Update #4: CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
Nnamdi Oziri
The article below calls for a careful criticism because of the issue and
the person who is proposing this issue and more also the political climate
of the present Africa at this time.
I rally appreciate Maazi MOE reaction if some you will recall his response
to the article below, when he pointed out the role of OAU during the civil
unrest in Nigeria in the years 1967-70. That though the OAU charter
portrays a non intervention article yet she got involved in Nigeria civil
war against the easterners.
Nevertheless, the present political climate of African the future role OAU
makes it important for some of you to seriously consider what this article
is all about. As for the one who prosposed the article, I also have my
concern for Dr Mazuruwis philisophy. If some of you have watched and
listened to his comments on his video series the 'African', it then becomes
necessary that we must watch Dr. Mazuruwi proposal for OAU. His religious
view on the role of Islam as a conquering force in African makes me to
question what he hopes to accomplished with the proposal below.
Ali should know that not every African is a moslem and would not like to be
a part of any movement that will promote violence in Africa. We have had
it with both with Islamic Jihad role and the Catholic spanish role in
enslaving the Africans.
I am not saying that one should throw away the child and the dirty water.
The call for pan-African senate would be great for the 21st century African
if we would not let our estreem religious views take over the whole idea.
There is beauty in the whole idea but I wonder if someone would not make it
a Pan- Islamic movement.
The moment Africans start respecting and tolerating the views and ideas
different from theirs, the better that continent would be. In support to
what my good friend Dr. Mazuruwi is proposing, I strongly believe that
Africa is over due to start handling her problems just like the Lagos Plan
of Action of 1986 has proposed for the year 2000 among African Nations.
If they could move on to action by focusing on their stratagies of
accomplishing Regional Economic Cooperation and Intergration, I suppose
this will be a better way to handle the problem. Union of the Arab Maghred
(UAM) in the north, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in
the west, East African Community (EAC) in the east, and the inclusion of
south Africa in the South African Development Community (SADC) in the south
could play active role like North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and
European Economic Community (EEC) are playing respectively in USA and
Europe.
On the political front, these economic bodies could enforce the OAU
charters in their various regions just like ECOWAS has accomplished with
ECOMOG. The idea of a Pan-Africa Senate would be realised if the regions
are strong enough to handle there regional problem just like ECOMOG has
done in the west.
Again this is where Nigeria should maintain her stance of the Monrovia
faction of OAU led by our late Prime minister Sir. Tafawa Balewa. Nigeria
from the begining did not share of the idea of Pan Africanism of Dr.
Nkurumah because that to them would mean giving their national survereignty
to others.
I hope we do not repeat the mistake we made with UN in slaughtering Patrick
Lumumba during the Congo crisis. It is time for SADC and EAC to wake up
and intervene in their regional problem because what is going now in that
region calls for such intervention based on the OAU charter. ECOWAS did not
seat to watch their region under the fire of civil unrest. The advise of
ECOMOG on how they handled Liberia issue can be sort and not getting the
whole OAU in the issue. The ball is now in the court of SADC and EAC to
play. Signing the proposal below is commendable but the question is how
would the creating of another body within OAU solve Africans looming
regional economic and political problem? Why not we work with the already
existing structure within the OAU body?
Oziri
> *** IMPORTANT, PLS READ & SIGN ***
> (190 signatories and counting!)
>
>CREATION OF A PAN-AFRICAN SENATE: A CALL FOR ACTION
>
> In the more than three decades since the bulk of African
>countries gained independence from colonial rule, few African
>rulers have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed themselves to
>be defeated in an election. Unsurprisingly, an overwhelming
>majority of these rulers have either been forced out of office
>through popular revolt, armed insurrection, and coup d'etat, or
>died in office after being too sick and senile to sign even their
>signatures. Indeed, political succession has remained undoubtedly
>one of post-colonial Africa's Achilles heels. The consequences of
>this state of affairs are legion, and have been all too disastrous
>for the continent. Many countries have known no political
>stability --an essential condition for any meaningful development
>to take place -- as a chain of individual rulers have, without
>scruples, battled and decimated their own populace just to remain
>in power; ethnic and clan groups have been pitted against each other;
>economies, upon which the welfare of the people depends, have been ruined
>leaving in place a desolate economic landscape that invites only the
>worst speculative activities and merchants of death; precious unrenewable
>resources have continually been wasted in pursuit of the mirage of
>staying in power indefinitely; countless number of people have been
>uprooted and displaced from their homes and reduced, as it were, to
>becoming food aid junkies in refugee camps. Most portentous of all, the
>countries have been robbed the dynamism and renewed vigor that come from
>the ascendance to power of much younger, energetic leadership.
>
> As we approach the 21st century, it behooves us (Africans) to
>devise creative and ground-breaking ways to address this hydra-
>headed problem. We need to create conditions to encourage African
>heads of state to graciously hand over power to an elected
>successor. This calls, among other things, for the establishment of
>a Pan-African Senate consisting of former African heads of state
>who have either allowed themselves to be defeated at the polls
>(like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of Benin), or
>handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun Obasanjo of
>Nigeria and Julius Maada Bio of Sierra Leone), or retired in
>conditions of pluralism and the open society (like Leopold Senghor
>of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania, and Nelson "Madiba"
>Mandela of South Africa who will be retiring in 1999 after a most
>glorious and distinguished political career).
>
> The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet
>substantial purposes:
>(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom
>and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic
>statesmen and women.
>(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a
>continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus
>engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa.
>(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the
>presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive
>asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
>
> The idea for the creation of a Pan-African Senate to serve the
>above objectives comes from Professor Ali Mazrui. It may not be a
>sure-fire recipe to cure all of Africa's political succession woes,
>but it sure is a significant step toward fruitfully dealing with
>the problem. If such an institution was in place a long time ago,
>it could have arguably helped to prevent some of the worst crisis
>afflicting African countries today. If Mobutu had voluntarily
>vacated the presidency 20 years ago, Zairians would have been
>spared the anguish, trauma and poverty visited on them by 32 years
>of Mobutuism; if Babangida had graciously handed over power to the
>presumed winner of the 1993 presidential elections, the current
>imbroglio Nigeria is enmeshed in could have been avoided; and if
>current rulers of Gabon, Kenya, Togo, Cameroon, etc. voluntarily
>relinquish power, their respective countries would be spared the
>aggravation of forceful change in leadership.
>
> This is why you or your organization should sign the letter
>below to be sent to all African foreign ministers and heads of
>state asking them to include the formation of an African Senate as
>one of their agenda items in their upcoming annual meeting. The OAU
>council of ministers will meet from May 28-30, and the heads of state
>summit from June 2-4, 1997 at Harare Zimbabwe.
>
> Append your name by cc mi...@cornell.edu Feel free to distribute
>widely and send hardcopy signatories (for non-netters) for collation to:
>P. O. Box 4868, Ithaca NY 14852, USA.
>
>Ibe Ibeike-Jonah
>
>----------------------------------------------------------
>April 25, 1997
>
>President Robert G. Mugabe
>Incoming Organization of African Unity (OAU) Chairman
>Munhumutapa Bldg.
>Samora Machel Avenue
>Private Bag 7700, Causeway
>Harare, Zimbabwe
>
>Dear President Mugabe,
>
> Creation of a Pan-African Senate
>
> In the more than thirty years since the bulk of African
>countries attained independence from colonial rule, few African
>heads of state have voluntarily relinquished power or allowed
>themselves to be defeated in an election. An inordinate number of
>African rulers have either been forced out of office through armed
>revolt and coup d'etat, or died in office after a protracted
>illness that almost always paralyze the affairs of the state.
>Indeed, political succession has remained one of Africa's Achilles
>heels.
>
> Conscious of the immense disastrous political and economic
>consequences that ensue from the penchant of rulers to
>indefinitely stay in office, mindful of the universal and fervent
>desire of African people to creatively rise to the challenge of
>solving the problems confronting the continent as we approach the
>next century; and recognizing the need to create conditions that
>will enable African rulers to graciously yield power to an elected
>successor; we, the undersigned Africans, friends of Africa and
>organizations recommend and call on the Organization of African
>Unity (OAU) Council of Ministers and Heads of Government to include
>as an agenda item in their scheduled annual summit meeting in
>Harare, Zimbabwe the prompt establishment of a Pan-African Senate
>consisting precisely of former African heads of state (and those
>who follow in their footsteps) who have:
>(i) either willingly and gracefully accepted electoral defeat at
>the polls (like Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Nicephore Soglo of
>Benin);
>(ii) or handed over to a democratic process (like Olusegun
>Obasanjo of Nigeria and Julius Bio of Sierra Leone);
>(iii) or retired in conditions of pluralism and the open society
>(like Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Julius K. Nyerere of Tanzania,
>and Nelson "Madiba" Mandela of South Africa who has announced he
>will be retiring in 1999 after a most distinguished political
>career).
>
> The Pan-African Senate will serve three-pronged yet
>substantial purposes:
>(1) The Senate would enable Africa to continue to tap the wisdom
>and accumulated political experience of some of its most historic
>statesmen and women.
>(2) It would help to give African heads of state the promise of a
>continuing honorific role, enable them to retain dignity, and thus
>engender the practice of a dignified retirement within Africa.
>(3) It would also help Africa to rescue the institution of the
>presidency from continuing to be a zero-sum game with the pervasive
>asinine mind set of "either I am President or I am nothing".
>
> We hope that the OAU Council of Ministers and Presidents will
>heed our clarion call for the establishment of a Pan-African Senate
>which, we believe, will significantly address the sore emanating
>from the problem of political succession in Africa.
>
>Sincerely,
>
>signed
>
>(001) Ibe Ibeike-Jonah, Ithaca NY (Nigerian)
>(002) Prof. Ali Mazrui, Director Global Cultural Studies, SUNY
>Binghamton NY
>(003) Ed Mabaya, Mutare Zimbabwe
>(004) Krishna Rao, New Delhi India
>(005) Gibson Guvheya, Masvingo, Zimbabwean
>(006) Dr Michel Del Buono, Cornell University/World Bank
>(007) Araz Mekhtiev, Baku Azerbaijan
>(008) Prof. Muna Ndulo, Cornell Law School, Ithaca (Zambian)
>(009) Francis I. Achike MD, Ph.D, Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
>(010) Dr Lawrence N. Okere, Univ of Arkansas at Pine (Nigerian)
>(011) Dr Abdelazim Balla Abdalla, Univ. of Malaysia (Sudanese)
>(012) Prince Olabode Ajose, North Brunswick NJ (Nigerian)
>(013) Dr Julius Spencer, Boston University (Sierra Leonean)
>(014) Ovo I. Dafe, Auburn AL
>(015) Prof. Adeline Igho Apena, Sage Colleges, Troy NY (Nigerian)
>(016) Awad Ibrahim, Univ. of Toronto Canada (Sudan)
>(017) Safro Kwame, Lincoln University PA
>(018) Prof. Tayoba Ngenge, West Virginia State College, WV
>(019) Philip N. Ngundam, Bowie Maryland (Cameroonian)
>(020) Madinah Salaama Ali, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
>(021) Golden Nwanoka, University of Massachussetts, Amherst
>(022) Oguocha Ike, Saskatoon Canada
>(023) Derrick Lewis, Freetown Sierra Leone
>(024) Scot Ngozi-Brown, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
>(025) Namara Rose Bakenegura (MS) Uganda
>(026) dele jegede, Indiana State University
>(027) Caroline Hossein, Toronto Canada
>(028) Dath Kakole Mita, Blantyre, Malawi
>(029) Tunde Fagbenle, Baltimore Maryland
>(030) Kamguia Mu Fedjo, MD, Kenosha Wisconsin (Cameroonian)
>(031) Tshidi Muendane, Ithaca NY (South African)
>(032) Elizabeth Rugege, Maseru Lesotho
>(033) Charmaine Villet, Ohio University, (Namibian)
>(034) Asma Abdel Halim, Ohio University, (Sudanese)
>(035) Haile Girma, Partner Williams, Adley & Co, Oakland CA
>(036) E. S. Atieno Odhiambo, Ndere-Alego, kenya
>(037) Elsbeth Robson, University of Keele, UK
>(038) Paulanco Thangata, Blantyre Malawi
>(039) Dr William Agbor-Baiyee, Purdue Univ. Indianapolis IN
>(040) Tsehai Berhane-Selassie, Tufts University (Ethiopian)
>(041) Jesse Wheeler, University of Wisconsin, Madison
>(042) Orieji Hunwick, University of Wisconsin, Madison
>(043) Prof. Dinesh Mohan, Indian Inst. of Tech, New Delhi, India
>(044) Igor Cusack, Dept. of Politics, University of Bristol, UK
>(045) Douglas Mughogho, Box 17775, Hillbrow Johannesburg, South Africa
>(046) Dr Alan Barnard, Centre of African Studies, Univ of Edinburgh
>(047) Humberto Muquingue, Fac Medicine, Maputo, Mozambique
>(048) Brhane Gebrekidan, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg VA (Ethiopian)
>(049) Stephen Gudz, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
>(050) Olakunle Oguneye, Valparaiso University (Nigerian)
>(051) Malik Al-Wardy, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
>(052) Eskinder Shimelis, Oxnard CA (Ethiopian)
>(053) Ashraf Mohamed Ismail, Cornell University (Egyptian)
>(054) O. Jonathan Obaje, UPM Malaysia (Nigerian)
>(055) Ragendra DeSousa, Cornell University (Mozambican)
>(056) Dr Evie Plaice, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
>(057) Prof. Dotsevi Y. Sogah, Cornell University, Ithaca NY (Ghanaian)
>(058) Olawunmi Okurounwu, IBM UK (Nigerian)
>(059) Simeon Tchatchoua Numbem, Cornell University (Cameroonian)
>(060) April Jackson, Memphis TN
>(061) Dr Ayele Bekerie, Africana Center, Cornell University
>(062) Aishetu Fatima Kolo, Cornell University (Nigerian)
>(063) Dale Grosvenor, Iowa State University
>(064) I. J. E. Blyden, CCNY CUNY, New York, NY
>(065) Olatokunbo Olawoye, Univ. of Iowa (Nigerian)
>(066) Frederick Amoako Addison, Cornell University (Ghanaian)
>(067) Peter T. Agabi, Portland OR
>(068) Adegoke Jimmy, Penn State University, PA (Nigerian)
>(069) Professor Steve Ugbah, CSUH Hayward (Nigerian)
>(070) Chris Cole, Pretoria South Africa
>(071) Wylin Dassie, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
>(072) Eric Mwangi, Nairobi Kenya
>(073) Joan Mulondo, Inst. for African Dev. Cornell University
>(074) Gilberto Manhica, UEM - Fac. Medicina, Maputo Mozambique
>(075) Dr Tunde Bewaji, Univ. of West Indies, Mona Jamaica & ISAADPS
>(076) Lawrence P. Boncraft, Cornell University
>(077) Patience N. Tumwine, Kampala Uganda
>(078) Joyce Jackson, Kumasi Ghana
>(079) Amma Tanksley, Cornell University
>(080) Lawal M. Marafa, Hong Kong (Nigerian)
>(081) Prof. Assis Malaquias, DOG, St Lawrence Univ. (Angolan)
>(082) Prof. T. Lumumba-Kasongo, Wells College NY (Zairean)
>(083) Akeem Adebowale, University of Maryland
>(084) Adeoye Opeolu, University of Maryland
>(085) Prof. Johnny Washington, Ph.D, Director, African American Studies,
>Southwest Missouri State Univ. Springfield MO
>(086) Mwikali Kieti, York Univ. Toronto Canada
>(087) Joseph N. Khamalah, Univ. of Waterloo, Canada
>(088) Emmanuel Akinyele, Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore MD (Nigerian)
>(089) Joseph Munyesi, Nairobi Kenya
>(090) Ntiedo Etuk, Cornell University, Ithaca NY (Nigerian)
>(091) Chinedum Osuji, MIT Boston, MA (Nigerian)
>(092) Jan Jasper, Ithaca NY
>(093) T. J. Mucherera, Zimbabwe
>(094) Dr Pal Ahluwalia, University of Adelaide, South Australia
>(095) Runya Godfrey Mhetu, Jerera Zimbabwe
>(096) Katie Janssen, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
>(097) Obiora Ezenwa, President NCCNY, Syracuse NY
>(098) Judith Atabo, Univ. of Nottingham, UK (Nigerian)
>(099) Joseph M. Mutava, Faculty of Law, Cambridge Uni., UK (Kenyan)
>(100) Enitan Obasanjo, Univ. of Nottingham, England (Nigerian)
>(101) Rhoda Nsibambi, Kampala Uganda
>(102) Jean Kouadio, Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire
>(103) Peter Wanyama Madaka, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Canada (Ugandan)
>(104) Steven Sebili, New York Tech, New York City (Algerian)
>(105) Dorcas Isutsa, Cornell University Ithaca NY (Kenyan)
>(106) Prof. Salah Hassan, Cornell University, Ithaca NY (Sudanese)
>(107) Francis Mangeni, Law Dept. LSE, England (Ugandan)
>(108) Rahmon Kelani, Univ. of California, Berkeley (Nigerian)
>(109) Prof. Mariam Mohammed, Cornell University (Ghanaian)
>(110) Kwabena Sabby, Sunyani, Ghana
>(111) ayo ngozi-brown, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
>(112) John Gorlorwulu, Monrovia Liberia
>(113) Timothy Aondona Ijir, Ph.D, Hewlett Packard Corp. USA (Nigerian)
>(114) Dr Cheikh Eteka Traore, London University (LSHTM), (Mauritanian)
>(115) Alonzo N. Smith, Research Historian, National Museum of American
>History, Smithsonian Institution
>(116) Erica Mims, Cornell University, Ithaca NY
>(117) Ayodeji Omotade, London Guildhall University, UK (Nigerian)
>(118) Dr Vuvu Manseka, Ph.D, Cornell University (Zairean)
>(119) Mekiah Mugond, Univ of Natal, Durban (Zimbabwean)
>(120) Tomi Olalekan Lawson, University of Helsinki (Nigerian)
>(121) Graham Saul, Canada/Mozambique
>(122) Dr Dal Didia, SUNY-Brockport, NY
>(123) Steve Isibor, Laidlaw Transportation, San Francisco, CA
>(124) Hindatu Abubakar Mohammed, Cornell University, Ithaca (Nigerian)
>(125) Mbugua wa Kamau, University of Memphis, Memphis TN
>(126) Joseph Machudi Uchudi, Cornell University, Ithaca (Zairean)
>(127) W. Reid Wilborn, Delegate, Kennesaw State Univ. Model United Nations
>(128) Melissa C. Matthews, Head Delegate, KSU Model United Nations
>(129) Dr Chien-pin Li, Professor, KSU International Affairs Dept, GA
>(130) Paul Njoki, University of Illinois, US (Busia, Uganda)
>(131) Dr Emil I. Mondoa, Delaware, USA (Cameroonian)
>(132) Tunde M. Giwa, City Univ. of New York, NY (Nigerian)
>(133) Lensa Gelana, Cornell University, Ithaca (Ethiopian)
>(134) Nowamagbe A. Omoigui, MD, MPH, FACC, Columbia SC (Nigerian)
>(135) Boateng Kwadwo, Washington State, USA (Ghanaian)
>(136) Prof. Thomas Fungwe, Wayne State Univ. Detroit, MI (Cameroonian)
>(137) Larry Tansinda, Maryland USA (Cameroonian)
>(138) Amos Kiplimo Kipyegon, Eldoret Kenya
>(139) Lucas A. Othuon, Univ. of British Columbia, Canada (Kenyan)
>(140) Prof. Ngoyi K. Zacharie Bukonda, Ph.D, MPH, Southern Illinois
>University, Illinois (Zairean)
>(141) Dixon Besong, Boston Medical Center, Boston MA
>(142) De-Gaulle D. Cabinda, MD, Los Angeles, USA (Cameroonian)
>(143) Owen Lupeska, International Affairs Reporter, Channel Africa,
>Johannesburg, South Africa
>(144) Dr Mohamed Ahmed Elfadl, Univ. of Helsinki, Finland (Sudanese)
>(145) Dr Fred Hendricks, Head, Dept of Sociology, Rhodes University,
>Grahamstown, South Africa; Managing Editor, African Soc. Review
>(146) Ukech Ujure Kidi, University of Helsinki, Finland
>(147) Ivo Akroncheberule Tasong, AT&T Solutions, NJ (Cameroonian)
>(148) Dr A. I. Younis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (Sudanese)
>(149) Prof. Osman Abdelrahim, NEIU, Illinois (Sudanese)
>(150) Jean-Claude Mporamazina, Geneva Switzerland (Burundian)
>(151) Tshimankinda Kadima-Kalombo, Univ. of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (Zairean)
>(152) Macaulay Osaisai, Melbourne Florida
>(153) Greg O. Asuagbor, Ohio (Cameroonian)
>(154) Prof A. B. Muyum, Founding Exec Director & Chair, Pan-African
>Studies Conf. & Pan-African Studies Assoc. Indiana State Univ. Terre Haute
>(155) Paschal Wathum Odoch, Univ. of British Columbia, canada (Ugandan)
>(156) Dr Tubajika M. Kayimbi, Louisiana State Univ., LA (Zairean)
>(157) Ron Hart, Dewitt Mall, Ithaca NY (African-American)
>(158) Ossie Desmangles, New York NY
>(159) Carl W. Monie, Lanham Maryland, USA (Cameroonian)
>(160) Eugene Yakum, New Jersey USA (Cameroonian)
>(161) Merence Sibomana, Bujambura Burundi
>(162) A. Mawuli Sallar, Univ. of British Columbia, Canada (Ghanaian)
>(163) Prof. George Ayittey, American University, Washington, DC
>(164) Mesky Brhane, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
>(165) Njeri Gakonyo, Kenya
>(166) Barry Braimah, New York University (Ghanaian)
>(167) Samuel Onyango-Adhiambo, Anderson Consulting, Kansas City, MO USA
>(168) Dieudonn Kamara, Alexandria Virginia
>(169) Dr Lateef Akinola, Oulu, Finland (Nigerian)
>(170) Moses A. Uzuh, US Navy (Nigerian)
>(171) Felix N. Ubogu, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, RSA (Nigerian)
>(172) Misrak Brhane, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (Ethiopian)
>(173) Ndungu wa Gitau, University of Pittsburg (Kenya)
>(174) Tamrat Yossef, Northeastern University, Boston MA (Ethiopian)
>(175) Vusumuzi Sibanda, Tsholotsho, Zimbabwe
>(176) Prof. Bedford N. Umez, Houston Texas
>(177) Eddie Muandane, Syracuse University, NY (South African)
>(178) Chukwunenye S. Nnebe, Cornell Univ., Ithaca NY (Nigerian)
>(179) Mohammad Shoaib Sultan, Colorado USA
>(180) Andrew O. Oduor, Keele University, UK (Kenyan)
>(181) Dr Nde D. Nguti, UK (African-Cameroonian)
>(182) David M. Basena, Bowie State Univ. Bowie MD (Ugandan)
>(183) Shawel Haile-Mariam, Michigan State Univ. MI (Ethiopian)
>(184) Mactar Diagne, Ph.D Candidate, Public Policy, George Washington
>University, Washington DC, USA (Senegalese)
>(185) Dr Sheku G. Kamara, Washington State, USA
>(186) John Odhiambo-Orwa, Lincoln Univ. Jefferson City, MO (Kenyan)
>(187) Emmanuel J. Ndamukong, St John's Univ. New York (Cameroonian)
>(188) Xavier Morales, Cornell University, Ithaca NY USA
>(189) Joseph M. Ndamukong, Montefiore Hosp. Center, NY (Cameroonian)
>(190)
>(191)
>(192)
>(193)
> ...
>...
>...
>(1000)
>
>Cc:
>- President Paul Biya of Cameroon, Outgoing OAU Chairman
>- All African Heads of State
>- Dr Stanislaus Mudenge, Zimbabwean Foreign Minister
>- All African Foreign Ministers
>- Dr Salim Ahmed Salim, OAU Secretary-General
>- Mr Kofi Annan, UN Secretary-General
>- Chief Emeka Anyaoku, Commonwealth of Nations Secretary-General
>- Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, former President of Tanzania
>- Kenneth Kaunda, former President of Zambia
>- Olusegun Obasanjo, former Head of State of Nigeria
>- Leopold Senghor, former President of Senegal
>- Nicephore Soglo, former President of Benin Republic
>- Julius Maada Bio, former Head of State of Sierra Leone
>- Ibrahima Sy, OAU Representative to the UN
>- Edouard E. Benjamin, ECOWAS Executive Secretary
>- Kaire Mbuende, SADC Executive Secretary
>- K. Y. Amoako, ECA Executive Secretary
>- All African Media Outlets
>- All African Non-governmental Organizations