Pre-Apartheid 'Apartheid' Laws
Etienne Marais
Cape Colony and Colony of Natal during the 19th century.[5][6][7] This
stemmed from the regulation of black people's movement from the tribal
regions to those occupied by white and coloured people, ruled by the
British. Laws were passed not only to restrict the movement of black
people into these areas, but also to prohibit their movement from one
district to another without a signed pass. Black people were not
allowed onto the streets of towns in the Cape Colony and Natal after
dark and had to carry their passes at all times.[8]
The Franchise and Ballot Act of 1892 instituted limits based on
financial means and education to the black franchise,[9] and the Natal
Legislative Assembly Bill of 1894 deprived Indians of the right to
vote.[10] In 1905 the General Pass Regulations Bill denied blacks the
vote altogether, limited them to fixed areas and inaugurated the
infamous Pass System.[11] Then followed the Asiatic Registration Act
(1906) requiring all Indians to register and carry passes,[12] the
South Africa Act (1910) that enfranchised whites, giving them complete
political control over all other race groups and removing the right of
blacks to sit in parliament,[13] the Native Land Act (1913) which
prevented all blacks, except those in the Cape, from buying land
outside "reserves",[13] the Natives in Urban Areas Bill (1918)
designed to force blacks into "locations",[14] the Urban Areas Act
(1923) which introduced residential segregation and provided cheap
labour for industry led by white people, the Colour Bar Act (1926),
preventing anyone black from practicing skilled trades, the Native
Administration Act (1927) that made the British Crown, rather than
paramount chiefs, the supreme head over all African affairs,[15] the
Native Land and Trust Act (1936) that complemented the 1913 Native
Land Act and, in the same year, the Representation of Natives Act,
which removed previous black voters from the Cape voters' roll.[16]
One of the first pieces of segregating legislation enacted by the Jan
Smuts' United Party government was the Asiatic Land Tenure Bill
(1946), which banned any further land sales to Indians.[17]
Jan Smuts' United Party government began to move away from the rigid
enforcement of segregationist laws during World War II.[18] Amid fears
integration would eventually lead the nation to racial assimilation,
the legislature established the Sauer Commission to investigate the
effects of the United Party's policies. The commission concluded
integration would bring about a "loss of personality" for all racial
groups.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid#Precursors_of_apartheid
Etienne Marais
Voorloop tot Apartheid [wysig]1652 - Jan van Riebeeck land aan die
Kaap die Goeie Hoop, rasgemengde huwelike geduld en gewettig onder die
bewind van die VOC.
1809 - Drie jaar ná die tweede Britse bewindsoorname onder die beleid
van goewerneur Caledon word paswette ingestel wat die Khoisan verbied
om sonder geskrewe toestemming buite die gebiede te trek wat aan hul
toegesê is.
1828 - Die paswette wat die Khoisan raak, word afgeskaf.
1865 - Sir Theophilus Shepstone verklaar dat swartmense in Natal nie
mag stem nie.
1891 - Die Oranje-Vrystaat verbied mense van Asiatiese afkoms om in
die republiek te woon[3]
1894 - Cecil John Rhodes verhoed die kleurling Krom Hendriks om deel
te neem aan 'n kriekettoer van die Kaapse span na Engeland.
1902 - Die Verdrag van Vereeniging kondig die einde van die Tweede
Vryheidsoorlog aan.
1903 - Alfred Milner rig Sanac (" South African Native Affairs
Commission ") op.
1905 - Die bevindinge van Sanac word gepubliseer. Hedendaagse
akademici herken die bloudruk van rasgebaseerde segregasie (1910 —
1948) sowel as apartheid (tot 1990) daarin.
1905 - Alfred Milner stel verpligte segregasie vir Kaapse skole in.
1907 - Die Suid-Afrika-Wet, wat deur die Britse Parlement bekragtig is
ná samesprekinge tussen die twee voormalige kolonies en twee
voormalige Boererepublieke, bepaal dat slegs persone van Europese
herkoms tot die Parlement verkies mag word.
1910 - Die Unie van Suid-Afrika kom tot stand met Uniewording.
1913 - Die Natives Land Act van 1913 word ingestel wat privaat
eienaarskap van eiendom deur swartmense verbied.
Etienne Marais
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> - Show quoted text -
1892. Cape Franchise & Ballot Act
"In the 1880s, the Cape Colony African male enjoyed a qualified
franchise, dating back to 1853 [see the CAPE CONSTITUTION of 1853]. In
the Transvaal and the Orange Free State colonies, Africans had no
vote, and in natal nearly all Africans were effectively excluded from
the franchise. [Cecil] Rhodes was unhappy that in many Cape
Constituencies, Africans could be decisive if more of them exercised
this right to vote under the law as it existed. In a speech in
Parliament in June 1887, in which the franchise question was debated,
Rhodes made clear his view: 'The native is to be treated as a child
and denied the franchise. We must adopt a system of despotism, such as
works in India, in our relations with the barbarism of South Africa'
" (Magubane 1996: 108). Thus, the CAPE FRANCHISE & BALLOT ACT of 1892
eventually "raised the franchise qualifications [from £25 to £75] to
the disadvantage of Africans, Coloured and poor whites" (Simons &
Simons 1969: 50).
It was but the first of a series of laws passed during the subsequent
years in order to settle the 'native question' with regard to
franchise. See especially the SEPARATE REPRESENTATION OF VOTERS ACT of
1951
http://www.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01646/05lv01703.htm
[ NOTE: Transvaal and the Orange Free State were independent
Republics, not colonies ]