Kahaner Report: InfoSci 1993, Seoul Korea, 21-22 Oct 1993
Rick Schlichting
Office of Naval Research-Asia (ONR Asia) in Tokyo from NIST. The
following is the professional opinion of David Kahaner and in no
way has the blessing of the US Government or any agency of it. All
information is dated and of limited life time. This disclaimer should
be noted on ANY attribution.]
[Copies of previous reports written by Kahaner can be obtained using
anonymous FTP from host cs.arizona.edu, directory japan/kahaner.reports.]
From:
Dr. David K. Kahaner
US Office of Naval Research Asia
(From outside US): 23-17, 7-chome, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106 Japan
(From within US): Unit 45002, APO AP 96337-0007
Tel: +81 3 3401-8924, Fax: +81 3 3403-9670
Email: kah...@cs.titech.ac.jp
Re: InfoSci 1993, Seoul Korea, 21-22 Oct 1993
11/12/93 (MM/DD/YY)
This file is named "info-sci.93"
ABSTRACT. InfoScience '93, the International Conference in Commemoration
of the 20th Anniversary of the Korea Information Science Society
(KISS), held 21-22 Oct 1993 in Seoul is reviewed. We also make some
overview comments about Korean science activities.
OVERVIEW REMARKS ABOUT KOREAN SCIENCE ACTIVITIES
Based on my observations of Korean science and technology, I have been
saying for the past year or so that, while things are still moving
forward, the rapid developments of a few years ago seem to have slowed.
The Korean Government appears to agree. Recently the Government passed a
Commercial Technology Development Base Subsidies Law, which establishes
national technology policies. This will attempt to "integrate" policies
of strategic technology development, funding, and other aspects of the
country's "commercial technology drive." The Government will also
sponsor "commercial technology promotion meetings" for different
sectors. These meetings are to be chaired by the Minister of Trade and
Industry and attended by representatives of industry, research
institutes, government and universities.
Much of this is the result of a study that was performed by the Ministry
comparing the overall technology level of Korea relative to other
countries. Their conclusion was that Korea's technology deficit relative
to its economic competitors is large. Rating the technology level of
advanced industrialized countries at 100, Korea earned a composite score
of 42.6. By sectors the scores are listed below. However, these numbers
probably reflect the state of mind of researchers involved in the study
as much as any quantitative measures and thus should not be taken too
seriously.
Medical instruments 56.7
Spinning & Weaving 55.0
Industrial Design & Packing 53.0
Precision Chemistry 49.6
Optical instruments 48.8
Textiles & Dyeing 48.4
Instrument Controls 46.7
Computers (HW & SW) 46.4
Industrial Machinery 46.0
Electronic Parts & Materials 45.6
Machine Tools & Robots 44.9
Heavy Electrical Equipment 44.5
Semiconductors & Equipment 42.6
Communications Equipment 42.3
Articles of Daily Living 41.7
Perto & Hi-polymer Chemistry 41.6
Automobiles 40.5
Non-ferrous Metals 40.4
Textile Raw Materials 40.0
Household Appliances 39.5
Environmental Technology 39.0
Shipbuilding 38.9
Cryogenics & high pressure instruments 38.8
Ceramics 37.6
Chemical Products 37.3
Basic Production Technology 35.9
Automation 35.8
Iron & Steel Materials 21.6
Other Ministry figures show that Korea invested US$5.5B in R&D in 1991,
compared with US$83.5B for Japan and US$145.7B for the US. Korea
registered 7800 patents in 1991, compared with 59000 for Japan and 90000
for the US. In 1992 Japan obtained 23481 US patents, compared with 1195
for Taiwan and 543 for Korea. The degree of economic growth attributable
to scientific and technological progress (however that is measured) is
41.9% in the US, 74.9% in Japan, 32.4% in Taiwan, but only 19.4% in
Korea. According to the Ministry, these figures show that Korea not only
has lost its competitive advantage in labor costs, but also lacks the
technological edge needed to maintain its exports. (Korea is no longer
considered a "low wage" country, and some industries that were booming
in years past, such as athletic show manufacture, are now in very
serious decline. For economic development it is important for Korea to
replace these industries with those producing more high-tech products.)
But, as a result of neglecting R&D Korea has almost no "wellspring
technology" of its own, the Ministry maintains.
I cannot verify general statements about Korean technology, but there is
ample anecdotal evidence of Korean efforts to import technology as well
as develop it internally. In the former case I note the long and
protracted discussions leading to the selection of French train
technology to be used to help build Korea's new high speed rail line
between Seoul and Pusan. The choice of France over Japan was primarily
based on the willingness of the French organizations to transfer
technology to Korea. (The Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy
is hoping that this will allow Korea to become a major exporter of
railway cars to China and Southeast Asia. Some Korean scientists,
however, felt that it would have been better for Korea to develop this
technology internally as one of the HAN projects, see below.) At a more
modest level, I note the agreement recently between the Korea Institute
of Machinery and Metals (KIMM) and the Canadian firm Servo Robot Inc
(SRI) to allow KIMM access to SRI's laser vision system technology for
use in welding, with the hope of developing welding robots. In the other
direction, Korea Heavy Industries & Construction (KHIC) is said to have
recently developed a hydrocracking reactor used for dissolving heavy oil
and removing sulphur, a key facility in oil refining. The world market
for such reactors is about US$750M of which 80% is dominated by two
Japanese makers and the remaining 20% by three European manufacturers.
KHIC hopes to have a chance to get a significant share of this market.
Taedok Science Town, adjacent to the city of Taejon, about 90 minutes
train ride from Seoul is modelled after Tsukuba in Japan. Since 1973 the
Korean government has spent over US$3B to build R&D facilities there.
These include the Electronics & Telecommunications Research Inst, Korea
Inst of S&T, Genetic Engineering Center, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Res
Inst, Korea Res Inst of Chemicals Technology, Korea Inst of Energy &
Resources, Korea Atomic Energy Research Inst, Korea Advanced Inst of S&T
(KAIST), and others. Current plans are to set up a technology innovation
center at KAIST to bridge industry and academia.
The Taejeon International Exposition (EXPO'93), an exhibition of state-
of-the-art Korean and International industrial technologies, featured
participants from 112 countries and 28 international organizations in a
"Technology Olympics". The real goal of EXPO'93 was, however, was to show
the nation and world that Korea is ready to join the ranks of the
advanced industrialized countries (i.e. G-7 nations) by 2001. Highlights
of the exhibition were the science and technology pavilions of Korea's
giant industry groups, such as Hyundai, Daewoo and Samsung which
exhibited their own prize R&D products, including Hyundai's magnetic
levitated train. EXPO also featured a few products of joint R&D efforts
among the big companies. One example is the high definition TV system,
an area in which Korea has been working hard to compete against Japan
and US. The EXPO formally closed on 7 Nov 93 but the popular science
and technology pavilions will remain open and be incorporated into the
Taeduck Science Town next spring.
The Taejeon EXPO'93 presented a good forum for witnessing and assessing
status of the Korean industrial technology development to see if Korea
is really ready to attain their national goal by 2001. Of course it is
not that simple to make this kind of judgement by simply seeing the
industry exhibits, impressive as they were. EXPO'93 seemed to be a
huge success on the basis of massive attendance, especially by the school
children who marvel at impressive shows, but more significantly, who get
a valuable lesson on benefits and importance of technology as the main
vehicle that will carry Korea into the ranks of the advanced nations,
perhaps during their lifetime.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY OF KOREAN SCIENCE ORGANIZATIONS
The following is a short summary of several Korean Science organizations
whose activities may be of interest to readers of this report (without
making any effort to be complete). Earlier reports have also discussed
most of these, in some cases giving more detail, see for example
"korea.392", 13 March 1992.
The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) plays the central role in
establishing the nation's science and technology policy, establishing
key research institutes, provides funding for them, and oversees
initiations of new national R&D projects run by these institutes. Its
primary function is to provide a central role in bringing the level of
the nation's S&T to that of the industrialized countries by the year
2001. To reach this goal, MOST initiated the Highly Advanced National
(HAN) Project a few years ago, which aims at mobilizing the government-
industry R&D to catch up with the G-7 nations in specific fields of key
commercial technologies including : advanced materials,
telecommunications, electro-optics, advanced computers and software,
machine automation, computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
The Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), created with the
financial and technical support of the US government in 1966, is the
first national research institute that was chartered to lift the level
of the nation's R&D to that of an advanced nation. After nearly two
decades of experiments and reorganization, KIST now has 8 divisions in
its Seoul headquarter site and five affiliated institutes and centers in
the Taeduck Science Town near Taejeon (mentioned above). Its current
emphasis is to focus on basic and applied research to develop new
enabling technologies for future industrial products in the fields of
materials, medical sciences, robotics, and information by initiating the
project "KIST 2000".
The Systems Engineering Research Institute (SERI), one of the KIST's
affiliated institutes, carries out a variety of software research in the
fields of system software, application software and software engineering
in cooperation with various government research institutes, industry and
universities. A main asset is a CRAY 2S supercomputer, which will be
upgraded by a 16 processor CRAY Y-MP C90 by the end of this year.
The Korea Research and Development Information Center (KORDIC),
a KIST affiliated center, is a national scientific and technical
information center - the center of information network - linked to the
government and university institutes. It acts as a central information
center handling various tasks such as on-line information distribution,
software development, standardization, database compilation and training.
The International Technology Exchange and Cooperation Center, another
KIST affiliated center, was established to promote and/or initiate
international cooperations for technical information exchanges with
advanced and developing nations. Recently, it absorbed the existing
Korea-Russia and Korea-China S&T cooperation Centers. It seems that
Korean scientists and engineers have turned their interests toward the
more willing Russian counterparts for actively seeking technology
transfers and cooperative R&D in fields where the US and Japan have been
refusing or reluctant to assist.
The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), one of
three top universities in Korea (Seoul National and POSTECH being the
other two), is a research-oriented graduate and undergraduate institute,
which aims at producing high-quality scientists and engineers for the
government and industry research institutes and universities. KAIST
comprises 6 schools -- Natural Sciences, Mechanical Engineering,
Industrial Engineering, Applied Engineering, Information and
Electronics, and Humanities and General Sciences. KAIST has high-caliber
faculty members with advanced degrees mostly obtained from renowned
Western universities and attracts top-level students from the best high
schools across the country, thanks to generous funding provided by MOST.
Last year the U.S. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology
(ABET) concluded in its critical review of the university that KAIST is
" a first-class quality institute with high-caliber programs and
students".
The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF), created by MOST in
1967, is a government supported non-profit organization pattered after
the US National Science Foundation. KOSEF has a mission to promote and
reinforce basic research conducted at the universities across the
nation. Its major contribution was to pick 30 "Centers of Excellence"
in science and engineering departments from qualified universities,
which are then provided with generous funding. Another key function of
KOSEF has been to actively promote and support international cooperative
activities including scientist exchanges and hosting joint seminars.
The Pohang Institute of Science and Technology (POSTECH), one of the top
research institutes, was established and funded largely by another
industrial giant, the Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO). With the
neighboring Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
(RIST), these form a Korean version of research "triangle" in Pohang.
Just like KAIST, over 90% of POSTECH faculty members were recruited from
well known universities and research institutes in the West, although
most are of Korean extraction. For example, the Director of the Advanced
Fluid Engineering Research Center (which was selected as one of the 30
"Centers of Excellence" by KOSEF) and the technical director of the
Pohang Light Source, a 2-GeV Synchrotron laboratory that is being built
and expected to be operational in the next year or two, have spent many
years in the US. In addition to experienced faculty, full scholarships
guarantee attracting top students from across the nation despite the
geographical inconvenience of being located far from Seoul.
The Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO) has developed into the second
largest steel company in the world after the Nippon Steel Company. As a
long term R&D plan, POSCO continues to make a heavy investment into
advanced materials and information technology R&D through joint research
cooperation among RIST, POSTECH and POSCO.
The Hyundai Heavy Industry (HHI) Shipyard in Ulsan has 7 drydocks, one
of the largest in the world and soon to combined with the new Kwangyang
yard to be built next year. In June 1993, HHI surpassed Japan in the
number of shipbuilding orders coming from other countries. HHI has
established two research institutes in the Ulsan shipyard: the Hyundai
Maritime Research Institute and Hyundai Welding and Materials Research
Institute which focuses on technology development for shipbuilding
automation including welding and painting. Large tankers get completed
in 80 days from the date of an order and it was claimed that Korea will
surpass Japan as the largest shipyard when the welding and painting are
done by robots, which they think will happen in a few years.
The Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE), created and funded
entirely by the big Daewoo Group a year ago, aims at becoming a
world-class industrial engineering research and graduate-level
university. (Daewoo has sales of more than US$30B.) Unlike KAIST,
English is used in lectures and two charter faculty members are
G.Hazelrigg (NSF, US) and D.Meneley (AECL, Canada). IAE puts emphasis
on close links with the prestigious universities around the world
including, for instance, the Advanced Institute of Physics at Princeton.
I have not yet visited IAE, although I did get a brief overview and some
literature from Dr Dug-Kyoo Choi, who is a Research Fellow and Head,
Engineering Information & Computing Center (Fax: +82 2 773-1897). IAE is
organized around four labs, electronic signal processing, automotive
technology, manufacturing technology, and electric power systems,
although the approach is highly interdisciplinary. These are situated
within the Systems Engineering Dept of Ajou University. Each lab has
detailed research areas targeted to the year 2000. Funding for IAE is as
follows.
1992 US$ 8.4M
1.6 (operating expenses)
4.6 (capital investments)
2.2 (administrative expenses)
1993 US$ 27.4M
1994 US$ 39.7M
1995 US$120.0M
2000 US$ 91.7M (estimated)
Total space requirements are estimated at 58000m^2 to support a research
staff of about 600 (and 150 admin) by the year 2000.
COMMENTS
MOST, which is charged with the central coordination responsibility for
the national mission, basically has a two-pronged approach: (1) promote
and/or increase its support to the government research institutes and
universities for improving the quality of basic and applied science and
engineering, and (2) encourage private industry to increase and
accelerate their research efforts in developing technologies in key
areas. The HAN Project (mentioned above) calls for achieving specific
goals in each of several key technology areas, but it lacks a national
target of building a system that will bring an immediate as well as
long-term benefits for the people and society. One such system could be
a high-speed train. (Some Korean senior scientists and engineers felt
that buying such a system from a foreign country, guarantees that the
Korean scientific and engineering community will continue to play a
catch-up for longer than necessary.)
The HAN Project also calls for technology transfers from the advanced
countries via cooperative R&D programs, data and scientist exchanges.
The Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) established a
detailed plan to actively promote international cooperations by
providing funds and administrative support for foreign scientists who
are willing to visit. KAIST and POSTECH also actively promote
international cooperation with Western industrialized countries and
Japan as well as with rapidly developing countries like China, in the
form of joint seminars and scientist exchanges. One major deficiency
that might hamper successful international cooperation efforts seems to
be students' poor English speaking capability at these research
institutes. I mentioned this in my last report ("pg.93" 12 Oct 1993),
and repeat it here because a Korean/American scientist who recently
returned from visiting several Korean research institutes also commented
on it to me. He noted that most faculty members are capable of
presenting their lectures in English, but this was not allowed or at
least discouraged. If true, this seems unwise, especially when Korea
will need to continue to send outstanding students abroad (mainly to the
US) to learn and keep abreast of new advanced sciences and engineering
that they may not be able to access promptly within Korea. The newly
inaugurated Institute for advanced Engineering (IAE) has decided to
address this problem by allowing English to be used in lectures, and in
fact there are a few professors hired from the US and Canada.
Korea has a good chance to achieve its goal to become an industrialized
nation by the next century. However, the nation's scientific and
technological policy and strategy must be focused. The year 2001 is only
seven years away. Korean president Kim plans to double government and
industry investment in science and technology to 5% of GNP by 2001,
which should help . A key to the success for the HAN Project is active
support and participation of industry. Also, early and genuine
technology transfers through cooperative R&D or scientist/engineer
exchanges with advanced industrialized nations are very much needed. My
impression is that the entire Korean R&D community is open and genuinely
welcomes participation from foreign scientists and engineers, especially
from the US, in cooperative R&D and/or scientist exchange programs.
Many thanks to Dr. Yong Park (ONR Asia) for help with the above sections.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
InfoScience '93
This (English language) conference, held in Seoul 21-22 Oct 1993, marked
the 20th anniversary of the Korea Information Science Society (KISS).
This conference was held with cooperation from ACM, IEEE Computer
Society, and the Information Processing Society of Japan. (After the
international meeting, a one-day Korean language meeting was also held.)
Almost 90 submitted papers were presented, representing about 50%
acceptance of those submitted. There were also nine invited papers,
four half-day tutorials, and a panel discussion. (Like some other
Asians, Koreans often are shy around foreigners. One of the Western
tutorial speakers commented to me that "the main difference from my
previous teaching experiences was the difficulty in getting the audience
to participate with questions or comments, either during the tutorial or
in the hallways outside. This made it difficult to calibrate how well
(or not) I was getting across.")
The Conference Chairperson, and also the President of KISS is
Prof. Chan Mo Park
Dean, Graduate School for Information Technology
Professor and Chairman, Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Pohang Institute of Science and Technology
P.O. Box 125
Pohang, 790-600 Korea
Tel: +82 562 279-2251; Fax: +82 562 279-2299
Email: PAR...@VISION.POSTECH.AC.KR
A conference Proceedings has been published. Please contact Prof Park or
myself for copies of the papers.
KISS, which began in 1973 with about 500 members now has 5000 individual
members and about 120 institutional members, making it one of the
largest science organizations in Korea. No one could fail to be
impressed with the strides that Korean science has made in the past
decades, and Korean scientists as well as those responsible for the
creation and nurturing of this effort should be congratulated for the
dramatic improvements. But what next?
I had extensive discussions with invited participants as well as senior
Korean scientists, and the general (shared) impression based on the
presented papers is that the work presented was good without being
ground breaking in any particular area. In a few cases, the quality of
the theoretical work is very good. POSTECH, KAIST, SERI, and SNU seem
to be the most active. However, the best papers were often from
scientists recently educated either in the West or Japan, or with
extensive collaborations outside Korea. (This is very common in less
developed countries.) Currently, Korean information science research is
moving forward based primarily on seeds planted outside. But, for the
future one or more areas needs to be nurtured to bring that research
onto an equal footing with work elsewhere. At the same time those
responsible for funding scientific developments need to be careful not
to spread resources too thinly -- focus is essential. Language
processing and translation might be candidates, as work in this area is
at an international level. Also, among the more interesting Korean
papers (to me) were those concerned with graphics, image recognition,
image understanding and other AI-related research. As applications and
collaborations with industry seem to be good, perhaps this is another
direction where Koreans might provide leadership. (The HAN project
mentioned above is a major attempt to provide focus to funding efforts.)
Parallel processing is of considerable interest in the West; there were
two sessions devoted to the topic and several papers on concurrency and
load balancing in the operating system sessions. But there were few real
applications discussed and almost no implementations. Also there was
almost nothing related to parallel computing as applied to engineering,
modeling, etc., such as that going on at the large automotive labs, or
at the government supercomputer center at SERI. (There was one paper on
using block ADI for solving partial differential equations, with
experiments run on a Cray and CM-5, but this work was all done in the
US, by S.Ma at the University of Minnesota, Email: SANG...@CS.UMN.EDU.)
It is usual for such applications to be outside the normal scope of
computer science departments, but in a relatively small country, it is
in the best interests of both the physical science and the computer
science communities to be highly collaborative. Even in traditional CS
fields, I would like to see more work directed toward validating and
testing ideas in the crucible of genuine application needs. For example,
an interesting paper on language translation proposes implementing the
system on POSTECH's POPA 64-transputer experimental system; it might be
very useful to consider a commercial system.
Because there were up to 6 sessions running concurrently, it was
possible only to sample a small slice of the conference. I attended
sessions on Programming Languages and Parallel Processing. The former
included papers on improved SK combinator graph reduction, parsing for
natural languages, incremental circular attribute grammars, program
slicing and action semantics. The parallel processing papers were on
task graph scheduling, reconfigurable processor arrays, and
architectural enhancements and compilation methodology for the DAVRID
parallel architecture (a collaboration between Sungkyunkwan and Seoul
National universities). Even though most of these were not theory
papers, with a few exceptions the results were some distance from having
practical significance. For example, work on processor scheduling, while
very nicely done assumed the existence of a static task graph as
compiler output. Work on a Unix Kernel debugger for shared memory
multiprocessors was also very good, incorporating a kernel-mode debugger
and a firmware-mode debugger which can be invoked simultaneously. But
again, this needs to be implemented in a realistic environment.
I thought that several of the papers on communications were more
application driven, including work on a new switch-based network service
(Advanced Intelligent Network), and a high speed ring ATM-based network
(HMR).
While not Korean, Dr Shunichi Uchida, who is the Director of the ICOT
Research Center in Japan (Email: UCH...@ICOT.OR.JP), gave a
comprehensive overview of the ICOT project after more than a decade of
work. He explained that five different parallel machines were built to
experiment with architectures suitable for knowledge information
processing and on those a variety of software and applications have
been developed. He admitted that the hardware was more solid and
complete than the software, but that a two-year follow-on project (4/93
to 3/95) aims to disseminate the technology, port software to more
traditional hardware, and further develop applications. Uchida is a firm
believer in both parallel computing and non-numeric knowledge computing.
A very interesting panel was held on prospects for Information Science &
Technology in the 21st Century, chaired by Prof Kwang-Hae (Kane) Kim
(Email: KA...@BALBOA.ENG.UCI.EDU) from UC Irvine. Unfortunately, with
eight panelists most of whom spoke well beyond their allotted time there
was not much opportunity for interaction or discussion. One of the most
relevant presentations was by Prof Kyu Young Whang (KAIST). Whang
mentioned key milestones in Korean technology (such as 256MB DRAM in
1996, ISDN in 1993, satellites in 1993, and plans for a super-mini
computer, Ticom III in 1994). Whang also listed several clearly
advancing technologies such as expecting HDTV by 2005. Looking to the
future he emphasized Korea's lack of software technologies as well lack
of manpower, which he claimed was an urgent problem, citing statistics
that show there are only 10% the number of skilled IT workers per capita
compared to Japan, and the need is expected to grow by a factor of 10 in
20 years. He also mentioned a lack of internalization and
professionalism and the need to build up the R&D and educational
infrastructure. For the future Whang urged Koreans to focus on
activities in the Far East and Asia, continue working on core software
technologies as well as hardware (chips and memory) and networks. He
ended his speech with a call for both long term plans and consistency.
This concept of focus was also the theme of Prof Kang G. Shin (U
Michigan), who said it very succinctly, "do everything of something,
rather than something of everything."
Dr Shunichi Uchida (ICOT, Japan) followed up on an invited talk about
the ICOT project by saying that the future of IT will be based on new
applications of parallel and distributed systems.
Prof James H. Aylor (U Virginia, J...@VIRGINIA.EDU), representing the
IEEE Computer Society, spoke mostly about IEEE information products, as
well as the need to address issues that come from the new capabilities
given to us by networks and how this will impact revenue producing
operations such as journals, etc.
Prof C.V Ramamoorthy (UC Berkeley) spoke about software engineering, and
his hope that computers will be able to compose programs in real time
and allow interactive clarification. He emphasized that future systems
would be inderdisciplinary.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
InfoScience '93 PROGRAM
PLENARY PANEL
Title INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Panel Chair Prof. Kwang-Hae (Kane) Kim (Univ. of California, Irvine, USA)
Panelists Prof. C. V. Ramamoorthy (Univ. of California, Berkeley, USA)
(tentative) Prof. Sartaj Sahni (Univ. of Florida, Gainsville, USA)
Dr. Shunichi Uchida (Director of ICOT, Japan)
Prof. Kang G. Shin (Univ. of Michigan, USA)
Dr. Hisao Yamada (Information Processing Society of Japan)
Prof. Kyu Young Whang (KAIST, Korea)
Prof. Asbjorn Rolstadas (President of IFIP, Norway)
Prof. James H. Aylor (President of IEEE/CS, USA)
This panel brings together worldwide professionals in various field of
computer and information sciences to discuss long term research issues
for opening the 21st Century. The panel will feature a lively discussion
of panelists' perspectives in each field. It is expected that a number
of controversial issues will be raised such as how we prepare the
future, what will be main issues to reach our future goal, and how such
issues will impact the current research activities.
INVITED PAPERS
I. Prof. Steve Benford (Univ. of Nottingham, UK)
'Supporting Cooperative Work in Virtual Reality'
II. Prof. Collin A. Higgins (Univ. of Nottingham, UK)
'Pen-based Computers and Cursive Script Recognition'
III. Prof. Kwang-Hae (Kane) Kim (Univ. of California, Irvine, USA)
'Achieving Ultra-High Reliability of Distributed and Parallel
Computer Systems in Safety-Critical Applications'
IV. Prof. Sang Hyuk Son (Univ. of Virginia, USA)
'Predictability and Consistency in Real-Time Database Systems'
V. Dr. Ruwei Dai (Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
'A Connectionist Syntactic/Semantic Approach for Pattern Recognition'
VI. Prof. Laszlo T. Koczy (Technial Univ. of Budapest, Hungary)
'General Algorithmic Approaches to Fuzzy Control'
VII. Dr. Shunichi Uchida (Director of ICOT, Japan)
'Knowledge Information Processing by Highly Parallel Processing'
VIII Prof. Asbjorn Rolstadas (President of IFIP, Norway)
'Application of Information Technology in Manufacturing'
IX. Dr. Nina Liang (IBM T. J. Watson Research Center USA)
'Clinical Information System'
Tutorials AM
I. Prof. C. V. Ramamoorthy (Univ. of California, Berkeley, USA)
Title : Software Engineering for Computer Communication Environment
Chair: Seung-Min Yang (Soongsil Univ., Korea)
II. Prof. Sartaj Sahni (Univ. of Florida, Gainsville, USA)
Title : Advanced Data Structures
Chair: Kyu Young Whang (KAIST, Korea)
III. Prof. Patrick S. P. Wang (Northeastern Univ., USA)
Title : Intelligent Pattern Recognition and Applications
Chair: Hyung Ill Choe (Soongsil Univ., Korea)
IV. Dr. Rishiyur S. Nikhil (DEC Cambridge Research Laboratory, USA)
Title : Scalable Shared-Memory Parallel Computing
Chair: Dae Joon Hwang (SungKyunKwan Univ., Korea)
Tutorials PM
I. Prof. C. V. Ramamoorthy (Univ. of California, Berkeley, USA)
Title : Software Engineering for Computer Communication Environment
Chair: Seung-Min Yang (Soongsil Univ., Korea)
II. Prof. Sartaj Sahni (Univ. of Florida, Gainsville, USA)
Title : Advanced Data Structures
Chair: Kyu Young Whang (KAIST, Korea)
III Prof. Patrick S. P. Wang (Northeastern Univ., USA)
Title : Intelligent Pattern Recognition and Applications
Chair: Hyung Ill Choe (Soongsil Univ., Korea)
IV. Dr. Rishiyur S. Nikhil (DEC Cambridge Research Laboratory, USA)
Title : Scalable Shared-Memory Parallel Computing
Chair: Dae Joon Hwang (SungKyunKwan Univ., Korea)
Keynote Address I
Prof. Yung Taek Kim (SNU, Korea)
Title : Machine Translation -What is, How to, Where to
Kyenote Address II
Dr. Bob C. Liang (IBM T J. Watson, USA)
Title : Uses of Parallel Computers in Digital Video Applications
TECHNICAL SESSIONS
Session I :Artificial Intelligence-I
1. 'Refinement of an Incomplete Knowledge Base by Introspective Failure-
Driven Learning'
Young-Tack Park (Soongsil Univ-, Korea)
2. 'Reducing Boundary Errors in Reconstruction of a Finite Digital Image
by the Wavelet Method'
Hyeon Jin Kim, Chung-Nim Lee (POSTECH, Korea)
3. 'Detection and Segmentation of Character Strings on Moving Objects'
Byoung-Tae Chun, Ho-Sub Yoon, Jung Soh (SERI, Korea)
4. 'Physically Grounded Means-Ends Reasoning for Human Motion Planning'
Moon-Ryul Jung, Naoyuki Okada (Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan)
5. 'A Vowel PreRecognition Method for Segmentation/Recognition on Freely
Hand-printed Hangul Lines'
Kyungsoo Ham (Dongguk Univ.), Changwoo Pyo, Youhun Won (Hongik Univ..
Korea)
Session 2 :Artificial Intelligence-II
1. 'Requirements Frame for Software Requirements Database'
Atsushi Ohnishi (Kyoto Univ., Japan)
2. 'A New Algorithm for the Printed Multi-Font Alphanumeric Characters'
Soon-Heum Baek, Jong Won Park (Chung-nam Nat'l Univ., Korea)
3. 'Automatic Detection and Classification of Weld Defects in X-Ray Inspection'
T Aibara, N. Takeda, N. Yanagihora (Ehime Uniu., Japan)
Session 3 :Artificial Intelligence-III
1. 'MTLS: An Inference-based Multistrategy Learning System
Ockkeun Lee, Gheorghe Techci (George Mason Univ., USA)
2. 'Automatic Generation of Logic Environment for Commonsense Reasoning'
Seung Soo Park, Soo Jeong Shin (Ewha Womans Univ., Korea)
3. 'A Knowledge-based Simulator Using the Prototype-delegation Method'
Young Woon Woo, Min Suk Lee, Choon-shik Park, Jaihie Kim
(Yonsei Uniu.), In Pyo Hong, Moon Kim, Dong Lae Cho (ADD, Korea)
4. 'A Search Strategy in Abstract Plan-State Space and a Final-Plan
Representation'
Suk I. Yoo, In C. Kim (SNU, Korea)
5. 'Multi-Method Planning and Learning in Soar'
Soowon Lee, Paul S. Rosenbloom (U.S.C., USA)
Invited Papers I & II
I. 'Supporting Cooperative Work in Virtual Reality'
Prof. Steve Benford (Univ. of Nottingham, UK)
II. 'Pen-based Computers and Cursive Script Recognition'
Prof. Collin A. Higgins (Univ. of Nottingham, UK)
Session 4: Software Engineering-I
1. 'The AttNet Model: A Petri Net Based Language for Modeling
Distributed Software Processes'
In Song Chung, Yong Rae Kwon (KAIST, Korea)
2. 'Conceptual Association and Its Application to Structural Modeling
and System Planning'
Takenao Ohkawa, Shin-ya Hato, Norihisa Komoda (Osaka Uniu., Japan)
3. 'CARS:to Support the Retrieval of Reusable Components'
Jeong Ah Kim, Kyun_q Whan Lee (Chungang Univ., Korea)
4. 'Program Pattern Matching for Software Maintenance'
Xiaobo Wang, Tatsuo Ishii, Kazuo Sugihora, Isao Miyamoto
(Univ. of Hawaii, USA)
5. 'Complexity Measures Based on the Number of Live Variables'
Yong-Chul Im (IDIS), Kiwon Chong, Sungyul Rhew (Soongsil Univ., Korea)
Session 5: Software Engineering-II
1. 'An Evaluation of the Dependence-Based Complexity Metrics for Distributed
Programs
Jianjun Zhao, Jingde Cheng, Kazoo Ushijima (Kyushu Univ., Japan)
2. 'A Reengineering Technique for Transformation of Functional-Oriented
Programs to Object-Based Programs'
Sangbum Lee, Donghae Chi (ETRI, Korea)
3. 'The CEO; Involvement and Participation in the Management of it in Singapore'
Ho Tcitkin, Timothy Chan, Hung Soo Pheng (Singapore Polytechnic Campus,
Singapore)
Invited Paper Ill
'Achieving Ultra-High Reliability of Distributed and Paraliel Computer
Systems in Safety-Critical Applications'
Prof. Kwang-Hoe (Kane) Kim (Univ. of California, Irvine, USA)
Session 6: Software Engineering-III
1. 'Software Modification Support with Design Histories and Petri Nets'
Jeongwon Baeg, Yasuhito Murase, Yoshiaki Fukazawo (Waseda Univ., Japan)
2. 'Automated Support for Program Understanding and Revalidation during
Software Maintenance'
Toewoong Jeon (Goldstar, Korea), Euii Man Choi (Illinois
Institute of Tech.), Anneliese von Mayrhouser (Colorado State Univ. USA)
3. 'An Object-Oriented Model for Recovered Designs in Software Reengineeing'
S. Jarzabek, C. L. Ton, K. Tham (Nat'l Univ. of Singapore, Singapore)
Invited Papers IV & V
IV. 'Predictability and Consistency in Real-Time Database Systems'
Prof. Song Hyuk Son, Young-Kuk Kim (Univ. of Virginia, USA)
V. 'A Connectionist Syntactic/Semantic Approach for Pictorial Pattern
Recognition
Dr. Ruwei Doi (Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science, China)
Session 7: Database-I
1. 'A Content-based Query to a Hypermedia Database and Its Processing
Kyhyun Urn (Dongguk Univ.), Sukho Lee (SNU, Korea)
2. 'Analysis of a Generalized Indexing Model for Object-Oriented Databases'
Forshad Fotouhi, Tae-Gong Lee, William I. Grosky (Wayne State U., USA)
3. 'Design and Evaluation of a Hybrid Access Method Based on Signature Files'
Joe Soo Yoo, Myoung Ho Kim, Yoon-Joon Lee, Jae Woo Chang (KAIST, Korea)
4. 'Binary Imposition Rules and Ternary Relationship Decomposition'
Trevor H. Jones, 11 Yeol Song (Drexel Univ., USA)
5. 'A Fuzzy Relational Data Model and Extended Semantics of Relational
Operations'
Do Heon Lee, Myoung Ho Kim (KAIST, Korea)
Session 8: Database-II
1. 'Direct Support for Conceptual Modeling and Implementation'
Hock C. Chan, Danny Poo (Not'l Univ. of Singapore, Singapore)
2. 'A Query Optimization Using the Rete Net in Object-oriented Database Systems'
Tae G. Kim, Suk I. Yoo (SNU, Korea)
3. 'Enhanced Relationships in Object-Oriented Database Modeling'
Danny B. Lange (Computer Science Institute IBM, Japan)
Session 9 : Database-III
1. 'Signature-based Access Method for Nested Attributes in Object-
Oriented and Nested Relational Databases'
Hwan-Seung Yong, Sukho Lee, Hyoung-Joo Kim (SNU, Korea)
2. 'Design and Performance Comparison of Dynamic Signature File Methods Using
Extendible Hashing'
Jeongki Kim, Joewoo Chang (Chonbuk Nat'l Univ.), Choonhi Lee (SERI, Korea)
3. 'Integrity Maintenance in a Heterogeneous Engineering Database Environment'
Sang B. Yoo (Inho Univ.), Song K. Cho (SNU, Korea)
4. 'A Query Language for Multimedia Databases'
Yunmook Nah, Sukho Lee (SNU, Korea)
5. 'Real-Time Concurrency Control Alogrithm for O-O Database Systems'
Woo Soeng Kim, Myung Hui Hong, Sung Ju Youn(Kwangwoon U, Korea)
Invited Paper Vi
'General Algorithmic Approaches to Fuzzy Control'
Prof Laszlo T. Koczy (Technical Univ. of Budapest, Hungary),
Kooru Hirota (Hosei Univ., Japan)
Neuro Computing
1. 'A Parallel Mean Field Neural Net Approach to an Unrestricted Channel
Routing Problem'
Chong Su Yu (Ch,nju Natl Teachers Univ.), Won Don Lee (Chungnam
Natl Univ., Korea)
2. 'The Fuzzy Learning Algorithm with Biological Neuron Structure'
Gwangbaek Kim, Taehwan Urn, Euiyong Cha (Pusan Natl Univ., Korea)
Session 11 :Programming Language-I
1. 'New Combinators for the Efficient Execution in Functional Languages'
Song Do Kim, Weon Hee Yoo (Inh, Univ., Korea)
2. 'GLR Parsing Algorithm with an improvement'
K G. Suresh, Hozumi Tanaka (Tokyo Institute of Tech., Japan)
3. 'Prescribing Predicate Usage to Logic Programs'
Dukkyun Woo, Changwoo Pvo (Hongik Univ., Korea)
4. 'Integrating Constraints into a Multiparadigm Language'
Timothy A. Budd, Nabil M. Zamel (Oregon'State Univ., USA)
5. 'An Efficient Incremental Evaluation and Application of Circular Attribute
Grammar'
Junglan Han, Kiho Lee (Ewha Wo-ons Univ., Korea)
Session 12: Programming Language-II
1. 'Type Checking Slicing'
Hiroshi Moruyama, Keijiro Araki (NEC, Japan)
2. 'Towards a Parameter Graph Approach to the Analysis of Recursive
Prolog Programs'
Moon-Cheun Lee (Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)
3. 'Action Semantics:A Tool for Developing Programming Languages'
Kyung-Goo Doh (Univ. of Aizu, Japan)
Session 13:Parallel Processing Systems-I
1. 'Two-Way Dominant Sequence Clustering for Processor Scheduling'
Joon-Young Park, Dongseung Kim (POSTECH, Korea)
2. 'Issues on Implementing ABCL on Massively Parallel Machines'
Gao Yaoqing, Yuen Chung Kwong (Nat'l Univ. of Singapore, Singapore)
3. 'Enhancements of DAVRID for Massively Parallel Processing'
J. H. Kim, S. Y. Han (SNU), Doe Joon Hwang (Sung Kyun Kwan
Uniu.), S. H. Cho (Kangnam Univ., Korea)
4. 'Integrating Fault-Tolerant and Functional Reconfigurations on Defective
Processor Arrays'
Joeil Han (Syracuse Univ.), Gideon Frieder (George Washington Univ., USA)
5. 'Performance Effects on Code Partitioning for Multithreaded Computer
Architectures'
Eunjung Yuk, Kwonhyung Rho, Doe Joon Hwang (Sung Kyun Kwan U, Korea)
Session 14: Parallel Processing Systems-II
1. 'Reliability Analysis for Data Redundancy in Hypercube Parallel Database
Systems'
Young J. Nam, Chan-Ik Park, Sunggu Lee (POSTECH, Korea)
2. 'Parallel Simulation Framework Using Parallel Active Object System
Approach'
Chih Lai, Toshi Minoura (Oregon State Univ., USA)
Invited Paper VII
'Knowledge Information Processing by Highly Parallel Processing'
Dr. Shunichi Uchida (Director of ICOT, Japan)
Session 15: Natural Language Processing-I
1. 'A Hybrid Method for the Semantic Analysis of Prepositional Phrases
in English-to-Korean Machine Translation'
W S. Kong, J. Y Seo, K. S. Choi, G. C. Kim (KAIST, Korea)
2. 'Soft Unification for Robust Natural Language Processing'
Hideto Tomobechi (Tokushima Univ., Japan)
3. 'Corpus-based Resolution of Functional Ambiguity in Parsing Korean'
Jaehyung Yang, Yung Taek Kim (SNU, Korea)
4. 'A Model and Technique for Approximate Match of Natural Language
Queries'
Vincent Lum, Kit-Pui Wong (Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Konq)
5. 'Resolving Translation Ambiguities Using Past Dialogues in a Parallel
Memory-Based Dialogue Translation System'
Hanmin Jung, Geunbae Lee, Jong-Hyeok Lee (POSTECH, Korea)
Session 16: Natural Language Processing-II
1. 'Analysing Ill-formed Input with Parallel Chart-based Techniques'
Thanoruk Theeramunkong, Hozumi Tanaka (Tokyo Institute of Tech., Japan)
Session 17: Communication-I
1. 'Analysis and Model for Multi-I/O-Channel CFSM'
S. C. Kim, J. Y Lee (POSTECH, Korea)
2. 'Authenticating Passwords with Smart Cards'
Chin-Chen Chang (Nat'l Chung Chen Univ.), Tzong-Chen Wu (Natl
Taiwan Institute of Tech., Taiwan)
Session 18: Communication-II
1. 'A High-available AIN Systems Platform'
Jong Uk Chae, Gwang II Jeon, Soon Sung Yang, Young Hee Lee (ETRI,
Korea)
2. 'CRS: An Optimized Internet Resource Selection Methodology Using
Clusterwise Search Technique'
Jin-Taek Jung, II-Yeol Song (Drexel Univ., USA)
3. 'Addressing Scheme for HMR Network'
Byunq Chun Jeon (ETRI), Dae Young Kim (Chungnam Nat'l Univ., Korea)
4. 'Simulation Analysis of SMDS Trial Network'
H. Park, R. Chow, Y Lee (Univ. of Florida Gainsvile, USA) L.
Nguyen, W. P. Lu (Sci. & Tech. BellSouth Telecommunication Inc.,
USA)
5. 'An Analysis of the ICF Buffer Length in DQDB'
Dong Hui Yu, Younq Ho Kim (Pusan Nat'l Univ., Korea)
Invited Paper VIII
'Application of Information Technology in Manufacturing'
Prof. Asbjorn Rolstodas (President of IFIP)
Session 19 : Computer Architecture
1. 'An ASIC Implementation of Raster Engine'
S. G. Choi, B. K. Choi, S. H. Moon, Y. C. Wee (Samsung, Korea)
2. 'Minimum Unicode STT State Assignments with Reduced-Dependency Using
SBDD'
Yong-Jin Kwon, Shuzo Yajima (Kyoto Univ., Japan)
3. 'A Design and Implementation of High Performance Cache Memory for a
Bus-Based Shared Memory Multiprocessor System'
Chansik Park (SNU, Korea), Gyungho Lee (Univ. of Minnesota, USA)
Session 20 : Operating Systems
1. 'A Unix Kernel Debugger for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems'
Sangseo Park, Sungjo Kim (Chungang Univ, Korea)
2. 'Racing Protocols in the Time Warp Operating System'
Sung Hyun Cho, David Jefferson (Univ. of California, LA, USA)
3. 'Design and Implementation of a Multimedia File System'
June Kim, Sunshin An (Korea Univ., Korea)
4. 'Defining a Concurrent System using OOVDM'
Amarit Laorokpong, Motoshi Saeki (Tokyo Institute of Tech., Japan)
5. 'A Systematic Genetic Algorithm for Task Allocation in Multiprocessor
Systemes'
In Han Bae (Hyosunq Women's Univ., Korea)
6. 'A Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm for Distributed Computing Systems'
Kyung-Woo Park, Byung-Ki Kim (Chunnom Not'l Univ., Korea)
Session 21 : Human Computer Interaction
1. 'SUIT-A Schematic User Interface Task for the Specification and the
Implementation of Graphic User Interface in
an Expert System'
Sanggil Kim, Seong Hoon Kim, Choongsik Park, Jai Hie Kim (Yonsei
Univ., Korea)
2. 'A Hypermedia Model for Computer Based Trainning'
Yeong Gil Shin, Jae Young Chang (SNU, Korea)
3. 'A Groupware for Face-to-Face Meetings to Develop Software Specifications'
Haruhiko Kai-va, Motoshi Saeki (Tokyo Institute of Tech., Japan)
Session 22: Graphics & Design Automation
1. 'Extracting 3D Depth Information from 2D Planar Gray Image'
Donyun Kim, Dongsub Cho (Ewho Womans Univ., Korea)
2. 'The Main Problem in the Application of 3D Cluster Analysis to Colour
Image Segmentation and a Method for Improving
the Problem'
Maeng-Sub Cho (SERI, Korea)
3. 'Surface Modeling of the Natural Heart Using 3-Dimensional
Reconstruction of MR Images'
Joo Young Park, Myoung Hee Kim (Ewha Womans Univ.), Bo Youn Kim, Jun
Keun Chang, Jongwon Kim, Byoung Goo Kim (SNU, Korea)
Invited Paper IX
'Clinical Information System'
Dr. Nina Liang (IBM T J. Watson Research Lob., USA)
Session 23: Algorithm
1. 'Visibility Properties Embedded in k-trees and Extremal Visibility Graphs'
Seung-Hok Choi, Sung Yong Shin, Kyung-Yong Chwa (KAIST, Korea)
2. 'A Simple Hypercube Algorithm for k-Selection'
Ajay K. Gupta, Andreas G. Photiou (Western Michigan Univ., USA)
3. 'Constructing a Centroid Tree of a Tree in Parallel'
Sung Kwon Kim (Kyungsung Univ.), Seung-Rok Kim, Kwan Woo Ryu (Kyungpook
Nat'l Uniu., Korea)
4. 'Parallel Block Preconditioned Krylov Subspace Methods for Partial
Differential Equations'
Sangback Ma (Univ. of Minnesota, USA)
Plenary Panel
Chair: Prof. Kwang-Hae (Kane) Kim (Univ. of California, Irvine, USA)
'Information Science & Technology in the 21st Century'
Panelists: Prof. C. V. Ramamoorthy (Univ. of California, Berkeley, USA)
Prof. Sartaj Sahni (Univ. of Florida, Gainsville, USA)
Dr. Shunichi Uchida (Director of ICOT, Japan)
Prof. Kang G. Shin (Univ. of Michigan, USA)
Dr. Hisao Yamada (Information Processing Society of Japan, J)
Prof. Kyu Young Whang (KAIST, Korea)
Prof. Asbjorn Rolstadas (President of IFIP, Norway)
Prof. James H. Aylor (President of IEEE/CS, USA)
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