brutally killed
each other. Why did Khmer Rouge kill Khmer Rouge? Were Khmer Rouge
soldiers/cadres real Khmers in all provinces?
Hanoi Leaders' well-planned of brutally making genocide against
Cambodians this way because they already have learned a great lesson
from an German leader, Adolf Hitler, who gave his indiscriminate order
to kill more than 10 million Jews during World War 2. Hanoi Leaders
are always so aware of being caught in action so they secretly used
the "Mysterious Anonymous higher Organisation" in Khmer "Angkar Leu",
in Viet "Cap Tren" to murder nearly 2 million Khmers. German's lesson
of Genocide against Jews during World War 2 has imprinted on Jews'
hearts and mind until now. That's why today Jews really hate German in
their guts. But Hanoi Leaders are so extremely more cunning than
German who killed Jews in the eyes of world. Secretly, Hanoi Leaders
only used their Vietnamese citizens who used to living in Cambodia who
could speak and write Khmer more fluently than us-Khmers can to kill
all Khmers, were being disguised as Khmer Rouges. In some parts of the
country, "Mysterious Secret Vietnamese Agents" spoke Khmer very
fluently at night before they had led Cambodian victims to be brutally
murdered in the name of "Mysterious Anonymous Higher Organisation".
Many Killing Fields as far as I saw taking place were always at night.
"Mysterious Secret Vietnamese Agents" who seemed not wanting
us-Cambodian victims to recognise their hidden faces behind the
Killing Fields.
In 1978, Hanoi sent her secret-Special Bo Dois to capture Prince
Sihanouk alive while he was under house arrest. He amazingly told us
that Khmer soldiers killed those all Bo Dois at Tonle Chartaumuk of
Royal Palace in Phnom Penh. Was Prince Sihanouk a real prisoner of
Khmer Rouge?
Oh, my all-dearest Khmer patriots! Many of us Khmers really
misunderstand that the KR killed our Brothers and Sisters, but in
fact, the Vietnamese soldiers, who could speak Khmer more fluently
than many of us Khmers, by using our KR soldiers' hands to kill us
Khmers instead.
A KK lady, who's living in NZ, came to Australia and told me when KR
took over Phnom Penh 1975, the Vietnamese soldiers dressed as KR
soldiers had collected and separated KK people from Vietnamese
families in Battambang. Her uncle, was a real KK married to his
Vietnamese wife, who brutally separated from his family, was led away
to be cruelly butchered near a bush-not far away from his village.
Another Chinese-Cambodian lady, who came to Australia from Cambodia,
stayed over for a few years, strangely told me that when she was in
Vietnam from 1975 until Phnom Penh was liberated again from the Khmer
Rouge terror Regime, that she saw a Vietnamese soldier was in disguise
as a Khmer Rouge had dropped his Khmer Rouge ID Card in front of her.
She unbelievably asked that Vietnamese soldier was in disguise as a
Khmer Rouge, "What language do you speak when you were in Cambodia?"
That Vietnamese soldier was in disguise as a Khmer Rouge who secretly
replied to her "I was sent to Cambodia by Cap Tren the "Mysterious
Anonymous higher Organisation" to fulfil my job. I can speak Khmer
fluently."
That lady, who unbelievably told me that in those days, we all Khmer
Victims didn't have an ID Card!
An Vietnamese man, "Nguyen", who sadly told me, living in Springvale
of Victoria, Australia a few years ago that "All Vietnamese leaders
when they got the power in their hands, who always wanted to swallow
up Cambodia." And he continued telling me deliberately and
unbelievably that he told his people that "During the Khmer Rouge
Regime from 1975-79, our Vietnamese soldiers who were in disguise as
real Khmer Rouge ones by using Khmer Rouges' hands." And he told me
strangely that "a Vietnamese government (President Thieu) in South
Vietnam/Kampuchea Krom sent 100 Kilograms of gold to assassinate King
Sihanouk before Communists took over Saigon during his reign. Because
Sihanouk is the most important eyewitness to Kampuchea Krom."
During our friendly conversation in Community Support Workers' room, I
told him that I knew all these stories through Cambodian History,
Especially a book called "Who was Angkar Leu?" By Yiey Tieng, living
in Paris, who is one of Khmer Krom victims, and also was a member of
Khmer-Vietminh.
Yiey Tieng, sadly and unbelievably told us the Khmer Victims that
Hanoi Leaders were pre-cautiously well planned to seal off their dirty
murderous plans of eliminating us-Khmers:
That they already sent their secret Bo Doi to work everywhere in
Cambodia since 1945. For example,
She knew many Vietnamese in Battambang Province before the war, but
those who were real Vietnamese civilians had all used the Cambodian
names instead of their Vietnamese ones. They all had become the brutal
Khmer Rouge cadres every where in Battambang Province and Pursat
Province who had ordered to real Khmer Rouge peasant cadres' hands to
kill our families.
In 1978, around 40 000 Khmer Rouge soldiers, who were pro-Khieu
Samphan, were secretly called to liberate Kampuchea Krom from
Vietnamese colonialists and expansionism, were being trapped in the
crossfire set up by pro-Khmer-Vietminh/Hanoi.
A former South Vietnamese Bo Doi/soldier, became Vietcong/Communist,
Ngo Van Duc, who was sent to warn Kampuchea Krom people "You have to
leave by tomorrow, because the Khmer Rouge soldiers will launch an
attack on your village!" He clearly reassured to Yiey Tieng that he
saw every activity of Vietcong who led those 40 000 Khmer Rouge
soldiers to liberate Kampuchea Krom, who were brutally attacked from 8
directions by Angka Leu/Cap Tren's booby trap.
On 5th January 1979, Duc and his Bo Dois were to send back to Cambodia
via Laos and Thailand, through secret tunnels underground of Mount of
Dangrek, took a shortcut to Sisophon, Battambang Province. Duc, who
was extremely sick of Vietnamese Communist strict disciplines, was
forced to learn Khmer, and ate a little ration. He decided to desert
from Bo Doi into Thailand camp of N.W.9, by tying his hammock to sleep
by Yiey Tieng.
Kot told Yiey Tieng in a painful heart, one of 40 000 Khmer Rouge
soldiers, who were secretly conned by "Mysterious Anonymous Higher
Organisation" to liberate Kampuchea Krom from Vietnamese, whose right
leg was badly wounded, and rescued by the Vietnamese fishermen. He
tactfully lied to those Vietnamese fishermen that he was Bo Doi for
his survival because he can speak Vietnamese very fluently.
He didn't know his Khmer Rouge soldiers' fate because when we were
ready to cross canal "Prek". All of sudden, we were all fiercely
attacked from every direction by Vietnamese Bo Dois who already set up
a booby trap for us-Khmer Rouge soldiers. We got stuck. Not many of
us-Khmer Rouge soldiers survived through these secret attacks by
Hanoi's Vietcong booby trap.
Before Pol Pot, died in 1997, clearly revealed to the world that he
didn't liberate his country for killing his own people. But the
Vietnamese carried on the Killing fields was shown on Channel 10 at
6pm in Australia. And he pointed one of his fingers to himself; you
look at me "Am I a cruel man. Cambodian history will judge me one day!
Without me, there would be no Cambodia anymore!"
That's why William Shawcross wrote his book "The Destruction of
Cambodia" in 1986, that "Nixon (US President) evidently believed in
1973 (and still in 1978) that the Khmer Rouge were controlled by Hanoi
and were amenable to Moscow."
The first brutal aims of Vietnamese leaders are to kill all classes of
Khmers as Prince Sihanouk amazingly told the world in 1979 that no one
knows how many people died under their regime, but the estimates go as
high as three million. Even if that the death toll was monstrous. All
those associated with ancient regime-soldiers, policemen, and civil
servants, teachers/educators-risked execution. So did their families.
Doctors, nurses, professors, intellectuals, engineers/technicians,
lawyers-all those thought to be middle class or historians, Buddhist
monks were also in peril. For those who escaped execution, which often
took the form of an axe handle in the back of the neck, death came
more slowly. The "Mysterious Anonymous Higher Organisation" refused to
allow the use of Western medicines and food was always scarce. Yet
they imposed draconian work regimes in the fields. Hundreds of
thousands of people, young and old especially, collapsed from
sickness/disease, famine and exhaustion.
Vietnamese K5 Genocide Regime against Khmers
Their hidden faces of Killing Fields to become Vietnamese invaders
from 1979-91
My uncle told me sadly that if UNTAC troops were not deployed in
Cambodia in time in 1991. We all Khmers would not have any Khmers left
any more because Vietnamese ordered Phnom Penh government soldiers to
conscript us to serve an army to kill our Khmers or to clear the
forests/ cutting logs for Vietnamese, known in those days as "K5
Genocide Regime against Khmers".
How on earth one country could defeat other country in only a few
weeks?
Chinese might have thought Cambodians and Khmer Rouge soldiers helped
them fight against Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia. They were wrong;
all Cambodians who had became so weak and exhausted after 1975-79 had
not interest of helping anyone fighting against anyone but scavenging
food, and looking for their missing relatives. And more seriously, we
all Khmers looked so skinny after Vietnamese Hidden faces of Killing
Field Regime. We were only thinking of escaping from the Vietnamese
occupation and aggression of our country. The only one way was to run
for our lives to seek a security refuge in a Third Country.
As our Mighty King Sihanouk stated in his (War & Hope) that the common
people of Cambodia have given us a magnificent example of
foresightedness and genuine patriotism: they go along with neither the
Khmer Rouge nor the outsiders. They prefer to flee to Thailand,
exposing themselves to the greatest dangers in the process, or else
hide deep in Cambodia's forests, risking death from starvation,
sickness, and snakebites-or being eaten by tigers and wolves.
Being well planed to invade Cambodia, which Hanoi leaders had sent
around 150 000 of her troops to have occupied and controlled Cambodia.
There were certain of the journalists and diplomats who called on
Prince Sihanouk in Peking in March and April 1979, told him that
Vietnamese occupation made them pessimistic about Kampuchea's fortune.
In their opinion it will be virtually impossible for Cambodia to shake
off the Vietnamese protectorate. Strangely enough, however, they also
tell that at home Vietnam is faced with growing and nearly
insurmountable problems. For instance, there is the triple threat of
an economic and financial crisis, plus food shortages; it is becoming
more and more difficult to find fresh recruits for the army; several
towns and provinces were flattened by the Chinese army's show of force
in the north; there is unrest among certain ethnic groups; the South
Vietnamese opposition has been carrying out sabotage mission; natural
disasters have also occurred.
Prince Sihanouk unbelievably told the world:
"Let us now consider China's position. I had it clearly explained to
me twice, in January 1979, by Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping. What he said
in essence was: "There are not two ways to go about solving the
Kampuchean problem. The Vietnamese aggression, invasion, and
occupation of Kampuchea cannot be justified or forgiven. We must fight
and keep fighting the Vietnamese until they are beaten and forced to
evacuate your country completely and permanently. The Kampucheans are
a heroic and invincible people; the Democratic Kampuchea's cause is a
just one. All the people of the world and all those who love justice
firmly support Kampuchea and its people, and always will. The Soviet
and Vietnamese hegemonists have few friends. They will inevitably be
driven out of Kampuchea if the Kampucheans are willing to go on
fighting, no matter how long it takes. This will be a harder fight
than the war against American imperialism. It will certainly last
longer than five years. But even if takes ten, fifteen, twenty years
of struggling, the Kampucheans will finally drive the Vietnamese out
of their country. The People's Republic of China is determined to give
Democratic Kampuchea its help."
As Sihanouk stated in his (War & Hope) in late 1979, I offered to meet
with Premier Pham Van Dong, without preliminaries and in the city of
his choice (including Hanoi), to discuss possible peaceful solutions
to the Khmer-Vietnam dispute and the resumption of friendly relations
between our neighbouring countries. My three amicable requests for a
meeting were rejected; despite this rebuff, I might add, my offer
still holds.
Honestly and more accurately, We all Khmer Victims should only ask
ourselves about a few questions, and we'll then know straightaway the
answers:
"Who has kept conquering and encroaching our lands so far so worse,
century after century?
Who had a bad motive of killing our Khmer families from 1970-1979?
Why did Hanoi Leaders tactfully use "Mysterious Anonymous Higher
Organisation" to wear their secret balaclava from 1973-79?"
Please all Khmers use your brain to think over what your enemies'
tactful tricks and tactics!
Please read more books in English and in our Khmer language. Please,
please, please do not believe what your enemies tell you? Lord Buddha
told us in his Dharma book, "You must consider carefully what they
tell you. You must see it on your own. You must not believe what you
don't see on your own!"
Please all Khmers wake up from your daydream! Beware of Yuons in
Cambodia, today! Because they're former members of Angkar Leu/Cap Tren
and Vietminh/Vietcong who are still alive who had secretly and
brutally killed our Khmer families!!! Yuon Leaders are the worst
violators of human rights on earth!
Simon Ross wrote in the Subjugation of Cambodia, 1983, from late 1975
I attempted to warn that the Khmer Rouge were conducting genocide and
that a Vietnamese move into Cambodia was inevitable. But my articles
and arguments were rejected by editors.
It was all so easily predictable: the subsequent Hanoi invasion, the
installation of a puppet Khmer regime, the deliberate Vietnamese
attempt to starve the Cambodia people into extinction, the
introduction of tens of thousands of Vietnamese setters into Cambodia
as initial preparation for incorporating that country into an adjunct
of Vietnam, and the prime role of the Soviet Union as an accomplice of
Hanoi in all this.
The depth of suffering of the Cambodian people is one of the great
human tragedies of the twentieth century,' said Kennedy. ‘They face
today a brutal choice of torture and murder by rival government forces
or a slow death by hunger and disease. Neither the United States nor
the international community can ignore their cries for help.'
The afore-mentioned ‘experts' on Cambodia have, for the last decade,
been consistent only in their inconsistently-previously exalting the
Khmer Rouge, they now damn them, and earlier deifying Sihanouk and
they now scorn him. They accused the American of imperialism in
Indochina, but now apologise for Hanoi's stark colonisation of Laos
and Cambodia.
The nation bearing responsibility for the Cambodian tragedy is not the
United States but North Vietnam. For centuries Vietnam has coveted the
fertile rice basin of Cambodia; for decades the Vietnamese Communist
Party plotted to subjugate Cambodia and Laos into an Indo-China
Federation dominated by Hanoi.
Between April 1975 and December 1978, Cambodian refugee escapees to
Thailand bore witness to the brutal Khmer Rouge genocide. The world
ignored them.
Since January 1979, Cambodian escapees have told that the Vietnamese
‘liberators' of Cambodia are little better: that Hanoi inducted the
famine of 1979-80; that Hanoi is swamping Cambodia with Vietnamese
immigrants settlers; that Hanoi will eventually absorb Cambodia
entirely. Again, though, the desperate words of the Khmer people go
unheeded.
Only the way, we-Cambodian Victims can live and sleep harmoniously and
peacefully by appealing to the world leaders who are
peacelovers/pacifists and human right protectors who must put firmly
pressure on the present Phnom Penh government to bring all Khmer Rouge
leaders/cadres to the International Court of Justice to get the
answers from them: Who were wearing secretly black balaclava to murder
around 2 million Cambodians from 1975-79?
To us-the Cambodian Victims/survivors of "Mysterious Anonymous Higher
Organisation", Hanoi Leaders are 1000 per cent in responsibility of
murdering our members of families from 1970-79, and from 1979-91. One
day, all Khmer Rouge leaders/cadres are brought to by International
Court of Justice. Vietnamese hidden faces behind the Killing Fields
will be clearly opened to the world. More than half of villagers in my
village went to live in Pursat and Battambang provinces, who were
brutally and secretly murdered and starved to death from 1975-79. I
lost nearly 30 close relatives+my father and siblings.
SLK
Visitor
consequence! …
In Cambodia, the new Chinese immigrants have been very numerous and
active in all forms of economic activities. Although, Chinese have
always been well integrated into the Cambodian society, this new wave
of immigrants has created some concerns among Cambodians as they might
represent potential comp .. ….. …. …
VIETNAMESE ‘S PLUNDERED PHNOM-PENH 1975
According to François Ponchaud, author of " Year zero ", the pillage
of Cambodia starts as soon as when arrived of the Khmer Rouge =
Vietnamese in Phnom-Pehn, but this author speaks about this as the
cleaning of the symbol of the occident. But if that is right, Is Khmer
Rouge has to empty automatic in Vietnam?????
Quote-one: " You Kim Lanh, referred to above, testifies some: " I
remained one month in Phnom Penh to work for the Khmer Rouges. I was
to excavate all the houses and to collect remained the rice there, to
store the drugs coming from various pharmacies. We charged all that in
boats whose CREW WAS VIETNAMESE Yeri Savannary, professor, taken
refuge in Thailand about 15.10.1975, confirm the preceding account
indirectly: " From the end April, of the trucks made ceaseless
rotations on the road "National 1" driving to Saigon; they transported
the television-radio, motor bikes, cycles of all marks, bicycles,
drugs packed up and weapons of all categories. Close to Neak Luong,
approximately two hundred vehicles waited to cross the Mekong; there
was in particular of Mercédès and the 404. There were also three or
four guns of 105 mm and three trucks of drugs. ALL LEFT FOR VIETNAM"
(P. Ponchaud)
ELIMINATION MASSIVE OF KHMER SYMBOL AND PATRIMONY (an extract of the
book "Year Zero by F. Ponchaud)
Lao Bun Thai, mechanic, 23 years olds, taken refuge in October
1975,have worked until May 15 in Phnom Penh, confirmed: I saw, of my
own eyes, several trucks, filled to the brim with books, to pass in
front of the embassy of France and to gain north indeed. I also saw
burning on the lawn volumes of the library of the cathedral. The
library of the French School of the Far East, located at a few hundred
meters of the embassy underwent a fate similar on May 5 in morning. It
did not contain much any more of treasures, because essence had been
put in safety in France.
The few diplomats of accredited socialist countries with Phnom Penh
find the life hard: they cannot leave their embassy. Three times per
day, a jeep bring their meal to them; they have any distraction, no
personnel with their service, wash themselves their linen, etc " Every
two weeks, Friday, a plane of the Chinese CCAC makes it possible to
the foreign diplomats to go to take a bowl of air and freedom in
Peking... SINCE September 1976, THEY CAN ALSO USE THE NEW AIR LINE
CONNECTING FROM Phnom Penh TO HANOI" Only one newspaper in Khmer's
language of four pages, Padévath (Revolution), appears every fifteen
during the days and diffuse only the news conceiving the construction
of the country. (By F. Ponchau) At that period those who live in the
East, the border Vietnamese, often saw on stolen planes of Kampuchea
towards Vietnam.
Between the 09.12.1978-23.12.1978, the American journalists, Mrs
Elizabeth BECKER, author of book " Tear of Kampuchea " and her two
other colleges, Richard DZIMAN and Malcolm CALD WELL, were invited to
Phnom-Penh. They were accompanied to visit Toul-Sleng, but as Mrs
Elizabeth BECKER saw the register of the prisoners, she was very
surprised to see the names of leaders of the Communist Party Kampuchea
who were also imprisoned, tortured, confessed wrongly according to
what Pol-Pot want them to confessed. (By Mrs Elizabeth BECKER) …. /.
In May 1977, 400 formers Khmers Rouge TENDING Khmer were captures and
sent to Toul Sleng, they were been forced TO CONFESS AS VIETNAMESE
agents secretes. At 22.12.1977, the journalist, Malcolm CALD WELL, was
assassinated in his hotel in Phnom-Penh, because he probably saw what
one should not see, and which quicken besides the departure of
Elizabeth BECKER and Richard DZIMAN. (By Mrs Kim Thi Ui, Khmer Krom,
ex former Vietnamese's agent before becoming a worker of Son Ngok
Thanh.. so she was the former of the Troop Kansean Sar, led by Son
Ngok Thanh)
" Selon les estimations des services de renseignements américains, à
l'époque du coup d'Etat, les Khmers rouges avaient moins DE TROIS
MILLE HOMMES ET FEMMES SOUS LES ARMES. Peu de ces guérilleros avaient
subi un entraînement militaire sérieux, et ils étaient rarement
regroupés en unités plus importantes que la section. Leur connaissance
du marxisme-léninisme était superficielle, et les aspects
internationaux du mouvement échappaient à la plupart d'entre eux. Au
début de 1970, ils étaient éparpillés en petites bandes dans les
régions frontalières boisées des provinces de Kompong Speu, Kampot,
Battambang, Kratie, et dans le Nord-Est du Cambodge". (DAVID P
CHANDLER) ! We just wonder,
How can these few person could control the hold country? So those who
control Cambodian and Pol-Pot were Vietnamese, disguised in
Khmer-Rouge or Khmer rouge tendency Vietnamese
POL-POT ‘S CONFESSION ABOUT WHY KHMER SERVED VIETNAMESE
" A few days later, Pol. Pot accepted a team of television of the
American chain ABC. It benefitted from the occasion to launch a call
to the assistance; it was necessary to drive out the Vietnamese out of
Kampuchea, where those, declared it, carried out a " war of genocide
racial ". In a revealing passage, pol. Pot added that it found them
worse than Hitler: " Hitler killed the Jews and those which were
opposed to him. But Vietnamese kills those which are opposed to him,
and of innocent which does not want to join him "( Said Pol. Pot) …..
…. …Salot Sar want to be Someone by offering his service to
Vietnamese! (DAVID P CHANDLER) .
Saloth Sar was invaluable for the Vietnameses because it had bonds at
the same time with the urban Kampuchean elite, the Democrats, and the
Communists French Its lack of claim, the years spent to France and its
desire to learn compensated for its not very brilliant studies, the
privileged relations of its family and her thin knowledge of the
Marxism-Leninism. While going on the border Vietnamese to offer her
services, it had preceded certain comrades more qualified than it had
known in France, in particular Ieng Sary, Hou Youn and Thioun Mumm, as
well as the progressists of Phnom Penh, who were still wary of
Communism or did not want to take risks.
WHY KILLING KHMER BY ACCUSING OF VIETNAMESE?:
As usual, some brainwashes Khmer's leaders used to practice
abused/unfound accusation to serve their interest. So far even Hun sen
has accused thousands of innocent Khmer whom he don't like or who dare
contest against him as Khmer Rouge while he want to kill them. As Hun
sen or else Polpot has used this kind of trickery to eliminate whom he
don't want, even his old friends. Unfortunately this method served
only Youns of their crime. From who Polpot got such idea? May be from
Staline or Maos or simply from Ho Chi Minh, Pam Van don or Pam Van
Bar? His masters
According to many sources, Indochina will compose with 90% of
Vietnamese and 10% of other race that Vietnamese consider as minority
in their NEW STATE, so all Native Khmer that Vietnamese will keep
alive to plan the rice plantation to feed Vietnamese
POL-POT AND Hô Chi Minh
Pol.-Pot is an abbreviation of the English word mean " Politic
Potential ", such is the political nickname of ex-Saloth Sar which
Hanoi and China allotted to him./ In his youth, Pol Pot worked on a
rubber plantation and spent two years studying to become a Buddhist
monk. DURING THE WORLD WAR II, Pol-Pot JOINED THE ANTI-FRENCH
RESISTANCE MOVEMENT OF Ho Chi Minh. By 1946, HE WAS MEMBER OF THE
UNDERGROUND INDOCHINESE COMMUNISTE PARTY? AND IN 1949 , he won a
scholarship to study radio electronics in Paris. (By Jørgen Wouters
ABCNEWS.com
During the seven years which followed its departure of Phnom Penh,
Saloth Sar carried out an existence of fugitive, hiding in camps of
fortune of the east and the North-East of Kampuchea. It knew only one
period of respite in 1965-1966, when he Stayed eleven months in
North-Vietnam and in China. Pol-Pot has spend several stays like in
Vietnam between 1963-1970, often alone with Vietnamese's Leaders
(DavidG.Chandler) …. ….. From June 1965 at September 1966 Saloth Sar,
Keo Meas, and several other Kampuchean Communists, whose Um Neng (VI),
old of Prachacheon, went to the North-Viêt-nam and to China. The wife
of Ieng Sary, Khieu Thirith, affirmed in 1981 that her husband and
itself belonged to the delegation, but that appears not very
plausible. /. Saloth Sar and his comrades had probably been convened
by the Vietnameses to discuss the climbing of the war and the role
growing that the Kampuchean Communists would have to play It was
necessary to develop the tactics, as well as a suitable political
line. Moreover, the Vietnameses wanted certainly to have a better idea
of the successor of Tou Samouth; the Kampuchean Communists who had
taken refuge in NordViêt-nam in 1954-1955 and in the following years
were them also eager to become acquainted with Saloth Sar, then old of
37 years . / . In Hanoi, the members of the delegation were
accomodated with the largest respect. Saloth Sar gave for his
associated Vietnamese of the conferences on the situation in
Kampuchea; he also tackled " the problem of the name of the party "
(David G. Chandler)
POL-POT COVERED VIETNAMESE FROM MASSACRE TO VIETNAM in April 1975 and
April 1977:
During Pol-Pot regime a few Vietnamese were been killed by some
ignorance Khmer rouge tending Khmer who didn't understand the politics
of Pol-Pot that why: to avoid from possible SMUDGE ON VIETNAMESE "In
April 1975 and April 1977, Pol Pot had driven out about 20000
Vietnamese from Cambodia to Vietnam" (F. Pochaud) These Vietnamese
were return back to Cambodia since 1979… Other group was former Khmer
rouge HUN SEN, HENG SAMREN, CHEA SIM….and other group was former
Viet-Minh, Pen SOVANN's group….. All are Vietnamese and Vietnamese's
dog. " IF POL POT IS REALLY HOSTILE WITH VIETNAMESE WHY HE DID NOT
MASSACRE ALL THESE VIETNAMESE FOR HE HAS ALL THE POWER TO KILL THEM IF
HE WANTED TO…." but not on the contrary, these Vietnamese were been
well treated by Pol-Po's army during their tripe to Vietnam, during
many Khmer are suffer, hungry to die and massacred by Pol Pot … …
…………. …………/ . In an interview, many Khmer's student asked Hun Sen why
there too much immigrates Vietnamese settle anarchical in Cambodia..
Hun Sen replied :"Them, they are the Vietnamese evacuated in year 1975
and 1977 and they are back to Cambodia" !!!!!! ????
Stop the CRIME ON KHMER!
Visitor
(dhcp065-024-123-084.columbus.rr.com) Date: Monday, 13 January 2003,
at 9:22 a.m.
The reason for a below post article is in the hope to enlight some of
our Khmer Radical's, that are blindly and carelessly about their Khmer
History.
Please do a diligent research and take actions
Fraternity your, Funan
The Khmer Rouge and the Vietnamese Communists:
A history of their relations as told in the Soviet archives Dmitry
Mosyakov
To this day, the real history of relations between the Khmer
communists and their Vietnamese colleagues is enclosed in a veil of
secrecy. Despite extensive research on this theme in Russia and
abroad, there are still no reliable answers to many key questions. The
history of relations between Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge is construed
in Vietnam in a way which sometimes has nothing to do with the story
told in the West. Statements of some Khmer Rouge leaders like Khieu
Samphan or Ieng Sari, who have recently defected to the governmental
camp in Phnom Penh and say what people want to hear, are not to be
trusted either. All this supports the assumption that analysis of
relations between Hanoi and the Khmer Rouge is not only a historical
problem. There is still a political component, which encumbers its
objective study.
The author endeavours to tackle this problem and to present to the
reader an objective and impartial picture of what was happening. *The
research is based on a study of the former USSR's archival materials
(diaries of Soviet ambassadors in Vietnam, records of conversations
with ranking members of the Vietnamese government, analytical notes,
political letters of the Soviet embassy in the SRV, and other
documents) deposited in the Russian State Archive of Modern History
(RSAMH). Along with other sources, such as the French colonial
archives and interviews with Vietnamese and Cambodian participants
(see Ben Kiernan, How Pol Pot Came to Power: A History of Communism in
Kampuchea, 1930-1975, London, Verso, 1985), this work allows us to
give objective and reasonably complete answers to the question at
issue.
Relations between Khmer and Vietnamese communists have passed through
some major periods of development. In the first period, which can be
determined to span from 1930 to 1954, a small Khmer section of the
Indochina Communist Party (ICP), was under full ideological and
organizational control of the Vietnamese communists. During the years
of struggle for liberation from the governance of France (1946-1954),
the strength of this section grew continuously due to ICP recruitment
of the most radical participants in the anti-colonial struggle. The
Khmer People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP) was founded in June 1951 on
this basis. The leaders of this party, Son Ngoc Minh, Sieu Heng, and
Tou Samut, acted hand in hand in the anti-colonial war with the
Vietnamese and were truly valid allies and strict executors of all the
plans drafted by the ICP.
The 1954 Geneva Agreements on Indochina drastically changed relations
between Khmer and Vietnamese communists. The Vietnamese withdrew their
forces from Cambodia in accordance with the Agreements, but as
distinct from Laos (where the so-called free zone in the region of Sam
Neua was controlled by the communists), Hanoi could not ensure the
same conditions for their Khmer allies. The Vietnamese, under pressure
from the Sihanouk regime and its Western allies, did not even let the
Khmer communists participate in the Geneva negotiations, and by the
end of 1954 had withdrawn their combat forces from the regions of
Cambodia which were under their control. Hereupon Khmer Royal Forces
entered all zones that had been under KPRP authority, which forced the
party underground. The consolation offered by Hanoi - granting two
thousand of their allies the possibility of taking cover in the
territory of North Vietnam (Nayan Chanda, Brother Enemy, N.Y., 1986,
p. 59) - was obviously disproportionate to their contribution to a
joint struggle. Therefore among the Khmer communists remaining in
Cambodia the story gained currency that Hanoi had simply betrayed
them, used them as hostages for the sake of reaching the agreement
with the then leader of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk. The evaluation of
the Vietnamese operations of those days as an "unrighteous betrayal of
the Cambodian revolution" (W. Shawcross, Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon
and the Destruction of Cambodia, N.Y., 1987, p. 23 was later more than
once reproduced in official documents of the Khmer Rouge. Pol Pot
himself claimed it many times. Interestingly, Hanoi's decision was
remembered in Phnom Penh even in the eighties, when such a
high-ranking official in the Phnom Penh hierarchy as the executive
secretary of the pro-Vietnam United Front for National Salvation of
Kampuchea, Chan Ven, was of the opinion that in 1953, "the Vietnamese
had acted incorrectly by leaving us alone to face with the ruling
regime" (conversation with Chan Ven, Phnom Penh, July 15, 1984).
The events in Indochina in 1954 marked the beginning of a new period
in relations between the Khmer and Vietnamese communists. The close
partnership of 1949-1953 promptly came to naught, and the KPRP, which
had lost a considerable number of its members, went underground and
fell out of the field of vision of Hanoi for many years. The North
Vietnamese leaders who were preparing for a renewal of armed struggle
in the South, found in Sihanouk, with his anti-imperialist and
anti-American rhetoric, a far more important ally than the KPRP.
Moreover, Sihanouk had real power. Hanoi placed its bets on the
alliance with Sihanouk, who was not only critical of the United States
but also granted North Vietnam the possibility to use his territory
for creating rear bases on the so-called Ho Chi Minh Trail and even to
deliver ammunition and arms for the fighting in the South through the
Cambodian port of Sihanoukville. (However, the Khmers retained
approximately 10 % of all deliveries - see Nayan Chanda, Brother
Enemy, N.Y., 1986, pp. 61, 420). The Vietnamese did their best to
strengthen this regime, and went out of their way to scrap any plans
of the local communists to fight Sihanouk. Hanoi believed that "the
armed struggle with the government of Sihanouk slackened it and opened
a path to the intrigues of American imperialism against Kampuchea" (On
the History of the Vietnamese-Kampuchean Conflict, Hanoi, 1979, p. 9).
The Vietnamese even tried not to allow Khmer communists to leave Hanoi
for Cambodia to carry out illegal work in their home country, and
tried to have them keep different official positions in Vietnam
(RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 50, file 721: Document of the USSR embassy
in the DRV, April 1, 1965, p. 142).
As to the communists, operating on the territory of Cambodia, their
underground organization had broken up into rather isolated fractions
under heavy pressure from the authorities, and its illegal leaders
wandered through the country from one secret address to another at the
end of their tether. Authentic documents of this epoch were not saved.
However, according to the evidence of such an informed person as Tep
Khen - a former ambassador of Heng Samrin's regime in Phnom Penh, all
documentation of the party fitted into a schoolbag, which general
secretary Tou Samut and his two bodyguards carried while travelling
through the country. (Conversation with Tep Khen, Moscow, March 10,
1985). The treachery of Sieu Heng - the second most important person
in the KPRP - dealt a heavy blow against the underground organization.
This party leader, who had been in charge of KPRP work among peasants
for several years, secretly cooperated with the special services of
the ruling regime and during the period from 1955 to 1959 gave away
practically all communist activities in the country to the
authorities.
The prevailing obvious chaos inside the party and the absence of
serious control from the Vietnamese party presented Saloth Sar (later
he took the revolutionary pseudonym Pol Pot) who arrived home from
France, and his radical friends who had studied with him there, with
huge possibilities for elevation to the highest positions in a
semi-destroyed, isolated organization. The treachery of Sieu Heng did
not affect them seriously, because they belonged to an urban wing of
the party, headed by Tou Samut. The career growth of Pol Pot was
vigorous: in 1953 he was secretary of a regional party cell, while in
1959 he made it to the post of the secretary of Phnom Penh city
committee of CPRP (Conversation with Chan Ven, Phnom Penh, July 15,
1984).
When in 1962, the Sihanouk secret police laid its hands on and killed
Tou Samut at a secret hide-out in Phnom Penh (four years before - in
1958 - another prominent leader of the KPRP, editor of the party
newspaper Nop Bophan had been shot and killed), Pol Pot and his
friends got the unique chance to actually head the party or, more
precisely, what was left of it. As early as 1960, Pol Pot had managed
to assure that his evaluation of the situation in the country and his
views on the tactics and strategy of political struggle were accepted
as a basis for drafting a new program of the KPRP. It declared as the
main cause of the party the realization of a national-democratic
revolution, that is to say the struggle for the overthrow of the
regime existing in the country, a policy that went counter to the
interests of Hanoi. The congress approved a new Charter and formed a
new Central Committee, where Pol Pot assumed the responsibilities of
deputy chairman of the party.
The prevalence of new personnel was consolidated at the next Party
congress, which took place in January 1963. It was also held
underground at a secret address and according to veteran communists
there were not more than 20 persons at it (conversation with Chan Ven,
Phnom Penh, July 14, 1984). During this meeting a new Central
Committee, wherein young radicals held one third of all 12 posts, was
elected. Pol Pot himself took up the post of the general secretary,
and Ieng Sari became a member of the permanent bureau (To Kuyen, ‘The
CPRP as avant-garde of the Kampuchean people', Cong Shang, 1983,
N11-12. Cited from the Russian translation, "Questions of the history
of the CPSU," N10, 1984, p. 6 . Unexpectedly for the Vietnamese, Pol
Pot then renamed the party: from the People's Revolutionary Party to
the Communist Party of Kampuchea or CPK (conversation with Tep Khen,
Moscow, March 10, 1985). Much later, explaining the reason for
changing the name, Pol Pot claimed that "The Communist Party of
Indochina and consequently its successor the KPRP was in due course
created by the Vietnamese to occupy Cambodian and Lao lands"
(Provotesat songkhep nei pak protiatyun padevoat Kampuchea – ‘A Brief
history of the KPRP – The vanguard of the working class and all the
people of Kampuchea,' Phnom Penh, 1984, p. 7).
Vietnamese for a long time calmly watched the changes in Khmer
communist underground, practically not interfering into its business,
unaware of the fact that with their involuntary help an evil,
dictatorial bunch led by Pol Pot and Ieng Sari was emerging. In
January 1978, the first deputy chief of the external relations
department of the Communist Party of Vietnam's Central Committee,
Nguyen Thanh Le, told the Soviet ambassador: "There were
contradictions between Pol Pot and Ieng Sari before, so in 1963-1964
Ieng Sari left Pol Pot in the underground and went to Phnom Penh. Then
Pol Pot persuaded Vietnamese friends to help him to return Ieng Sari"
(RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1061, record of the Soviet
ambassador's conversation with the Vietnamese communist party Central
Committee's first deputy chief of the external relations department,
Nguyen Thanh Le, January 14, 1978, p. 6). It is hard to tell if this
information provided by Ngyuen Thanh Le recalls actual events. Pol Pot
always was an "alien" for the Hanoi leaders and it is difficult to
imagine that for the sake of repairing his relationship with Ieng
Sari, who was no less "alien" to Hanoi, Pol Pot needed Vietnamese
assistance. Most likely, high-ranking Vietnamese officials tried to
persuade their Soviet allies that Vietnam had the Khmer communist
leaders under firm control.
This neglect of the Khmer communists began to change in the
mid-sixties, when Hanoi realized that Sihanouk's support of
North-Vietnamese policy was becoming more and more frail. The
positions of opponents of friendship with Hanoi on behalf of the
powerful authoritative generals Lon Nol and Sirik Matak became more
and more stronger in Phnom Penh. Under such conditions, the Vietnamese
again recalled their natural allies – the Khmer communists. However
there they had to confront a lot of unexpected problems. The main one
was that due to obvious oversight there were people in the highest
posts of the Khmer Communist Party little-known to the Vietnamese, and
inevitably suspect because they were educated in France, instead of in
Hanoi. Besides, the majority of them had not participated in the
anti-colonial war and were not checked for allegiance "to the elder
brother." But the most important reason was that they quite openly
criticised North Vietnamese policy towards the Cambodian ruling
regime. Pol Pot, unlike his predecessors in the highest party post,
rigidly defended the line that Khmer communists should act
independently, fulfilling their own purposes and interests first of
all, and "should carry out independent, special policy on basic
matters of revolutionary struggle, theory and tactics". (Provatesat
songkhep nei pak protiatyun padevoat Kampuchea, p. 6). And Hanoi
should take into consideration that the young radicals had managed to
win certain popularity and support in party circles by their activity
and independence. The point of view of the new general secretary that
"the political struggle won't bring any results" was regarded with
understanding (Provatesat songkhep nei pak protiatyun padevoat
Kampuchea, p. 7). That's why the foreground task of the Khmer
communists should be the one of capturing power in Cambodia; interests
of "Vietnamese brothers" should not dominate in the determination of
CPK policy. Also important was that for the first time since the
Geneva agreements, the Khmer communists, despite instructions to
support the anti-imperialist policy of Sihanouk received by Pol Pot
during his secret stay in Hanoi in the summer of 1965, were prepared
to move to real actions. (Chanda, Brother Enemy, N.Y., 1986, p. 62).
In 1966, the Soviet embassy in Phnom Penh began to receive messages
that "the Communist Party is preparing the masses for an armed revolt"
(Fund 5, inventory 58, file 009540, dossier 324, p. 340). In December
1966, the journal "Somlenh polokor" (Workers' Voice), closely
connected to the communist underground, published an article stating:
"Brother workers and peasants should be united by all means to destroy
feudal and reactionary governors and their flunkeys in the territory
of Cambodia" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 58, file 009540, dossier 324,
p. 341).
Anxious that "the younger brother" was actually getting out of control
and putting North Vietnamese interests aside, Hanoi decided to act in
two directions: the first one was to redeploy and introduce necessary
people into the CPK – Khmer communists who had studied and lived in
Vietnam. They should be introduced into Cambodian party organizations
with the purposes of party personnel consolidation. According to the
archival documents dated 1965 for the first time after many years "the
group of Cambodian communists was transfered to Southern Vietnam for
outbreak of hostilities in Cambodia. (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 50,
file 721, Document of the Soviet embassy to the DRV, April 1, 1965, p.
142). The other direction was not to be involved in conflict with the
new communist party administration in Phnom Penh, but to demonstrate a
certain support to a ruling group in the CPK. Unlike previous years
nothing was said about the progressive role of Sihanouk. The statement
that "the struggle of the Khmer communists will be victorious" was
also a surprise. (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 50, file 721. Documents of
the Soviet embassy to the DRV, April 1, 1965, p. 142). Hanoi faced a
difficult dilemma: either to create a new communist organization in
Cambodia with personnel trained in northern Vietnam, or to introduce
"necessary people" in basic posts in the existing Communist Party and
to recognize even temporarily a not very reliable Pol Pot as the
legitimate communist leader of the fraternal party. The Vietnamese
politicians chose the second, as their purpose was to strengthen
communist forces in Cambodia, instead of making them weaker by an
internal split.
Furthermore there were no warranties that the pro-Vietnamese
organization led by Son Ngoc Minh -- a person compromised by full
subordination to Hanoi -- would be more powerful and numerous than Pol
Pot's party. One well-known episode shows how unpopular Son Ngoc Minh
was among Khmer communists. Keo Meas, one of the veterans, publicly
accused Son Ngoc Minh of ‘becoming fat in safety while the party
faithful were being liquidated' (Peasants and Politics in Kampuchea,
1942-1981, ed. by Ben Kiernan and Chanthou Boua, London, Zed, 1982, p.
194).
In addition to the above and as some further events have shown, the
policy of a new party leadership evidently was supported by other
authoritative veterans of the KPRP. Among them was So Phim, future
chief of the Eastern Zone and the fourth-ranking person in the party,
and Ta Mok, future chief of the Southwest Zone and one of the most
severe and loyal Pol Pot supporters. So it became obvious that Hanoi
did not have any other special choice. (Nguyen Co Thach, in his
conversation with the Soviet ambassador in January, 1978, said that So
Phim and Ta Mok were former members of the Communist Party of
Indochina. (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1062. Record of Soviet
ambassador's conversation with the deputy minister of Foreign affairs
of the SRV, Nguyen Co Thach, 21.01.1978, p. 20).
It was possible to assume that the Vietnamese decided to strike a
bargain by "marriage of convenience" at this time, hoping to remove
Pol Pot gradually from leadership. The radicals, in their turn also
agreed on compromise, as only Vietnam could have given them the assets
for the armed struggle and on party needs.
It is well known, that at that time Pol Pot was looking for support
both among Soviet and Chinese communists. According to some sources he
visited Beijing in 1965 and, as archival data indirectly testify,
gained support for his revolutionary plans from the Chinese leadership
(On the history of the Vietnam-Kampuchean Conflict, Hanoi, 1979, p.
9.)
At least, according to the information of the Soviet embassy in Hanoi
in a document dated February 19, 1968, it was pointed out that "using
the critical economic situation of the peasants in the number of
provinces, Chinese, based on pro-Maoist and pro-Vietnamese elements of
the left–wing forces, rouse actions of the so-called Khmer Rouge in
the Northern and Northwest provinces, smuggle weapons, and create
small armed groups of rebels (‘Subversive activities of Chinese in
Cambodia' (reference). RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 60, file 36. February
19, 1968, p.4).
Ung Khon San, the Deputy Chairman of Internal affairs at the Council
of Ministers of Cambodia, told Soviet representatives about Beijing's
active participation in the rousing of rebel activities. He said that
"rebels are armed with modern Chinese-made weapons (automatic rifles,
grenade launchers, and 81 mm. mortars)...these weapons were found in
boxes addressed to the textile factory in Battambang where Chinese
experts were working" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 60, file 365.
‘Subversive activities of Chinese in Cambodia' (reference), Phnom
Penh, February 19, 1968 p. 9-10).
One cannot but admit that besides his trip to Beijing in 1966, Pol Pot
expressed a desire to meet representatives of the Soviet embassy in
Phnom Penh, expecting to receive support from Moscow. The meeting took
place; however, Pol Pot was dissatisfied that a non-senior embassy
official was sent to the meeting with him (as the former ambassador in
Cambodia, Yuri Myakotnykh, told me in Barvikha on the 14th of August
1993, it was a conversation with only the third secretary of the
Soviet embassy).
The CPK's hopes for Soviet aid were not justified and could not be
justified because the Soviet representatives had practically no
serious information about the CPK (conversation with Yuri Myakotnykh,
Barvikha, August 14, 1993). The most the Soviet embassy could do at
that time "was to send a lecturer to the representatives of the
left-wing forces for a course of lectures on the socio-economic
problems of Cambodia" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 58, file 324. Economic
problems and escalation of the domestic situation in Cambodia (the
political letter of the embassy of the USSR in Cambodia, second
quarter 1966, p. 84).
The failure to establish contacts with Moscow did not weaken the
position of Pol Pot, as he had Beijing and Hanoi behind him. To
strengthen his support from Hanoi he even showed readiness for close
union and "special solidarity" with the DRV: Pol Pot introduced Nuon
Chea – a person trusted in Hanoi, whom Le Duan, leader of the
Vietnamese communists, in a conversation with the Soviet ambassador,
called a politician of "pro-Vietnam orientation" as the occupant of
the second most important post in the party. Speaking of Nuon Chea, Le
Duan literally emphasized "he is our man indeed and my personal
friend" (Record of conversation of the Soviet ambassador with Le Duan,
first secretary of the Vietnamese communist party Central Committee,
RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 69, file 2314, November 16, 1976, p. 113).
The compromise with Hanoi allowed Pol Pot to reserve to himself
authority in the party leadership, to provide the material and
military aid for fighting groups, which he called the Revolutionary
Army. In the period 1968-1970 this army conducted unsuccessful
operations against the forces of the ruling regime, sustaining heavy
losses, and did not have the slightest hope of coming to power.
A great chance for Pol Pot and Khmer communists came in March, 1970.
Their long-term enemy - Cambodian leader prince Sihanouk - was
overthrown in the military coup d'etat of March 18, 1970. He had to
enter into a military-political union with the communists to get back
to power. It became a turning point for the communists: in the eyes of
thousands of peasants, they turned from enemies of Sihanouk into his
protectors. The revolutionary army started growing as on yeast, and
the mass base of the communists considerably increased. In this case
the goals of purely communist reorganization obviously were set aside
for the moment, and the slogans of protection of the legal chief of
state and of national independence came to the fore.
In April-May 1970, significant North-Vietnamese forces entered
Cambodia in response to the call for help addressed to Vietnam not by
Pol Pot, but by his deputy Nuon Chea. Nguyen Co Thach recalls: "Nuon
Chea has asked for help and we have liberated five provinces of
Cambodia in ten days." (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1062.
Information on the conversation of the German comrades with the deputy
minister of foreign affairs of the SRV Nguyen Co Thach, who stayed on
a rest in the GDR from the 1st to the 6th of August, 1978. August 17,
1978, p. 70). In 1970, in fact, Vietnamese forces occupied almost a
quarter of the territory of Cambodia, and the zone of communist
control grew several times, as power in the so-called liberated
regions was given to the CPK. At that time relations between Pol Pot
and the North Vietnamese leaders were especially warm, though one
could not tell that the Vietnamese aroused obvious hostility among the
communist Cambodian leadership by their frank "elder brother" policy
towards the Khmers.
The Vietnamese leadership did not even hide the fact that the
Cambodian Communist Party, in assocation with the Vietnamese Workers
Party (VWP), was given the role of the "younger brother", obliged to
follow the directions of the "elder brother". The secretary of the VWP
Central Committee, Hoang Anh, for instance, in his speech on the
twentieth VWP Central Committee plenary meeting held in January, 1971,
declared: "We should strengthen the revolutionary base in Cambodia and
guide this country along the path of socialism. Here is the policy of
our party" (RSAMH, Fund 89, list 54, document 3, p. 21). Moreover,
Soviet diplomats working in Hanoi noted: "Vietnamese comrades last
year carefully raised one of the clauses of the former Indochina
Communist Party program concerning creation of the socialist
Federation of Indochina" (RSAMH, Fund 89, list 54, document 10. About
VWP policy in determination of Indochinese problems and our goals
implying from the decisions of the ??IV Congress of the C.P.S.U.
(political letter) May 21, 1971, p. 14.)
The sense of this federation formation was in the unification of
Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in one state after the victory of the
Indochinese revolution under the direction of Vietnamese communists as
"the elder brothers". It is natural that all these plans of Hanoi
leaders were well known in Cambodia and could not help raising certain
animosity and mistrust among Khmer communists not taking into
consideration their views on Cambodia's future. Soviet representatives
in Vietnam were well aware of the wary and even hostile attitude of
Khmer and Lao communists to Hanoi's plans on restriction of the
independence of Laos and Cambodia and a new reorganization of the
former territory of French Indochina. In the 1971 political letter,
they noted that a "too narrow national approach of Vietnamese comrades
towards the resolution of Indochinese problems, [and] noticeable
attempts of submission of Laos and Cambodia problems to the interests
of Vietnam, caused latent complaint of Lao and Cambodian friends"
(RSAMH, Fund 89, list 54, document 10 (political letter) p.5).
This "latent" complaint is well visible in the correspondence of Pol
Pot with Le Duan. In the letter of 1974, on the one hand he swore that
"all our victories are inseparable from the help of our brothers and
comrades-in-arms – the Vietnamese people and the Vietnamese workers
party" and on the other hand he quite definitely declared that
"relations between our parties are based on mutual respect and
non-interference in one another's internal affairs" (On the History of
the Vietnamese-Kampuchean Conflict, Hanoi, 1979, p. 20).
It is completely obviously that the Khmer Rouge party and military
apparatus "became more and more forceful, the ambitions of their
leaders, their genetic hostility and mistrust to the Vietnamese"
(historically Khmers always disliked Vietnamese, considering them
aggressors in relation to their home country) became more and more
obvious: "The Khmer Rouge only searched an occasion to designate their
own position, independent from the Vietnamese. In the liberated
regions they prohibited the local population to come into contact with
Vietnamese, attacked as if mistakenly separate Vietnamese groups,
seized wagon-trains with food supplies, ammunition and military
equipment" (On the History of the Vietnamese-Kampuchean Conflict,
Hanoi, 1979, p. 7).
The possibility for "insult" and "divorce" from Hanoi was granted to
them by destiny: in 1973, after the conclusion of the Peace agreement
in Paris, Pol Pot turned from formal into real leader on the liberated
territory of his country. The reason for this change was that the
Vietnamese in Paris, as in 1954 at Geneva, again agreed on full
withdrawal of their forces from Cambodia. Their withdrawal loosened
the Khmer Rouge leadership's dependence on Hanoi's instructions, saved
their party structures from dense political and ideological custody in
Cambodia by numerous Vietnamese advisers, and in fact disrupted the
positions of plainly pro-Vietnamese elements inside the CCP. Hem
Samin, very friendly to Vietnam, a first member of the United Front
for National Salvation of Kampuchea, recalled that since 1973 people
who had only joined the party at military party meetings "freely came
in for rude and groundless criticism of pro-Vietnamese veterans" (V.
Skvortsov, Kampuchea: The saving of freedom, ?oscow, 1980, p.6 . The
year 1973 was marked by the first wave of cadre emigration, when along
with Vietnamese forces the country was abandoned by future well known
figures of post-Pol Pot Cambodia like Miech Somnang and Keo Chenda.
Pen Sovan, who became the head of the Cambodian People's Revolutionary
Party reconstructed after 1979 by the Vietnamese, left the editorial
committee of the Khmer Rouge radio station in 1973 and escaped into
Vietnam. (V. Skvortsov, Kampuchea: The saving of freedom, ?oscow,
1980. p. 93.) The Vietnamese withdrawal of forces and the weakening of
Vietnamese control allowed Khmer radicals to begin realization of
their plans to toughen domestic policy in the spirit of "the Great
Leap Forward" and "the Cultural Revolution". A sharp transition
towards mass socialization and a reorganization of entire Khmer
village life in the spirit of China's large communes started just
after the Vietnamese withdrawal. Beforehand, it was a risky business,
as it would inevitably have caused suspicions that the Cambodian
communist leadership would not follow the Soviet-Vietnamese course,
but would have more sympathy for the Chinese experience.
The Khmer Rouge position strengthened again after success on all
fronts in their mass attack at the end of January and the beginning of
February, 1973. Thus Pol Pot more or less demonstrated to all that the
new Vietnamese "betrayal" ("Hanoi has left us" – thus Khieu Samphan in
a conversation with Sihanouk evaluated the Paris Agreement) and the
sharp aggravation of relations with the Vietnam Workers Party due to
the Khmer Rouge refusal, despite insistent Vietnamese
"recommendations," to enter into negotiations with the Lon Nol
government (W. Shawcross, Sideshow, p. 281), had not affected the
operations of the Khmer communists. Under his leadership the CPK,
unlike in 1954, was ready for such a turn of events, and independently
capable of a military victory in the country.
To be continued ....=>
Visitor
scheming,"> (cache.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 7 October 2002, at 5:49 p.m.
"Hanoi's scheming," Simon Ross's clearer message to Khmer children and
the world.
When Simon Ross was in Cambodia during "Second Indochinese War" from
1970-75, who knows too much about Hanoi's scheming in Cambodia and
Lao. Even when he farts, the word of Hanoi always comes out through
his rectums too. He's an Australian expert on Cambodian history, who
writes a Subjugation of Cambodia:
P.Intro (Vii):
History is only the personal interpretation of whoever happens to be
telling the story. In contradiction to the expressed view on Cambodia
held by many journalists, broadcasters and academics, this volume
assails Hanoi's actions in Indochina.
They accused the Americans of imperialism in Indochina, but now
apologise for Hanoi's stark colonisation of Laos and Cambodia.
From late 1975 I attempted to warn that Khmer Rouge were conducting
genocide and that a Vietnamese move into Cambodia was inevitable. But
my articles and arguments were rejected by editors. (How many groups
of Khmer Rouge were there in those days? Khmer Rouge was pro-Hanoi and
Khmer Rouge was also pro-China.
It was all so easily predictable: the subsequent Hanoi invasion, the
installation of a puppet Khmer regime, the deliberate Vietnamese
attempt to starve the Cambodian people into extinction, the
introduction of tens of thousands of Vietnamese settlers into Cambodia
as initial preparation for incorporating that country into an adjunct
of Vietnam, and the prime role of Soviet Union as an accomplice of
Hanoi in all this.
P.74:
A friend in Phnom Penh had been adamant: "You will see. North Vietnam
made our war because they want Cambodians to kill Cambodians. Then
when there are no more of us left, they will come and take our
country."
And when I asked others what they foresaw, the invariable reply was
"After the Khmer Rouge will come the Vietnamese".
The people of Phnom Penh were broodingly certain Hanoi's would
eventually move to conquer Cambodia, either using the Khmer Rouge as
pawns or else extermination them.
Bearing this theory in mind, I followed intently all developments in
the years after 1975 and, relating apparently insignificant remarks
and moves by Hanoi and Moscow to the context of my friends'
convection, it became apparent they were right. Hanoi was indeed
hell-bent on eventually subjugating Cambodia.
P.75:
Quite true. The Cambodian people had lost everything: their freedom,
their families, their houses, their land, their possessions, their
religion, their culture, their tradition peasant ways. Nearly on third
had also lost their lives.
All former Lon Nol soldiers were killed; public servants, doctors,
nurses, teachers, students and all other professions also
exterminated. Cambodia had 60,000 Buddhists bonzes in her population
of just seven million. All monks were derobed, many of them killed.
P.77:
By mid-1976 it was apparent that the "nation" Laos functioned merely
as a province of Vietnam and was totally dominated by Hanoi.
The Pathet Lao had believed they were fighting to free Laos from
foreign interference (French and American) but now found they had
fought and suffered only to see control of their country pass to
Hanoi. They could now see they had been betrayed. But Hanoi had placed
an occupation army of 40, 000 to quell any Laotian dissent.
"Yes, North Vietnamese liberated us", said one Lao refugee in
Thailand. "They liberated us of our crops, of our beasts, of our
prettiest girls and even of our country.
Clearly, the same scenario had been planned for Cambodia, but the
frantic nationalism of the Khmer Rouge was blocking Hanoi. Aha! Pol
Pot was completely destroying Hanoi's schemes on time.
In (Norodom Sihanouk with William Shawcross)his book (War&Hope), Khieu
Samphan gave a real clear message to the world:
P.11:-Vietnamese aggressions with the intention of destroying the
Khmer Rouge's best units. Khieu Samphan and his comrades explained to
me (then-prince Sihanouk), regarding this, that the North Vietnamese
desperately wanted to nip Khmer Rouge power in the bud so as to
prepare for coming to power (after a foreseeable victory over the U.S.
and Lon Nol) of a government that would be Cambodian in appearance
only and in reality Vietnam's servant.
Sideshow on Page 285 by William Shawcross: Nixon evidently believed in
1973 ( and still in 1978) that the Khmer Rouge were controlled by
Hanoi and were anemable to Moscow.
The Vietnamese were aware of the Pol Pot genocide yet made absolutely
no attempt to inform the outside world of it. They remained silent,
hopefully they could plot an internal coup by the surviving
Hanoi-Khmers to topple Pol Pot and thus put themselves in power.
Failing that, they would have to invade to seize control of Cambodia.
Either way, the last thing Hanoi wanted was an international outcry
over the Khmer Rouge atrocities, because world uproar might have led
to United Nations military intervention in Cambodia, which would have
foiled Hanoi's plan for future conquest.
Talks between Hanoi and Democratic Kampuchea had been fruitless
throughout all of 1975 and 1976, Pol Pot claiming from the start that
Hanoi's sole aim was to annex Cambodia into an Indochinese
Confederation.
P.81:
Throughout 1978 Russian ships brought military and logistic supplies
into Vietnam in preparation for the invasion. Hanoi began describing
that country as Hell on Earth-something she had known since mi-1975
but kept discreetly silent about.
P.82:
Vietnam had massed 120,000 troops along Cambodia's border by Christmas
1978. On January 2 1979, their armoured assault began with heavy air
support. The "kampuchean United Front" army tagged along, doing no
fighting while North Vietnam tanks roared unopposed down the main
highways all the way across Cambodia to the Thai border.
P.94:
Hanoi won the war but is rapidly losing the peace. The current
economic situation of Vietnam is chronic. Inflation is doubling
prices. Hanoi has printed a large amount of unbacked currency;
Vietnamese has just enough foreign currency to buy but one week of
imports; she can not pay any interest on any foreign debt to
non-communist countries.
On the back:
The nation bearing responsibility for the Cambodian tragedy is not the
United States but North Vietnam. For centuries Vietnam has coveted the
fertile rice basin of Cambodia; for decades the Vietnamese Communist
Party plotted to subjugate Cambodia and Laos into an Indo-China
Federation dominated by Hanoi.
Since January 1979, Cambodian escapees have told that the Vietnamese
‘liberators' of Cambodia are little better: that Hanoi inducted the
famine of 1979-80; that Hanoi is swamping Cambodia with Vietnamese
immigrants settlers; that Hanoi will eventually absorb Cambodia
entirely. Again, though, the desperate words of the Khmer people go
unheeded.
By Martin Wright
1989
Cambodia Matter of survival
PP.11-12:
A number of new Vietnamese settlers have returned following the
installation of the pro-Vietnam People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK)
regime in 1979. The exact size of the new Vietnamese community is
disputed, and some commentators have accused Hanoi of charging out a
policy of "Vietnamization" in Cambodia.
Please pro-Hanoi/Vietminh/Vietcong, Leninists, Stalists and all
communists, totalitarianism, expansionism and hegemonism stop hiding
the true facts and chains of events that you are trying to bury in the
ground anymore. You should go to temple and confess all crimes you've
committed, and let a high priest shave your hair to be a monk. Buddha
will pardon you, it's not too late for you yet. If not, bad karma will
haunt you for the rest of your life. You will surely be punished any
crimes you've against Khmers in the near future, you trust in
God/Buddha. SLK
Visitor
Posted By: SLK <mailto:Chen...@hotmail.com?subject=Vietnamese secret
agents in both Cambodia & Laos> (cache.net2000.com.au)
Date: Tuesday, 7 January 2003, at 12:04 a.m.
Vietnamese secret agents in both Cambodia and Laos
Firstly, I really hated Sihanouk in the first place when I came to
Australia 20 years ago. But when I start to read Cambodian History
both in Khmer and English. All of sudden, I've got brainstorm, which
tells me that Sihanouk knew all Vietnamese dirty plans against his
fellow countrymen. That's why He and General Lon Nol went to have a
secret talk in Rome before the Coup took place in 1970.
When Lon Nol came back home, he started to do his job as he was told
to drive out Vietnamese secret agents of Cambodia.
When Vietnamese were unshamefacedly lying to the world that they
withdrew their aggressive troops from Cambodia in 1989. My Vietnamese
mother clearly told me that: "There were too many Vietnamese soldiers
went back to Hanoi to bring back their Vietnamese families to live in
Cambodia." For example, Vietnamese man, who came to her house in Srok
Kiensvay, Khet Kandal, secretly told her that he's going to Srok Yuon.
But he didn't clearly tell her why he's going to Srok Yuon? When that
man came back to Cambodia from Srok Yuon. She told me surprisingly
that he brought back all his Vietnamese families from Srok Yuon to
live in Cambodia freely and happily.
According to CIA appeared in Smaradey Khmer in Sydney between 1985 and
1987, in their clear message to the world that there are 23 out of 25
Laotian leaders who are genuinely Vietnamese origins who have been
ruling Laos since 1975. In those days, I also listened to Radio 3EA
being broadcasted by Um Narong in Melbourne.
A Khmer man, who was living in France, sold everything he had on him,
went to Cambodia as a taxi driver, clearly sent messages to Smaradey
Khmer by telling the world that he saw too many Vietminh and Vietcong
soldiers. To his surprise by seeing Vietminh sitting in his cab, so he
sold everything he had on him in Cambodia who went back to France.
(This was happening after the Signing Paris Peace Agreement in 1991.)
Those Vietminh and Vietcong sitting in his cab who didn't seem to
recognise him. But he knew their faces clearly…
On Radio Free Asia, Pen Sovann clearly told the world and Khmers a few
months ago that: "There are too many Vietnamese secret agents
everywhere in Cambodia such as Vietnamese national ‘Hai Tung' in Takeo
Province is a chief-commander who is in disguise as Khmer."
Cambodia Matter of survival
By Martin Wright
1989
P.50:
Troops were withdrawn, hardline Thailand and Singapore, on the other
hand, insisted that any political solution must include the withdrawal
of all Vietnamese forces from Cambodia.
Proposals for regional consultations UPT forward in January and June
1981, by the Indochinese countries (Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia) were
rejected by ASEAN. An UN-sponsored international conference on
Cambodia, which was held in New York in Mi-July 1981, adopted a
declaration calling for a ceasefire, the withdrawal of foreign (Ie.
Vietnamese) forces, free elections under UN supervision and the
neutralization of Cambodia. Not surprisingly, the declaration was
rejected both by Vietnam, which had boycotted the conference, and by
the PRK government, which had not been invited.
P.60:
There was also disagreement over the CGDK's demands that the issue of
Vietnamese settlers in Cambodia be discussed. The Khmer Rouge claimed
that the Vietnamese Government had settled over 1,000,000 of its
countrymen in, and assertion denied by most independent commentators.
PP.72-73:
The reasons for Vietnam's decision to withdraw its troops are complex,
and encompass political, economic and military considerations. In
military terms, there appear to have been two reasons for the decision
to withdraw. First, Vietnamese troops had managed to control the
military threat from the Cambodian resistance forces. The turning
point was probably the 1984-85 dry season offensive, when Vietnamese
forces managed to eliminate the opposition's camps on the Cambodian
side of the Thai-Cambodian border.
The resistance factions and the Thai military have all expressed
concerns that Vietnamese troops would remain in Cambodia "disguised"
as state of Cambodian soldiers. If they remained as solely Vietnamese
units, it is likely that they would go undetected for long. However,
it is difficult to see what particular benefits Hanoi would gain if
Vietnamese troops were integrated into the State of Cambodian armed
forces unless it was in such large numbers that, again, detection was
highly likely.
Alternatively, Hanoi could keep several highly-mobile forces of
regimental strength hidden in the Cambodian jungle, which could be
called on to come quickly to the resistance of State of Cambodia
forces in areas where they were particularly hard pressed by
resistance forces. But once they came out of hiding, their presence
would quickly be made known to the outside world.
For Hanoi, the difficulty with a partial withdrawal dressed up as
total is that discovery might lose it both the moral advantage and
accompanying political and economic benefits which it hopes for. So
any Vietnamese force left behind in Cambodia would have to make a
significant difference to be worth the risk. Yet the more impact it
made, the more likely its presence would be detected.
The military balance
P.73:
In addition, Thailand might not be willing to allow its territory to
be used as a rear area by the Khmer Rouge. The main argument against
such a scenario is that the Soviet Union, which footed much of the
bill for Vietnam's military presence from 1978 to 1989, would be
unwilling to pay the costs of a renewed excursion. So complete
reintervention would have to be for limited period, and there is
littler the Vietnamese could hope to accomplish in such an operation
that they were not able to achieve in the 10 years of their first
intervention.
In the long term, Vietnam would also face mounting Khmer nationalist
resentment of Vietnamese military presence in Cambodia. Western and
Southeast Asian countries would like to acquiesce in what would amount
to Vietnamese annexation of Cambodia territory.
The Vietnamese nationals and Vietminh behind the coup
BY KENNETH T. SO
OCTOBER 3, 1997
PHRETIKA KHMER was printed in Melbourne in Australia:
Lt. Gen. Ke Kim Yan, chief of the general staff: born in Battambang
province, Ke Kim Yan has made his way up from the head of district
military force. He speaks some English and Vietnamese. He has a very
strong connection with Chea Sim, CPP president and chairman of the
national assembly. He is pretty moderate. In the past, he turned down
Hun Sen's orders to prepare a military action against gen., Nhiek Bun
Chhay and the royalists. It is widely believed he does not posses much
power. For instance, during the negotiation with the Khmer Rouge, Ke
Kim Yan was left out, and also during the coup of July 5-6, 1997, he
did not play a major role. Ke Kim Yan is greatly involved in business
deals such as logging contract with the Indonesian military general.
Lt. Gen. Tea Banh, Co-minister of defence born in Koh Kong province,
Tea Banh joined the communist underground as company commander in the
so-called militia unit of Koh Kong province. He was stationed in Koh
Kong and along the Cambodian-Thai border until sometimes before the
Vietnamese invasion in Cambodia in 1979. He was trained in Hanoi, and
is very fluent in Vietnamese. He is also fluent in Thai and still
maintains a huge house in Bangna, Bangkok. Most of his relatives have
their second houses in Thailand and also hold Thai identification
cards. He was a strong connection with say Phou Thang, the most senior
and powerful figure within the CPP. Say Phou Thang is widely believed
to directly report and receives orders from the Vietnamese communist
party. (I heard Tea Banh who speaks Khmer very bad, was interviewed
with Radio Free Asia early 2002. If some of us-Khmers didn't learn to
speak Khmer properly, we would not understand what he was talking
about. It's terrible accent he uses on Radio Free Asia.)
Lt. Gen. Chay Saing Yun, Co-secretary of state widely believed as a
Vietnamese national, Chay Saing Yun rarely appears in public meeting,
especially with the press. He does not want to be questioned about his
background. He is one of the hard-liners and difficult to deal with.
During the so-called aborted coup of July 1994 Sin Song and prince
Chrapong, Chay Saing Yun fled to Vietnam.
Lt. Gen. Nuon Sok, Co-undersecretary of state, Nuon Sok said he was
sent to Hanoi when he was very young. He went to Vietnam in 1954-55
after Cambodia gained its independence from France. He said he was so
naive at the time but he just followed the group when they were
recruited to be sent to Vietnam. In North Vietnam, he said that the
Khmer children, who were brought there, were placed in Vietnamese
villages to get acquainted with the Vietnamese cultural and life, and
also to learn the Vietnamese language. He was married to a Vietnamese
woman. He said he is very conscious about what the game of
nationalism, if played, must be played by all Cambodian leaders, and
not him alone.
Lt. Gen. Pol Saroeun, Deputy chief of the general staff trained in
Vietnam. Pol Saroeun was chief of general staff before Ke Kim Yan. He
was also governor of Takeo. He has a good connection with Hun Sen. He
talks and reports directly to Hun Sen.
Lt. Gen. Meas Sophea, Deputy chief of the general staff widely
believed as a Vietnamese national, Meas Sophea has a strong connection
with Hun Sen. His father was known to be a north Vietnamese (Vietcong)
colonel. He played a major role during the 5-6 July coup.
After the coup, Ke Kim Yan, Pol Saroeun and Meas Sophea were promoted
to become advisers to the royal government of Cambodia and of
dictatorial leader Hun Sen.
In his book (War & Hope, with William Shawcross, 1980), King Sihanouk
gave all clear messages to the world about Vietnamese dirty plans
against Khmers:
P.xxVIII: The Vietnamese, in Saigon as well as Hanoi, proceeded to
slice up the country only Norodom Sihanouk's presence in power had to
had kept intact.
P.99: But giving the Vietnamese a good licking is even better, because
we hate them more than the Americans. President Khieu Samphan himself
gave me the following learned explanation: " We should hate the
Vietnamese much more than the French colonialists or American
imperialists, who could not have swallowed up our country even if they
had wanted to. Of course they more or less colonised us, but they
certainly did not intend to wipe out our Kampuchean race or destroy
our territorial integrity-while the Vietnamese will never rest until
they have completely swallowed up our country. Just look at Kampuchea
Krom [South Vietnam]: what was once Kampuchea territory has now become
an integral part of Vietnam and our unfortunate Khmer Krom compatriots
are bound to lose their Pralung Cheat [national soul], since they have
been forced to give up their kampuchean citizenship... Look at Laos,
too: the Laotian leadership is more Vietnamese than anything, With
Kaysone Phomvihan (Prime Minister) at least half Annamite by birth and
Souphanouvong (President) married to a North Vietnamese passionaria!
The Laotian civil services, public works, economy, are actual headed
and staffed by Vietnamese. That is why we believe it is the
Kampucheans' sacred duty to hate the Vietnamese more than anything, to
work harder than they do, and to accept all the sacrifices involved in
humbling them for good.
P.107:-In the second place, Hanoi is afraid Norodom Sihanouk might be
restored to power.
P.148-49: But no matter what they say about me, until the day I die I
will keep on believing that the Vietnamese will have no regard for our
national independence and territorial integrity until they have reason
to be grateful to us.
The Lebanese journalist couple I mentioned earlier pointed out to me
that the People's Republic of China had also given Vietnam a great
deal of various kinds of aid during the fight against the Americans,
but that the Vietnamese have repaid their Chinese benefactors with
nothing but ingratitude.
Quoting from Google-Cambodia:
Poor Cambodia! In Kampuchea Krom, our brother and sisters were forced
to change their names into: Thach, Son, Kim, Troung etc... And for 200
years all Khmer names were totally forgotten and removed from the
Khmer culture. After 1979 the Yuon who came to invade and occupy
Cambodia by millions have changed their names into a Khmer names and
rule Cambodia ever since.
They have robbed everything, land, government and now culture. They
perform the Royal Ballet on behalf of Khmer and toured America and
performed at the Kennedy Center in Washington DC with the applause of
all Khmer in America. Now they produce DVD, Video and CD with Khmer
music and the Khmer applaud them again. PBS will show Cambodia through
the Yuon again and all Khmer in America will be proud again?
When Mr Sam Rainsy came to America recently, a Hun Sen supporter David
Roberts attacked him calling him a racist saying he must not call a
Yuon, a Yuon. Think well compatriots. 1. Hor nam Hong is a Yuon who is
Foreign Minister for all Khmer. 2. Hok Lundy another Yuon is Head of
Police of all Cambodia 3.Ong Yin Tieng another Yuon who speaks for Hun
Sen 4.Khieu Thavika another Yuon fluent in Khmer and who is doing the
work for Hun Sen. Here at PBS you will be surprised. Open your eyes
and see the reality. What you should do if all Yuon take all
everything from Khmer even in America?
THREE VIETNAMESE disguised as Cambodians: -Sophiline Shapiro
-Chanrithy Him -Prach Ly will be shown on PBS There are 200 000
Cambodian American here in the US. And no Khmer are able to detect
this fraud? And I check at the PBS website:
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/cambodia/index.html. and
what I have found?
The history stops at Pol Pot and there is no word on the Vietnamese
aggression against Cambodia 1979. No word about the Vietnamese
invasion & occupation 1979-1989 that had killed 460 000 innocent
Cambodians. Worse these stories are to be told by the Vietnamese. Eh?
THE STORY Synopsis of "Pol Pot's Shadow" CHRONICLE OF SURVIVAL
Historical Analysis: The U.S. and Cambodia CAMBODIAN-AMERICAN SPEAK
The Rapper, the Dancer, and the Storyteller FACTS AND STATS Learn more
about Cambodia LINKS & RESOURCES Genocide, War Crimes, Politics MAP
Most of the 172,000 people of Cambodian origin now living in the
United States arrived here as refugees, fleeing war, starvation,
forced labor and the mass killings of the Khmer Rouge rule. In
"Cambodian/Americans Speak," three survivors who are forging new
Khmer-American identities speak about their lives, their art and their
struggles to reclaim memory. Sophiline Shapiro keeps the ancient forms
of Cambodian classical dance alive and blends them with dramas that
speak to a people's need for justice. Chanrithy Him writes her own
heart-wrenching accounts of genocide and gives voice to other
adolescent survivors of trauma. Prach Ly jumps into hip-hop -- that
most American of forms -- and raps the story of Cambodia, from the
evacuated streets of Phnom Penh to the freestyle immigrant mix of Long
Beach. Now there are no Khmer to tell their own stories to the PBS?
It's a shame.
SLK
Visitor
Posted by Roduol on 2003-01-05 10:37:07
Subject: Pol-Pot and his microbes !!!!! From: mtes...@yahoo.com
(Mtes_Tum) Newsgroups: soc.culture.cambodia Organization:
http://clubkhmer.com Date: Dec 11 2002 23:51:26
Sida or Polpot and his microbes !!!!!
The HIV, the virus responsible of the AIDS was discovered in 1983 by
the equip virologists of ' Institute Pasteur (Paris), directed by
professor Luc Montagnier. Classified in the group of trovirus and the
sub-group of the lentivirus, the virus of the AIDS possess a material
genetic made up of ARN. The structure of its inheritance genetic is
different from those of the majority of trovirus. Though, in plus of
the genes with structure common to the other trovirus (gag, pol. and
env), HIV possess another 6 others genes (tat, rev, nave, pvu, vpr and
sharp),whose roles as the regulator. . . . .
Syndrome immunodeficiency acquired (AIDS), advanced stage the most
serious of this infection, characterised by the deficient of the
immunizing system, which facilitates the infections by different germs
and the appearance of certain cancers. It appears primarily the
infections which are known as opportunist or current but which can not
harm the normal healthy subjects whose immunity is normal.
The AIDS is a serious transmissible infection attacks primary the
natural defend system (the immunizing system), which protect the human
organization from all kind the infectious aggressions micro-organisms
as bacterium, mushrooms or parasites).Normally the immunizing system
functions grace of the contest of white globules specialized:
lymphocytes.
HIV is considered by the searchers as a most malignant virus which can
dissimilate invisibly in the heart of the blood system (very tiny), by
using the most vital monitor lymphocyte CD4 as its content (vehicle,
reservoir) to circulate in the heart of the blood system. Dr. Klatzman
has shown that the HIV attack at first the lymphocytes CD4, killed
them and used them as its instruments in its progressing processing.
The HIV can infect the macrophages, white globules which alert T4 if
there're any present of foreign body. Alteration of the natural
functions of immunizing defend finishes by the development several
serious clinical syndrome. The latest stage of the AIDS itself, AIDS
declared is the major form of the immunizing deficient. Massacred the
very heart of the defend system by using its own enemies is very
malignant, dramatic yet efficient.
Like all the viruses, the HIV is a parasite: it can only reproduce
within its host cell that its has killed/destroyed. To penetrate to
cytoplasm, the virus HIV fix itself the lymphocyte CD4. The ARN viral,
material genetic of the HIV, is transcribed in ADN proviral grace of
the specific enzyme: the inverse transcriptase. The ADN pro viral
reaches nucleus cell colonized where it integrate its chromosomes and
product thousands copies of ARN viral, of which the ARN messengers
syntheses the viral proteins, which, after the meticulous assembly,
will constitute the complete virus (HIV) The latter acquired all its
faculties infectious grace of the action of an enzyme, protease, which
active by acting on one protein of the viral hull.
The story of HIV, Khmer society or Polpot and his microbes is the
same. Yet, Polpot go to get Youn's HIV himself since 1946, Though,
later, after the victory of 1975, Polpot want to reach out of Viet
control and manifest his will clearly in 1977_78 which caused his
fall. Though, can Polpot reached to get off such sucker parasites, so
Polpot become paranoid and have nothing to do than being so cruel.
Must be stupid and unconscious's act as many other precedent or actual
Cambodians leaders, for power, may be, nationalist, NO, whether
his/their attention or else . . . The same thing repeats with Viets
since XVII centuries and Khmer's people continue to undergo such
degraded drama.
According to Davide Chandler, Polpot did not has the total control of
all what happened in Cambodia of that period and we could understand
why! Though, other people try to assassinate him and temped several
Etat coup which cause his frustration and paranoiac. Anyway, Polpot
must take all the responsible of the three millions Khmer killed.
Manipulated/used or else Polpot and his company must condemn for their
responsibility in the genocide of Khmer humanity. . . . .
In the dark, people can confuse a piece of the insignificant glass
with the diamond ..... The different between other Khmer Nationalists
and Polpot is, they love Khmer's humanity, and try from all their
bests to preserve and defend Khmer's interest/culture and Nation while
Polpot destroyed completely, all what is bound to Khmer Nation, it is
a real YOUN'S WILL ONLY, not those of Khmer . . . . .
Chheam Khmer Mtes Tum
Subject: Re: Polpot and his microbes !!!!! From: mtes...@yahoo.com
(Mtes Tum) Newsgroups: soc.culture.cambodia Organization:
http://clubkhmer.com Date: Dec 12 2002 00:35:03 References: 1
One more thing I forgot to add (according to some searchers), the real
misfortune of the human酒 immunity after being contaminated with the
HIV virus is, being kill by its own system reproductive; liver and
pancreas enzymes (easy explanation) , the responsible of the red blood
cell reproductive . . . . . They just saw the disorder and see no
cause or responsible so they kill, the HIV is too much tiny and
malignant so invisible . . . . The same in Khmer society !!!
Mtes Tum
Visitor
Does Khmers Rouge = Vietnamese?
Pol Pot is an abbreviation of the English word "Politic Potential";
such is the political nickname of ex-Saloth Sar that Hanoi and China
allotted to him. He was a personal selected by Hanoi and China to
replace Soeung Ngok Minh and Tout Sa Mut, which had just disappeared
under a mysterious condition. From the point of view of the origin,
Pol Pot is nothing Vietnamese, but for the point of view of policy and
profile, Pol Pot served incontestably, the interest of Vietnamese.
Born in Prek Sbauv (Kompong Thom) in May 19, 1928, he descended from a
comfort farming family. He was the eighth child of a sino-khmer family
(half-caste Chinese).
His family entered in the chronicle royal history since 1925, when his
aunt (? Cousin) Khun Meak, a royal ballet dancer became a concubine of
king Monivong. From this alliance will be born the princess Khun Yeap
who will become the last concubine of king Suramarith and mother of
prince Sirivutdh. Later, the elder brother (? Uncle) of Saloth Sar,
named Saloth Suong became a significant employee in the royal palate,
he married in 1940 with a dancer of the palate, named Chea Samy, and
would work up to 1975. Later, Saroeun, a sister of Sar, a dancer,
became a concubine of king Monivong too.
Between 1934-35, the parents of Sar sent him to live at Phnom Penh
with his brother and his sister-in-law, Saloth Suong and Chea Samy.
As a teenager, Saloth Sar often worked in the farm and had fact
followed teaching Buddhism to become monk. During the Second World War
in 1946, Po-Pot joined the movement Anti-French of Hô Chi Minh. In
1949, he became an underground member of the Indo-China Communist
Party, but at that time (1949) he acquired a purse to study of
radio-electronics in Paris, at once he joined to the French party
communism. When his return to Cambodia in 1953, he has joined in the
Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea and taught the history and geography
in a private school "Kampuchaboth " and wrote many articles for the
left newspaper.
In 1954, when the Frenchs left Indo-China, they have appointed
Sihanouk on the throne, but Saloth Sar is opposite. He founded 1960
the congresses of the Kampuchea Communist Party. In 1963, he was
elected central secretary of committee of the Communist Party
Kampuchea. Feared from reprisals of king Sihanouk, the members of the
Kampuchea Communist Party refuges in the forests where they met the
guerrilla of Khmer Rouge party. In decade 60, the USA reinforced its
military campaigns to destroy the Vietnamese Communist Party of Hô Chi
Hinh, but as of decade 70 the war was devastated until the territorial
Cambodia where the USA suspected of being hidden the Vietnamese
communist forces and which was the case. The civil war and the
bombardment almost lasted a year and which made numerous victims among
the civil ones.
April 17, 1975, Phnom Penh was fallen in the hand of Khmer Rouge. The
reception was however cordial to the odd liberators. Many Cambodians
left in the street to acclaim the winners. The white flags floated
everywhere. But these strange liberators became suddenly firm, cruel
and incomprehensible. The noises of microphones threatening, required
the evacuation immediate of the inhabitants of Phnom-Penh from their
houses, those which are opposite were been killed at once on the spot,
it is then, how the hell of the Kampuchean people began. In three 3
years 8 months and 20 days, at last 30-45% of the Khmer population
were perished, either of massacre, or of programmed famine, or
disease, or from torture and I pass …
January 7, 1979 when Vietnam invades the territory Khmer, there
remained about 4 million inhabitants on 7 millions (before de event of
17 aril 1975) The majority of the streets and the villages are almost
deserted and one was happy to meet the inhabitants. At the beginning
of year 79, they estimated that there are more than three million of
Cambodian perished between 75-79, but at once these figures were lied
and contradicted unceasingly. The reason was obvious; the demographic
rate rises incredibly quickly. In order to justify this doubtful
increase, the government of Hun SEN must reduce the number of Khmer
deaths. And one wonders why? Why of such invention? To understand, it
is quite simply necessary to go in the districts for the length of the
river Tonlé Basak such as Chba Am-Poe, Kbal Thnal etc in all the other
popular khmer capitals to see the mass of Vietnamese immigrants freely
coming to settle since the invasion Vietnamese.
And what is even more scandalous, it is that many them are not simple
population but are truths martyrs of Hanoi. They are discrete,
underground, and transferred people who control and invigilate all the
activities of the Cambodians. Any suspicious activity or verbal, one
will immediately made convene, question and often remove. And since
the existence of the election in Cambodian, many are the Vietnamese
who came to support the government in place. Some of them have
infiltrated in the heart of the Khmer political system.
All was prepared, all was set up to trapped the Cambodian people, the
least details thoroughly were studied organized and programmed.
Including the setting in scene of the hostility of Pol Pot with Hanoi
government. In April 1975 and April 1977, Pol Pot had driven out of
Cambodians about 20000 Vietnamese, but his true goal is to mislead the
opinion world to serve the invasion policy of Hanoi later. In fact,
Pol.-Pot had gathered them and taken them safety to Vietnam. The put
in scene was however perfect. Pol Pot leaded a hostile policy with his
old Master and had even killed some of them. Astonishing way to thanks
his Master whom he always submitted, admired and maintained of the
underground relations more than doubtful.
We wonders, if Pol Pot is really hostile with Vietnam why he did not
massacre all these people as made the General Lon Nol, for he had all
the capacities to do it, but not on the contrary, as long as the Khmer
people are massacred like rabbits, enemy Vietnamese of Pol Pot is put
in shelters and well treated in their long cross to Vietnam. Later all
these people there were came back at once to Cambodia since 1979. And
when the Cambodians asked why there are too many of the Vietnamese
came freely to Cambodia, Hun SEN answers, them, they are the
Vietnamese evacuated in year 1975 and 1979 and they are back to
Cambodia. Astonishing! Astonishing Pol Pot!
And what is even more striking, it is that, during his throne, Pol Pot
ordered to gather, to collect all the richness of Cambodia and stored
by categories in the diverse surest places, and when the Vietnamese
arrived at 1979 in Phnom-Penh, they know exactly where all these
ammunition were hided and they have nothing to do else than to
transport to Vietnam, by boats, plane, trucks (especially on national
I), that really seems to a mass burglary, which goes from simple
material of recovery until the Khmer cultural inheritance, such as the
old low-relief or statutes…Etc. And also the humanitarian aids,
intended then for Cambodians who were dying of hunger, but the poor
Cambodian have received nothing. Because all these boats of ammunition
left to Vietnam. Another disconcerting fact was also obvious, in
1976-1977 when Pol Pot seems struck Vietnam; it seems as only an easy
provocation to allow the Vietnam to invade the Cambodia in right with
the International. Because Pol Pot knows very well that, it does not
have any weight with Vietnam. According to François Ponchaud, author
of " Year zero ", the pillage of Cambodia starts as soon as when
arrived of the Khmer Rouge = Vietnamese in Phnom-Pehn, but this author
speaks about this as the cleaning of the symbol of the occident. But
if that is right, Is Khmer Rouge has to empty automatic in
Vientam?????????
Cit one " You Kim Lanh, referred to above, testifies some: " I
remained one month in Phnom Penh to work for the Khmer Rouges. I was
to excavate all the houses and to collect remained the rice there, to
store the drugs coming from various pharmacies. We charged all that in
boats whose crew was Vietnamese. Time with other, a fire burst
downtown, but we did not do anything to extinguish it. Sometimes, the
Khmer Rouges made us demolish the houses out of wooden, then to put
the beams and the boards in heap."
Yeri Savannary, professor, taken refuge in Thailand about 15.10.1975,
confirm the preceding account indirectly: " From the end April, of the
trucks made ceaseless rotations on the road "National 1" driving to
Saigon; they transported the television-radio, motor bikes, cycles of
all marks, bicycles, drugs packed up and weapons of all categories.
Close to Neak Luong, approximately two hundred vehicles waited to
cross the Mekong; there was in particular of Mercédès and the 404.
There were also three or four guns of 105 mm and three trucks of
drugs. The whole apparently left for Vietnam. "
Lao Bun Thai, mechanic, vingt-trois years, taken refuge in October
1975,have worked until May 15 in Phnom Penh, confermed : I saw, of my
own eyes, several trucks, filled to the brim with books, to pass in
front of the embassy of France and to gain north indeed. I also saw
burning on the lawn volumes of the library of the cathedral. The
library of the French School of the Far East, located at a few hundred
meters of the embassy underwent a fate similar on May 5 in morning. It
did not contain much any more of treasures, because essence had been
put in safety in France (political to remove and material and Khmer
inheritance cuturel, as done France at the beginning of colonization
in its politique of creating Indo-China state. The Vietnameses
continuenet quite simply work of France but in another dimension)
Emptied its population, stripped its goods, Phnom Penh, capital of
Cambodia since 1865, pearl of the South-East Asia, with the broad
shaded avenues, became a phantom city, turning over little by little
to the forest... De many lawns were covered with banana trees, so that
no inch of ground is lost
Several refugees crossed Phnom Penh last months (1975), they estimate
that the city hardly counts more than 20 000 inhabitants, including
only Khmer Rouges and their families. The workmen live in the
peripheral districts, close to their factories, but cannot enter
enville. The unmarried Khmer Rouges are grouped: the boys live on a
side of the street, the girls of the other. Various ministries for the
government révolutionnaireont a personnel reduced to the bare minimum;
the majority, do not even have offices.
The few diplomats of accredited socialist countries with Phnom Penh
find the life hard: they cannot leave their embassy. Three times per
day, a jeep bring their meal to them; they have any distraction, no
personnel with their service, wash themselves their linen, etc " Every
two weeks, Friday, a plane of the Chinese CCAC makes it possible to
the foreign diplomats to go to take a bowl of air and freedom in
Peking... Since September 1976, they can also use the new air line
connecting Phnom Penh to Hanoi. Only one newspaper in language khmère
of four pages, Padévath (Revolution), appears every fifteen during the
days and diffuse only the news conceiving the construction of the
country. And those which live in the East, the border Vietnamese,
often saw on stolen planes of Kampuchea towards Vietnam.
Between the 09.12.1978-23.12.1978, the American journalists, Mrs
Elizabeth BECKER, author of book " Tear of Kampuchea " and her two
other colleges, Richard DZIMAN and Malcolm CALD WELL, were invited to
Phnom-Penh. They were accompanied to visit Toul-Sleng, but as Mrs
Elizabeth BECKER saw the register of the prisoners, she was very
surprised to see the names of leaders of the Communist Party Kampuchea
who were also imprisoned, tortured, confessed wrongly and through,
then massacred. In May 1977, 400 Khmers Rouge tending Khmer were
captures and sent to Toul Sleng, they were been forced to confess as
the Vietnamese agents secretes. At 22.12.1977, the journalist, Malcolm
CALD WELL, was assassinated in his hotel with Phnom-Penh, because he
probably saw what one should not see, and which quicken besides the
departure of Elizabeth BECKER and Richard DZIMAN.
Pol Pot was not a pupil shining but he was a pleasant and correct
companion, nothing to see with the dictator, and genocide regime,
which he directed. He remains all his life in a species of darkness.
His behaviours whatever policies or relational remain thus
unintelligible and contradictory. For much, Pol Pot is of a
radicalist, nationalist and xenophobe, especially with Vietnamese. But
in reality, Pol Pot served only the policy absorption of Vietnam on
Cambodia and this until his last breath. Remember about his sudden
appearance can of time before its death, without anybody seeks it,
however it was a subject of research during many years without wine.
All that seems of cause, to much close with the put in scene, well
calculated and faked.
Why he serves Hanoi? Was he been undergone the manipulation from
Hanoi? Which are the promises that he obtained and concluded with
Hanoi, between years 63-75... where he was so close with China and
Hanoi? According to David P. Chandler, Hanoi seemed to grant the
cordial confidence to Pol Pot. This secrecy remains total until now,
however these mysteries could be to clear up if Pol Pot would have
been jaded and questioned by the International Court. We supposed that
Pol Pot has probably concluded an accord with Vietnam to change the
Cambodia into the common stat the " Indochina". Besides, it was a lie
and poisonous promise as suffered the leaders of the South Vietnam and
others.
But all is doubtful, including the behaviour of the world of Human
right. But which tries us to protect? Which is application of UNO in
this crime by neglecting all? And after that, what one can still
defend the value and the human right? If it is really the question,
the International world has any more right to judge anybody, neither
Hitler, nor Auschwitz and even less Milosevic. Why so much of
hypocrisies? Why so much of injustices? It would be said that these
people, known as correct and defendant of the human right, rather do
not defence that of the interests and not the opposite! They are
really ashamed!
Logically, Pol Pot has no much interest to serve Hanoi, neither on the
religious level, nor on the ethnic level and even less on the
relational level, because Vietnam and Cambodia was always " enemy
hereditary " number one. And much of Cambodian knows the character
crafty, dishonest underhand of the Vietnamese people. Because all the
Vietnamese who came to Cambodia are only bad individuals, of which
criminals, robbers of the tricks and I pass... The Cambodian and
certain historians know why Vietnam government send enormously the bad
individuals to Cambodia. This was always the strategy politics of the
Vietnam to facilitate the absorption of Cambodia. It means that they
want to cause the disorder in the Cambodian society to find the
occasion to invade the Cambodia. During the regime of the Lon Nol,
each time that one stops a delinquent or a saboteur, they were the
Vietnamese. And the Khmers reject categorically this caricatured
tricks and underground of Vietnamese. The Cambodians always thinks
that Vietnamese people is a strange race graft in its blood and their
flesh the cunning, the craftiness, the dishonestly, the treason,
besides they never proved the opposite. Then why Pol Pot respected and
received order from Vietnam.
In the crisis of the Cambodia the French has a main responsibility.
The consequent is heavy. The French policy is incontestably
destructive suicidal for Cambodia and Laos peoples. The shock of
socioculturel was catastrophic for these people, which have behaviours
and idealism too much different, and the weakest and the honest ones
have paid the full price. But the responsible French pretended to see
nothing and did not do anything for stopper this social haemorrhage;
on the contrary they inserted the vintage more and more while placing
the Chinese and Vietnamese immigrants in the tops of the Cambodian
society. In the eyes of the colonizers, there is nothing else could
count on than to makes and robe the money from these poor peoples. The
successive crises in Cambodian result from the perverts consequent of
the French policy, which continue, prolongs until now without any exit
And what makes the French? Nothing, more they blame the Cambodians
being responsible of their fate. It is immoral and inadmissible! Of
which right can one rot the life of others at this point?
Khmers are generally the honest, simple people and little materialism.
They are communautirism people, so they are not at all individualism
and they like to live from day to day, without too concern of the
following day. That is the opposite of the Chinese, the Vietnamese and
Europeans. So, when the Chinese and Vietnamese immigrant came in mass
in Cambodia because of the French colonial policy, the Khmers were
lost before. France entrusted the commercial field to the Chinese and
the administrative domain to the tricks Vietnamese. And the revolted
and honest Khmers are stripped of all the rights. They are mistaken
and regarded as inferiors and are stupid.
Apart from all the mistakes and critics which the world caricatured to
the Khmers, remember that the Khmers had already built a powerful and
a spiritual society with their way. A dignified and human society, so
closed to perfection which no nation else in this world can does as
much. But since the foreigners came to invade Cambodia and to want
transformed, the Cambodia became unceasingly a hell. Remember that,
the Khmer country is not your playground and the Khmer people have the
right to live like you. It is not because they are different from you
and from the Vietnamese whom you want to remove them.
The conflict of shock socioculturel in Cambodia is not registered as
fatalist, but it is necessary to find the cause exact of this disease
to be able to treat it correctly and effectively. If not, the massacre
will continue without end until one or other will disappear. The
tricks, the ambitious ones can however live with those, which are
correct, but it is necessary to find a system political and social
suitable and effective to protect and to make the justices to those
who are the most fragile and weaker to avoid the inevitable one. Since
the implementation of the French policy of design of Indo-China, the
indigenous Khmers are stripped of all, they impoverished and
exposition to any kind of bad intention of the incorrect people such
as the Vietnamese and the others.
They were born, they are all human beings. They have also the right to
live as you and me! Returns Justice to those which one owes and not
opposite! The problems which are invisible with the eyes, it is
necessary sees it with the heart and the observation. Since centuries
and centuries, the wise have established the order of spiritual and
moral to overcome the human society, it is not wise to boulevard and
scorn this low if we don't want to leave to next generation an
anarchistic and immoral world where demure all the terrify horrors of
the world!
French Version
Profil et Mobile de Pol Pot
Est-ce que les Khmers Rouges = Les Vietnamiens?
Pol-Pot est une abréviation du mot anglais °Politic Potential°, tel
est le surnom politique de ex_Saloth Sar que lui ont attribué le Hanoi
et la Chine. Il était un personnage sélectionné par le Hanoi et la
Chine pour remplacer Tou Sammuth qui venaient de disparaître, en 1962,
dans une condition mystérieuse, après une conférence douteuse entre la
Chine, le Vietnam et le Cambodge. Au point de vue de l'origine,
Pol-Pot n°est rien de vietnamienne, mais au point de vue de politique
et de profil, Pol-Pot servait incontestablement l'intérêt des
Vietnamiens.
Né à Prek Sbauv (Kompong Thom) en 19 mai 1928, il est issu d'une
famille paysanne aisée. Il était le huitième enfant d°une famille
sino_khmère (métis chinoise). Sa famille est entrée dans la chronique
famille royale dès 1925, quand sa tante ( ?Cousine) Khun-Meak, une
danseuse de ballet royal devenait une concubine de roi Monivong. De
cette alliance naîtra la princesse Khun Yeapqui deviendra la dernière
concubine de roi Suramarith et mère du prince Sirivutdh. Plus tard, le
frère aîné ( ?Oncle) de Saloth Sar, nommait Saloth Suong devenait à
son tour un important employé dans le palais royal, il épousa en 1940
une danseuse du palais nomma Chea Samy, et travaillerait jusqu°à 1975.
Puis, peu de temps après, c°était Saroeun, une sœur de Sar, une
danseuse elle aussi, est devenue une concubine du roi Monivong.
Entre 1934-35, ses parents lui a envoyé vivre à Phnom Penh avec son
frère et sa belle-sœur, Saloth Suong et Chea Samy.
Durant son adolescent, Saloth Sar travaillait souvent à la ferme et
avait fait suivit d°enseignement bouddhique pour devenu moine. Durant
la seconde guerre mondiale en 1946, Po-Pot a rejoint le mouvement
Anti-français de Hô Chi Minh.
Passioné de politique, tôt en 1949, il est devenu un membre souterrain
du Parti Communiste Indochine, mais à ce moment (1949) il a acquis une
bourse pour faire les études en radio-électronique à Paris, aussitôt
il joignit la parti communisme français. A son retour en 1953 il est
rentré dans le Parti Révolutionnaire du Kampuchéa et enseignait dans
deux écoles privées à Phnom Penh "Chamroeun Vichea" et °Kampuchaboth°.
Il a écrit de nombreux articles pour le journal de gauche.
En 1954, quand les Français sont partis de l°Indochine, le roi
Sihanouk a été désigné roi par la France, mais Saloth Sar est opposée.
Il a fondé 1960 les congrès du parti communiste du Kampuchéa. En 1963
il était élu secrétaire de comité centrale du parti communiste
Kampuchéa. Crainte de représailles du roi Sihanouk, les membres du
parti communiste du Kampuchéa se sont trouvés refuge dans les forêts
là où ils ont rencontré les partis de guérilla Khmère Rouge. Dans des
années 60, les USA ont renforcé ses campagnes militaires pour détruire
le parti communiste vietnamien de Hô Chi Hinh, mais dès décennie 70 la
guerre s'est ravagée jusqu'au territoire cambodgien où les USA
soupçonnaient avoir été cachés les forces communistes vietnamiennes et
qui était le cas d'ailleurs. La guerre civile et le bombardement ont
duré presque un an et qui a fait de nombreuses victimes permis des
civils.
17 avril 1975, Phnom Penh venait de tombé dans la main de Khmer Rouge.
L°accueil était pourtant chaleureux aux libérateurs bizarres. Beaucoup
de Cambodgiens sont sortis dans la rue pour acclamer les vainqueurs.
Les drapeaux blancs flottaient partout. Mais ces libérateurs étranges
sont devenus soudaines fermes cruelles et incompréhensibles. Les
bruits de micros menaçant, demandait l°évacuation immédiate des
habitants du Phnom Penh de leurs maisons, ceux qui sont opposés sont
aussitôt abattus sur place, c°est alors commence l°enfer du peuple
cambodgien. En trois 3 ans 8 mois et 20 jours, presque la moitié de la
population khmère a péri, soit de massacre, soit de famine programmée,
soit maladie, ou de l°atroce torture et j°en passe.
7 janvier 1979 quand le Vietnam envahit la sole khmère, il ne reste
plus que quelques 4 millions habitants. La plupart des rues et des
villages sont quasiment désertes et on était heureux de rencontrer les
habitants.
En début de l°année 79, le première bilan du Génocide est estimé à
plus de trois millions des Cambodgiens tués entre 75-79,et on a appris
au enfents à l°école, mais aussitôt ces chiffres ont été menti et
démenti sans cesse. La raison était trop évidente. Le taux
démographique/natalité s'élèva incroyablement vite et douteux.
Afin de justifier cet accroissement louche et douteux, le gouvernement
fantoche de Heng Samren/Hun Sen doit réduire le nombre de morts durant
le regime de Pol Pot. Et on se demande pourquoi ? Pourquoi de telle
invention ?
Pour comprendre, il faut tout simplement se rendre dans les quartiers
au long du fleuve Tonlé Basak tel que Chba Am-Poe, Kbal Thnal etc dans
tous les autres capitales populaires khmères pour apercevoir la masse
d'immigré vietnamiens venant librement s'installer depuis l'invasion
vietnamienne.
Et ce qui est encore plus scandaleux, c'est que beaucoup d'entre eux
ne sont pas de simple civile mais se sont de vrais martyrs de Hanoi
(les experts vietnamiens comme on dit). Ces gens sont très discrets,
souterrains et mutés qui contrôlent et surveillent tous les activités
des Cambodgiens spécialement ceux qui ont des fonction important dans
la société cambodgienne, de professeur à docteur jusqu°à homme
politique . . Le moins faux pars, d°activité ou verbale, on se fait
tout de suite convoquer, questionner et souvent supprimer ou
emprisonner dans T21. Et bien sûre, depuis l'existence de l'élection
au Cambodge, nombreux sont les Vietnamiens qui sont venus pour
soutenir le gouvernement en place. Certains sont rentrés dans le cœur
même du système politique khmère.
Tout était préparé, tout était mis en place pour piégé le peuple
cambodgien, les moindres détails ont été minutieusement étudiés
organisés, programmés et calculé. Y compris la mise en scène de
l°hostilité de Pol-Pot à égard du gouvernement Hanoi.
En avril 1975 et en avril 1977, Pol-Pot avait chassé (dit-on) les
quelques 200 000 vietnamiens, mais quel est le vrai but the cette mise
en scène/politique? En regardant de l°extérieur, on peut constater que
le guru Pol Po menait une politique hostile contre le Vietnam mais son
vrai but est certainement ailleurs. Est ce que Pol Pot le faisait
volontairement, sous pression ou par tromperies? Peu importe, le vrai
but de cette politique est de tromper l'opinion International pour
servir la politique d'invasion de Hanoi plus tard.
En réalité, Pol-Pot les avait tout simplement regroupés et emmené tous
en tout sécurité au Vietnam. La mis en scène était pourtant parfait.
Pol-Pot mène une politique hostile à son vieux maître et avait même
tué quelque un entre d'eux. Etonnante façon remercie son maître qu'il
n'a jamais cessé de soumis, admiré et entretenu des relations plus que
douteuses.
On se demande, si Pol-Pot est vraiment hostile avec le Vietnam
pourquoi n'a-t-il pas massacré tous ces Vietnamiens comme le faisait
Général Lon Nol car il a eu tous les pouvoirs dans sa main, pourquoi?
Mais non au contraire, tant que le peuple khmer ont été massacrés
comme des lapins dans des atroces conditions, les vietnamiens ennemis
de Pol-Pot sont mis en abris/l°écart et bien traité au long de leur
travers au Vietnam. Ces gens là sont aussitôt retournés au Cambodge
dès 1979. Et quand les Cambodgiens demandaient au gouvernement
pourquoi il y a trop des Vietnamiens sont venus installer librement au
Cambodge, Hun Sen répondit, eux, se sont les Vietnamiens évacués dans
année 1975 et 1979 et ils sont de retour au Cambodge. Etonnant !
Etonnant Hun sen et Pol_Pot !
Mais, ce qu°il est encore plus frappant, c°est que pendant le régime
de Khmer rouge, Pol-Pot a ordonné de regrouper/ramasser toute la
richesse du Cambodge et stockée en catégories dans des grand stockage,
et dès des Vietnamiens sont arrivés en 1979 à Phnom Penh, ils savaient
exactement où se trouve des munitions et ils n°ont qu°à les ramasser à
la pelle et les transporté au Vietnam par bateaux, par avion, par
camions (surtout sur la national I). Un bien étrange pillage massif
qui était interrompu quelque peu avant, ça semble vraiment à un
cambriolage de masse, qui va de simple matériel de récupération
jusqu'au patrimoine culturel khmer, tel que les bas-reliefs ou statuts
anciens. Et ce pillage ne s°arrête pas là, les aides humanitaires qui
étaient destiné alors au Cambodgiens mourrant de faim, étaient aussi
saccager par ces arrogant criminels, et les malheureux Cambodgiens
n'ont pratiquement rien reçu. Le plus part de bateaux de munitions
sont partis directement au Vietnam après ses enregistrement au pot de
Kompong Som.
Un autre fait troublant et si évident, en 1976-1977 quand Pol-Pot fait
sembler mener une compagne contre le Vietnam, c'est juste pour que son
dieu Vietnam puisse entrer au Cambodge en droit, autrement cette
agression sera considérait comme une violation territoriale du
Cambodge qui nécessite l°intervention International, d°ailleurs cela
c°est passé durant sa visite à la Chine et probablement avec les
Vietnamiens. Pol-Pot le savait très bien il n'a aucun poids face au
Vietnam, alors pourquoi cette folie ? Selon François Ponchaud, auteur
de "Année zéro", le pillage du Cambodge commence depuis bien arrivée
du Khmer rouge (Vietnamiens) à Phnom-Pehn, mais ce auteur parle cela
comme un nettoyage des apports d'occident pratiquant par le
gouvernement de Angka. Mais si Khmer Rouge a besoin de le faire, est
ce qu'il doit automatique vider au Vietnam ???:\
Cite-on : "You Kim Lanh, cité plus haut, en témoigne : Je suis resté
un mois à Phnom Penh, au travail avec les Khmers Rouges. Je devais
fouiller toutes les maisons et ramasser le riz qui y restait, stocker
les médicaments provenant des diverses pharmacies. Nous chargions tout
cela dans des barques dont l'équipage était vietnamien. De temps à
autre, un incendie éclatait en ville, mais nous ne faisions rien pour
l'éteindre. Quelquefois, les Khmers Rouges nous faisaient démolir les
maisons en bois, puis mettre les poutres et les planches en tas.
Yeri Savannary, professeur, réfugié en Thaïlande vers le 15.10.1975,
confirme indirectement le récit précédent : "A partir de la fin avril,
descamions faisaient des rotations incessantes sur la nationale 1
menant à Saigon ; ils transportaient des postes-radio, des motos, des
cycles de toutes marques, des bicyclettes, des médicaments empaquetés
et des armes de toutes catégories. Près de Neak Luong, environ deux
cents véhicules attendaient pour franchir le Mékong ; il y avait
notamment des Mercédès et des 404. Il y avait aussi trois ou quatre
canons de 105 mm et trois camions de médicaments. Le tout,
semble-t-il, partait pour le Vietnam.
Lao Bun Thai, mécanicien, vingt-trois ans, réfugié en octobre 1975,
affirme avoir travaillé jusque vers le 15 mai conferme: J'ai vu, de
mes propres yeux, plusieurs camions, remplis à ras bord de livres,
passer devant l'ambassade de France et gagner effectivement le nord.
J'ai vu également brûler sur la pelouse les volumes de la bibliothèque
de la cathédrale. La bibliothèque de l'Ecole française
d'Extrême-orient, située à quelques centaines de mètres de l'ambassade
a subi un sort semblable le 5 mai au matin... Elle ne renfermait plus
beaucoup de trésors, car l'essentiel avait été mis en sécurité en
France (*politique de supprimer et matériel et patrimoine cuturel
khmer, comme fait la France au début de la colonisation dans le but de
créer état indochine. Les Vietnamiens continuenet tout simplement
l'œuvre de la France mais dans une autre dimension)
Vidée de sa population, dépouillée de ses biens, Phnom Penh, capitale
du Cambodge depuis 1865, perle du Sud-Est asiatique, aux larges
avenues ombragées, est devenue une ville fantôme, retournant peu à peu
à la forêt... De nombreuses pelouses se sont couvertes de bananiers,
afin qu'aucun pouce de terrain ne soit perdu.
Plusieurs réfugiés ont traversé Phnom Penh les mois derniers (1975),
ils estiment que la ville ne compte guère plus de 20 000 habitants,
comprenant uniquement des Khmers Rouges et leurs familles. Les
ouvriers vivent dans les quartiers périphériques, près de leurs
usines, mais ne peuvent entrer enville. Les Khmers Rouges célibataires
sont groupés : les garçons vivent d'un côté de la rue, les filles de
l'autre. Les différents ministères du gouvernement révolutionnaireont
un personnel réduit au strict minimum ; la plupart, ne possèdent même
pas de bureaux.
Les quelques diplomates de pays socialistes accrédités à Phnom Penh
trouvent la vie dure : ils ne peuvent sortir de leur ambassade. Trois
fois par jour, une jeep leur apporte leur repas ; ils n'ont aucune
distraction, aucun personnel à leur service, lavent eux-mêmes leur
linge, etc. " Toutes les deux semaines, le vendredi, un avion de la
CCAC chinoise permet aux diplomates étrangers d'aller prendre un bol
d'air et de liberté à Pékin... Depuis septembre 1976, ils peuvent
aussi emprunter la nouvelle ligne aérienne reliant Phnom Penh à Hanoi.
Un seul journal en langue khmère de quatre pages, Padévath
(Révolution), paraît tous les quinze jours et diffuse uniquement les
nouvelles concevant la construction du pays. Ceux qui habitent à
l'Est, à côté de la frontière vietnamienne, ont souvent vu sur volés
avions de Cambodge vers le Vietnam."
Entre le 09.12.1978-23.12.1978, les journalistes américains, Madame
Elizabeth BECKER, auteur de livre " Larme du Cambodge " et ses deux
autres collèges, Richard DZIMAN et Malcolm CALD WELL, ont été invités
à Phnom Penh. On les a accompagnés à Toul-Slèng, mais quant elle a vu
dans les registres des prisonniers, elle était très surprise de voir
les noms de dirigeants du Parti Communiste Kampuchéa sont aussi
emprisonnés, torturés, confessés à tort et à travers puis massacrés.
En mai 1977, 400 Khmers Rouge tendant khmers ont été capturés et
envoyé à Toul Sleng, ils ont été confessés comme les agents secrets
vietnamiens. Le 22.12.1977, le journaliste, Malcolm CALD WELL, a été
assassiné dans son hôtel à Phnom Penh, parce qu'il a probablement vu
ce qu'il ne faut pas voir, et qui précipité d'ailleurs le départ de
Elizabeth BECKER et Richard DZIMAN.
Pol-Pot n°était pas un élève brillant mais il était un compagnon
agréable, correct et rien à voir avec le régime dictateur et génocide
qu'il dirigeait. Il demeure toute sa vie dans une espèce d'obscurité.
Ses comportements quels que soient politiques ou relationnelles
demeurent ainsi inintelligibles et contradictoire. Pour beaucoup,
Pol-Pot est d'un radicalisme, nationaliste et xénophobe, sur tout pour
les Vietnamiens. Mais ne réalité il ne serve que la politique
absorption de Vietnam sur le Cambodge et ce jusqu'au jour de sa mort.
Souvenez-vous, de son apparition soudain peut de temps avant sa mort,
sans personne le cherche, pourtant il était un sujet de recherche
pendant de nombreuses années sans vin. Tout ça semble de trop près à
une mis en scène bien calculée et truquée."
Pourquoi sert-il le Hanoi ? Est-ce qu'il a été subi une manipulation
de la part de Hanoi ou est ce qu'il a été déjà supprimer bien avant?
Et le gouvernement de 70-75 serait-t-il simplement vietnamien, ou
control par les Angka mystérieux vietnamiens? Ou si non, Quelles sont
les promis qu'e Pol Pot obtint et conclu avec Hanoi pour faire ce sale
travail....
Selon David P Chandler, Hanoi semblait accorder de chaleureuse
confiance à Pol-Pot. Ces secrets restent à ce jour obscurs sur ses
relations avec les dirigeants vietnamiens, pourtant tous ces mystères
pourraient être éclaircir si Pol-Pot aurait été jugé et questionné par
le Tribunal International.
Mais tout est douteux, y compris le comportement du monde
International de Droit de l'Homme. Mais qui essaie t-on de protéger ?
Quelle est application de l'ONU dans ce crime en négligeant tout ?
Quelle sont les nations qui s'accordent pour éliminer le peuple Khmer?
Et après de quel atroce et négligence, est ce qu'ONU a encore de
culots de crier follement sa humanité ? Et prétend comme défenseurs de
la valeur humaine et le droit de l'homme? Si c'est vraiment là est la
question, l°International n'a plus de droit de juger qui se soit, ni
Hitler, ni Auschwitz et encore moins Milosevic ou Sadam Husein.
Pourquoi tant d'hypocrisies ? Pourquoi tant d'injustices ? On dirait
que ces gens, dit correct et défendeur du droit de l'homme, ne
défenses plutôt ces poches et ses intérêts et non la Justice ou la vie
humaine! C'est vraiment honteux !
Mtes Tum
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79?> (cache.net2000.com.au)
Date: Tuesday, 3 September 2002, at 1:21 a.m.
WHO WAS ANGKAR LEU?
CAMBODIA HAS BEEN COMPLETELY CHANGED FOREVER.
When we in name of the Cambodian victims ask above-this question? When
the Phnom Penh City fell into the grips of the "Mysterious Groups of
disguised Khmer Rouge" in 1975, there were many secret Bo Dois who
could speak Khmer very fluently, going all over the country to collect
the all Vietnamese nationals to be sent back to South Vietnam
effectively. During the war against the American imperialists from
1970 to 1975, the Khmer Rouge were known as "Men in Black". After the
"Mysterious Group of Bo Dois" had collected all Vietnamese nationals
who were sent home to South Vietnam.(Vietnamese boat peoples were sent
home/to South Vietnam happily like the ones during UNTAC sponsored
"Free and Fair Election" of 1993). And from 1976 on, the "Young
Mysterious Group of Disguised Khmer Rouge" had started to clean up all
Kampuchea Krom people who spoke broken both Khmer and Yuon were
accused of being Vietnamese spies/ secret agents. Why did Angkar
Leu/Cap Tren order the "Young Mysterious Group of Disguised Khmer
Rouge" to murder Kampuchea Krom people who were accused of being
Vietnamese spies/secret agents? Why didn't Angkar Leu/Cap Tren order
"The Young Mysterious Group of Disguised Khmer Rouge" to kill all
Vietnamese nationals living in Cambodia when they first came to Phnom
Penh in 1975? Hanoi leaders thought that they are so cunning to have
hidden their dirty-secret-pogrom plans against the Cambodian Victims.
Hanoi leaders really wanted to eliminate both Kampuchea Kandal and
Kampuchea Krom people so that it would make them easy to take control
of Cambodia for their hungry Vietnamese who need more land, endlessly!
Because Hanoi Leaders could not kill all Cambodians for more than 3
years from 1975 to 1979. Today, Mr Gen. Nhiek Bun Chhay and all
Cambodian Victims who already have pointed their fingers to the Hanoi
Leaders for killing their Khmer compatriots in Cambodia.
"To murder the Khmers for needy-hungry Vietnamese people who need more
land". Short-sighted Cambodian peasants, mountaineers and former
bandits, who secretly instigated by Hanoi's Angkar Leu/ Cap Tren, to
kill the educated Cambodians and rich men at their will during the
Angkar Leu Genocidal Regime from 1975 to 1979. I just want to remind
all the leaders of Khmer political parties what the emperor and the
king of our neighbors said: "Emperor Gia Long of Vietnam said:
"Cambodia is a small country and we should maintain it as a child."
Most of the world leaders did or don't know much about Hanoi Leaders'
dirty-secret plans and poison words that were hidden in the face of
the world and public.
French Colonialism/Colonialists, Japanese and American imperialists,
all of whom are so powerful nations on earth, always oppressed and
bombed a small country like in Cambodia, but were brainless people in
the jungle war against the Vietminh and Vietcong.
Nearly all of them claim to be Cambodian experts. Who was behind the
Angkar Leu? Why did Ho Chi Minh want to incorporate Cambodia, Laos and
Kampuchea Krom into Indo-Chinese federation under Hanoi's thirty and
hungry expansionism and hegemonism in South East Asia?" and the
Cambodian problem still remains unresolved. Yiey Tien, one of
survivors of Khmer Vietminh, who had escaped from Vietminh's worst
brutality on this planet to have lived in Battambang province,
provided us as extremely clear evidences as crystal about Hanoi who
were in the Angkar Leu's mask, was born in Kampuchea Krom, capital of
Prey Nokor (now known as "Ho Chi Minh City").
Second ones, "Our Khmer Brothers and Sisters ought to be careful…" the
Third ones, "Criminal Stratagems of Hanoi that all Khmer should know".
The last ones called "Hanoi formed a Faked Khmer People's National
Liberation Front" to let all classes of Cambodians being aware of
Hanoi's well planed. Yiey Tien's history:
Yiey in Khmer is Grandmother, is too old now, whose real Vietnamese
names are Kim Thi Huy. In 1946, she was a teacher who taught Kampuchea
Krom students in Cambodian+French languages in a Primary School in the
village of Nga Ba, Travinh province during the French Cochinchina
Colonialism;
From January-March, 1947-48, Yiey Tien, who had been forced to serve
Vietminh as both secret agents/spy and a teacher, had taught the
Kampuchea Krom Students in Wat Prateaksen Nikroot under Vietminh
regime;
From 24/4/79-16/6/80, she had lived under Yuon-Vietcong aggression of
Cambodia.
1. Who was the Angkar Leu?
2. Why did Angkar order their mysterious groups to kill many Khmer
innocence "gentles"? More precisely, "Who is our hereditary enemy of
Khmer Nation? Our enemies, who were in disguise, had been waiting for
so long for a "good time" to come was to eliminate all Khmer political
parties step by step, until there was nearly nothing left over in
Cambodia, even the Khmer race are on the verge of extinction.
Especially, even the Khmer Rouge soldiers were secretly eliminated.
After about two million Khmer people were mercilessly killed; those
who have survived through the Killing Fields of Angkar Leu, are nearly
"mad, absent-minded, motionless and frightful men." Cambodia has
automatically opened the doors for her enemies. Our Number-One Enemies
have followed their rules: "Losing the war in Cambodia, is to be the
king (of Khmer); winning the war in Cambodia will be a tycoon. Today
Cambodia is no more than a shambles. War and Hope).
Look, our enemy-Hanoi have been taking a good opportunity to learn
Khmer language since 1979, who are being naturalized as Khmer
citizenship; and those who have also used the Khmer names instead of
their Vietnamese names. Our enemies have made up the New Khmer Nation,
to convert continuously the Khmer nation into their "Vietnamization.
More than 2,000,000 Cambodian people were brutally butchered, whose
properties, and the State's assets, which in Cambodia were taken away
secretly by Angkar Le/Cap Tren to Vietnam by boats/ships and
trucks/GMG.
Our archenemy's activities, who had a secretly well planned to
exterminate all Khmer race step by step; group by group; political
party by political party; village by village; and province by province
in sequence…etc., according to the exact time. Our archenemy said
sweetly that they have already helped Cambodian people three times.
Before I will reveal the criminal and ferocious political stratagem of
Hanoi's, which the all Khmer Victims have already received three
times. Those provinces in the Khmer names, which were changed into the
Vietnamese names once and for all…they exercised brutally all their
powers and means to annihilate Kampuchea Krom race. If any Khmer Krom
people weren't be able to work, the Yuon ordered to bury the Khmer
Victims alive; but to keep a three-head Khmer Victims above the ground
like a triangle-stove for making tea for On (Vietnamese high
officers). Etc. By 1858, Kampuchea Krom and Vietnam had become the
French Colonialism/Colonialists then. Therefore, the French
Colonialism/Colonialists were a "Magic Brake", which could prevent
Vietnamese brutalities and tortures of Kampuchea Krom.
In 1877, there was a Yuon man, whose ambition was to exterminate
Kampuchea Krom race again, by forcing Kampuchea Krom people to speak
Vietnamese, and must wear "clothes", even Khmer Krom Buddhist monks
must wear yellow robes like Yuon/Vietnamese monks-all the same…Etc.
during that terror period, there was a Kampuchea Krom hero, who had
sacrificed his life to refuse the Vietnamese announcement, who was
called "Son Koy", to keep Kampuchea Krom's culture roots and
traditional lifestyles as the original of Kampuchea Krom ancestors
did.
After 50 years, there was a man, who was named "Nguyen Ai Coc",
(pseudonym Ho Chi Minh), had a strong political ambition of annexing
Kampuchea Krom and Khmer Kandal again, founded "Indochinese Communist
Party", on 3 February 1930. In September 1945, Vietminh had an
"political pretension", to come help Cambodia struggle anti-French
Colonialism/Colonialists.
In 1951, Ho Chi Minh held an "Conference of Indochinese Communist
Party". The meeting was held from 11-19/2/51, the Vietnamese dissolved
the Indochinese Communist Party into three components: Vietnamese
named Lao Dong party/Vietnamese Workers' Party; Khmer and Laotian
parties were not founded yet-it's still secret, even though three
parties were founded, each leader of the party was led by Hanoi
cadres/ leaders secretly. That was a tactful political stratagem of
Yuon-Hanoi.
Vietminh went right ahead: they stirred up all the unrest in Cambodia,
who incited Cambodian people to misunderstand and stop supporting of
Cambodian Government. The Vietminh instigated Cambodian rebels to kill
one another (Khmers killed Khmers). Vietminh's instigation were
becoming a real menace to Cambodia. Meanwhile, the mountaineers got
organized and applied to the Vietnamese revolutionaries who were
hiding in the Cambodian jungles for arms and ammunition. To achieve
these plans of forming Khmer Party as soon as possible.
Ho Chi Minh had sent a man whose named "Nguyen Van Mien", was a
masquerade as Son Ngoc Minh, who was supposed to be brother of Son
Ngoc Thanh. In fact, Son Ngoc Minh wasn't an elderly brother of Son
Ngoc Thanh at all. That was only the political stratagem of Hanoi.
Hanoi wanted to conceal her dirty-secret plans of exterminating all
Khmer classes and incorporating Cambodia into an Indo-Chinese
federation was dominated by Hanoi so that the world could not condemn
her pogrom of Khmer as she did from 1975 to 1979.
"Hanoi's criminal-stratagem Khmer-children should know!" Yiey Tien
continued: In 1947, to show the Friendship between Khmer-Lao-Yuon, not
a false phrase (Yiey Tien might want to say that this phrase wasn't
made up by herself. Because Yuon-Vietminh knew Kampuchea Krom people
who loved and respected Son Ngoc Thanh very much. Son Ngoc Minh was in
fact trying to concentrate on Cambodian Buddhist Religion, and to
learn Khmer tradition and behaviour, which he wanted to act as a real
Khmer national.
Vietminh had appointed Son Ngoc Minh as Phu Chu Tiep Ban Chap Hanh Cuu
Quoc (the leader of Kampuchea Krom) to show off his face clearly that
Kampuchea Krom had the same right with Vietminh who were in charge of
liberating Kampuchea Krom from French. Son Ngoc Sour was in the
secret-service office. Vietminh always told an artist to draw a
Vietnamese girl and another one to put an arm around Miss. Tien's
shoulder with motto: Viet Mien Than Thien "Friendship between Khmer
and Yuon." By October 1947, Vietminh had formed a "Secret Ad Hoc
Committee" to recruit both Khmer and Vietnamese boys-girls under 18
years old had to be sent to study in Peking. At first time, there were
29 people-21 boys and two Vietnamese girls whose name were Le Thi Soi,
Nguyen Huong, 5 Kampuchea Krom boys and one girl was Miss Tien.
"Met/comrades Indo-Chinese People are Yuon-Khmer and Lao. Common
enemies of the Indo-Chinese People were Japanese and French. By
expandig the Indochinese Communist Party stronger in the eyes of the
public, Bac Ho had an formulated future plan that he had to sent five
thousand Khmer boys, and five thousand Khmer girls; five thousand
Laotian boys, and five thousand Laotian girls; ten thousand Vietnamese
boys and ten thousand Vietnamese girls to study in Peking-no
limitation of study was confirmed. Bac Ho acknowledged perfectly those
who would be the future-leaders of the Indochinese Communist Party,
which indefinitely had Bac Ho as an chairman. Cambodian and Laotian
boys and girls all must get married with Vietnamese boys and girls
flatly."
Because the Vietnamese husbands and wives, who have a baby has to go
to school learning only Vietnamese, and whose teachers are purely
Vietnamese. That's why half-blood Khmer and Vietnamese of the next
generation will become automatically Vietnamese. Therefore, Kampuchea
Krom parents would not let their children get married with Vietnamese.
When Yiey Tien had finished her lower-level-political studies,
Vietminh organised a School Festival "Le-Be-Mac", having an order to
address the "Friendship Ties" in Vietnamese and Cambodian was Miss
Tien. All Vietnamese leaders have exercised all their political sways
to uproot Cambodian culture root and traditional religion-especially
Buddhist monks. Many Cambodian Victims like Kampuchea Krom people
living in overseas realized that the Vietnamese leaders of the
twentieth century retained the same base desire to annex Cambodia, as
had their forbears. Hanoi has perfectly sealed off her secret-pogrom
plans so far so good in the eyes of the world.
Ba is grandmother in Vietnamese, whereas Tien is also in Vietnamese
name is Yiey Tien.
At night, on 28 February 1948, Vietminh organized a great party for 29
candidates. Our Party always has high hopes. Lao-Khmer we had to
incorporate them into an Indochinese Communist Party-needed not to
waste a bullet or a soldier. We had to form New Khmer and Lao instead
of the old ones.
Ta Thien continued his comments in an ignored manner: "Cambodian
people Our Party acknowledged a baby-rabbit like which always fell
asleep like a log-not knowing the war. If the longer the war between
Cambodia and Vietnam continued the far better for us. Subsequently,
Our Party tried patiently to recruit Khmer boys and girls who were
sent to be trained in Peking as the future-cadre/leader of New
Cambodia…Etc.
I am optimist that Hanoi was indeed hell-bent over eventually
subjugating Cambodia. That was why during the war that in Cambodia
from 1970 to 1975, North Vietnam made our war because they wanted
Cambodians to kill Cambodians. Cambodian educated men and many
historians were broodingly certain Hanoi would eventually move to
conquer Cambodia, either using the Khmer Rouge as pawns or else
exterminating them all, as they did it from 1975 to 1979, and so far.
Hanoi's still covered up tactfully her secret-evil plans for expanding
control in both Laos and Khmer. Hanoi Leaders have behaved deplorably
who are the world's worst violators of human right. Ta Thien was
speaking as he was staring at Neang Tien and five other Khmer youths
that were the first candidates…with a great smile and cheer. Neang
Tien could not believe that Ta Thien said to have sent Bo Doi to
fulfil their mission in Cambodia. Comrade-Le Thi Sung asked Ta Thien
alarmingly, "Didn't Cambodian and Laotian people have a hand to resist
against Our Party?"
Ta Thien ignored, by scorning the Khmer and Laotian people, answering
that there would be nothing to be hard. But Our Party have to spend
more times, because Khmer and Laotian people who are zealous
Buddhists. Cambodian and Laotian had to get married with Vietnamese.
At about 24 p.m., Meung walked Neang Tien through Ba Trach temple and
then through a small plain-the east of Wat to Pnoo Ompoong village and
then she gave Neang Tien to Ta Chieh and Yiey keum, two of whom helped
Neang Tien continuing her trip to Om Bok Bey. Neang Tien had wandered
around after the sellers to the Kompong Khteoung Post. Neang Tien
replied "Yes, I do." Neang Tien was rushed to find convoi to get in.
Suddenly having heard speaking in Khmer: " I could not believe at all
that there was a Khmer girl as a leader of Vietminh!" Neang Tien
opened her eyes widely to look around to that voice, she saw a man,
about 34, was a strong built, tall, curly hair and long face, keen
eyes, a very sharp-pointed nose and sambao Khmer (=color).
Neang Tien then embraced that stranger and moaned "Brother Ba!" After
having heard Neang Tien called "Brother Ba", only then they knew it
was Ngan Thi Ba (Thi= girl so Ngan Thi Ba was a girl). Neang Tien held
Ngan Thi Ba's hand tightly, crying as asking, "Ba, what are you doing
today?"
In May 1948, Mr Pan Lao had appointed Neang Tien as a teacher again
teaching Kampuchea Krom students in French+Khmer at Ecole Primaire
Complementaire Franco Indochina Mixte Chef Lieu De Tra-vinh. After
finished the killings, Vietminh always threatened Tien's parents to
death that if Ta and Yiey could find abdication bring Tien back to
Chieu Khu in a short time, you would be pardoned. After receiving a
letter, Thach Ty Hung sent a telegram to Kieng In by telling that Ah
Tien whom just has escaped from the Vietminh.
Kieng In, one of the Kampuchea Krom sons, had no heart to get married
with Vietnamese girl at all, who didn't have any intention to abandon
Miss Tien as his Kampuchea Krom arranged fiancée! The reason in 1947,
Miss Tien was arrested by Vietminh, while Kieng In was working in Prey
Nokor. The French government needed a person who could speak three
languages-Khmer- Yuon and French to work in Surete federal at
Battambang. That day, Miss Tien was engaged to contribute the awards
to Cambodian students during the school's holiday. Miss Tien opened
her eyes widely by answering jokingly "That black man!" At 13, on July
18 1948, everybody had gathered in Thom Pao Seth's house to say
goodbye to Kieng In and Miss Tien, but Miss Tien had disappeared
unexpectedly. Miss Tien raised her hands joining together in the
highly elegant gesture of Khmer courtesy to say goodbye and thank to
everybody.
Kieng In walked Miss Tien to Khmer Wat Chantaraingsey to leave her
with nuns. Khmer PM who was on guard duty, checked on every convoy,
suddenly found Miss Tien who was called to get off the convoy. Some
people asked: "Why is that big Khmer brother so black-hearted?" At 20
the same day, Kieng In walked Miss Tien to Di Vinh Tri's house, while
having meal. By seeing Kieng In with Miss Tien behind. Tri thought
Kieng In was joking. One evening, Kieng In walked Tri to meet Miss
Tien. Kieng In walked into Miss Tien's room to tell her to prepare
dinner. For what reason caused you to bring Sister-Tien here?" Miss
Tien asked Tri: "Is it true?" When Neang Tien was safe in Cambodia,
she looked back to her parents in Kampuchea Krom. Her father was
brutally beheaded by Vietcong because he refused to hand Neang Tien
over to them. Vietcong beheaded her father in the eyes of public to
warn to Kampuchea Krom people not to follow Neang Tien's example.
Because Neang Tien knew too much about their dirty-secret genocidal
plans against Cambodians.
Simon Ross's "The Subjugation of Cambodia" [.15], written in 1983: By
now Son Ngoc Thanh and his free Cambodians had developed a very strong
groundswell of popular support in Cambodia. Father François Ponchaud
also emphasized: the origins of the Khmer Communist Party that is now
running Kampuchea date from the anti-colonialists struggle against the
French. It was joined by a newly formed Cambodian section composed
solely of Vietnamese and Chinese nationals living in Cambodia, who
could exert no profound influence upon the Khmer people. The first
Cambodian revolutionaries made their appearance in the Khmer minority
in Cochin China, during the first Indo-Chinese war. In 1965, South
Vietnamese had a good blessing from American intervention. In 1970,
20,000 Vietcong/NVAs flooded into all over Cambodian territory; those
who have had every good experiences of war, and know Cambodian
geography far better than the Cambodian people.
Lon Nol had only 27, 000 FANK troops in the country. Khieu Samphan and
Khmer communists were in a horrified emotion to sign of supporting
Sihanouk on March 26, 1970. Vietcong/NVAs further declared:
Both North and South Vietnamese are so extremely tricky, taking
advantage of this official blessing on an incursion into Khmer
territory to avenge and overavenge their compatriots who had been
massacred by Lon Nol's men the month before; their savagery drove a
large number of Cambodian peasants over to the Khmer communists who
were in the jungles with Vietcong/NVAs leaders. And, Nguyen van
Thieu's savage horde Cambodia came to invade, pillage, burn, ruin,
destroy Cambodia, and to rob, torture, rape and murder Cambodians.
That was the high price Nguyen Van Thieu's Government made Cambodia
pay in exchange for the military protection it provided the faltering
Khmer Republic.
After the agreements concluded with North Vietnam on January 27, 1973,
America undertook to restore peace in Cambodia by detaching the Khmer
Rouge from Sihanouk and launching the idea of a coalition government
to be formed after negotiation with all political parties.
The Cambodian survivors who were living along the Vietnamese-Cambodian
Border, many of whom had no shelter/quarter, were short of everything.
"Who were the Khmer Rouge, then?" Yiey Tien asked herself in an
alarming voice. Khmer children should know and must not forget about
Hanoi's Criminal-political stratagem! Yiey Tien, was also invited to
that party, who had a good opportunity to tell every one about Ho Chi
Minh's pre planned of expanding control in Cambodia that will be
incorporated into an Indochinese Communist Party. Yiey Tien exclaimed
in despairing voice. "Who was the Angkar Leu?" asked Yiey Tien. The
North Vietnamese combat divisions were withdrawn from Cambodia for the
offensive in South Vietnam in a sham. The VC pretended to go
home-Vietnam by saying goodbye to those poor, uneducated Khmer Rouge
Youtheas. Before they retreated from Cambodia combat, they had sent a
disguised group of real Vietnamese to lead those Khmer Rouge Youtheas
for them. Those disguised Khmers were purely 100% of Vietnamese men,
who used to living in Cambodia, learned very well about both Khmer
lecture and language in school in Phnom Penh, were forcibly
repatriated back to Vietnam from 1970 to 1971, were barbarian
vindicators willing to come back to Cambodia, take revenge against the
Cambodian students who staged anti-Vietnamese in 1970. Those
Vietnamese men had changed their Vietnamese names to Cambodian
ones…(Like Duk, whose real name was "Duc" in Vietnamese, was the Chief
of prison of Tuol Sleng.)
"Angkar Leu was born since then!" These words Yuon-Vietcong had used
for threatening and exterminating Kampuchea Krom people since 1945, in
Vietnamese language " Cap Tren," in English "An Anonymous Higher
Organisation," in Cambodian "Angkar Leu," which was revealed by
Hanoi's secret-political stratagem to help Khmers two times.
International political analysts, CIA officers and many other foreign
journalists had all false information about Vietnamese withdrawal of
Cambodia in 1973. VC/NVA did pull their troops out of the
international arena, to have hidden their faces in the jungles of
Cambodian territory, to lead the poor, uneducated Khmer Rouge soldiers
who had their bitter guts to avenge against their enemy (Khmers killed
Khmers). The Hanoi Leaders are so cunning to have concealed tactfully
their dirty-secret-pogrom plans of Khmer Race since then, as an old
saying: "The cat hides their claws waiting to catch a mouse". Hanoi
leaders did really use their secret words "Angkar Leu" to murder more
than 2 000 0000 Cambodian people; yet could not be condemned by the
world and UN.
The North Vietnamese were able to give satisfactory assurances on
Laos; Hanoi had always dominated the Pathet Lao. In Cambodia, however,
no such guarantees could be given, because of the growing tension
between the North Vietnamese and the Khmer Rouge. During 1972, when
almost all North Vietnamese combat divisions were withdrawn from
Cambodia for the offensive in South Vietnam, reports of fairly
constant fighting between the allies reached Phnom Penh and
Washington. Did the Khmer Rouge really act independently of Hanoi
after 1973? To compare the articles from foreign authors/ journalists
who claimed to be Cambodian expert, but didn't mention about the
"Hidden faces and names of Angkar Leu/ Cap Tren: we have seen that the
Khmer Rouge was a family affair. One might say as much about the Khmer
Issarak Liberation Front (Free Cambodians), headed by 1950 on by Son
Ngoc Minh, a relative of Son Ngoc Thanh's (one of the Khmer Serei
leader's brothers, Son Thai Nguyen, was also elected to the South
Vietnam Senate). The putative father of a dissident movement, Son Ngoc
Minh became the head f the Khmer Vietminh. A Radio Hanoi program in
December 1978, claimed the Khmer Rouge had subsequently poisoned the
old Khmer communist movement, that is, uniting the Khmer Rouge and
Khmer-Vietminh.
Today, I am a Cambodian history researcher, happily writing to tell
you about the dirty, secret-plans and long-time dream of Hanoi. An
ancestral prophecy predicts that one the unfortunate Khmer people will
be forced to choose between being eaten by tigers (Khmer Rouge) or
swallowed by crocodiles (Vietnamese). The past and the present Hanoi
leaders had been [and] are trying every diplomatic and legal means to
eliminate the Khmer race by using the secret words of "Angkar Leu/cap
Tren" during the terror of war in indo-china from 1970-1979. The
Cambodian party called itself Angkar, "organization," in the
established tradition of the Indochinese communist party and the south
Vietnamese communists, who used term "organization" in order to woo
the peasants to their political ideas without revealing they were
communists. The next stage for Cambodia war was brought by the Paris
Peace Accords signed on January 27, 1973, by the United States and
North Vietnam. The North Vietnamese won the withdrawal of American
troops from South Vietnam and an end to American bombing of North
Vietnam without having to withdraw North Vietnam troops from the
south. The North Vietnamese had warned the Khmer communists of this
possibility; the Khmer Rouge decided the accords were one more
betrayal by their communist allies. The Khmer Rouge, the North
Vietnamese by signing the accords had released American jets to bomb
Cambodia. North Vietnamese troops no longer traveled through Cambodia
freely. They no longer fed on Cambodian rice. This association with
Vietnamese communists and the presence of men of mixed Cambodian and
Vietnamese ancestry were to have profound consequences the Cambodian
left developed over the ensuing decades, but in the immediate postwar
years links with Vietnam played a vital part in sustaining the
embryonic Cambodian communist movement. Some of the radical leaders
had mixed Cambodian Vietnamese ancestry. The Cambodian communist
movement gained its own identity, separate from ICP, When the latter,
Vietnamese-dominated grouping dissolved itself in 1951. From this
point on there were three national communist movements in each of the
Indochinese states, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. The new party in
Cambodia called itself the Khmer People's Revolutionary party (KPRP)
when it was founded in September 1951. Cambodia's communist leaders so
distrusted foreigners that they cut off the country from the world to
build their revolution. From march 29 1970, when the north Vietnamese
launched their first major attack in Cambodia, until the middle of
1972, Lon Nol's small, inexperienced army had to face and was defeated
by the best fighters in southeast Asia, the north Vietnamese army. The
Lon Nol military suffered the causalities inflicted by the North
Vietnamese and grew to hate Sihanouk and his allies as much as the
Khmer Rouge did.
While SAR refused to accept "mixed" Vietnamese and Cambodian military
units were led and directed by the Vietnamese, he was willing to use
Cambodians trained by the Vietnamese. As early as 1970, Lim realized
the relation between the Cambodian and the Vietnamese communists were
"not good." Gradually, Lim gave up hope for a Khmer revolution.
Today, the Chinese and Vietnamese governments just don't want Khmer
Rouge leaders are tried by the International Penal/Court of Justice or
UN. They are so afraid to lose their faces when all Khmer Rouge
leaders are going to confess to the world.
Sooner or later, all Khmer Rouge leaders will go to confess before the
International Penal/Court of Justice. Then no Khmer fights against
Khmer anymore. And then we all Khmers can sleep peacefully and
harmoniously in our bed! Please help us to open our hidden enemies's
faces clearly to the world so that no more genocide can happen in
other countries in the future. And especially our Khmer innocent
people who were brutally butchered by Angkar Leu from 1975-79,who can
go to rest in peace...with their eyes closed.
SLK
To be continue => II
Mtes Tum
Posted By: Moha Nokor Phnom(Funan)
(dhcp065-024-123-084.columbus.rr.com) Date: Monday, 13 January 2003,
at 9:29 a.m.
The reason for a below post article is in the hope to enlight some of
our Khmer Radical's, that are blindly and carelessly about their Khmer
History.
Please do a diligent research and take actions ! Fraternity your,
Funan
In the spring of 1973, in a conversation with the Soviet ambassador,
Le Duan stated that "the initiative in Cambodian affairs is not in our
hands" (Fund 5, inventory 66, file 782. Record of conversation of the
Soviet ambassador with the VWP Central Committee Secretary Le Duan,
April 19, 1973, p. 78.) This was a fair but late recognition by the
Vietnamese leader. Pham Hung - the member of VWP Politbureau
responsible for Cambodia - made unsuccessful attempts to act according
to the Vietnamese script. It was clear to all that Pol Pot was waging
his own war, independent of Hanoi. (Pham Hung held a few meetings with
Pol Pot in January 24-26, 1973. Nayan Chanda, Brother Enemy, N.Y.,
1986, p. 68.)
In April 1973, Hanoi openly advised its Soviet allies that it had no
real control of the situation in the Cambodian Communist Party. In the
same conversation with the Soviet ambassador, Le Duan declared that
"the Cambodian People's Revolutionary Party has contentions both with
Sihanouk and with its own members. Their organization is situated in
Beijing. Even the Chinese embassy in Hanoi has more contacts with them
than we have. However Khmer comrades are very careful. Our help to
them is substantial. There is a possibility to get closer to them
gradually" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 66, file 782. Record of the
Soviet ambassador's conversation with the VWP Central Committee
secretary Le Duan, April 19, 1973, p. 7 .
Pham Van Dong told the Soviet ambassador about bitter alienation of
the relations between Khmer and Vietnamese communists. In their
conversation of April 14, 1973, the Vietnamese prime minister
indicated that "our support and help to Cambodian friends is
decreasing and its scale is now insignificant". Pham Van Dong took a
much more optimistic position, in comparison with Le Duan's, when he
was asked by the Soviet representative about the "presence of
conspiracy in the Cambodian problem behind the Vietnamese back". He
said "we know that there are plans directed to the creation of
difficulties in relations between the peoples of Indochina. We,
however, have enough forces to resist these plans. The leadership of
the DRV is constantly working on the Cambodian problem" (RSAMH, Fund
5, inventory 66, file 782. Record of the Soviet ambassador's
conversation with the VWP Politbureau member and prime minister of
Vietnam, Pham Van Dong, April 14, 1973, p. 80.)
To all appearances, under the influence of Vietnamese leaders'
information on the significant independence of the Khmer leadership,
Moscow officials came to a conclusion about the necessity of making
their own contacts with the Khmer Rouge. In the same conversation with
Pham Van Dong, the Soviet ambassador said that "comrades from the KPRP
do not evaluate fairly enough their connections with the C.P.S.U.,
depending [the issue of] of recognition of Sihanouk by the USSR. We
need their help to know the situation in Cambodia better." (RSAMH,
Fund 5, inventory 66, business 782. Record of the Soviet ambassador's
conversation with the VWP's Politbureau member and prime minister of
Vietnam, Pham Van Dong, April 14, 1973, p. 85.)
A little later, in June 1973, the envoy-counsellor of the embassy of
the USSR in the DRV informed Moscow: "in accordance with the
assignment of the Centre, I have passed the letter of the Central
Commitee of the C.P.S.U. to the KPRP Central Committee. In the
conversation with the VWP Central Commitee deputy chief of department
Tran Khi Khien, he said that it was difficult to foresee a response of
the Cambodian friends as to how they will consider the initiative of
the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U." (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 66,
file 782. Record of the Soviet embassy to the DRV's envoy-counsellor's
conversation with the VWP Central Committee deputy chief of department
Tran Khi Khien, June 16, 1973, p. 132.)
Analysis of these documents proves, surprisingly, that Moscow's
attempts to create connections with the Khmer Rouge were undertaken
indirectly, via its Vietnamese allies, in whom the Cambodian
leadership had minimal confidence. The passing on of the official
invitation for cooperation with the Khmers by means of the Vietnamese
party worker ensured the blazing collapse of the whole project. As it
now appears, Moscow, though wishing to establish direct ties with the
Khmer Rouge leadership, at the same time did not want to complicate
its relations with Hanoi by trying to approach the Cambodian
leadership over Hanoi's head.
At the same time the information provided to the Soviet side by Hanoi
contained its own puzzles. In November 1973, the deputy chief of the
socialist countries department of the VWP Central Committee, Nguyen
Trong Thuat, in a conversation with a Soviet diplomat, asserted that
"the latest information makes it clear that the process of the NUFC's
(National United Front of Cambodia – D.M.) and personally Khieu
Samphan's ruling roles are now strengthening" (RSAMH, Fund 5,
inventory 66, file 782. Record of the Soviet embassy first secretary's
conversation with the deputy chief of the socialist countries
department of the VWP Central Committee, Nguyen Trong Thuat, November
13 1973, p. 185.)
Now in January, 1978, the information about Khieu Samphan was
completely different. The first deputy chief of the external relations
department of the Vietnamese Communist Party Central Committee, Nguyen
Thanh Le, told the Soviet ambassador that "in 1971-1972 Khieu Samphan
was an ordinary member of the party and only in 1975 became a
candidate member of the Central Committee" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory,
75, file 1061. Record of the Soviet ambassador's conversation with the
first deputy chief of the external relations department of the
Vietnamese Communist Party Central Committee, Nguyen Thanh Le, January
14, 1978, p. 6.)
It is possible to explain this obvious inconsistency in two ways:
either Hanoi really did not know Khieu Samphan's actual place in the
ruling hierarchy of the Cambodian Communist Party (he was always far
from real leadership), or they knew but did not want to tell the
Soviet side, wishing to put Moscow in contact not with the actual
leaders, but with Khieu Samphan who was unable to make decisions. At
least in 1973-1974, Khieu Samphan and Ieng Sari were considered in
Moscow as the most influential persons in the CPK, and Moscow
officials tried several times to organize a meeting with him alone.
Thus in April, 1974, the Soviet ambassador, in conversation with the
deputy minister of foreign affairs of the DRV, Hoang Van Tien, "asked
about the time of Khieu Samphan's return to the DRV on his way to
Cambodia. He said that he would like to meet with him" (RSAMH, Fund 5,
inventory 67, file 659. Record of the Soviet ambassador's conversation
with the Vietnamese deputy minister of foreign affairs, Hoang Van
Tien. April 12, 1974, p. 59.)
In reply to this request, the chief of the USSR and East European
countries department of the Vietnamese ministry of foreign affairs,
Nguyen Huu Ngo, said that "in the morning of May 28, the protocol
department of the ministry of foreign affairs, according to the
request of the Soviet ambassador, has raised with Khieu Samphan the
question of this meeting. In the afternoon, prime minister Pham Van
Dong, in negotiations with the Cambodian delegation, has passed on
fraternal greetings to Khieu Samphan and Ieng Sari from comrades
Brezhnev, Podgorniy, and Kosygin, wishing them success in their
struggle. The Soviet leaders asked Pham Van Dong about it during his
recent visit to Moscow."
It is clear now that Khieu Samphan, even if he was very keen on going
to such meeting, would not have been able to do so without the
approval of Pol Pot himself or the Politbureau of the Central
Committee. A breakthrough in relations between Moscow and the Khmer
Rouge could take place only if key figures of the Khmer leadership
were involved in this process. But the Vietnamese tried to do their
best to prevent direct contact between Moscow and the CPK authorities,
wishing to avoid a situation in which someone else would take over
their monopoly of relations with the Khmer Rouge. Being aware that
Moscow could inevitably become suspicious as to the genuineness of
Hanoi's intent to assist in establishing contacts between the CPSU and
the CPK, Vietnamese officials constantly declared that "the VWP exerts
every effort to assist in the promotion of relations between Cambodian
and Soviet comrades" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 67, file 659. Record of
conversation of the Soviet ambassador with the Chief of the Department
of the USSR and East European countries of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of the DRV, Ngyuen Huu Ngo. May 30, 1974. p. 85.)
It is widely believed that after 1973 relations between the Khmer
Rouge and the Vietnamese communists were gradually worsening until the
beginning of the border war in April, 1977. The archival documents,
which we possess, testify that the assumption is not correct and that
their relations, after seriously cooling off in 1973, saw a marked
improvement in 1974 up to the level of close cooperation.
In that year the CPK authorities seemed to have forgotten their
accusations that the Vietnamese "have betrayed the interests of the
Khmer people," and they started to glorify again the combat friendship
and solidarity of the liberation forces of Vietnam and Cambodia. In
fact, Pol Pot was compelled to recognize that he had been somewhat
hasty to come up with accusations against the Vietnamese, because in
the beginning of 1974 it became obvious that due to considerable
casualties in the 1973 military campaign the Khmer Rouge were not able
to take Phnom Penh without serious military and technical aid.
In his search for material assistance and arms, Pol Pot originally
addressed China; however, the latter was deaf to all entreaties
(RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1062. Record of the conversation of
Deputy minister of Foreign affairs of the SRV, Nguyen Co Thach, with
German comrades while staying for rest in the GDR on 1-6 August, 1978.
August 17, 1978, p. 72.) Beijing played its own game and expected
certain changes in the correlation of forces in the Vietnamese
leadership and in its political course, which would deepen Vietnamese
cooperation with China and slow the growing influence of the USSR.
After receiving a refusal in Beijing, Pol Pot, who was frequently
called "brother number one" in CPK documents, was compelled to soften
his rhetoric and summon Hanoi for support once again. The archival
documents testify to a softening of Khmer-Vietnamese relations. The
political report of the Soviet embassy in the DRV for 1974 mentioned
that while in the beginning of the year the Vietnamese friends in
conversations with the Soviet diplomats referred to vast difficulties
in cooperation with the Cambodian communists, at the end of the year
they indicated an improvement of relations (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory
67, file 655. The 1974 political report of the Soviet embassy in the
DRV, p. 49). In March Pol Pot, in a letter sent to Le Duc Tho, a
member of the Politbureau of the Central Committee of the VWP, went so
far as to say that "sincerely and from the bottom of my heart I assure
you that under any circumstances
I shall remain loyal to the policy of great friendship and great
fraternal revolutionary solidarity between Kampuchea and Vietnam, in
spite of any difficulties and obstacles" (On the history of the
Vietnamese-Kampuchean Conflict, Hanoi 1979, p. 20).
No doubt in 1974, Pol Pot was playing an ingenious game with Hanoi
with far-reaching purposes. He exuded gratitude and swore his
allegiance, because he had no better chance of receiving military and
other aid from Vietnam. In 1978, the then Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Vietnam, Ngyuen Co Thach, told German communists that in
1974 Cambodians had asked for assistance for the purpose of taking
Phnom Penh. "But the Chinese did not provide such aid, then Pol Pot
had approached Vietnam". The new call for assistance, as in 1970, did
not come from Pol Pot himself, but from his deputy within the party,
Nuon Chea (Record of conversation of the Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affairs of the SRV, Ngyuen Co Thach, with German comrades while
staying for rest in the GDR in August 1-6, 1978. RSAMH, Fund 5,
inventory 75, file 1062, August 17, 1978, p. 72)
There is nothing strange about Pol Pot's compelled appeal to Vietnam
for assistance. The strange thing was why the Vietnamese leadership,
which was fully informed of the special position of the Khmer Rouge
leader concerning relations with Hanoi, did not undertake any action
to change the power pattern within the top ranks of the Communist
Party to their own benefit. Apparently, the position of Nuon Chea, as
the main person on whom Hanoi leaders put their stakes, proved to be
decisive at that moment. Nuon Chea was already closely cooperating
with Pol Pot. It was obvious that he consistently and consciously
deceived the Vietnamese principals concerning the real plans of the
Khmer leadership, pointing out the inexpediency of any replacement of
the Khmer leader. As a result, in 1974 Vietnam granted military aid
with no strings attached. Pol Pot was not toppled. There were not even
attempts to shatter his positions or strengthen the influence of
opposition forces. It is possible that Hanoi simply did not want
undesirable problems in its relations with Phnom Penh at the moment of
preparation for its own decisive assault in the South.
There is no doubt that the apparent desire of the Khmer leadership's
majority to govern Cambodia independently and without external
trusteeship, was obviously underestimated in Hanoi. Vietnamese leaders
confessed to this blunder later. A member of the VWP Politbureau and a
long-term Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ngyuen Co Thach, for instance,
in his 1978 conversation with German communists, told them that "in
1975 Vietnam evaluated the situation in Cambodia incorrectly" (RSAMH,
Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1062. Record of the conversation of the
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the SRV, Ngyuen Co Thach, with
German communists, while staying on rest in the GDR in August 1-6,
1978. August 17, 1978, p. 72).
Such an admission by an experienced Vietnamese minister was no wonder:
1975 became an obvious watershed in relations between Phnom Penh and
Hanoi. After the seizure of Phnom Penh by the Khmer communists, and
Saigon's takeover by the Vietnamese, the situation in Indochina
changed dramatically. North Vietnamese leaders successfully
accomplished one of the main behests of Ho Chi Minh: they unified all
Vietnam under the authority of Hanoi and came close to the realization
of another item of his alleged will - formation of a federation of
socialist states of Indochina under Vietnamese domination. But it came
as a surprise that unlike the "Pathet Lao" and Kaysone Phomvihan, Pol
Pot and the Khmer leadership categorically refused any form of
"special relations" with Hanoi. Pol Pot's visit to Hanoi in June 1975
was mainly a protocol event.
Pol Pot offered ritual phrases like "without the help and support of
the VWP we could not achieve victory"; expressed gratitude to
"brothers in North and South Vietnam"; took special note of the
Vietnamese support in "the final major attack during the dry season of
1975, when we faced considerable difficulties" (V. Skvortsov.
Kampuchea: Saving the freedom, ?oscow, 1980, p. 52). The Khmer leader
did not mention the establishment of special relations with Vietnam as
expected by the Vietnamese. Moreover, having returned to Phnom Penh,
Pol Pot declared: "we have won total, definitive, and clean victory,
meaning that we have won it without any foreign connection or
involvement… we have waged our revolutionary struggle based on the
principles of independence, sovereignty and self-reliance" (Ben
Kiernan, ‘Pol Pot and the Kampuchean Communist Movement,' in Kiernan
and Boua, Peasants and Politics in Kampuchea 1942-1981, London, Zed,
1982 p. 233). Thereby the Khmer leader actually disavowed even the
ritual words of gratitute for the Vietnamese people, which he had
pronounced during his trip to Hanoi. In fact the only result of his
trip was the agreement on holding a new summit in June, 1976. However,
as Vietnamese sources testify, the meeting was never held (On the
History of the Vietnamese-Kampuchean Conflict, Hanoi, 1979, p. 16).
In fact this Vietnamese does not say the whole truth. Such a meeting
did take place in the first half of 1976. In 1978, the Chairman of the
State Committee on Science and Technology of the SRV, Tran Quy Inh,
told the Soviet ambassador about some details of the meeting. He said
that during a personal meeting between Le Duan and Pol Pot in 1976,
"Pol Pot spoke about friendship, while Le Duan called the regime
existing in Democratic Kampuchea "slavery communism". In the
conversation with Pol Pot, the Vietnamese leader described the
Cambodian revolution as "unique, having no analog" (Record of the
conversation of the Soviet ambassador with member of the Central
Committee of the CPV, Chairman of Committee on Science and Technology
of the SRV, Tran Quy Inh, March 24, 1978. RSAMH, Fund 5 inventory 75,
file 1061, pp. 39-40.)
It appears from the archival documents that in the first half of 1976
Hanoi seriously expected positive changes in its relations with the
Khmer Rouge. In February 1976, apparently on the eve of the summit,
Xuan Thuy - one of the most prominent party leaders of Vietnam - told
the Soviet ambassador that "the relations of Vietnam and Cambodia are
slowly improving" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 69, file 2314.
Conversations of the Soviet ambassador with Xuan Thuy, February 16,
1976 p. 16). A little later, in July 1976, in conversation with the
Soviet ambassador, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DRV,
Hoanh Van Loi, declared that the Vietnamese leadership "deems it
necessary to have patience and work towards gradually strengthening
its influence in Cambodia" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 69, file 2312.
Conversation of the Soviet ambassador with the Deputy Minister of
Foreign Affairs of the DRV, Hoanh Van Loi, July 1976, p. 90).
Apparently the Vietnamese leaders considered the well-known Pol Pot
interview, which he had given in 1976 to the deputy director-general
of the Vietnamese Information Agency, Tran Thanh Xuan, as a proof of
growing Vietnamese influence in Phnom Penh. Tran Thanh Xuan visited
Cambodia at the head of a large delegation of Vietnamese journalists.
In the interview Pol Pot said all the words which the Vietnamese had
waited in vain to hear in June 1975. He said in particular, "we
consider friendship and solidarity between the Kampuchean and
Vietnamese revolutions, between Kampuchea and Vietnam a strategic
question and a sacred feeling. Only when such friendship and
solidarity are strong, can the revolution in our countries develop
adequately. There is no other alternative. That is why, honoring these
principles, we consider that both parties and we personally should
aspire to maintain this combat solidarity and brotherhood in arms and
make sure that they grow and strengthen day by day" (Nhan Dan. 29 VII,
1976).
It is quite obvious that only extremely serious circumstances could
have made Pol Pot demonstrate anew this adherence to Vietnam. "Brother
No 1" indeed experienced tough pressure inside the CPK from a group of
party leaders, rather numerous and influential, especially on the
regional level, who were opposed to breaking off relations with
Vietnam. In September, 1976, due to their pressure, Pol Pot would even
be temporarily removed from his post. To relieve this pressure and to
gain time, he was simply compelled to make statements expected by his
enemies. Surprisingly enough he managed to fool them again, to create
the illusion of his surrender and readiness to go hand in hand with
Vietnam. Even in March 1977, when the anti-Vietnamese campaign in
Cambodia was rapidly escalating, Truong Chinh, member of the VWP
Politbureau and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National
Assembly of the SRV, in a conversation with the Soviet ambassador,
made the point that "Democratic Kampuchea is also generally building
socialism, but the leaders of Kampuchea are not clear enough as to
forms of socialist construction. There is no unity in the Kampuchean
leadership and much depends on which line will win" (RSAMH, Fund 5,
inventory 73, file 1409. Record of the conversation of the Soviet
ambassador with Truong Chinh, March 15, 1977 p. 34).
There is no doubt that in 1976 in spite of some improvement in
relations with Phnom Penh, Hanoi actually lost not only control (that
had happened long before), but even sources of authentic information
on the situation in the Khmer leadership. At least this fact was
recognized by Vietnamese leaders. In July 1976, according to the
Soviet ambassador's information, the Chairman of the Council of
Ministers of the SRV, Pham Vam Dong, "informed confidentially that the
present situation in Cambodia is not clear enough to Hanoi, which has
difficulties in following developments there". Pham Van Dong also said
that it was necessary to show patience and that reality itself should
teach the Khmers some lessons" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 69, file
2314. Conversation of the Soviet ambassador with prime minister Pham
Van Dong, July 13, 1976, p. 72). The Vietnamese leadership's poor
understanding of current political struggle in Cambodia could also be
seen from the fact that back on November 16, 1976, Le Duan had told
the Soviet ambassador that Pol Pot and Ieng Sari had been removed from
power, that they were "bad people". Le Duan added that "everything
will be all right with Kampuchea which will be together with Vietnam
sooner or later, there is no other way for the Khmers. We know how to
work with them, when to be resolute or soft" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory
69, file 2314. Record of the conversation of the Soviet ambassador
with the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the VWP, Le Duan,
November 16, 1976, p. 113).
In fact the report that Pol Pot and Ieng Sari had been removed from
power, which was now in the hands of the "reliable" Nuon Chea, totally
misinterpreted the situation in Phnom Penh by the middle of November
1976. Pol Pot's opponents - such well-known Khmer communists long time
connected with Vietnam, Keo Muni, Keo Meas and Nei Sarann - were
already imprisoned and exposed to severe tortures. Agriculture
Minister Non Suon and more than two hundred of his associates from
various ministries, the army and the party apparatus had already been
arrested by November 1 (Ben Kiernan, The Pol Pot regime: Race, power
and genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979, New Haven,
Yale University Press, 1996, p. 335). While Le Duan was informing the
Soviet ambassador that Pol Pot and Ieng Sari had been ousted, in
reality they were firmly in power, wielding full authority in Phnom
Penh.
Generally speaking, the circumstances of the coup attempt have until
now been insufficiently investigated. It is known that in September
1976, under pressure from the anti-Pol Pot opposition (Non Suon was
one of the leaders and an old Vietnamese protegé , Pol Pot was
compelled to declare his temporary resignation from the post of prime
minister of Democratic Kampuchea due to ‘health reasons.' The
second-ranking person in the party hierarchy, Nuon Chea, was appointed
acting prime minister (Kiernan, The Pol Pot Regime, p. 331). At the
same time "Tung Krohom" (Red Flag) magazine, an official organ of the
Communist Youth League of Kampuchea, ran an article affirming "that
the CPK was founded in 1951" when it was assisted by the VWP (On the
History of the Vietnamese-Kampuchean Conflict, Hanoi, 1979, p. . Such
a statement contradicted Pol Pot's directives claiming that the CPK
emerged in 1960 and had not received any help from the VWP. In
September 1976 a regular air route between Hanoi and Vientiane was
also established. A natural rubber consignment was sold to Singapore
and attempts were made to accept humanitarian and medical aid from the
U.N. and some American firms. All these events testified to a
weakening of the radical group's positions, to an obvious change of
the political line and to a certain modification of the Cambodian
authorities' attitude toward the Vietnam and the VWP.
A turnaround in Phnom Penh like this encouraged the Vietnamese
leadership, which advised its Soviet friends that "the situation in
Cambodia is not clear, but it is easier to work with Nuon Chea, than
with Pol Pot and Ieng Sari" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 69, file 2314,
p. 88. October 15, 1976. Conversation of the Soviet ambassador with
Ngyuen Duy Trinh). Soviet friends in their turn had sent the new Khmer
leadership an important sign: at the October 1976 Plenary meeting of
the Central Committee of the CPSU, L.I. Brezhnev suddenly declared
that "the path of independent development was opened among other
countries before Democratic Kampuchea ("Pravda", October 26, 1976).
However, the hopes for stability or positive changes in Cambodia soon
dimmed, as Hanoi did not make any appreciable attempts to support Pol
Pot's opponents. It is difficult to determine the reason for such
passivity. Was it because the Vietnamese considered the changes
irreversible, or were they afraid to compromise "their people" in
Phnom Penh, or did they not quite clearly realize how to help them, or
did they not have actual possibilities to provide such help ? In any
case the attempt at Pol Pot's removal from power ended extremely
pitiably for Hanoi: thousands of "brother number one's" opponents were
imprisoned and executed, and the winner having regained his power,
could now openly conduct his anti-Vietnamese policy.
The "cat and mouse" game between Pol Pot and Hanoi ended after the
Vietnamese Deputy minister of Foreign Affairs Hoang Van Loi's
confidential visit to Phnom Penh in February 1977. Pol Pot declined
his proposal of a summit of Vietnamese and Cambodian leaders (Chanda,
Brother Enemy, New York, 1986, p. 186). After the obvious failure of
this visit, Hanoi, apparently, was finally convinced that it was
impossible to come to terms with the Cambodian leadership. Gone were
the hopes that Nuon Chea could change the situation for the benefit of
Vietnam. At least during the Soviet ambassador's meeting with the
deputy minister of Foreign affairs of the SRV, Hoang Bich Son, on
December 31, 1977, the Vietnamese representative said that "during the
war with the United States, Nuon Chea's attitude towards Vietnam was
positive and now in his personal contacts with Vietnamese leaders he
is to a certain extent sympathetic to Vietnam, but the current
situation in Kampuchea makes such people unable to do anything"
(RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1061. Record of the conversation of
the Soviet ambassador with the deputy minister of Foreign Affairs of
the SRV, Hoang Bich Son. December 31, 1977. p. 10).
Vietnam's decision to take a tougher stand on relations with
Democratic Kampuchea was also motivated by the endless border war,
started by the Khmer Rouge in the spring of 1977, and the appearance
of Chinese military personnel backing the Khmer Rouge training and
arming their troops, building roads and military bases. Among such
bases was an Air Force base at Kampong Chhnang, which made it possible
for military planes to reach the South Vietnamese capital Hochiminh
City (Saigon) in half an hour's time. The situation developed in such
a manner that Hanoi had to think of the real threat to its national
security rather than about an Indochinese federation. New
circumstances required new approaches. In this connection the
following information received by Soviet ambassador from his Hungarian
colleague in Vietnam deserves attention. "As a Hungarian journalist
was informed, on September 30, 1977, the Politbureau of the CPV met in
Saigon for an extraordinary session, under Le Duan's chairmanship, to
discuss when topublish information on the Kampuchean reactionary
forces' aggression" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 73, file 1407. Hungarian
ambassador's information on Vietnamese-Cambodian relations. November
1, 1977. p. 99.) The very term "Kampuchean reactionary forces" meant a
radical turnaround of the Vietnamese policy. Hanoi had a new plan of
operations to deal with situation in Cambodia.
The first element of this plan was the change in Vietnam's border war
strategy. While the year 1977 had seen the Vietnamese troops mainly
defending, now they dealt a powerful direct blow against Cambodian
territory which came as a surprise to the Khmer Rouge. In
December-January 1977-1978, Vietnamese troops destroyed Cambodian
units and pursued Khmer Rouge combatants. For different reasons the
Vietnamese did not occupy the country, but quickly withdrew their
forces. (Bulgarian news agency correspondent I.
Gaitanjiev was told that "the Vietnamese troops were deployed some 35
kilometers away from Phnom Penh but occupation of all Kampuchea was
politically impossible" (RSAMH, Fund 5 inventories 75, file 1062.
Record of the conversation of the Soviet embassy minister in Beijing
with the BNA correspondent I. Gaitanjiev, Beijing, April 4, 1978 p.
23). This successful invasion made it possible for Hanoi to make a
detailed appraisal of the situation in Cambodia and the mood of the
majority of its population. When the Vietnamese forces entered Khmer
territory, the local population, as a high-ranking Vietnamese diplomat
informed the Soviet ambassador, "met the Vietnamese well" (RSAMH, Fund
5, inventory 75, file 1061, Record of the conversation of the Soviet
ambassador with the chief of the consular department of the Vietnamese
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Vu Hoang, February, 1978, p.15-16).
Moreover, when the Vietnamese troops withdrew from Cambodian
territory, thousands fled following them to Vietnam (Chanda, Brother
Enemy, New York, 1986, p. 213).
At that time, Hanoi considered only two ways of solving the Cambodian
problem. According to the chief of the consular department of the
Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Vu Hoang, "one option is a
victory for "healthy" forces inside Democratic Kampuchea; another – is
compelling Pol Pot to negotiate in a worsening situation" (RSAMH, Fund
5, inventory 75, file1061. Record of the conversation of the Soviet
ambassador with the chief of the consular department of the Vietnamese
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Vu Hoang. February, 1978, p. 15-16).
As we see, Hanoi put its stakes either on a coup d'etat and a victory
of "healthy forces," or on the capitulation of Pol Pot and his
acceptance of all Vietnamese conditions. But its leaders
miscalculated. Attempts to organize Pol Pot's overthrow by a mutiny of
the Eastern Zone military forces ended in a complete disaster for the
anti-Pol Pot rebels in June 1978. Thereby the first option could be
discarded. The second one appeared equally unrealistic, as the Chinese
aid to the Khmer Rouge sharply increased in 1978 and eased the
difficulties experienced by the regime.
It appeared that the Vietnamese leadership did not limit itself to the
two scenarios for Cambodia introduced by Vu Hoang to the Soviet
ambassador. They had the third choice: deposition of the Pol Pot
regime by a massive military invasion and the introduction of a new
administration in Phnom Penh controlled by Hanoi. So in the middle of
February 1978, Vietnamese party leaders Le Duan and Le Duc Tho met
with, firstly, a small group of Khmer communists remaining in Vietnam,
who had regrouped there in 1954 (most of the other regroupees had
returned to Cambodia in the beginning of the 1970s, and were soon
killed in repressions), and, secondly, with former Khmer Rouge who had
sought refuge in Vietnam from Pol Pot's repressions. The purpose of
these meetings was to form an anti-Pol Pot movement and political
leadership. It would include Vietnamese army major Pen Sovan, a Khmer
who had lived in Vietnam for 24 years, and the former Khmer Rouge Hun
Sen, who had escaped to Vietnam only in June 1977. At that time "a
chain of secret camps" for guerrilla army induction and training
appeared in South Vietnam" (Chanda, Brother Enemy, New York, 1986, pp.
217-21 . Former American military bases in Xuan Loc and Long Chau were
the main camps. In April 1978 the first brigade of the anti-Pol Pot
army was secretly administered an oath; later some other brigades
manned at batallion level or below, were formed on the territory of
Vietnam.
Provision of proper diplomatic background for the operation to
overthrow Pol Pot was considered of utmost importance. In June 1978,
the Politbureau of the VWP Central Committee took a decision on the
expediency of a trip by Le Duan to Moscow. A Soviet diplomat reported
in June 1978 that "according to the Vietnamese the trip should have a
confidential status. Le Trong Tan, deputy chief of the Joint Staff,
will accompany Le Duan" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1062,
Record of a Soviet diplomat's conversation with the member of the
Politbureau of the VWP Central Committee, minister of foreign affairs
of the SRV, Ngyuen Duy Trinh, June 15, 1978, p. 35).
By securing initially informal, and after the conclusion of the
friendship and cooperation treaty between the USSR and the SRV,
official support from Moscow, the Vietnamese began to talk quite
clearly that "the forthcoming dry season can be effectively used for
powerful attacks on the Phnom Penh regime" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory
75, file 1062. Record of conversation of a Soviet diplomat with Nguyen
Ngoc Tinh – deputy chief of South East Asian communist parties sector
of the CPV Central Committee's foreign relations department. October
20, 1978. p. 1). An interesting thing was that the Vietnamese firmly
assured Soviet representatives, who were concerned about the Chinese
response to the prospective invasion, that "China will not have time
to dispatch large military units to Phnom Penh to rescue the
Kampuchean regime". (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1062. Record of
the conversation of the Soviet diplomat with Nguyen Ngoc Tinh, deputy
chief of the communist parties sector of the CPV Central Committee's
foreign relations department. October 20, 1978, p. 109).
Generally speaking, on the eve of the invasion, the Vietnamese rather
explicitly and frankly told their Soviet allies what they knew about
the situation in Khmer headship. In October 1978, according to a
high-ranking Vietnamese party official "responsible for Cambodia",
Hanoi still believed that "there were two prominent party figures in
Phnom Penh, who sympathized with Vietnam - Nuon Chea and the former
first secretary of the Eastern Zone, So Phim".
Friends were aware, a Soviet diplomat reported, that "Nuon Chea
opposes Pol Pot's regime; he deeply sympathizes with the CPV, but
fearing reprisals, he can not speak his mind". Trying to save Nuon
Chea from reprisals, the Vietnamese had severed all their contacts
with him. They knew nothing about So Phim's fate but believed that he
had escaped and hidden in the jungles. According to the CPV Central
Commitee's opinion, CPK Politbureau members Nuon Chea and So Phim were
widely known political figures in Kampuchea who "under favorable
circumstances could become leaders of bona fide revolutionary forces
in this country" (RSAMH, Fund 5, inventory 75, file 1062, p. 108,
October 20, 1978. Record of conversation of a Soviet diplomat with
Ngyuen Ngoc Tinh – deputy chief of the Southeast Asia Communist
parties sector of the CPV Central Commitee's Foreign relations
department).
True enough, if So Phim and Nuon Chea had joined forces to head the
resistance, the expulsion of Pol Pot from Phnom Penh and a transition
of power to more moderate and pro-Vietnamese forces would not have
been accompanied by such fierce fighting and destruction as that of
1979. Both leaders controlled a significant part of the military and
party apparatus and could have promptly taken main regions of the
country under their control. Nevertheless, Vietnamese hopes that these
figures would head an uprising against Pol Pot turned out to be
groundless: So Phim perished during the revolt in June 1978, while
Nuon Chea, as it is known, turned out to be one of the most devoted
followers of Pol Pot - he did not defect to the Vietnamese side.
Moreover, the situation around Nuon Chea until these days generally
remains extremely vague. It is difficult to understand why until the
end of 1978 it was believed in Hanoi that Nuon Chea was "their man" in
spite of the fact that all previous experience should have proved
quite the contrary. Was Hanoi unaware of his permanent siding with Pol
Pot, his demands that "the Vietnamese minority should not be allowed
to reside in Kampuchea", his extreme cruelty, as well as of the fact
that, "in comparison with Nuon Chea, people considered Pol Pot a
paragon of kindness" ? (Ben Kiernan, The Pol Pot Regime, p. 5 .
Either he skillfully deceived the Vietnamese, explaining his cruelty
and anti-Vietnamese activity by the constraints under which he acted,
or the Vietnamese were fooling themselves, failing to believe that a
veteran communist who had once worked side by side with them in a
united Indochina Communist Party and who was totally obliged to Hanoi,
could become a traitor. By the way, the Vietnamese were deceived not
only by Nuon Chea. Other veterans of the ICP, such as Ta Mok and So
Phim were also bitterly anti-Vietnamese.
In this connection Hanoi, preparing the invasion and establishing a
new Cambodian power, was compelled to rely on little-known figures
from the mid-level Khmer Rouge echelon such as Heng Samrin, Chea Sim,
and Hun Sen, complemented by characters absolutely trustworthy after
living for many years in Vietnam, like Pen Sovan and Keo Chenda. These
two groups formed the core of the United Front for the National
Salvation of Kampuchea (UFNSK), founded in December 1978, and the
Peoples's Revolutionary Party, reconstructed a little later, at the
beginning of January 1979. In this case former Khmer Rouge assumed
control over the UFNSK, whose Central Committee was headed by Heng
Samrin, while longtime Khmer residents of Vietnam took the key posts
in the PRPK, where Pen Sovan was put at the head of the party
construction commission, later transformed into the PRPK Central
Committee.
As we see, Hanoi learned proper lessons from the mistakes it committed
in respect of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, and decided not to put "all
its eggs in one basket" anymore. Phnom Penh's seizure by the
Vietnamese forces on January 7, 1979 and the declaration of the
People's Republic of Kampuchea meant that it was all over for the
Khmer Rouge as a ruling political organization in the country.
Remnants of the Khmer Rouge entrenched themselves in the border areas
adjacent to Thailand, conducting protracted guerrilla war. But they
never managed to restore their former might and influence. Political
power in Cambodia was transferred to the PRPK, reconstructed by the
Vietnamese. As to the history of relations between that organization
with the VCP, and the attitudes of Vietnamese leaders to Hun Sen, who
became prime minister in 1985 and was nicknamed "the man with plenty
of guts" – that is a subject for another study.
======================================
* An earlier version of this paper appeared in the Russian journal
Vostok ('Orient'), no. 3, August 2000. This English translation has
been made possible through the support of Ben Kiernan and Yale
University.
Visitor
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79?(Beginning)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:45 p.m.
Who was Angkar Leu from 1973-79?
Please my dear Cambodian Brothers and Sisters, copy these useful
articles into your disk for later reading, if you don't have much time
to read them now. Please read them very carefully so that you can
learn more about our poisonous hidden enemies who have been trying to
exterminate all of us-Khmers to fulfil their hungry ambition of
expansionism, neo-colonialism, hegemonism and Vietnamization. They
really want to wipe Cambodia out of the World map to feed their hungry
people who desperately need more land from us-Khmers.
WE SHOULD MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO LIVE IN PEACE WITH ALL MEN.
CAMBODIA HAS BEEN COMPLETELY CHANGED FOREVER.
Why did they secretly use "Angkar " to kill nearly two million
Cambodians from 1973-79?
When we in name of the Cambodian victims ask above-this question? We
already know the answers: who, when and why…?
Dead or alive, we have to sacrifice our lives to find out our hidden
enemies who have been trying every means on the International Arena to
eliminate all of us-Khmers. We have to show our hidden enemies' faces
clearly to the world in order not to let anything happening like this
any more on this planet.
When the Phnom Penh City fell into the grips of the "Mysterious Groups
of disguised Khmer Rouge" in 1975, there were many secret Bo Dois who
could speak Khmer very fluently, going all over the country to collect
the all Vietnamese nationals to be sent back to South Vietnam
effectively. My family and my uncle-aunts' when we were brutally
forced to leave immediately Taprohm Village for going nowhere. We all
were on the move didn't know where to go and what to do? When our
boats had reached Chruoy Dang, Khet Kandal, about 45 km from Phnom
Penh, where we all stayed for a few days before we could move on to
somewhere else. While we were staying along the Mekong River of Chruoy
Dang on our boats, there were many secret Bo Dois, who were men in
black dressed like Khmer Rouge soldiers on a boat travelling to
collect all the Vietnamese nationals by asking my mother in Vietnamese
to go home. My mother just told me when she was in Australia in
1996-97. She thought that the men in black were real Khmer Rouge.
During the war against the American imperialists from 1970 to 1975,
the Khmer Rouge were known as "Men in Black". After the "Mysterious
Group of Bo Dois" had collected all Vietnamese nationals who were sent
home to South Vietnam.(Vietnamese boat peoples were sent home/to South
Vietnam happily like the ones during UNTAC sponsored "Free and Fair
Election" of 1993). And from 1976 on, the "Young Mysterious Group of
Disguised Khmer Rouge" had started to clean up all Kampuchea Krom
people who spoke broken both Khmer and Yuon were accused of being
Vietnamese spies/ secret agents. Why did Angkar Leu/Cap Tren order the
"Young Mysterious Group of Disguised Khmer Rouge" to murder Kampuchea
Krom people who were accused of being Vietnamese spies/secret agents?
Why didn't Angkar Leu/Cap Tren order "The Young Mysterious Group of
Disguised Khmer Rouge" to kill all Vietnamese nationals living in
Cambodia when they first came to Phnom Penh in 1975? Vietnamese
leaders know too well that Kampuchea Krom people would not go back
home to Kampuchea Krom where they were born, because once they went
there again, they would have no land and no house to live on. They
would rather be mercilessly killed by "The Young Mysterious Group of
Disguised Khmer Rouge", who were accused of being Vietnamese
spies/secret agents. Hanoi leaders thought that they are so cunning to
have hidden their dirty-secret-pogrom plans against the Cambodian
Victims. Hanoi leaders really wanted to eliminate both Kampuchea
Kandal and Kampuchea Krom people so that it would make them easy to
take control of Cambodia for their hungry Vietnamese who need more
land, endlessly!
As a Cambodian ancestral saying: "A dead elephant was buried in
bushel." In other words, even though Hanoi Leaders have been trying to
conceal her dirty-secret pogrom plans against the Cambodian Victims,
could not hide her hidden faces in the eyes of the public and
Cambodian Victims any more. Because Hanoi Leaders could not kill all
Cambodians for more than 3 years from 1975 to 1979. So when one
Cambodian survivor who knows Vietnamese vicious-criminal pogrom plans
will be revealed to the world and all Cambodian Victims, such Pol Pot,
Ieng Sary, Khieu Samphan, Ta Mok, Sihanouk, Son Sann and Mrs. Yiey
Tien and many other Cambodian important witnesses who will point their
fingers to the Hanoi Leaders. Today, Mr Gen. Nhiek Bun Chhay and all
Cambodian Victims who already have pointed their fingers to the Hanoi
Leaders for killing their Khmer compatriots in Cambodia.
In the mid-19th century, a Thai Emperor saying: From ordinary
Cambodians to the governors of the province, and from the leader of
the country to the king, all of who are so bloody idiot, are always
very gullible, to be easy deceived by her neighbors.
At the same time, a Vietnamese Emperor saying, too: The Khmers are all
zealous-religious believers, with whom we must play a trick to deceive
and scare them off.
Until now the VC/NVAs have played these tricks to con and scare off
the Khmers. A Cambodian proverb: To commit an evil act in order to
create a division. Lit. "To beat the water and scare away the fish."
That was why no one could figure out the "Mysterious Group of Angkar
Leu/Cap Tren," which are the secret words of Hanoi-meaning "To divide
and rule". "To murder the Khmers for needy-hungry Vietnamese people
who need more land". Therefore, there are no foreigners who have
claimed they are extremely expert, and know Cambodian History better
than Cambodians themselves are. Short-sighted Cambodian peasants,
mountaineers and former bandits, who secretly instigated by Hanoi's
Angkar Leu/ Cap Tren, to kill the educated Cambodians and rich men at
their will during the Angkar Leu Genocidal Regime from 1975 to 1979.
The Angkar Leu/Cap Tren that was indeed the hidden faces of Hanoi
Leaders who didn't wanted to get caught in action by International
Court of Justice and the world!
I just want to remind all the leaders of Khmer political parties what
the emperor and the king of our neighbors said: Emperor Gia Long of
Vietnam said: "Cambodia is a small country and we should maintain it
as a child. We will be its mother; its father will be Siam. When a
child had a trouble with its father, it can get rid of suffering by
embracing its mother. When the child is unhappy with its mother, it
can run to its father for support."
King Rama III of Siam said: "the Cambodians always fight among
themselves in the matter of concession. The loser in these fights go
off to ask help from a neighboring state; the winner must ask for
forces from the others."
Hanoi leaders, who had freed themselves from Chinese jokes a thousand
years ago, are more intelligence than Hitler, Stalin, Mao Tse Tung, US
presidents, and especially, than the world leaders, could conceal her
dirty-poisonous-pogrom plans against Khmer race. Hitler, who had
ordered his secret police to kill the Jews in the eyes of the world
during Second World War, was imprinted on every heart of the Jews
until now, and was also strongly condemned by the International Court
of Justice and the people in the world.
Most of the world leaders did or don't know much about Hanoi Leaders'
dirty-secret plans and poison words that were hidden in the face of
the world and public. The past and present Hanoi leaders are so
cunning to have kicked the French Colonialism/Colonialists, the
Japanese and American imperialists out of her country by her
tactful-political stratagems…Etc.
All this notwithstanding, it should be kept in mind that historically
the warring Vietnamese have showed no mercy on the Khmers. The moral
of the story is that there certainly must have been daily exchanges of
atrocities and counteratrocities between the two opposing armies and
the two neighbor peoples.
It is more likely that Vietnam's plans were to mislead international
opinion and at the same time encourage the sadly deluded Pol Pot
regime to rest on its laurels. From their reputed defeat the Yuons
came back to take over Kampuchea completely in December, 1978, and
January, 1979, showing that the earlier attack had gravely wounded and
weakened Pol Pot 's regime. (W&H, p 90)
French Colonialism/Colonialists, Japanese and American imperialists,
all of whom are so powerful nations on earth, always oppressed and
bombed a small country like in Cambodia, but were brainless people in
the jungle war against the Vietminh and Vietcong.
All Cambodian peasants, farmers, workers, students and middle classes
who had supported Sihanouk to fight against American imperialists and
Lon Nol regime; those who knew nothing about the Vietnamese political
tricks to exterminate them all; those who hated the politics, by
letting Sihanouk did all the jobs. Because the "Politics" in Cambodia
means "Death and Jail", and even be arrested by its own government's
secret police. That's why there was no a single Cambodian man dare
criticise their Government wrongdoing, because they were afraid to go
to the "Pawn of Death'. It's better off letting their leaders alone
run the country. All Cambodians are living like a frog in a
pond/well-don't see or know anything from the outside world.
Many foreign journalists, authors/writers, observers, film-markers,
pamphleteers, CIA officers/secret agents, and dissemination in all
forms of mass media, who find it opportunistic to fish in this
troubled water. They ascend from obscurity to champion the cause of
the human rights and thus make themselves known to the public. Nearly
all of them claim to be Cambodian experts. In fact, they are unable
even to neither distinguish fact from fiction nor can they dissociate
human rights from external aggression. Up until now they are still so
extremely confused by keep asking themselves, "Who was Angkar Leu?"
I find that they get a myriad of exaggeration of falsehood: producing
films, articles and pamphlets, like Vietnamese-head with Australian
body, John Pilger…etc. Out of sincere ignorance or ulterior motives,
they have effectively complicated the conflict, deceived the world and
readers, especially the Cambodian victims, diverted the real issues
and, consequently, prolonged the war. The state of war in Cambodia
has-in turn-serve to legitimize this handful of activities, and the
certain relief organization behind them, by allowing them to continue
their self-proclaimed role as saviors-but at the expense of the more
Cambodian lives.
The Hanoi Leaders, who are afraid of breaching/violating the
International Court of Justice/ military tribunal, had used their
secret words of "Angkar Leu/ Cap Tren", altruism aside, disguise their
hidden political agenda behind a public face of "humanitarianism" and
the constant reiteration of the 1975-1979 tragedy. And the Vietnamese
communists/NVA expressed the collective guilt of every modern atrocity
in Southeast Asia. They have behaved deplorably…breached the most
fundamental races of human decency. And they are also the world's
worst violators of human right. The awful irony of humanitarian
organization to shore up one of the most inhumane regime in recent
history is clear enough, which was being created by the "Mysterious
Angkar Leu/ Cap Tren", were the secret-poisonous words of Hanoi-the
plans for expanding control in Cambodia, as their ancestors promised
and so on.
All the information is imbalance in their article/book/pamphlet, which
they didn't describe accurately and clearly: "Who was the Angkar Leu?
Who was behind the Angkar Leu? Why did they create the Angkar Leu?
Where and when was the Angkar Leu formed? Who has swallowed up the
lands of Cambodian people in the East and the in West? Why did Ho Chi
Minh want to incorporate Cambodia, Laos and Kampuchea Krom into
Indo-Chinese federation under Hanoi's thirty and hungry expansionism
and hegemonism in South East Asia?" and the Cambodian problem still
remains unresolved. Internal factional struggles and external military
involvement remain an integral part of the Cambodian Victims
suffering. The role of mass media coverage of the war in Cambodia is
thus a controversial subject, deserving of serious study. I am so
pleased to discover that the Australian mass media of the Cambodia
problem and to present their findings in an obscurity of their
viewpoints about "The World's worst Violators of Human Rights" had
created by "A Mysterious Secret Group of Angkar Leu/ Cap Tren" in
Cambodia from 1975-1979, and then from 1979-1991. Those who claim to
be Cambodian experts are both useless and hopeless! I think no one is
perfect than the others on this earth. As a Cambodian ancestral
saying: A four-legged elephant will surely trip; an educated man will
surely forget. In other words, to get off the right track/ to make a
terrible mistake (in the course of some task).
Mrs. Yiey Tien, one of survivors of Khmer Vietminh, who had escaped
from Vietminh's worst brutality on this planet to have lived in
Battambang province, provided us as extremely clear evidences as
crystal about Hanoi who were in the Angkar Leu's mask, was born in
Kampuchea Krom, capital of Prey Nokor (now known as "Ho Chi Minh
City").
Now Yiey Tien, who is in Paris with her two daughters, one of the most
important eyewitnesses, used to working since 1946, is one of the pure
Kampuchea Krom peoples, had long-suffered through many dictatorial
regimes.
From 1945 on, she has seen many extraordinary events that are
happening in both Kampuchea Krom and Cambodia, who had undergone all
kinds of tortures. So she has written four books, one called " Who was
the Mysterious Angka Leu?" Second ones, "Our Khmer Brothers and
Sisters ought to be careful…" the Third ones, "Criminal Stratagems of
Hanoi that all Khmer should know". The last ones called "Hanoi formed
a Faked Khmer People's National Liberation Front" to let all classes
of Cambodians being aware of Hanoi's well planed. All of the books are
on sale in the Smaradey Khmer that is being printed every month in
Sydney.
Yiey Tien's history:
Yiey in Khmer is Grandmother, is too old now, whose real Vietnamese
names are Kim Thi Huy. She had hidden her real Vietnamese names when
she came to live in Battambang because she did not want to be arrested
by Vietminh;
In 1946, she was a teacher who taught Kampuchea Krom students in
Cambodian+French languages in a Primary School in the village of Nga
Ba, Travinh province during the French Cochinchina Colonialism;
From January-March, 1947-48, Yiey Tien, who had been forced to serve
Vietminh as both secret agents/spy and a teacher, had taught the
Kampuchea Krom Students in Wat Prateaksen Nikroot under Vietminh
regime;
From 11/11/48-17/4/75, she was a secretary of Ministry of the Interior
in Battambang as Chef Bureau D' order ET de documents during the
corrupt Sihanouk and Lon Nol regime;
From 18/4/75-24/4/79, she was a Prisoner of War of Mysterious
Anonymous Murderous Higher Organization;
From 24/4/79-16/6/80, she had lived under Yuon-Vietcong aggression of
Cambodia.
1. Who was the Angkar Leu?
2. Why did Angkar order their mysterious groups to kill many Khmer
innocence "gentles"? Especially was to kill both the educated men and
the respectful Buddhist monks?
3. Where did Angkar Leu hide Cambodia's properties, which they had
robbed from Khmer Victims from 1975 to 1979?
Answer to these three questions as above. We are so pleased to
describe these following events:
To identify the Angkar's faces; to identify the Murderers' faces; to
identify the bandits' faces. We the Khmer Nationalists must sacrifice
our lives to use our brains for identifying/considering the cause and
effect. More precisely, "Who is our hereditary enemy of Khmer Nation?
Do not just believe anything from the enemy with your eyes and ears at
all. Because our arch enemy has had plenty of poisonous and criminal
stratagem… Our enemy had a secretly pre-planned; when to do
(anything), who have better weapons than us the Khmer. They also have
better modern equipment than us the Khmer. They have better
communication lines than us the Khmer. They have had more than 40
years' experiences of war.
In "the political educational programs":
They always remind/ or advice to their people secretly; to wage the
war against the French Colonialism/Colonialists, Japanese and American
imperialists that they must use forces of (weapons) to drive their 3
arch enemies out of their country. But to wage the war and destroy the
Khmer nation is to incorporate Cambodia into an Indo-Chinese
federation dominated by Hanoi. Therefore, the number-one enemy of the
Khmers is Hanoi. Our enemies always whisper to each other that they
must use the other special weapons that is an "psychological warfare…"
that was why our hereditary foe, who had selected many Vietnamese
secret agents/spies to disguise themselves among all Khmer political
parties. Our enemies have been trying patiently to learn how to know
about Khmers' Attitudes and Weaknesses…for so long. Our enemies used
their sentences exactly and carefully in Vietnamese: Chia Re Di Cai
Tri, meaning "To Divide and rule".
Look! Our enemies, who were in disguise, had been waiting for so long
for a "good time" to come was to eliminate all Khmer political parties
step by step, until there was nearly nothing left over in Cambodia,
even the Khmer race are on the verge of extinction. Especially, even
the Khmer Rouge soldiers were secretly eliminated. That was a
mysterious event! If we didn't see it (The Killing Fields) with our
own eyes; perhaps, we didn't believe it! Look, on the Glorious 7th of
January 1979! After about two million Khmer people were mercilessly
killed; those who have survived through the Killing Fields of Angkar
Leu, are nearly "mad, absent-minded, motionless and frightful men."
Cambodia has automatically opened the doors for her enemies. Our
archenemies were walking as they were singing Ho Chi Minh's songs
merrily, to take control of the whole Cambodia in the eyes of the
public/ the world. Our Number-One Enemies have followed their rules:
"Losing the war in Cambodia, is to be the king (of Khmer); winning the
war in Cambodia will be a tycoon. Look, only yesterday! Our enemies
had played a trick with the Khmers who have lost the whole Kampuchea
Krom to them. Now Cambodia Kandal is sinking slowly into the same
enemies' grasps. Our enemies are so cunning to have concealed their
secret, vicious, and poisonous plans tactfully…etc.
At this stage, the whole Cambodia is virtually falling into our
archenemy's grasps, as for the Cambodian Government, who is the owners
of land, is still in a shambles, to seize the power only on a piece of
paper with no land. They (Sihanouk, Khieu Samphan and Son Sann) are
engaged to bite one another; no one knows exactly who is the enemy of
Khmer? No one knows exactly why Cambodia is in destruction…? Look,
Cambodian people are the owners of the land, who are still alive, so
frightened and shocked. For their lives, they have to risk leaving
their motherland to the enemy for the New World…etc.
Today Cambodia is no more than a shambles. The Kampuchean people have
been dismembered and crushed by the unbearable weight of an endless
war a few foreign powers are keeping alive…until the last Kampuchean
is dead. (XXXVII. William Shawcross. War and Hope).
Look, our enemy-Hanoi have been taking a good opportunity to learn
Khmer language since 1979, who are being naturalized as Khmer
citizenship; and those who have also used the Khmer names instead of
their Vietnamese names. Our enemies have made up the New Khmer Nation,
to convert continuously the Khmer nation into their "Vietnamization.
Even some international agencies try to discover and write to describe
about the strange events of Cambodia, but who wrote only the enemies'
two-faced activities, which they-foes have written in some of their
papers to divert the international / the world attention, to seal off
their war crimes against the humanity in Cambodia.
Many foreign journalists, authors/ writers and Khmer intellectuals
living overseas, who only knew and heard the rumors, whose articles
were being printed in the "News" and in the "Bulletins/ Newsletters",
to describe about the chain of events of Cambodia like riding a horse
in a horse stable, didn't illustrate…why the whole Cambodia is falling
into Hanoi's pawns? More than 2,000,000 Cambodian people were brutally
butchered, whose properties, and the State's assets, which in Cambodia
were taken away secretly by Angkar Le/Cap Tren to Vietnam by
boats/ships and trucks/GMG. That was a really mysterious, which is the
most destructive period of modern Cambodian history begun in the
summer of 1975 to the 1979.
Our archenemy's activities, who had a secretly well planned to
exterminate all Khmer race step by step; group by group; political
party by political party; village by village; and province by province
in sequence…etc., according to the exact time. Inside of Cambodia,
there was no documents/books to be recorded. Therefore, international
agencies, foreign journalists, authors/writers and pamphleteers have
discovered nothing about the "Truth". The archenemy of Khmer is so
cunning to announce deceitfully that their "friends are their enemies;
their enemies are their friends…etc." They invaded Cambodia happily,
who had used their political stratagem to scare off the Khmer people
to leave Cambodia for them, by collecting and stealing the Cambodian
Victims' properties and the state's assets, which were taken away by
Vietminh and Vietcong to Vietnam since 1975. But they announced to the
Cambodian Victims the greatest poof of their loyalty to Cambodian
people and its chief of state (no leader in Cambodia from 1975 to
1979), is the sacrifice of Vietnam's finest, hundreds of who have
already given their lives for Cambodia. Since, every day our soldiers
(Vietcong/NVA Bo Doi), far from their dear homeland and their beloved
families, fight and die on the sacred soil of our Khmer Brothers and
Sisters, side by side with them against our common enemies, to save
and liberate the country of Kampuchea. Oh, my Buddha! "It's like an
old Cambodian saying: an evil heart, [but] an angel's mouth", in
English, "Wolf in sheep's clothing. Our archenemy said sweetly that
they have already helped Cambodian people three times. It's
ridiculous!
I'd like to mention about Hanoi's tactful-criminal tricks, who has
tried every means, and all kinds of stratagems to exterminate the
Kampuchea Krom race in sequence. And then, they are starting o kill
Khmer Kandal race again in order to swallow up Kampuchea is to be
incorporated into an Indo-Chinese federation which a man, whose name
was "Nguyen Ai Coc" (pseudonym Ho Chi Minh), was the founder of
3/2/30. Before I will reveal the criminal and ferocious political
stratagem of Hanoi's, which the all Khmer Victims have already
received three times. Some of Cambodian Victims misunderstood/ or lack
of considering (short memory) instead of thanking the Vietminh and
then become Vietcong. I want to clearly express that Hanoi is gifted,
to invade its neighbors for many centuries. For example, in 1696,
after swallowing up Champa. The Vietnamese did not even rest
peacefully, who then started to commit aggression of Kampuchea Krom.
In those days, province by province of Kampuchea Krom, which had been
eaten up slowly by Hanoi's mouths until is erased on the Maps of the
World in 1840. Those provinces in the Khmer names, which were changed
into the Vietnamese names once and for all…they exercised brutally all
their powers and means to annihilate Kampuchea Krom race. From 1815 to
1820, by forcing Kampuchea Krom people to work so extremely hard was
to dig a long-53-km canal (Kinh Ta) from Moat Chruuk to Rongdamrey in
Kampuchea Krom (now known as "South Vietnam"). If any Khmer Krom
people weren't be able to work, the Yuon ordered to bury the Khmer
Victims alive; but to keep a three-head Khmer Victims above the ground
like a triangle-stove for making tea for On (Vietnamese high
officers). That's why today, there is still one phrase, "Be careful of
spilling Tae on…. Etc. By 1858, Kampuchea Krom and Vietnam had become
the French Colonialism/Colonialists then. Therefore, the French
Colonialism/Colonialists were a "Magic Brake", which could prevent
Vietnamese brutalities and tortures of Kampuchea Krom.
In 1877, there was a Yuon man, whose ambition was to exterminate
Kampuchea Krom race again, by forcing Kampuchea Krom people to speak
Vietnamese, and must wear "clothes", even Khmer Krom Buddhist monks
must wear yellow robes like Yuon/Vietnamese monks-all the same…Etc.
during that terror period, there was a Kampuchea Krom hero, who had
sacrificed his life to refuse the Vietnamese announcement, who was
called "Son Koy", to keep Kampuchea Krom's culture roots and
traditional lifestyles as the original of Kampuchea Krom ancestors
did. At that time, a French Gourverneur Superreur had sent a telegram
from Hanoi to protest that decisions, which was made by the world's
worst violators of human right, but it was too late for Mr. Son Koy
who was already guillotined by the brutal Yuon. Since then, all kinds
of tortures, which Kampuchea Krom had received from Yuon, were stopped
for a while. (Son Koy, who was the great-grand father of Son Sann)
After 50 years, there was a man, who was named "Nguyen Ai Coc",
(pseudonym Ho Chi Minh), had a strong political ambition of annexing
Kampuchea Krom and Khmer Kandal again, founded "Indochinese Communist
Party", on 3 February 1930. The first step was to sabotage the
imperialists and feudalists…So in 1945, Ngueyen Ai Coc/ Ho Chi Minh,
formed "A New United Front/Vietminh", which was dominated by Hanoi
leaders. In September 1945, Vietminh had an "political pretension", to
come help Cambodia struggle anti-French Colonialism/ Colonialists.
Vietminh hidden bases were in Mondulkiri and Rattanakiri-this was a
fairly nomadic population, planting burnbeat fields; Siem Reap, Koh
Kong, Kracheh, Battambang. . The largest bases were in Kompong Koul,
Kampong Speu, Kompot and Takeo in the southeast zones. The Vietminh
then began to learn and know every angle of the military-strategy
bases along the edge of forests in Cambodia. They know so well about
the geography of Cambodia.
made up by herself. Yuon-Vietminh made up this phrase to trap
everybody into their net/ trawl, or they-Vietminh diverted the eyes of
the world/UN. They didn't want to get themselves caught by the
International Court of Justice), which the Vietminh could divert the
world/UN and Cambodian Victims attention with a great success was that
they had sent a Vietnamese man, whose name "Nguyen Van Mien", by using
a false name of Kampuchea Krom as Son Ngoc Minh (called Achar Mien),
who was said to be the brother of Son Ngoc Thanh. Because
Yuon-Vietminh knew Kampuchea Krom people who loved and respected Son
Ngoc Thanh very much. As matter of fact, Angkar Leu/Cap Tren had
assigned Nguyen Van Mien rightfully to be a monk who was sent to
Cambodia, to hide himself as a disguised Cambodian monk living in Wat
Sam Pheouk-the outskirts of Phnom Penh. Son Ngoc Minh was in fact
trying to concentrate on Cambodian Buddhist Religion, and to learn
Khmer tradition and behaviour, which he wanted to act as a real Khmer
national.
Until he succeeded in doing so. In 1947, he went back to Kampuchea
Krom to quit from being a Buddhist Monk. Vietminh had appointed Son
Ngoc Minh as Phu Chu Tiep Ban Chap Hanh Cuu Quoc (the leader of
Kampuchea Krom) to show off his face clearly that Kampuchea Krom had
the same right with Vietminh who were in charge of liberating
Kampuchea Krom from French. From then on, Vietminh in the Travinh
province selected educated Kampuchea Krom people who were assigned to
some office jobs sequentially such as the Department of Information,
in which there were Son Phuot Rat as former lawyer, Lam Thai and Son
Ngoc Phuot. Son Ngoc Sour was in the secret-service office. Mr Thach
Than and Miss. Tien were in the Department of National Education.
Vietminh always had Kermess (public festival day). Vietminh always
told an artist to draw a Vietnamese girl and another one to put an arm
around Miss. Tien's shoulder with motto: Viet Mien Than Thien
"Friendship between Khmer and Yuon." This picture Vietminh displayed
on every Kermess. By October 1947, Vietminh had formed a "Secret Ad
Hoc Committee" to recruit both Khmer and Vietnamese boys-girls under
18 years old had to be sent to study in Peking. At first time, there
were 29 people-21 boys and two Vietnamese girls whose name were Le Thi
Soi, Nguyen Huong, 5 Kampuchea Krom boys and one girl was Miss Tien.
Before these 20 envoys set off to Peking, who had to go to learn in "a
lower-political-educational camp" that was built in the village Bac
Tan Srok Takoov the Travinh province. We all had to learn for four
months from 1 November 1947-27 February 1948. The all leaders were in
charge of teaching, whose names were Nguyen Van Tinh, was a real
Vietnamese in Prey Nokor, and other three teachers were also pure-real
Yuon in Hanoi.
To be continue => III
Thank Mtes ;-)
Visitor
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79?(beginning2)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:44 p.m.
Continued from beginning1:
In Vietminh's educational program and political conscience aims at
building a new mentality was that we were inspired by a highly
patriotic spirit was to imply total renunciation: renunciation of
material goods means no longer being attached to anything, house, wife
or children. Renunciation of personal attitudes primarily means
applying one's whole mind to one's mission or job without thinking of
oneself, and finding joy in being a docile tool in the hands of
Dong/party. To fulfil our duties for our Dong and our territory,
Vietminh taught us a particular principle, in which their political
enlightenment has enabled us to recognize our friends and identify our
enemies. An Hanoian teacher, whose name Ieng, was striving to imprint
a particular principle/doctrine (Kaul Chomhor) in our brain (29 of us)
every breakfast:
"Met/comrades Indo-Chinese People are Yuon-Khmer and Lao. Common
enemies of the Indo-Chinese People were Japanese and French. So we
Yuon-Khmer-Lao must strengthen our friendship ties perfectly under
leadership of Bac/ Uncle Ho, each of us must marry together, must give
up our racism. Our father is the only one is Bac Ho (Some of Khmers
were in doubt by asking, "Why did Vietminh force us to marry Yuon?"),
who has given up his own ends as an example, and who is the first
brilliant man, formed the "Indochinese Communist Party" on 9 February
1930". Bac Ho, whose aim was to annex the Three Countries of
Indochina, which would become "Immortal Forces". By expandig the
Indochinese Communist Party stronger in the eyes of the public, Bac Ho
had an formulated future plan that he had to sent five thousand Khmer
boys, and five thousand Khmer girls; five thousand Laotian boys, and
five thousand Laotian girls; ten thousand Vietnamese boys and ten
thousand Vietnamese girls to study in Peking-no limitation of study
was confirmed. Vietminh only confirmed that when those 40, 000 boys
and girls finished their studies had to come back to Indochina. Bac Ho
acknowledged perfectly those who would be the future-leaders of the
Indochinese Communist Party, which indefinitely had Bac Ho as an
chairman. The capital city had to be built up in the right Phum
Champuh Tea. Cambodian and Laotian boys and girls all must get married
with Vietnamese boys and girls flatly."
Hanoi now set in motion her own tyrannical plans to impose her own
aggressive conquest upon all Indochina that they are trying at best to
have Khmer and Lao was that they diverted the world and Cambodian
Victims attention like someone putting their hands to caress a ox's
back before putting a yoke on it. Because the Vietnamese husbands and
wives, who have a baby has to go to school learning only Vietnamese,
and whose teachers are purely Vietnamese. That's why half-blood Khmer
and Vietnamese of the next generation will become automatically
Vietnamese. Therefore, Kampuchea Krom parents would not let their
children get married with Vietnamese. When Yiey Tien had finished her
lower-level-political studies, Vietminh organised a School Festival
"Le-Be-Mac", having an order to address the "Friendship Ties" in
Vietnamese and Cambodian was Miss Tien. At the end of the "Le-Be-Mac",
each of us went up on tribune to raise their hands in order to make an
loyal oath: Firstly to thank and be faithful and bear true allegiance
to Bac Ho; Secondly willing to strengthen our particular
principle/doctrine (Kaul Chomhor) to think only of the collective
interests; Thirdly must hide all the secrecy which we have learned
from the political school. A chairman Thien stood up to make a clear
comment about Kaul Chomhor at the end of the festival: Our Party, at
first stage, must sabotage imperialists and feudalists that are
number-one foes. Vietminh tried to remind all of us about Kaul Chomhor
in some particular phrases forcing us to learn by heart:
a. "To Divide and Rule";
b. "To Win is to Rule, To Lose is to be a tycoon";
c. "To Kill a good man is better than keeping an enemy alive";
d. "To Dash their hopes, and then make them have high hopes again!";
e. "Where there is revolution taking place, there is a progress."
All of these phrase as above, which Vietminh have used in Cambodia to
exterminate Cambodians, and have ruled Cambodia as their own country,
but at the end of this 20th century, which has UN and international
organizations, help a weak country like Cambodia so that the powerful
countries cannot swallow up a weak one at their will. As one good
example in Russia, whose country is so powerful, but…collapsed! All
Vietnamese leaders have exercised all their political sways to uproot
Cambodian culture root and traditional religion-especially Buddhist
monks. Many Cambodian Victims like Kampuchea Krom people living in
overseas realized that the Vietnamese leaders of the twentieth century
retained the same base desire to annex Cambodia, as had their
forbears. Having just destroyed the French army in the superb
communist military victory at Dien Bien Phu and now free of the yokes
of foreign colonialists, Hanoi now set in motion her own evil secret
plans to impose her own aggressive conquest upon all Indochina. It
would take a long and bloody 25 years, but through single-minded and
tenacious grit, greed and constant deceit, Hanoi would eventually
extend her domain over three nations. Hanoi has perfectly sealed off
her secret-pogrom plans so far so good in the eyes of the world.
When the "Le-Be-Mac" was finished, Vietminh then held a secret meeting
at once to change those candidates' names. At that time, Pham Van Suu
came to the meeting too. He stood up to call Miss…as Ba Tien an
angel…whereas Miss…as normal (My real name is that I'd like not to
mention about). Ba is grandmother in Vietnamese, whereas Tien is also
in Vietnamese name is Yiey Tien. For example, Saloth Sar, in 1953,
joined to serve the Indochinese Communist Party immediately …Son Ngoc
Minh (called Achar Mien) gave him-pseudonym Pol Pot instead.
At night, on 28 February 1948, Vietminh organized a great party for 29
candidates. Eating meal as we were discussing in order to keep that
party going on. At that time, a Vietnamese Pham Van Suu, who was 25
years old, was an teacher of that school too, started to question in
order to enlighten particular plans…Ieng asked Ta Thien that Bac Ho
formed Indochinese Communist Party, "how could we solve the problems
between Kampuchea and Laos? Because these two countries are the
kingdoms". Ta Thien stood up with a great smile and mention about Bac
Ho's formulated future plans…But it's the most secret, which I have to
explain to you, "Who would be the last-ditched new leaders of
Indochina," the two kingdoms Bac Ho was secretly well planned. Bac Ho
already has sent secret Bo Doi into the bases in the jungles and
forests since 1945, by taking pretext that we are volunteer soldiers
to drive the French out of Indo-China…Taking a great opportunity, our
Bo Doi could learn and know every angle, the jungle, mountains and
many other geographies of the two kingdoms. Learning the
psychological, traditional behaviors and the weakness of the Cambodian
people who are in a very isolated forest region inhibited by members
of a tribe that have been somehow forgotten in Cambodia's march
towards modernization, especially the bandits and mountaineers and so
on. Sometimes our secret agents/spies tried patiently to teach Kaul
Chomhor to those victims who had been long exploited by Cambodia
monarch and mandarins, leaving them sullen, weary and injustices. Our
psychological agents had to incite, illustrate and comment about the
doctrine of purely, cleanly, just Indochinese Communist Party, tried
to find freedom for them who are the masters of their country…and so
on.
Whereas, in the city where Bac Ho has sent a wave of well-educated
agents such as: "Doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs to hide themselves
among the townspeople and the peasants in Cambodia as car-repairers,
bike-repairers, fishmongers, fruitsellers and many other professional
secret agents and …etc. they had all to learn to see the weakness of
every Cambodian political parties and milieu…What are the
Cambodian-officers and mandarins doing these days? We had to step our
feet carefully, when we had a good opportunity, we would stand up at
once to defeat them, acting accordingly with their weakness. We had to
know to cover up our secrecy. Now our Met/Comrades reported every
three month-nothing to be worried. Our number-one enemy was the French
who were the strongest foes, had enough weapons, but we were still
able to destroy them every time as we could. Our Party always has high
hopes. Our Party would be able to take a victory one day. But
we-Khmer-Laotian (words-Khmer and Laotian herein, which were newly
made up by Yuon, not Khmer-Lao who were the master of their country)
had to be united, putting arm round one's shoulder tightly when the
French were defeated, who had to retreat from Indochina. Lao-Khmer we
had to incorporate them into an Indochinese Communist Party-needed not
to waste a bullet or a soldier. We had to form New Khmer and Lao
instead of the old ones. We had to use the psychological weapons
because if Our Party made war against the Khmers, by using weapons and
forces, we could not defeat them. Because Khmers are, in fact, gentle
but if we fought with them in a battlefield. Khmers are tenacious and
tolerable in a hard time and in the hot weather and rainy season.
Therefore, Our Party had to use tactful tricks how to incite, divide,
flatter and deceive them according to their weakness, and then we
could take wondrous victory in our hands…Etc. At that time, Ieng
exclaimed, "It sounds too easy!" Ta Thien continued his comments in an
ignored manner: "Cambodian people Our Party acknowledged a baby-rabbit
like which always fell asleep like a log-not knowing the war. As for
the leaders of Cambodia we sent our secret agents/spies to have hidden
patiently under the armpits, trying to learn their weakness and then
we tried to instigate them into rebellion, by borrowing their hands to
kill each other one by one, and step by step. If the longer the war
between Cambodia and Vietnam continued the far better for us.
Subsequently, Our Party tried patiently to recruit Khmer boys and
girls who were sent to be trained in Peking as the future-cadre/leader
of New Cambodia…Etc.
I am optimist that Hanoi was indeed hell-bent over eventually
subjugating Cambodia. That was why during the war that in Cambodia
from 1970 to 1975, North Vietnam made our war because they wanted
Cambodians to kill Cambodians. Then, when there were no many of us
left in the country, they would come and took our country as they did
from 1979 until now. Cambodian educated men and many historians were
broodingly certain Hanoi would eventually move to conquer Cambodia,
either using the Khmer Rouge as pawns or else exterminating them all,
as they did it from 1975 to 1979, and so far. Look at Lao! There were
Laotian nationalists who could resist against the Vietnam. By now
Hanoi has established a very firm grip on them. In Laos, the 1973
Peace accord had ended its ten years civil war (the world was misled
that the war burning in Laos was the civil war. Hanoi's still covered
up tactfully her secret-evil plans for expanding control in both Laos
and Khmer. The world was still misled that the Vietnamese are helpers
of Cambodians and Laotians whose countries would be erased on the Maps
of the World in the near future, as the Vietnamese forebears promised
to annex Indochina as the Federal states-such as Laos, Khmer Kandal
and Kampuchea Krom (South Vietnam), leading to the establishment of a
coalition government in April 1974. The truce wasn't last long-about
one year until in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao backed by the VC/NVA
violated the cease-fire by attacking government positions 180 km north
of Vientiane. Hanoi Leaders have behaved deplorably who are the
world's worst violators of human right. They use tactfully their
phrase: "Fight-Fight, Talk-Talk". That is a way of tricking the
President Nixon and Prince Sihanouk.
Ta Thien was speaking as he was staring at Neang Tien and five other
Khmer youths that were the first candidates…with a great smile and
cheer. He mentioned that Our Party had to contact Thailand secretly.
We'd like Thai government to keep the secret-not to be involved with
Cambodian Yuon problems at all. Bac Ho had promised, when Yuon formed
an Indochinese Communist Party was succeeded once and for all, Yuon
would be grateful to Thailand was our Party would concede some Khmer
provinces to Siam, which were controlled by Siamese some years ago.
29 of us, who were sitting with an open mouth listening stupidly, with
the chopsticks on the dishes like a baby-rabbit which has just opened
their eyes, know nothing what Ta Thien mentioned, and the word
"Peking" was heard from then on. Neang Tien could not believe that Ta
Thien said to have sent Bo Doi to fulfil their mission in Cambodia. At
first, "Special Ad Hoc Committee" selected boys and girls who were
sent to Peking instead of Cambodia, by changing their secret plans.
Comrade-Le Thi Sung asked Ta Thien alarmingly, "Didn't Cambodian and
Laotian people have a hand to resist against Our Party?"
Ta Thien ignored, by scorning the Khmer and Laotian people, answering
that there would be nothing to be hard. But Our Party have to spend
more times, because Khmer and Laotian people who are zealous
Buddhists. As the people always are grateful to anyone who's done them
a lot of favors, as the kind and frank, honest people are quick
believers who trust in [someone] who's done them a great favor.
Therefore, we have to train our spies how to be patient; how to try to
gain favor or get in someone's good graces; how to surrender
themselves to the enemy…Etc. We have to use all the political sways to
make them (Cambodian-Laotian) dash their hopes, and then we make them
have high hopes again!" but anyone, who was a stubborn, could be very
dangerous to Our Party, we had to kill them at once, without delay!
The time was running short; Yuon Ieng asked the last question, "Does
Our Party has to lose many Bo Dois as well as the properties?"
"Cambodia and Lao, whose people and properties would be well-kept in
tact-nothing to be destroyed. The two people, are 90% by respecting
their kings and Buddhist religions, whose regimes we could not
overthrow, and then annexing their countries into an Indochinese
Communist Party which is the enemy of their kings and their Buddhist
religions! Its' ridiculous, it would not be too easy to do that!
A chairman Nguyen Van Thien as a teacher educating those candidates,
within Our Party, they know to use the stable-minded and find an
excuse to further explain he responded that where there is a
revolution, there is a progress. Our Bo Dois, who are the survivors,
had perfect experiences, techniques of war…Our Party had to recruit
more Bo Dois. Brothers had to train their little brothers from their
experiences. About the psychology, our comrades had learned for so
many years; we could know the behaviors of every Khmer political party
and milieu. We could extract a lesson to train our spies more and
more…Etc. we would lose one thing, [but] we could find five things was
that when we took a wonderful victory over Cambodia and Laos which
were incorporated into a Indochinese Communist Party was successful!
The properties of the two countries, which would belong to Our Party.
Do not think about that yet! Let them keep it for a while and so on!
Before the meeting ended, Yuon, whose name Ieng, reminded those 29
candidates that Our Party prohibited to get free married, when all
comrades had finished your studies had to come home. Cambodian and
Laotian had to get married with Vietnamese. "We all raise our hands to
make an loyal oath," At the end of that meeting, a chairman Ta Thien
pointed his fingers to Neang Tien to get up and show a piece of paper
to be read to those candidates who had to repeat after her. " we
promise to keep these secrecies to the end of our lives." Then Ieng
warned to all comrades who knew these secret plans, "if one of you are
double-crossed to escape from the communication lines. Our Party had
to search for you who had to be killed on the spot!"
On the morning of March 1 1948, Neang Tien asked for permission from
Ad Hoc Committee and friends to take a trip on feet to Phum Chang
Prey, Khum Pheouk Heung, to say good bye to her parents, uncles-aunts
and brothers-sisters and man other relatives of her that she was going
to Peking on 3 March 1948, to study political stratagem, which had to
be learned by heart that she dares not to tell anyone! When the time
came to say goodbye, her parents and her brothers and sisters embraced
her warmly crying (Neang Tien was at the age of 20 years old in those
days). Miss Tien respected and loved her father very much was because
of her father who was a very patient man to struggle so that she was
well educated. In those days, almost Kampuchea Krom daughters were not
allowed to learn anything. She remembers that she was the fourth
daughter of Ta Kim Vanna who was a layman arranged a ceremony in
Prateaksen Nikroot temple. He always carried his fourth daughter to
temple every holy day. At the age of 6-7, Neang Tien learned very well
about Dharma-the only ultimate reality, the ultimate real end (in
Buddhist theory); right, virtue, the order of things (by extension:
the order, the law in Buddhist doctrine); moral principles; nature;
duty; piety. In first day, she saw the boys reading a textbook (which
is made of Latania leaves which in the past hundred years the
authors/writers have written in the folk legend). Chau Banana Seath
which she listened very carefully (Chau means "grandchild"; Srateup
Chek means "Banana Seath", which is very famous among other Cambodian
folk legends).
When she was about to be separated from her parents, she remembers
bitterly that she felt sympathy for her father very much because he
wanted her to be educated until she was going to be separated from
them-hope not to see them again. Despairingly, she embraced him in
tears. Then words failed Ta Kim Vanna, who was worried, nearly lost
his mind, by speaking very little but the meaning was so important,
and then answered ignorantly, "Don't worry too much, Ah Tien when you
finished your studies, you still had to come and meet me!" Miss Tien
then felt very sorry for her father, screaming and forgetting the
secret words of a chairman Ta Thien, failing to hold her tongue
exclaiming "Oh, father! When finishing my studies, I could not see all
of you; especially I had to get married with Yuon. Mr Kieng In, who
was my arranged fiancé, I supposed that is the end!" Having heard the
word marrying with Yuon soon after like a bullet shot right into the
head of everyone. Parents, brothers-sisters and many other relatives
of hers, who were in unrest, closing their hands and gritting their
teeth angrily toward the Vietminh's unreasonable orders, were issued.
Therefore, Ta Vanna's families made up their mind at once to send
Neang Tien away from the liberated zone to take an adventure to Krang
Ta-vinh, where there were pro-French. At about 21 p.m., her second
brother then was walking her across a vast plain to Ba Trach village
to meet girl-Meung. He gave his sister to Meung and then he returned
to his Chang Prey village at once.
At about 24 p.m., Meung walked Neang Tien through Ba Trach temple and
then through a small plain-the east of Wat to Pnoo Ompoong village and
then she gave Neang Tien to Ta Chieh and Yiey keum, two of whom helped
Neang Tien continuing her trip to Om Bok Bey. At 2 a.m., Yiey-Ta, who
were very kind, directing Neang Tien through a vast plain, even though
they were very fatigue, they didn't even stop for a rest. Reaching Om
Bok Bey at 4 a.m., just as the villagers were about to leave carrying
the poultry, fishes, rice in a big bag and vegetables selling to
French partisans who were in Kompong Khteoung. Ta-Chieh and Yiey Keum
embraced Neang Tien in order to say farewell and then they returned to
their village in tears and sympathized for this poor girl. Neang Tien
had wandered around after the sellers to the Kompong Khteoung Post.
Upon her lonely trip, she was safe enough, then she crying as walking,
to remember to have a pity respectful Ta-Chieh and Yiey Keum with all
her heart when they left her. By chance, Neang Tien was stunned-no
word to say was the only tears that was that signal I had suffered so
painful in my heart.
At about 9, on March 2 1948, Neang Tien had to present herself to Chef
De convoy in order to ask for a lift to the Travinh province. That
Chef De convoi was a Vietnamese when he saw her, he starred at her
widely for a while. All of a sudden, he opened a book from one page to
the other one; he saw only the pictures of Neang Tien. A few moments
later, he asked her, "Would you like to go to the Travinh province?"
Neang Tien replied "Yes, I do." That Yuon signed on a ticket with a
free charge, which he handed to Neang Tien, by saying "I have to meet
you at 8 a.m. tomorrow morning at the terminal bus." At that night,
Neang Tien had to sleep on the ground which she had nothing to cover
her body, like many other travelers. She just knew that night only one
convoi running once a week. She was so happy for she came just in time
the convoi for going tomorrow (in those days, Vietminh came up to kill
the townspeople every night).
Early morning of 3 March 1948, there were 50 convoys along the road to
Travinh province. Neang Tien was rushed to find convoi to get in. Chef
De Convoi came and met her and then he showed her to the convoi who
she was on. Miss Tien had a comfortable place, had a good feeling to
thank to this mysterious and kind Yuon very much. The convoi had
arrived in Travinh at about 6pm, Neang Tien was too excited about her
safe trip. She got off quickly, walking about five steps, all of a
sudden a Vietnamese man in police uniform, who was about 27 years of
age, held her hand and then he was walking her to a jeep parking
nearby. And then, he ordered her to get in on the passenger's back
seat with a police pointing a gun at her. That jeep drove off along
the bank of a river then they turned off to give her up to that
office. Neang Tien was relieved as cotton, for instance like a boat
sunk in the river, being worried, nearly falls down in a faint.
Suddenly having heard speaking in Khmer: " I could not believe at all
that there was a Khmer girl as a leader of Vietminh!" Neang Tien
opened her eyes widely to look around to that voice, she saw a man,
about 34, was a strong built, tall, curly hair and long face, keen
eyes, a very sharp-pointed nose and sambao Khmer (=color).
Neang Tien then embraced that stranger and moaned "Brother Ba!" Three
of whom very surprised to have seen such a strange manner. Kampuchea
Krom boys and girls from over 15, in those days, would not be allowed
to hug together, had a very strict discipline, even speaking would not
be allowed in a secret place. After having heard Neang Tien called
"Brother Ba", only then they knew it was Ngan Thi Ba (Thi= girl so
Ngan Thi Ba was a girl). Ngan Thi Ba was a half-boy and half-girl, who
started wearing dress like a girl, when she was small, had lived and
played sport. Since 1940, Neang Tien came to study in the town of
Ta-Vinh, had meal, slept on bed, and living in house with Ngan Thi Ba
in this Mray Village. In 1946, the Department of educational sent
Neang Tien as a teacher in Srok Ta-Vinh, since then we had never seen
each other again but we had met this time by chance.
Neang Tien held Ngan Thi Ba's hand tightly, crying as asking, "Ba,
what are you doing today?" Ba answered, "I was a Sergeant Chef as an
Interpreter in Phum Mray Post." When Neang Tien heard he was a
sergeant chef, she released his hand, stood gaping and thinking about
herself "Ah, what a stupid fool I am here!" Hugging a man in an
open-space in front of her uncle and chief was to lose all women's
rules. She was quite embarrassed, went to embrace her uncle instead,
by crying and asking for forgiveness that she be badly behaved. Thach
Ty Hung held his niece's hand and Ngan Thi Ba's left hand and then he
said: "That was good that we could tackle the problem for Miss Tien
easily. Miss Tien just has hugged Ngan Thi Ba a moment ago-that wasn't
a serious crime. Now I must decide immediately is at dusk-no one can
see us. Ah Tien has to sleep in the Post but at dawn Ngan Thi Ba has
to send Ah Tien immediately out of the Post to Thom Pao Seth's house
before the villagers get up. What do you-Ngan Thi Ba think of my
view?" Then Ngan Thi Ba embraced Thach Ty Hung lovingly and cheerfully
to say: "I am willing to support Ah Tien all the ways as I possibly
can."
In May 1948, Mr Pan Lao had appointed Neang Tien as a teacher again
teaching Kampuchea Krom students in French+Khmer at Ecole Primaire
Complementaire Franco Indochina Mixte Chef Lieu De Tra-vinh. As for
Vietminh were very angry, should not make such a mistake. They were
very frustrated toward a person, who they trusted to tell about the
Party's secret plans, was double-crossed, and ran away from the
Party's communication lines. So they tried to search and kill a
traitor of the Party as an example if he/she was caught. Since Miss
Tien had escaped from the liberated zone, her parents did not have
enough time to cultivate rice in a field at all because Vietminh
always invited Ta-Yiey to stand and watch when Vietminh started to
kill a Kampuchea Krom innocence man who was accused of being the
traitor. Sometimes, the killings were held in a football field nearby
the house, and sometimes the killings held in a remote area-two days
and two nights' long walk. After finished the killings, Vietminh
always threatened Tien's parents to death that if Ta and Yiey could
find abdication bring Tien back to Chieu Khu in a short time, you
would be pardoned. But be careful, if the Department of Intelligence
caught her, Our Party would kill her so that every body can watch as
an example. The word "threatening" was seen by the public eyes very
often, cutting a human head left virtually on the victims' shoulder.
Ta-Yiey were extremely frightened, who had asked a Buddhist monk whose
name Lam Reoung (Lam Reoung is in USA now) to take two letters to Mr
Thach Ty Hung. In the first letter telling their daughter:
"You-daughter have to run away quickly to Kampuchea Kandal". The
second ones was handed to Mr Thach Ty Hung, with Kieng In's address,
was an arranged fiancé of their daughter. After receiving a letter,
Thach Ty Hung sent a telegram to Kieng In by telling that Ah Tien whom
just has escaped from the Vietminh. Four days later, Surete Federal in
Prey Nokor sent a telegram back to Thach Ty Hung. Kieng In volunteered
to change his position to Battambang Surete Federal in Kampuchea.
Thach Ty Hung sent more telegrams to him on April 5 1948 was the right
time Kieng In was sitting, having marriage ceremony with Vietnamese
girl-Huu Kim Dong at Ho Thach's house the north of Wat in Sangkat
Battambang.
Kieng In, one of the Kampuchea Krom sons, had no heart to get married
with Vietnamese girl at all, who didn't have any intention to abandon
Miss Tien as his Kampuchea Krom arranged fiancée! The reason in 1947,
Miss Tien was arrested by Vietminh, while Kieng In was working in Prey
Nokor. He asked for a permission to go to the Travinh province to find
Miss Tien. He had been waiting for ages to get news from her but in
vain. At last, he met Mr Kim Cheak who fled to Travinh, just shook his
head to Kieng In to be confirmed: "In, no hope at all because the
civil servants who escaped from the Post with me to Travinh, only
except one French Chef de Poste, besides that all of whom were killed
on spot by Vietminh. As for Ah Tien was seen to get her caught at the
right head of the first bridge". Therefore, Kieng In was in despair
had to go back to Surete Federal in Prey Nokor. The French government
needed a person who could speak three languages-Khmer- Yuon and French
to work in Surete federal at Battambang. He was a volunteer to go
Kampuchea happily.
On April 5 1948, while he was getting married with a Vietnamese girl,
soon after he had a telegram: "Ah Tien, who was your arranged fiancée,
was still alive, went back to Travinh." Kieng In was so worried and
moaned, "Oh, my Buddha! It was too late, what can I do, then?" After
three months of his wedding, he had received a first letter of his
arranged fiancée, which was written by Miss Tien's own hand to him. In
those days, no girl dare write a letter to her fiancé at all. In that
letter was to tell about her hardship for more than 19 months. Today,
I have no hope at all. Because if I made a terrible mistake, Vietminh
would arrest and kill me in agony…etc. when he finished reading that
letter, he was so frustrated and eager to ask for a permission to take
a trip immediately to Tra-vinh. Before he left for Travinh, had asked
French man to help hire a small room for Miss Tien to stay for the
present.
On July 17 1948, at about 12 Mr Kieng In had arrived in Thom
Pao-Seth's house in the Mray Village, in the north of Krang Travinh.
That day, Miss Tien was engaged to contribute the awards to Cambodian
students during the school's holiday. 13 P.M., when she got home,
walking through the sitting room to her bedroom. All of a sudden, she
was so shaky like someone being afraid of a ghost haunting, because
seeing a big built, tall man like Tarzan, who was so black, had
straight hair, round face, wearing a soldier's uniform with bushy
beard grinning at her, showing off his snow-white teeth, she had never
known and seen before, sitting in the sitting room. Suddenly she had a
strange feeling; "Gee, if I had such a husband, I would rather die."
After changing her dress, she went into the kitchen room for lunch.
Suddenly, Yiey Sam walked to touch her shoulder and said: "Ah! Ah
Tien, today I have cooked the food for a special guest and a few
friends of mine, including Ngan Thi Ba too. Miss Tien gazed directly
into Thom Sam's face with the eyes open widely and asking: "Who is
that special guest?" Thom Sam starred at her for a while and answered:
"Kieng In!" Miss Tien opened her eyes widely by answering jokingly
"That black man!" Thom Sam opened her eyes wider to answer funnily:
"Yes!" Miss Tien was in tears running down her face, sitting by the
stove.
In the meantime, Thom (in Cambodian "Big" here is to address to a
lady/gentle man which is very polite way to use in Cambodia) was
receiving her guests in her house. Everybody so happy to see each
other who thought Miss Tien would be safe on the way to Kampuchea. 16
p.m., at the same time, after having meal, everybody left. Because at
17 p.m., the State's curfew. Kieng In thanks to his uncle, Pan Lao and
Thom Pao's family, and especially thanks to Ngan Thi Ba to confirm: "I
and Miss Tien have to set off by tomorrow, at 15 by convoi. If we
failed by tomorrow, had to wait for another week." At 13, on July 18
1948, everybody had gathered in Thom Pao Seth's house to say goodbye
to Kieng In and Miss Tien, but Miss Tien had disappeared unexpectedly.
Thach Ty Hung was rushing back and forth to find his niece. Then, Thom
Pao Seth whispered to Thach Ty Hung about Ah Tien not loving Kieng In.
soon after Thach Ty Hung knew this, his hair stood right up and
whispered to Thom Pao Seth's ear: "What could we do then?" Kieng In,
who was a arranged fiancé according to our ancestral tradition, had
risked his life to cross the river through the fighting/bullets to
save Ah Tien.
When Yiey Tien had finished her lower-level-political studies,
Vietminh organised a School Festival "Le-Be-Mac", having an order to
address the "Friendship Ties" in Vietnamese and Cambodian was Miss
Tien. At the end of the "Le-Be-Mac", each of us went up on tribune to
raise their hands in order to make an loyal oath: Firstly to thank and
be faithful and bear true allegiance to Bac Ho; Secondly willing to
strengthen our particular principle/doctrine (Kaul Chomhor) to think
only of the collective interests; Thirdly must hide all the secrecy
which we have learned from the political school. A chairman Thien
stood up to make a clear comment about Kaul Chomhor at the end of the
festival: Our Party, at first stage, must sabotage imperialists and
feudalists that are number-one foes. Vietminh tried to remind all of
us about Kaul Chomhor in some particular phrases forcing us to learn
by heart:
a. "To Divide and Rule";
b. "To Win is to Rule, To Lose is to be a tycoon";
c. "To Kill a good man is better than keeping an enemy alive";
d. "To Dash their hopes, and then make them have high hopes again!";
e. "Where there is revolution taking place, there is a progress."
To be continue => IV
Visitor
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79?(Beginning3)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:41 p.m.
To be continue => V
Visitor
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79?(Part0)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:31 p.m.
Continued from Intro:
In the meantime, Thom (in Cambodian "Big" here is to address to a
lady/gentle man which is very polite way to use in Cambodia) was
receiving her guests in her house. Everybody so happy to see each
other who thought Miss Tien would be safe on the way to Kampuchea. 16
p.m., at the same time, after having meal, everybody left. Because at
17 p.m., the State's curfew. Kieng In thanks to his uncle, Pan Lao and
Thom Pao's family, and especially thanks to Ngan Thi Ba to confirm: "I
and Miss Tien have to set off by tomorrow, at 15 by convoi. If we
failed by tomorrow, had to wait for another week." At 13, on July 18
1948, everybody had gathered in Thom Pao Seth's house to say goodbye
to Kieng In and Miss Tien, but Miss Tien had disappeared unexpectedly.
Thach Ty Hung was rushing back and forth to find his niece. Then, Thom
Pao Seth whispered to Thach Ty Hung about Ah Tien not loving Kieng In.
soon after Thach Ty Hung knew this, his hair stood right up and
whispered to Thom Pao Seth's ear: "What could we do then?" Kieng In,
who was a arranged fiancé according to our ancestral tradition, had
risked his life to cross the river through the fighting/bullets to
save Ah Tien.
Eagerly, Thach Ty Hung was looking for his niece for a long hour, but
he found her hiding in a bathroom. He explained to her about the
danger, if the Vietminh caught her who could be killed on the spot.
Therefore, she had to run away from Kampuchea Krom. Then a ship gave a
horn as first signal. Uncle Hung carried his poor niece's hand out of
the bathroom to Pao Lao who caressed her head expressing the sympathy
for her and then handed some letters, and a permission to her by
explaining that when you-Tien got to Battambang, you have to write to
Mineducanale in Prey Nokor to resign from being a teacher. Kieng In
walked straight to ask her that it was time for us to leave. Miss Tien
raised her hands joining together in the highly elegant gesture of
Khmer courtesy to say goodbye and thank to everybody. And then she
went to kiss Yiey Sam and embraced Ngan Thi Ba who was poor friend
since we were childhood. A ship then gave a second signal to warn that
they are about to leave, and off we go.
When the convoy came through Colao-Co Cheu, turned left to the Cantho
province. All of a sudden, Vietminh ambushed firing like popcorn to
all French soldiers who bent down. As for Miss Tien, who still stood
up, thought if she was killed now, may be safe for her. But there was
no danger to us-the passengers because of another barge, which was
loaded with rice, was running slowly. On the waterway of the Mekong,
Bo Dois often ambushed firing at the convoys extremely heavily. But at
that time, Bo Dois had only Muosquetoir; they could not shoot a convoy
to sink. Now and then French soldiers fired back with Rafale
Mitrailleuse to Bo Dois who were killed on the spot. On 3rd, at about
11 the convoy arrived in Cantho, Chef De Convoi ordered soldiers and
all passengers to go onto a dock. We all went by train instead, to
reduce the weight of the convoy, which had to carry the rice to Prey
Nokor. Kieng In walked Miss Tien to the railway station, while French
soldiers were on the train, which left Cantho for the Prey Nokor
immediately. At the same day, about 17 Kieng In and Miss Tien got to
Prey Nokor safely. Kieng In walked Miss Tien to Khmer Wat
Chantaraingsey to leave her with nuns. As to him, had to go and
contact a convoi to continue our trip to Phnom Penh.
About 10, on July 30 1948, he came to take Miss Tien out of the Wat to
a convoy-about 500m away from Wat. He introduced Miss Tien to Chef De
Convoy who was a French man, by telling a lie that she was his cousin
who was an orphan. Kieng In brought her to Phnom Penh for continuing
her studies. So Chef De Convoy accepted her reluctantly. He ordered
Miss Tien to dress up as a soldier because this convoy was for only
the soldiers-not for the civilians. When the convoy arrived at the
head of the Monivong Bridge. Khmer PM who was on guard duty, checked
on every convoy, suddenly found Miss Tien who was called to get off
the convoy. She then was walked to Poste De Guarde. At that time, Chef
De Convoi, Kieng In had been waiting for Miss Tien on the side of the
road, eating their bread happily, for they didn't bother about that
guard who was thought to be the same Khmer. But on the contrary, that
big brother (guard) didn't question her for anything, who put her in a
custody, by taking a pretext of accusing her of being Vietnamese spy
crossed into the Cambodian territory illegally (Miss Tien was kept in
a custody for his pleasure sexual assaults). In such a danger, Kieng
In was so shocked to ask Chef De Convoi to stand surety for Miss Tien
as a French temporary husband. At that time, they had a bitter
argument for a good while, only then Miss Tien was set free from the
custody. Some people asked: "Why is that big Khmer brother so
black-hearted?" Answered: "Because Khmer mandarins, officials and
ministers, for a century, who slept and ate well, enjoyed their lives,
had never been oppressed by other nations, were short of political
education and consciousness. Some used to have long exploited their
own people, who had only an ambition of seizing power to be a top man
or a tycoon. They don't care about the suffering of Kampuchea Krom
people who have been oppressed by Yuon who are trying to exterminate
and disperse them all…Etc."
After all, Miss Tien and Kieng In went to find a place to stay. At 20
the same day, Kieng In walked Miss Tien to Di Vinh Tri's house, while
having meal. All of a sudden, he heard knocking at the door, got up
and went to open it. Oh! By seeing Kieng In with Miss Tien behind.
This young boy was so frightened in rush, had no word to ask. Because
Kieng In just stayed overnight at his house. Early morning, he left
Tri's house for Travinh. So Tri didn't see him for more than two
weeks. He was so surprised to see Kieng In in again safely. Before he
left, he caressed Tri's head telling him: "I brought Miss Tien to be
your wife." Tri thought Kieng In was joking. One evening, Kieng In
walked Tri to meet Miss Tien. Both of who carried a few packs of food
leaving on the floor of the sitting room. Tri went in to get him
bathed instead, who didn't care about anything. Kieng In walked into
Miss Tien's room to tell her to prepare dinner. Miss Tien went out of
her room into the sitting room to open those packs of food left on the
small mat. Kieng In then made the young boy Tri to drink a lot of
beer, was 17, drunk and made endless speaking. Tri then tapped Kieng
In on the shoulder by complaining him, "You-In are naughty man, you
are already married. For what reason caused you to bring Sister-Tien
here?" At that time, In looked so pale on his lip-no response. Miss
Tien asked Tri: "Is it true?" Di Vinh Tri stayed quiet. Kieng In
looked at Miss Tien widely to see her expressing of strange manner,
surprisingly and smiling expression on her face . He extremely
wondered, because on the trip with her more than half month ago
through the battlefield, crossing the river, getting on and off the
convoy/train, never seen her smiling, never heard her question. He
dares not to look at Miss Tien any more! When Neang Tien was safe in
Cambodia, she looked back to her parents in Kampuchea Krom. Her father
was brutally beheaded by Vietcong because he refused to hand Neang
Tien over to them. Vietcong beheaded her father in the eyes of public
to warn to Kampuchea Krom people not to follow Neang Tien's example.
Because Neang Tien knew too much about their dirty-secret genocidal
plans against Cambodians.
Simon Ross's "The Subjugation of Cambodia" [.15], written in 1983: By
now Son Ngoc Thanh and his free Cambodians had developed a very strong
groundswell of popular support in Cambodia. The Vietminh attempted to
cash in on this and ride to power in Phnom Penh on the backs of the
Khmer Issaraks (Free Cambodians). Firstly, the communists boosted a
previously unknown leader called Son Ngoc Minh (called Achar Mien), an
obvious attempt to persuade Khmers that this newcomers was a close
relative of the popular Son Ngoc Thanh. And as the free Cambodians had
just formed a "Committee of National Liberation", so the communists
created a "Committee for the Liberation of the Cambodian people".
Another Cambodian expert, Father Francois Ponchaud, speaks Khmer very
fluently, and knows a lot of Cambodian Histories than other Cambodian
historians. I heard his voice on the Radio 3EA, interviewed with Um
Narong in Khmer language in late 1991. But he also didn't know much
about Hanoi's dirty-secret-genocidal plans of Khmer race, has given us
more information about the "Mysterious Son Ngoc Thanh": in 1950, while
the Khmer students in Paris were beginning to develop their ideas, the
largely unknown Khmer revolutionaries from Cochin China founded the
"United National Front" led by the mysterious Son Ngoc Minh-pseudonym
of a chief who was said the to be the brother of much-loved Son Ngoc
Thanh. The Front's prime objective was to assist Vietnam in its
national liberation struggle against France. These "Khmer-Vietminhs",
as they were called, sought to destroy France's economic and financial
holdings in Cambodia and sabotage communications within Indochina. The
Front received very little support from the Khmers in Cambodia, who
had small knowledge of political issues, and they endured the war of
decolonization rather than taking any active part in it-to them, it
was a Vietnamese affairs.
Father François Ponchaud also emphasized: the origins of the Khmer
Communist Party that is now running Kampuchea date from the
anti-colonialists struggle against the French. Ho Chi Minh, whose aim
was to get France out of Indochina and set up a socialist regime
there, founded the "Indochinese Communist Party" on 3 February 1930.
It was joined by a newly formed Cambodian section composed solely of
Vietnamese and Chinese nationals living in Cambodia, who could exert
no profound influence upon the Khmeduring the first Indo-Chinese war.
The Khmers in Cochin China had always been fiercely political,
detached from their motherland since the eighteen century; they lived
under the dominion of the Vietnamese, shielded by France. Their Khmer
honor suffered from this, and from early childhood they had to defend
themselves against the Vietnamese in order to preserve their own
culture. "Ever since we were children," one of them says, "We were
taught to hate the monarchy because it was the monarchy's fault that
we had lost our Khmer identity."
Then, Nguyen Van Mien/ Son Ngoc Minh cooperated with Tou Samouth
(nickname, Achar Sok) as the chairmen of Committees of the National
United Front. Therefore, on 19 June 1951, the United National Front of
Kampuchea was led by a masquerade-Achar Mien/ Son Ngoc Minh, which is
today known as "Cambodian People's Revolutionary Party/ Pracheachon.
Vietcong cadres seized the opportunity to push the people into open
rebellion. NVA/Vietcong, by taking advantage of the confusion that
followed Prince Sihanouk's deposition, invaded two-thirds of Cambodia,
where they were hiding, to wait for the right time to come to achieve
their long-time dream of forming "Indo-Chinese federation, which was
led by the machine of Hanoi. In the countryside, they got Sihanouk's
good graces for their sanctuaries to liberate South Vietnam. In 1965,
South Vietnamese had a good blessing from American intervention.
Meanwhile, more and more Vietcong/NVAs were sent deeper and deeper
into the countryside. In 1970, 20,000 Vietcong/NVAs flooded into all
over Cambodian territory; those who have had every good experiences of
war, and know Cambodian geography far better than the Cambodian
people. Lon Nol claimed that they had between 35,000 and 40,000 troops
in the country. He published maps of their bases and supply lines, and
he pointed out that their spread was due to flooding and to "the
operation-pressures exerted by their adversary," "that is, to clearly
operations by American and South Vietnam troops."
William Shawcross, in "Sideshow", who provided us more clearly
evidences that: In February 1970, Lon Nol called a meeting of
provincial governors in Phnom Penh to discuss the Vietnamese
situation. Apparently, the governors painted a dismal picture of the
high-handed manner in the Vietcong and North Vietnamese were behaving
in several provinces. Lon Nol then closed Sihanoukville to communist
supplies and shipments as Sihanouk had done for a time in the spring
of 1969. A report on communist infiltration, designed to stir up
public anger, was presented to the Assembly; there were now alleged to
be 60,000 communist troops in the country-20, 000 more than Lon Nol
had estimated in September.
Lon Nol had only 27, 000 FANK troops in the country. That's why there
was a coup d'etat of 13 March 1970, to have removed Sihanouk as a Head
of State. Lon Nol had to receive a broken stone (Scapegoat), which was
the old totalitarian-corrupt regime of Sihanouk automatically left to
him. During that period, we were very negligent to let the flood
rising over our roofs and then we all started to swim confusingly to
find a shelter, but we then were all drowned slowly to the "pawns of
Death". Khieu Samphan and Khmer communists were in a horrified emotion
to sign of supporting Sihanouk on March 26, 1970. From the outset of
Cambodian crisis, China decided to back Prince Sihanouk all the ways,
and welcomed him in Peking on 19 March 1970 with all the honors
accorded to a Chief of State. On 25 March 1970, Chou en-Lai urged him
and Pham van Dong, North Vietnamese Minister of Foreign Affairs, to
form a "United Front of the Three Indo-Chinese Peoples"; this led to
the canton Conference, held on 24 and 25 April, over which Chou En-Lai
came to preside over in person. At that time, Prince Sihanouk, Prince
Souphanouvong (Laos), Pham van Dong (North Vietnam) and Nguyen Huu Tho
(South Vietnam NLF) decided to join forces at military and diplomatic
levels in order to drive the American imperialists out of Indo-China.
At that time, these incidences were so confused in Cambodia, which was
like bringing thousands and thousands of fuel to pour onto the
flame/inferno was on fire. That was a really disaster of Cambodia, was
that hundreds of thousands of Vietcong/NVAs who were still hiding in
the Cambodian jungles preparing for war, taking Khmer communists' name
and Sihanouk's. And, in the countryside, the Vietcong/NVAs wore badges
representing the deposed prince, whom they swore to restore to power.
Armed with taped-recorders, they played tapes of the prince's call to
rebellion that had been broadcast over radio Peking. The peasants wept
with joy and greeted the Vietnamese as their liberators. Provincial
administrations either went over to the revolutionaries or fled. The
civil servants, schoolteachers and students, who were blamed for the
prince's deposition, were hunted down and executed by Lon Nol's secret
police.
Vietcong/NVAs further declared:
From 1970 to 1973, pro-Sihanoukists were fighting against pro-Lon
Nolists. They bursted with joyfulness and shouted in the name of
Sihanouk to instigate the poor peasants and workers to hate corrupt
Lon Nol regime, and to restore Sihanouk to power. In the United
States, the President Nixon didn't know much about Vietnamese
tricks/circuses. He authorized the American-South Vietnamese forces to
launch a clean-up operation extending forty kilometers inside
Cambodian territory and lasting from 30 April to June 30 1970.
Therefore, as a Cambodian old saying; "The Giant [US] received a
blessing from the Shiva (Vietnamese)". Both North and South Vietnamese
are so extremely tricky, taking advantage of this official blessing on
an incursion into Khmer territory to avenge and overavenge their
compatriots who had been massacred by Lon Nol's men the month before;
their savagery drove a large number of Cambodian peasants over to the
Khmer communists who were in the jungles with Vietcong/NVAs leaders.
And, Nguyen van Thieu's savage horde Cambodia came to invade, pillage,
burn, ruin, destroy Cambodia, and to rob, torture, rape and murder
Cambodians. That was the high price Nguyen Van Thieu's Government made
Cambodia pay in exchange for the military protection it provided the
faltering Khmer Republic.
Thieu's army assumed the right to ship all it wanted of the
Cambodians' cattle, buffaloes, cars, machines…Etc., back effectively
to South Vietnam. It went so far as to send giant helicopters to
scavenge in Khmer territory. Equipped with hooks and steel cables,
they lifted cars (private property) and industrial equipment. Thieu's
troops also ransacked several Buddhist pagodas in the countryside.
After the agreements concluded with North Vietnam on January 27, 1973,
America undertook to restore peace in Cambodia by detaching the Khmer
Rouge from Sihanouk and launching the idea of a coalition government
to be formed after negotiation with all political parties. The
president Nixon authorized the US Airforce to drop 40,000 tons of
bombs on Cambodia between 7 March and 15 August 1973 every month,
causing the deaths of 200,000 persons.
Ray Bonds, in [The Vietnam War], provided us a good example that, on 3
May, American forces entered Mimot; on 5-13 May 1970, Snuol was
occupied. Two days later, US troops discovered a vast bunker
complex-nicknamed "The City"- in nearby jungle. Intelligence analysts
later determined that the complex was the supply depot for 7th North
Vietnamese Division. It contained some 182 large storage bunkers-most
of them full of clothing, food, medical supplies, weapons and
ammunition-as well as 18 mess halls, barracks, training and classroom
facilities, and a small farm. Items captured included 1,282 individual
and 202 crew-served weapons; more than 1.5 million rounds of small
arms ammunition; 58.000 lbs. (26, 300 kg) of plastic explosive; 22
cases of anti-personnel mines; 30 short tons (26.8 tons; 27.2 tonnes)
of rice; and 16, 000 lbs. (7, 260 kg) of corn; 1, 100 lbs. (500 kg) of
salt. This was only part of the material uncovered in the sweep: many
smaller supply dumps were later found elsewhere, some reserved for
such equipment as automotive parts and communication gear. The
searchers located more than 300 vehicles-mostly trucks, but including
a Porsche sport-car and Mercedes Benz sedan. But no trace was found of
COSVAN, the Vietcong headquarters reputed to consist of 2, 400
personnel, and most of the Vietcong were able to escape west through
the jungle into more remote Cambodian sanctuaries.
The Cambodian survivors who were living along the Vietnamese-Cambodian
Border, many of whom had no shelter/quarter, were short of everything.
If they went to live in the provincial towns, who would be starved to
death. So they had to adventure with their families in the jungles to
join the forces with the Khmer Rouge. "Who were the Khmer Rouge,
then?" Yiey Tien asked herself in an alarming voice. A proverb goes:
out of frying pan into the fire. At this time, the Vc who took a great
interest of those unlucky-poor Khmer Victims to be recruited as
(Youtheas) soldiers. The Vc/NVAs stood successfully in queue to
welcome those newcomers of Khmer Victims happily, by instigating them
to take revenge against the imperialists. Thousands of young men
enlisted enthusiastically, eager to fight the enemy, but those who
were inspired loyalty by the Vc to fight against their Khmer Brothers
and Sisters). Those newly recruited Cambodian elite was out touch with
reality. However, they were misled to stop supporting the Lon Nol
Government soon after, and they swore to avenge to their dead by
Vietcong's political stratagem and instigation. r people. The first
Cambodian revolutionaries made their appearance in the Khmer minority
in Cochin China,
Vietcong/NVAs assigned those newly recruited Khmer Rouge Youtheas into
3 groups: the first group of young Youtheas, age between 9-13 years
old, called "Krom Trey Kanchoh" (the name of a small fish with two
barbs or whiskers), whose leaders were all former bandits, or
barbarians-lack of fundamental race of human decency; " second group
of youth-volunteers" were willingly to destroy the Lon Nol Government,
to restore Samdech Sihanouk to power (this 2nd group had 40, 000
Youth-Volunteers); the third ones " Group Loyalty to Vietcong", that
they must sabotage the feudalists and imperialists ( not knowing how
many in this group, who were taken away by the Vc into a secret
place.)
Khmer children should know and must not forget about Hanoi's
Criminal-political stratagem! Angkar and Hanoi came from the only one
source. By the end of 1973, there was a party at a new Prime Minister
Pan Sithi's house. Yiey Tien, was also invited to that party, who had
a good opportunity to tell every one about Ho Chi Minh's pre planned
of expanding control in Cambodia that will be incorporated into an
Indochinese Communist Party. Pan Sithi then laughed at her like a
monkey's face and then he responded that Vietcong was in difficulty of
finding food to eat; what could they do to us? There were 15 guests at
that occasion that sat round the table starring at her widely. But no
one questioned or answered her anything. A moment later, an
officer-Neuv Tal, who looked at her by saying that, "we-Khmer should
be careful of that, because it could be happened as Mrs. Tien said
so."
"Look, Bo Dois, who are the fanatics of Indochinese Communist Party at
the first phase, must destroy the feudalists and imperialists. How
come could they sacrifice their lives on sacred soil of Cambodia to
help Sihanouk?" Yiey Tien exclaimed in despairing voice. Pan Sithi
then shrugged his shoulder by asserting that our secret agents
reported that Bo Dois all retreated from Cambodia…
"Who was the Angkar Leu?" asked Yiey Tien. "By the end of the 1973,
the Vietcong thought of the 2nd group Khmer Rouge Youtheas were strong
enough to hold their own against Lon Nol. The North Vietnamese combat
divisions were withdrawn from Cambodia for the offensive in South
Vietnam in a sham. The VC pretended to go home-Vietnam by saying
goodbye to those poor, uneducated Khmer Rouge Youtheas. Before they
retreated from Cambodia combat, they had sent a disguised group of
real Vietnamese to lead those Khmer Rouge Youtheas for them. Those
disguised Khmers were purely 100% of Vietnamese men, who used to
living in Cambodia, learned very well about both Khmer lecture and
language in school in Phnom Penh, were forcibly repatriated back to
Vietnam from 1970 to 1971, were barbarian vindicators willing to come
back to Cambodia, take revenge against the Cambodian students who
staged anti-Vietnamese in 1970. Those Vietnamese men had changed their
Vietnamese names to Cambodian ones…(Like Duk, whose real name was
"Duc" in Vietnamese, was the Chief of prison of Tuol Sleng.)
Vietcong withdrew at this time to have hid her faces in the jungle of
Cambodian territory, to be waiting to see the stupidity of the Khmers
to kill each other. Some times, the leaders of the 2nd group of
"Yuveachan-Smak Chet/ Volunteer Soldiers" had to go into the jungle to
get ultimate order from Vietcong. They-leaders always told those
Yuveachan Smak-Chet a lie that they had to go to learn from Angkar
Leu…" Aha, Yiey Tien exclaimed, Khmer Brothers and Sisters! "Angkar
Leu was born since then!" These words Yuon-Vietcong had used for
threatening and exterminating Kampuchea Krom people since 1945, in
Vietnamese language " Cap Tren," in English "An Anonymous Higher
Organisation," in Cambodian "Angkar Leu," which was revealed by
Hanoi's secret-political stratagem to help Khmers two times.
International political analysts, CIA officers and many other foreign
journalists had all false information about Vietnamese withdrawal of
Cambodia in 1973. VC/NVA did pull their troops out of the
international arena, to have hidden their faces in the jungles of
Cambodian territory, to lead the poor, uneducated Khmer Rouge soldiers
who had their bitter guts to avenge against their enemy (Khmers killed
Khmers). The Hanoi Leaders are so cunning to have concealed tactfully
their dirty-secret-pogrom plans of Khmer Race since then, as an old
saying: "The cat hides their claws waiting to catch a mouse". Hanoi
leaders did really use their secret words "Angkar Leu" to murder more
than 2 000 0000 Cambodian people; yet could not be condemned by the
world and UN.
The prince was welcomed back to Peking in triumph, and on April 12
1973, the Chinese gave him a banquet at which Chou En-Lai praised him
warmly. For his part, Sihanouk gave vent to his feelings in a
diplomatic manner. He criticized "peace-loving" countries that sought
to impose a cease-fire on Cambodia. He said American claims that North
Vietnam was still fueling the war untrue-the resistance was no longer
receiving aid. He denounced American peace plans that involved the
partition of the country…
The prince Sihanouk and Khieu Samphan were betrayed by North Vietnam
from 1970 to 1979. As Chou En-lai told Ambassador, Manac'h that the
longer war in Cambodia continued, the more extreme and harsh would be
final victory. During the course of his talks with le Duc Tho,
Kissinger had attempted to obtain an assurance that cease-fires could
be arranged in Cambodia and Laos as well as in Vietnam. The North
Vietnamese were able to give satisfactory assurances on Laos; Hanoi
had always dominated the Pathet Lao. In Cambodia, however, no such
guarantees could be given, because of the growing tension between the
North Vietnamese and the Khmer Rouge. During 1972, when almost all
North Vietnamese combat divisions were withdrawn from Cambodia for the
offensive in South Vietnam, reports of fairly constant fighting
between the allies reached Phnom Penh and Washington. By the end of
the year the Khmer Rouge were fielding an army of around 50, 000 men,
organized in regiments, and were strong enough to hold their own
against Lon Nol, with only logistical support from the North
Vietnamese. They could now act independently of Hanoi. Did the Khmer
Rouge really act independently of Hanoi after 1973? Rubbish! They did
withdrew their troops from international level, to have hidden their
faces in the jungles of Cambodian territory, waiting for a good time
to come for action as happened from 1975 to 1979. As Nixon evidently
believed in 1973 (and still in 1978) that the Khmer Rouge were
controlled by Hanoi and were amenable to Moscow. But William Shawcross
did not believe Nixon's words because I think he does not know much
about Hanoi's long-time wish to eat up Cambodia, little by little, one
by one until the end of Khmer race was left on the Maps of the world
as Hanoi used to eating up Kampuchea Krom.
To compare the articles from foreign authors/ journalists who claimed
to be Cambodian expert, but didn't mention about the "Hidden faces and
names of Angkar Leu/ Cap Tren: we have seen that the Khmer Rouge was a
family affair. One might say as much about the Khmer Issarak
Liberation Front (Free Cambodians), headed by 1950 on by Son Ngoc
Minh, a relative of Son Ngoc Thanh's (one of the Khmer Serei leader's
brothers, Son Thai Nguyen, was also elected to the South Vietnam
Senate). The putative father of a dissident movement, Son Ngoc Minh
became the head f the Khmer Vietminh. Following the Geneva agreements
of 1954, they went over to Hanoi. The elderly Son Ngoc Minh,
eliminated by the Khmer Rouge in 1972, did not fully taste the fruits
of his plotting. His successors, even if they deny it, are Heng Samrin
and his pro-Vietnamese cohorts, who moved into Phnom Penh when Hanoi
invaded the city in January 1979. A Radio Hanoi program in December
1978, claimed the Khmer Rouge had subsequently poisoned the old Khmer
communist movement, that is, uniting the Khmer Rouge and
Khmer-Vietminh.
When Yiey Tien had finished her lower-level-political studies,
To be continue => VI
chabon
Visitor
Who was Angkar Leu from 1973-79? VI=> VII
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79?(Intro)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:27 p.m.
In the meantime, Thom (in Cambodian "Big" here is to address to a
To be continue => VII
Visitor
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79?(Part.2)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:18 p.m.
continued from Part1:
Lon Nol had only 27, 000 FANK troops in the country. That's why there
Vietcong/NVAs further declared:
SLK
To be continue => VIII
chabon
>Who was Angkar Leu from 1973-79? VII => VIII
>
>Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
>Leu from 1973-79?(Part.2)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
>Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:18 p.m.
>
>continued from Part1:
Listen Knucklehead: this list says: SCT (T for Thailand) - get it?
Now go home and learn to spell SCT - SCT - SCT...
John Dunstan
wrote:
Haven't the Cambodian people suffered enough without you wanting to
subject them to this diatribe as well? -:)
At least with them posting here in SCT, you can be fairly sure that
noone is going to be reading their drivel.
John D.
chabon
<ross...@bigpond.net.au> wrote:
>>Listen Knucklehead: this list says: SCT (T for Thailand) - get it?
>>Now go home and learn to spell SCT - SCT - SCT...
>
>Haven't the Cambodian people suffered enough without you wanting to
>subject them to this diatribe as well? -:)
Not from me yet - and further this knucklehead posts re-invented
history to SC Laos - SC USA and Thai - thought he was posting about
Khmer - or is that "larger Cambodia?" :-)
Phetaroi
>From: visit...@yahoo.com (Visitor)
>In 1970, 20,000 Vietcong/NVAs flooded into all
>over Cambodian territory; those who have had every good experiences of
>war, and know Cambodian geography far better than the Cambodian
>people.
What does it say about the culture of a people when they know less about their
own geography than outsiders? Why would this be true?
Now, before you jump to the conclusion that I am saying Cambodians are stupid
-- which I am NOT -- keep in mind that I am questioning why the Cambodian
culture made a decision (perhaps unconscioiusly) not to learn about and
investigate their own geography.
>At that time, Prince Sihanouk, Prince
>Souphanouvong (Laos), Pham van Dong (North Vietnam) and Nguyen Huu Tho
>(South Vietnam NLF) decided to join forces at military and diplomatic
>levels in order to drive the American imperialists out of Indo-China.
Do you agree that driving the imperialists out of Indochina was laudible?
BTW, the French and British were true imperialists in SE Asia. The US was not.
The US never "owned" any SE Asian nation, as did France and England.
>The peasants wept
>with joy and greeted the Vietnamese as their liberators.
So you're saying the grass roots citizenry was happy of the alliance with
Vietnam?
>And, Nguyen van Thieu's savage horde Cambodia came to invade, pillage,
>burn, ruin, destroy Cambodia, and to rob, torture, rape and murder
>Cambodians. That was the high price Nguyen Van Thieu's Government made
>Cambodia pay in exchange for the military protection it provided the
>faltering Khmer Republic.
Do you think perhaps that the Khmer Republic made a big mistake wanting that
kind of protection?
Once again I have to ask a very simple question. You always complain -- and
rightfully so -- about what everyone outside of Cambodia did to Cambodia. You
never seem to question what Cambodia did to itself.
In the early decades, did the once great Khmer Empire develop because of what
outsiders did for the Khmer people? Or did the Khmer Empire develop because of
the ingenuity of the Khmer people?
I'm going to assume you believe the latter.
But, if you are going to accept that the credit for the development of the
Khmer Emprie belongs to the Khmer, then I think you also have to accept that
the Khmers began failing themselves at some point. That they let other
cultures gain the upper hand.
What were the factors that made Thailand more powerful than Cambodia, and thus
able to take over the land that it currently has? Strong economy -versus- weak
economy? Strong military -versus- weak military? Strong food supply -versus-
weak food supply? Improving leadership -versus- weakening leadership?
Improving education -versus- declining education?
I'm not sure the answers to those questions or what other questions need to be
asked. But what I am asking is why do you not seem to attribute any of your
nation's history to what your nation did? Why do you want to simply blame
outsiders? That doesn't seem to me to be a very balanced viewpoint.
Markku Grönroos
"Phetaroi" <phet...@aol.com> wrote in message
news:20030209072831...@mb-fv.aol.com...
>
> Do you agree that driving the imperialists out of Indochina was laudible?
> BTW, the French and British were true imperialists in SE Asia. The US was
not.
> The US never "owned" any SE Asian nation, as did France and England.
>
govern entire countries in conventional ways but they rather made
"agreements" with locals to utilize raw materials and production typically
in a fashion of monopolies. Imperialists knew very well that settling down
with hordes of civil servants and military troops should be very expensive
business indeed. Furthermore it would be quite unnecessary as far as there
will be an able (and understanding) local government.
For instance it was so for a long time in India during the heyday of the
private enterprises of Britain. When King and Queen got involved, business
matters - the only reason being there in the first place - started to slide
down. USA has been very active in this respect too. Perhaps not so in Asia
but very aggessively in Latin America.
Visitor
Posted By: SLK <mailto:tapr...@hotmail.com?subject=Who was Angkar
Leu from 1973-79? (Part.3)> (cache3.net2000.com.au)
Date: Monday, 26 August 2002, at 5:09 p.m.
continued from part2:
Author William Shawcross, who knows how to write the Cambodian History
in a very good English, but didn't know much about Hanoi leaders'
hearts of long-time dream of swallowing up Cambodia into
Vietnamization: The war lasted from March, 1970 until April, 1975 was
truly an unusual, an extraordinary one. He has given us the Cambodian
Victims a lot of information about the destruction of Cambodia, which
was created by Hanoi leaders who haven't given up their long-time
dream of an Indo-Chinese federation…is to say that: "The Mystery of
the Fabled Khmer Rouge Victory of January 6, 1979", Socialist
Vietnam's First blitzkrieg in Dk was launched in late December 1978 to
early January 1978. Then it fizzled out. The Vietnamese soldiers and
their armored units had attacked Pol Pot 's men on several fronts
(Rattanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Kompong Cham, and Prey Veng, Svay
Rieng-including the "Parrot's Beak"- Kandal, Takeo, and Kompot: almost
the entire length of the Vietnam-Cambodia border, from the high
plateaus to the Gulf of Siam). On the Prey Veng –Svay Rieng Front, the
invaders had advanced as far as Neak Luong, on the Mekong River about
fifty kilometers from Phnom Penh.
February 1995 (tigers and crocodiles editors):
Today, I am a Cambodian history researcher, happily writing to tell
you about the dirty, secret-plans and long-time dream of Hanoi. To
tell the world not to misunderstand about the destruction of Cambodia
a man-made disaster will be recognized as one of the great crimes of
the 20th century, which was created by the mysterious regime of Angkar
Leu/Cap Tren of Hanoi," whose wish is to incorporate Cambodia into
their "Vietnamization" or indo-Chinese federation. It was not án act
of god! It was Ho Chi Minh's greedy and ambitious wishes and
dirty-secret-plan formulas. An ancestral prophecy predicts that one
the unfortunate Khmer people will be forced to choose between being
eaten by tigers (Khmer Rouge) or swallowed by crocodiles (Vietnamese).
Today, we are seeing clearly that prophecy fulfilled in the most
tragic way possible. The Kampuchean people are on the brink of
extinction.
Cambodians are on the brink of extinction, dying a slow death,
murdered in the name of two conflicting types of communism. It is a
struggle to the death between Kampuchean and Vietnamese communism; it
is also a dispute between the two communists' giants they represent,
China and Russia. The past and the present Hanoi leaders had been
[and] are trying every diplomatic and legal means to eliminate the
Khmer race by using the secret words of "Angkar Leu/cap Tren" during
the terror of war in indo-china from 1970-1979. Hanoi had used only
their two secret paramount-Pol Pot and Ieng Sary -on the international
levels. But in the country, they had used "mysterious young soldiers
of "Angkar Leu/cap Tren" to kill the Khmer innocence brutally.
"The farming people of the base areas who knew nothing of socialist
revolution quickly began to love and support Angkar because of its
sentiments of openness and friendship." The Cambodian party called
itself Angkar, "organization," in the established tradition of the
Indochinese communist party and the south Vietnamese communists, who
used term "organization" in order to woo the peasants to their
political ideas without revealing they were communists. Angkar was
credited with nearly mystic omnipotence; its word was law and any
attempt to break it was always discovered.
Sarin wrote down an often-heard saying that would become familiar
after the Khmer rouge victory: "Angkar has as many eyes as a pineapple
and cannot make mistakes." It was this demand for total control that
frightened Sarin. He said any problem or mistake was always blamed on
the individual, never the organization or its policies.
Communist-style criticism/self-criticism session to discuss problems
never found fault with the rules of Angkar, only with the poor
peasants who could not follow them. They had told him: "the people are
cold and need the warmth of the prince [Sihanouk] to save their
lives."
Sarin had recorded a party slogan to that effect: "study from the
people in order to be like the people…[but] don't let the people lead
you by the nose either."
The next stage for Cambodia war was brought by the Paris Peace Accords
signed on January 27, 1973, by the United States and North Vietnam.
The negotiations had lasted four years, the length of President
Nixon's first term in office, and brought benefits only Washington and
Hanoi. The Americans achieved their goals of ending active involvement
in the war and winning back the Americans held as prisoners of war.
The North Vietnamese won the withdrawal of American troops from South
Vietnam and an end to American bombing of North Vietnam without having
to withdraw North Vietnam troops from the south. A cease-fire was
declared in the south.
Lon Nol invited his opponents to join him in a cease-fire, at least.
But the Khmer Rouge refused to take part in these negotiations on the
assumption that a suspension of hostilities in Cambodia would rob them
of their chief strategic advantage-the semi-isolation of Phnom Penh
from other Khmer republic-held territory and from its supply points in
south Vietnam and Thailand. The united states agreed to end all
bombing in Lao once a cease-fire agreement was reached in that
country, which was achieved one month later, in February 1973.
Cambodia became the only arena for American bombing jets, and in
February 1973, showers of explosive bombs began to fall from Americans
B-52s and fighter jets. The North Vietnamese had warned the Khmer
communists of this possibility; the Khmer Rouge decided the accords
were one more betrayal by their communist allies. But they were silent
on the matter in public. On the ground they devised a simple and harsh
plan to protect themselves from the bombs and from new "betrayal" by
the Vietnamese, a plan to isolate themselves even further, to dig in
for the fight of their lives and make any sacrifices necessary.
The cooperative solutions quieted peasant suspicions that these
outsiders would draft all their able-bodied men, and many women, and
leave them unable to raise the food they needed to survive. With their
cooperatives the Khmer Rouge were promising that no one would
starve-not the young husband at neither the front nor his parents,
wife, and small children at home. What was available was shared more
or less equally. There was not enough but the Khmer Rouge believed the
people were up to the sacrifice and that it was the only way to win
the "rice war" that was being waged parallel to the military
operation. The side that could feed its people and army would win
Vietcong.
There was also an element of revenge. The Khmer Rouge, the North
Vietnamese by signing the accords had released American jets to bomb
Cambodia. Now they too would suffer the consequences. North Vietnamese
troops no longer traveled through Cambodia freely. They no longer fed
on Cambodian rice. "The Vietnamese were the biggest problem [in
1973]," Prasith said, indulging in historical hyperbole. "They would
buy the rice. So we abolished money, if the people did not need money,
if they lived in a cooperative where everything was provided for them
by the state, they would not sell rice to the Vietnamese."
As their neighboring states of Vietnam and Siam grew in stature and
appetite for Khmer territory, the people became convinced that their
race and culture would disappear. In their culture, there were two
answers to such a threat: either accept it as it inevitable or use all
measures, regardless of their violence, to prevent it. For those of
the left, linkage with the much stronger Vietnamese communist movement
was of great important and among those who emerged, as leaders of
left-wing bands part Vietnamese parentage was common. This association
with Vietnamese communists and the presence of men of mixed Cambodian
and Vietnamese ancestry were to have profound consequences the
Cambodian left developed over the ensuing decades, but in the
immediate postwar years links with Vietnam played a vital part in
sustaining the embryonic Cambodian communist movement. However, many
of these seem to have been tactical rather than strategic, and
essentially of limited duration. Moreover, what passed for political
dissidence was often little more than banditry cloaked in political
justification. In the unsettled conditions immediately after the war,
the long tradition of rural banditry received a considerable impetus.
Moreover, as has already been noted, there was a strong Vietnamese
input into the radical left that slowly developed after 1945. Some of
the radical leaders had mixed Cambodian Vietnamese ancestry. Others,
more importantly, accepted the leadership of the Vietnamese-dominated
Indochinese communist party (ICP) as representing the only truly
revolutionary organization dedicated to ending French rule over all
the countries of Indochina. (p.64)
The Cambodian communist movement gained its own identity, separate
from ICP, When the latter, Vietnamese-dominated grouping dissolved
itself in 1951. From this point on there were three national communist
movements in each of the Indochinese states, Vietnam, Laos and
Cambodia. The new party in Cambodia called itself the Khmer People's
Revolutionary party (KPRP) when it was founded in September 1951.
Estimates of the size of its membership at this stage vary. It may
have had as many as a thousand in its ranks, but many of these were
ethnic Vietnamese rather than Cambodians. Importantly, too, the
influence of the Vietnamese worker's party (the successor in Vietnam
to ICP) was very strong; some scholars argue that the KPRP'S statutes
were first drawn up in Vietnamese before being translated into
Cambodian.
The names of the radicals from this period have barely been remembered
outside Cambodia. Chief among them was the pseudonymous Son Ngoc Mien,
a former monk who had changed his name from Achar Mien with the aim of
gaining some reflected glory from the better-known Son Ngoc Thanh. Two
other important leaders on the left were Sieu Heng and Tou Samouth.
The latter communist movement and then was executed as one of the
leftist victims of Sihanouk's security police.
The future Pol Pot and his best -known associates, Ieng Sary and Khieu
Samphan, were still not part of the Cambodian political scene. (pp.
64-5)
This idea of a "clean, pure" revolution was the driving force behind
the hell that was descending on Kompot and over six million other
Cambodians. Overnight, the people were required to become peasants,
workers, or soldiers. There was no need for other occupations. They
had been abolished on the first day of the revolution. All commerce,
private, money and enterprise were abolished; all markets, every shop,
and every restaurant were closed; no one was to be paid for his labor.
The revolution claimed it would take care of every need of the
citizenry.
The state claimed ownership of all property and control over every
activity of the citizens. All individual rights were abolished. There
were nearly no laws. The people were at the arbitrary mercy of their
leaders, who could decide how much food was consumed, whether
medicines was available, and how punishment would be administrated.
Cambodia's communist leaders so distrusted foreigners that they cut
off the country from the world to build their revolution. This need to
pull away, to be the best in the wold, the best in Cambodian history,
the best communists, was the result of particular strains in Cambodian
history and the twists and turns of communist revolution in Asia.
Cambodians felt friends who turned out to be enemies had pushed them
to the bottom. They felt so threatened they set out to prove they were
one of the superior races and nations in order to save themselves from
extinction
From march 29 1970, when the north Vietnamese launched their first
major attack in Cambodia, until the middle of 1972, Lon Nol's small,
inexperienced army had to face and was defeated by the best fighters
in southeast Asia, the north Vietnamese army. But Sihanouk claimed
regularly that it was his front that was defeating the Phnom Penh
army. The Lon Nol military suffered the causalities inflicted by the
North Vietnamese and grew to hate Sihanouk and his allies as much as
the Khmer Rouge did.
The Vietnamese had trained the returnees in a number of valuable
military skills. They were sent out to build up the Khmer Rouge army.
While SAR refused to accept "mixed" Vietnamese and Cambodian military
units were led and directed by the Vietnamese, he was willing to use
Cambodians trained by the Vietnamese. Very few returnees were given
positions of power; the few who were later diverted of those
positions. Most felt isolated, as the survivor said, though in fact,
this was the case for all Cambodian communists. "Contacts between the
upper levels and lower levels were like contacts between heaven and
earth… a comrade only knew about himself and himself alone. There was
no question of knowing anything about matters of the situation in
which one founded oneself."
He feared the north Vietnam, who, he said,
were trying to treat Cambodians the way they treated to Lao-as
subservient revolutionaries. As early as 1970, Lim realized the
relation between the Cambodian and the Vietnamese communists were "not
good."
Lim also realized early on that prince Norodom Sihanouk was unpopular
among the Khmer Rouge, who wore his badge only when they were sent to
fill out the ranks of the north Vietnamese army among their own they
spoke of the prince with bitterness.
Gradually, Lim gave up hope for a Khmer revolution. He had spent
sixteen years in North Vietnam waiting to fight to "liberate" his
homeland only discover, he said, that the war in Cambodia was only
"for the benefits of the North Vietnam and not the Khmer revolution
that he had heard so much about." This was in 1970, one year after he
arrived. He and his Khmer Rouge unit had fought a battle in northern
Kompong Thom province and been abandoned, he said, by a north
Vietnamese army unit that pulled back without informing Lim and the
Khmer Rouge.
Lim could not live with the deceits and disappointments. He defected
to the other side, Lon Nol's side, five days after that battle. He was
debriefed by intelligence officers in the U.S. embassy, whom he
impressed largely with his fear: fear of Khmer Rouge violence,
Vietnamese arrogance and ambitions, and the number of victims that
would fall in the wake of this confused war where allies were enemies
and enemies allies.
Brutal Evacuation of Phum Taprohm
An American bombing was imminent. Everyone has to leave for three
days. To arguments and prevarication, the Khmer Rouge had replied
quietly and reasonably: "why make a fuss about three days? Why makes a
fuss about family? Do not worry about your things. We have lived for
years without family to liberate you. Three days is nothing. After
that, you will return. Do not worry!
The beginning of "purification"
Qualifications were declared useless. Diplomas were Signabat,
"invisible signal". What counted was physical work. That was
Signakhoeunh "the visible signal". That was tangible. Therein lay
honor.
Martin Stuart-Fox's "The Murderous Revolution" [PP. 43-35]: in 1975,
however, factional differences, which already existed within the
Party, were well hidden. In the eyes of the mass of the population
Angkar was monolithic and all-powerful, its weaknesses. These became
evident only later, even to many within the Party, as contractions in
the internal and foreign policies became more apparent. People like
BunHeang Ung knew nothing of factions of policy differences. Angkar
for them was the entire organization structure of the party,
comprising every cadre and every soldier who had fought for the
revolution. At another level Angkar referred to the Central
Policymaking apparatus, the unknown membership of the Central
Committee and its secretariat, and ultimately the all-powerful
Politburo. There was a tiny group held power, most of them
French-educated teachers and intellectuals. They included Pol Pot,
Ieng Sary, Nuon Chea, Son Sen, and Vorn Veth. Khieu Samphan was not a
member of the Politburo. Nor were other such leading figures in the
party as Non Suon and Hu Nim, both of who held ministerial rank in the
new government. But few of these men were even known by the name to
those they ruled. Although the Communist party of Kampuchea had
announced its existence and leadership of the armed struggle at the
end of September 1972, membership of the party was still secret. For
everyone, those from the "Liberated Zones" and evacuees from Phnom
Penh alike, all identities were hidden behind the impersonal mask of
Angkar, the organization whose power was henceforth to direct the
lives of every Kampuchean.
Today, the Chinese and Vietnamese governments just don't want Khmer
Rouge leaders are tried by the International Penal/Court of Justice or
UN. They are so afraid to lose their faces when all Khmer Rouge
leaders are going to confess to the world.
Sooner or later, all Khmer Rouge leaders will go to confess before the
International Penal/Court of Justice. And then we can sleep peacefully
and quietly in our bed. Then no Khmer fights against Khmer anymore.
Khmers will start to love Khmers once again.
Therefore, we the survivors of Angkar Leu, would like to appeal to the
world-especially the US Leaders who have power to bring all Khmer
Rouge leaders/cadres to the International Penal/Court of Justice to
get all the answers from them-Who was wearing secret balaclava to kill
more than 2 million Cambodians from 1975-79?
SLK