ARTICLE: Jew Hatred as History and the Nation of Islam (fwd)
Moshe Shulman
>From: l...@pop.tiac.net
>We can go back 4,000 years to justify something that Israel wants to
do,
>but nigger, you cabn't even write your own history without our
>permission. Care to debate, Moshe?
I do not know what your name is but in any case I thought the following
would
be of interest to you and others here:
+OK 5848 octets
Return-Path: <ro...@jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il>
Received: from jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il by ix.ix.netcom.com
(8.6.9/SMI-4.1/Netcom)
id JAA09550; Mon, 9 Jan 1995 09:54:20 -0800
Received: by jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il with UUCP id AA01929
(5.65c/IDA-1.4.4); Mon, 9 Jan 1995 19:46:02 +0200
Date: Mon, 9 Jan 1995 19:46:02 +0200
Message-Id: <0098A327.E...@aspen.fhda.edu>
Errors-To: ji...@jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il
Reply-To: m-de...@jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il
Originator: m-de...@jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il
Sender: m-de...@jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il
Precedence: bulk
From: "Dan Leeson: LEE...@admin.fhda.edu" <lee...@aspen.fhda.edu>
To: Multiple recipients of list <m-de...@jerusalem1.datasrv.co.il>
Subject: Slave Trade and the Jews: Part 1 of 7
X-Listserver-Version: 6.0 -- UNIX ListServer by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Comment: About Missionaries and Us
This will be a long posting. I have received permission
both from the author David Brion Davis and the NY
Review of Books to reproduce in its entirety the essay
"The Slave Trade and the Jews," first published in the
Dec. 22, 1994 "New York Review of Books." Despite the
title of this publication, it has contributions that are not
book reviews and David Brion Davis' "The Slave Trade
and the Jews" is just such a case. In presenting the
material I point out that I am unable to adhere to
publishing standards in italics, underlining, footnoting,
etc. Such, for the moment at least, is beyond the
capability of my Internet system.
David Brion Davis is Sterling Professor of History at
Yale. His books include "The Problem of Slavery in
Western Culture," "Slavery and Human Progress," and,
most recently, "Revolutions: Reflections on American
Equality and Foreign Liberations."
One final comment before presenting this material. My
motivation for making this essay more widely available
is not with the attitude of "Ah, but you have your facts
wrong about the Jews and the Slave Trade. Let me
clarify the issue with some evidence and then you will
understand that you are wrong."
That is a useless way to argue with an anti-Semite for it
does no good. It is not for people who believe such offal
that I am posting this but for those Jews (and hopefully
our Gentile brethren, too) who internalize such
accusations and say, "Well, if the research arm of the
Nation of Islam presents so many footnotes, maybe the
Jews really did trade in slaves to the extent that these
people say." It is to avoid that kind of internalization
that I present Davis' essay exactly as written.
The essay begins now.
--------------------------------------------------
The Slave Trade and the Jews
David Brion Davis
The ghastly slave trade from Africa to the Atlantic sugar
islands such as Madeira and Sao Tome and then to the
Western Hemisphere began in the mid-1400s and
flourished for four centuries. Though historians
continue to debate the numbers, it now seems probable
that from twelve to fifteen million Africans were forcibly
shipped out from their continent by sea. Millions more
perished in African wars or raids for enslavement and
in the deadly transport of captives from the interior to
slave markets on the coast.
The participants in the Atlantic slave system included
Arabs, Berbers, scores of African ethnic groups, Italians,
Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutch, Jews, Germans, Swedes,
French, English, Danes, white Americans, Native
Americans, and even thousands of New World
blacks who had been emancipated or were descended
from freed slaves but who then became slaveholding
farmers or planters themselves. Responsibility, in short,
radiated outward to peoples of every sort who had
access to the immense profits generated from the
world's first system of multinational production for a
mass market - production of sugar, tobacco, coffee,
chocolate, rum, dye-stuffs, rice, spices, hemp, and
cotton.
Today it is both remarkable and deeply disturbing to
discover that this Atlantic slave system evoked little if
any meaningful protest until the late eighteenth century.
When it did finally appear, the Anglo-American
antislavery movement was overwhelmingly religious in
character, and drew on developments in sectarian and
evangelical Protestantism. [Footnote 1] Yet the world's
religions had long given slavery its ultimate sanction.
Catholic popes enthusiastically blessed and authorized
the first Portuguese slave traders in West Africa. For
centuries Muslim jihads justified the enslavement of
untold numbers of sub-Saharan infidels. In eighteenth-
century Barbados the Church of England acquired
possession of hundreds of slaves whose chests were
branded with the letters "SOCIETY" to signify
ownership by the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel. As late as the 1750s many devout British and
American Quakers were actively involved in the slave
trade. The small number of Jews who lived in the
Atlantic community took black slavery as much for
granted as did the Catholics, Muslims, Lutherans,
Huguenots, Calvinists, and Anglicans. And while at
least one Jewish merchant joined New York's first
antislavery society in the 1790s, Judaism was as
resistant as other tradition-oriented religions to such
intellectual and moral innovations.
For four centuries the African slave trade was an integral and
indispensable part of European expansion and settlement of the New
World. Until the 1830s the flow of coerced African labor exceeded all
the smaller streams of indentured white servants and voluntary white
immigrants willing to endure the risks of life in the Western
Hemisphere. The demand for labor was especially acute in the
tropical and semitropical zones that produced the staples and thus the
wealth most desired by Europeans. In the mid-1700s the value of
exports to Britain from the British West Indies was more than ten
times that of exports from colonies north of the Chesapeake. And the
economy of the northern colonies depended in large measure on trade
with Caribbean markets, which depended in turn on the continuing
importation of African labor to replenish a population that never came
close to sustaining itself by natural increase.
Fortunately for the planters, merchants, consumers, and other
beneficiaries of this lethal system, West Africa offered a cheap and
seemingly unlimited supply of slave labor, and the efforts of African
kings to stop the ruinous sale of subjects were few and ineffective.
Long before the Portuguese African voyages of the fifteenth century,
Arab and Berber merchants had perfected the trans-Saharan slave
trade and had delivered hundreds of thousands of black slaves to
regions extending from the Persian Gulf (via a seaborne trade from
East Africa) to Egypt, Sicily, Morocco, and Spain. Sharply divided by
tribal rivalries, black Africans never looked upon one another as a
homogeneous African "race." Most tribes and kingdoms were
accustomed to a variety of forms of servitude, and developed highly
sophisticated methods for recruiting captives and bartering slaves for
coveted commodities, eventually including firearms, which Arabs or
the Portuguese could bring from distant lands. The political power
and commercial networks of the Sokoto caliphate, the Asante, and the
Yoruba states, to name only three examples, were wholly at odds with
the popular picture of "primitive" peoples overawed and dominated by
European military might.
Though first monopolized by the Portuguese, the Atlantic slave trade
attracted ships from the Netherlands, France, Britain, Denmark,
Spain, Sweden, and the English mainland colonies. Even the northern
German ports sought to cash in on the lucrative traffic. How did Jews
fit into this picture? To keep matters in perspective, we should keep
in mind that in 1290 England expelled its entire Jewish population;
only a scattering of migrants began to return in the latter half of the
seventeenth century. In France a series of expulsions and massacres
in the fourteenth century virtually demolished the medieval Jewish
communities. In Spain, beginning in the mid-fourteenth century, a
much larger Jewish population was subjected to periodic massacres,
forced conversion, mob attacks, and final expulsion in 1492. Most of
the refugees fled to Turkey and other Muslim lands. The estimated
100,000 Jews who escaped into Portugal were soon compelled to accept
Christianity. Large numbers of these "New Christians" intermixed
with the "Old Christian" population and lost any Jewish identity,
although the Inquisition continued to search for the signs of secret
Jewish rituals that could bring arrest, torture, and death.
By the 1570s, during the beginning of Brazil's sugar boom, which
depended on African slave labor, Judaism as a religion had been
virtually wiped out in England, France, the Germanies, Spain,
Portugal, the Low Countries, and most of Italy; the great mass of
Jewish survivors had emigrated to Poland, Lithuania, and Ottoman
lands in the Balkans and Turkey. No professing Jews were allowed to
contaminate the Spanish or Portuguese colonies of the New World; in
the 1680s they were also banned from the French West Indies and
restricted in British Barbados. These sustained anti-Semitic measures
clearly reduced the opportunity Jews might have had for participating
in the Atlantic slave system and certainly precluded any Jewish
"initiation," "domination," or "control" of the slave trade. Yet the
continuing persecution and exclusion, especially of the "New
Christians" or Marranos, did lead to a desperate search for new
commercial opportunities in the New World, where there was less
surveillance by the Inquisition, and in the rebellious Spanish province
of the Netherlands, which struggled from 1568 to 1648 to win
independence. [Footnote 2]
At this point one must emphasize that Jews, partly because of their
remarkable success in a variety of hostile environments, have long
been feared as the power behind otherwise inexplicable evils. For
many centuries they were the only non-Christian minority in nations
dedicated to the Christianization and thus the salvation of the world.
Signifying an antithetical Other, individual Jews were homogenized
and reified as a "race" - a race responsible for crucifying the Savior,
for resisting the dissemination of God's word, for manipulating kings
and world markets, for drinking the blood of Christian children, and,
in modern times, for spreading the evils of both capitalism and
communistic revolution. Responsibility for the African slave trade
(and even for creating and spreading AIDS) has recently been added
to this long list of crimes. [Footnote 3]
Such fantasies were long nourished by the achievements of a very
small number of Jews who, barred from landholding, the army, and
traditional crafts and professions, took advantage of their
cosmopolitan knowledge and personal connections that favored access
to markets, credit, and such highly desired commodities as diamonds,
spices, wool, and sugar. Much of the historical evidence regarding
alleged Jewish or New Christian involvement in the slave system was
biased by deliberate Spanish efforts to blame Jewish refugees for
fostering Dutch commercial expansion at the expense of Spain. Given
this long history of conspiratorial fantasy and collective
scapegoating,
a selective search for Jewish slave traders becomes inherently anti-
Semitic unless one keeps in view the larger context and the very
marginal place of Jews in the history of the overall system. It is
easy
enough to point to a few Jewish slave traders in Amsterdam,
Bordeaux, or Newport, Rhode Island. But far from suggesting that
Jews constituted a major force behind the exploitation of Africa,
closer
investigation shows that these were highly exceptional merchants, far
outnumbered by thousands of Catholics and Protestants who flocked
to share in the great bonanza.
I should add that in trying to determine who was or was not a covert
Jew, the historian comes perilously close to acting like the
Inquisition.
In the early eighteenth century a large number of Brazilian planters,
said to be Marranos, were arrested by the Inquisition, extradited, and
taken to Lisbon for trial. By any modern definition, excluding the
racial definition of the Nazis, these planters were not Jews. Yet
various historians have counted such Marranos as Jews and have
assumed that an earlier Brazilian planter, Jorge Homen Pinto, who
owned six sugar mills, 370 slaves, and a thousand oxen, was a Jew.
More careful investigation h, however, reveals that Pinto passed the
most stringent racial tests as an Old Christian.
Jews and Jewish names are virtually absent from the texts and indexes
of all the scholarly works on the Atlantic slave trade and from recent
monographs on the British, French, Dutch, and Portuguese branches
of the commerce in slaves. To expose the supposedly "secret
relationship" between Jews and slavery, anti-Semites have therefore
turned to histories of the Jews in such regions as Amsterdam, Brazil,
and Curacao. These works provide material that can easily be
misquoted, distorted, and put in totally misleading contexts.
To give only two examples, "The Secret Relationship" asserts that "Dr.
Wiznitzer claims that Jews 'dominated the slave trade,' then the most
profitable enterprise in that part of the world." The footnote refers
to
a book review by Herbert I. Bloom which in no way supports this
statement. The Nation of Islam authors never acknowledge that
Arnold Wiznitzer, whose "Jews in Colonial Brazil" is frequently cited
writes that "[I]t cannot be said that Jews played a dominant role in
Dutch Brazil from 1630 to 1654.
>From Columbus to Jean Lafitte, the slave-dealing New Orleans pirate,
the authors pounce on the most far-fetched claims of "crypto-Jewish"
identify. Florida's Senator David Yulee renounced his Jewish origins,
converted to Christianity, and even claimed he was descended from a
Moroccan prince. But since Yulee took a strongly pro-slavery position
in the Senate, the Nation of Islam authors count him as a Jew. Such
techniques hardly conform to the standards of fairness, justice, and
"great sensitivity" set forth at the beginning of the book in a
remarkably hypocritical "Editor's Note." But more insidious than the
misquotations and slipshod documentation is the total lack of
historical context. Even if every purported "fact" presented in "The
Secret Relationship" were true, the uninformed reader would never
suspect that for every Jew involved in the Atlantic slave system there
were scores or even hundreds of Catholics and Protestants.
In actuality, Jews had no important role in the British Royal African
Company or in the British slave trade of the eighteenth century, which
transported by far the largest share of Africans to the New World.
According to the Dutch historians Pieter C. Emmer and Johanes
Menne Postma, Jews had a very limited and subordinate role even at
the height of the Dutch slave trade in the seventeenth century: "They
did not serve on the Heren X, the directorate of the Dutch West India
Company. Their investment share amounted to only 0.5 (or one two-
hundredth) of the company's capital." [Footnote 4] I should add that
between 1685 and 1674 the Jewish investment in the slave-trading
West India Company seems to have risen to 6 or even 10 percent.
Keeping in mind that the Dutch share of the trade accounted only 16
percent of the total, one sees how small the involvement was, and it is
as close as Jews ever came to "dominating" the nefarious Atlantic
traffic.
If we expand the issue beyond the slave trade itself, small numbers of
Sephardi Jews and Marranos were crucial to the process of refining
and marketing sugar and then in shifting transatlantic commerce,
including the slave trade, from Portugal to Northern Europe.
Throughout the Mediterranean, Jews had acquired expertise in
refining and marketing sugar, which until the eighteenth century was
a much-desired luxury only the well to do could afford. Marranos and
Italians were prominent in the international sugar trade of the
fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Some of them helped to establish
sugar plantations in Madeira and Sao Tome, in the Gulf of Guinea.
Indeed in 1493, when Portugal was flooded with Jewish refugees from
Spain, the government forcibly baptized their children, large numbers
of whom were separated from their parents, and shipped off to Sao
Tome as colonists. Most of these Marrano children died, but some
survived to become sugar planters, an occupation that was hardly a
matter of choice.
The Marranos who moved to Brazil took with them the technical skills
of artisans, foremen, and merchants, and took a leading part in
developing the sugar export industry. Other Marranos, who sailed
with Portuguese expeditions to the Kongo Kingdom and Angola,
became expert at contracting for cargoes of slave labor. There can be
no doubt that these New Christians contributed much to transform
Portugal into Europe's first major supplier of slave=grown sugar. Yet
given the extent of intermarriage and loss of Jewish identity, most
Marranos were "Jewish" only in their vulnerability to suspicion,
persecution, and anti-Semitic fantasies of conspiracy. Ironically, the
Inquisition's anti-Semitic crusade, which "fabricated Jews like the
mint
coined money," as one cynical Inquisitor observed, convinced other
Europeans that Portugal was a nation of crypto-Jews, as exemplified
by the coarse Castilian proverb: 'A Portuguese was born of a Jew's
fart.'"
Fears of Jewish power were greatly stimulated by the leadership
Marranos and professing Jews took in marketing Portuguese East
Indian spices and then sugar throughout northern Europe, especially
after they became allied with the rebellious Dutch and heretical
Protestants. Although the Dutch barred professing Jews from many
trades and occupations - it was apparently not until 1655 that two
Jewish merchants received permission from the Amsterdam
government to establish a sugar refinery - the Netherlands presented
a climate of relative religious toleration that encouraged the founding
of synagogues and the revival of a small Jewish religious community.
The Twelve Years' Truce with the then united Spain and Portugal,
from 1608 to 1621, helped the Dutch Sephardi merchants expand
various branches of trade with the Iberian Peninsula, Brazil, and
Africa. Their knowledge of Spanish and Portuguese, as well as the
intricacies of international finance, gave them a particular advantage
in procuring and marketing sugar.
Even though Jewish merchants suffered from the resumption of the
war with Spain and from Europe's Thirty Years' War, they retained
temporary control of sugar and its distribution, which should not be
confused with control of the Dutch slave trade. This involvement with
sugar was largely the result of the Dutch conquest of northeastern
Brazil in the early 1630s. By 1645 some 1,450 Jews made up about
one-half of the white civilian population of Dutch Brazil and owned
about 6 percent of its sugar mills. Jewish merchants brought a large
share of the slaves transported by the Dutch West India Company and
then retailed them to Portuguese planters on credit, arousing
complaints of high prices and interest rates. A few Amsterdam Jews,
such as Diego Dias Querido, originally a native of Portugal, challenged
the WJC monopoly and chartered their own ships to transport slaves
from Africa to Brazil or the Spanish Caribbean. But the Jewish
presence in Brazil was short-lived. In the early 1650s, with the
collapse of the Dutch occupation and the impending return of the
Portuguese, Jews faced the choice of emigration or death.
Some of the emigres from Brazil moved northwestward to the
Caribbean, where they were soon joined by Jewish and Marrano
entrepreneurs from Holland. There were a number of reasons for the
upsurge of interest in the Caribbean. By the 1650s the British island
of Barbados had made a decisive conversion from tobacco to sugar, as
African slaves and a new class of large planters replaced a population
of white indentured servants. In 1662 Spain awarded an asiento
(monopoly contract) to the Dutch West Indian Company, seeking a
non-Portuguese source of African slaves for the Spanish Caribbean
colonies. The main asientista, or monopoly contractor, was the
Protestant banker Balthazar Coymans, and Jews had little to do with
the WIC shipments of slaves from Africa. Still, in 1664 the king of
Spain appointed don Manuel de Belmonte, a Jew of Spanish origin,
his Agent-General in Amsterdam for the procurement of slaves. And
it was in Curacao, which Marranos had helped to establish in 1651,
that Jews found their main outlet for selling slaves and Dutch
manufactured foods along the Spanish Main.
For a time Curacao became the great entrepot of the Caribbean,
trading legally and illegally with Barbados and other rising British
and French colonies as well as with the Spanish mainland. In the
eighteenth century Jews made up about half the population of Curacao
- as opposed to one percent of the population of New York City - and
seem to have been involved mainly in the transshipment of
commodities other than slaves to the Spanish colonies. The mainland
Spanish colonies never developed true plantation systems; their
demand for slaves decline abruptly in the eighteenth century, since
they could not begin to compete with colonies like Jamaica, St.
Domingue, and Brazil, which constituted the heart of Atlantic slave
system and which imported their labor directly from Africa.
The one colony where a significant number of Jews took up plantation
agriculture was Suriname, or what later became Dutch Guiana. The
religious freedom of the Dutch colonies allowed Jews to establish their
own self-governing town, Joden Savanne (Jewish Savannah), in the
interior jungle. There in the last seventeenth and early eighteenth
centuries the Sephardim lived the life of sugar planters, extracting
labor from African slaves in one of the most deadly and oppressive
environments in the New World. Suriname, however, never became a
major sugar-producing region.
The significant point is not that a few Jewish slave dealers changed
the course of history, which would have been the same without Jewish
slave traders and planters. The significant point is that Jews found
the threshold of liberation from second-class status or worse, in a
region dependent on black slavery. Before turning to the sobering and
depressing part of this message, I should stress that even with regard
to the Dutch Sephardi sugar trade, we're dealing with a few hundred
families. By the 1670s the Dutch sugar boom had ended and Britain
would soon emerge as the world's greatest sugar importer and slave-
trading nation. In Barbados, to be sure, there were fifty-four Jewish
households in 1680. But these were not great slave traders or
planters; they were mostly the managers of retail shops and
moneylending firms who owned fewer slaves per household (three)
than the non-Jewish residents of Bridgetown.
To keep matters in perspective, we should note that in the American
South, in 1830, there were only 120 Jews among the 45,000
slaveholders owning twenty or more slaves and only twenty Jews
among the 12,000 slaveholders owning fifty or more slaves. Even if
each member of this Jewish slaveholding elite had owned 714 slaves -
a ridiculously high figure in the American South - the total number
would only equal the 100,000 slaves owned by black and colored
planters in St. Domingue in 1789, on the eve of the Haitian
Revolution.
In actuality, so far as ownership of slaves is concerned, the free
people
of color in the Caribbean greatly surpassed the much smaller number
of Jews. Even in Charleston, South Carolina, the percentage of free
African Americans who owned slaves increased from one half to three
quarters as one moved up the socio-economic scale as indicated by the
ownership of real estate. The thousands of Southern black slave
owners included freedpeople who had simply purchased family
members or relatives. But there were also colored planters, especially
in Louisiana, who owned more than fifty or even one hundred slaves.
The allure of profits and power transcended all distinctions of race,
ethnicity, and religion.
No one should defend the small number of Jews who bought and sold
slaves, or who forced slaves to cut cane on the estates of Joden
Savanne. No one should defend the infinitely larger number of
Catholics and Protestants who built the Atlantic slave system, or
defend the Muslims who initiated the process of shipping black
African slaves to distant markets, or defend the Africans who captured
and enslaved perhaps twenty million other Africans in order to sell
them to European traders for valuable and empowering goods. But
while posterity has the right and even duty to judge the past, we must
emphatically renounce the dangerous though often seductive belief in
a collective guilt that descends through time to every present and
future generation.
While insisting that no group is responsible for the sins of its
ancestors, I find it deeply disturbing that many Jews, including those
who established the first synagogue in Curacao, found a path to their
own liberation and affluence by participating in a system of commerce
that subjected another people to contempt, dishonor, coerced labor,
and degradation. It has even been said that the more enlightened
leaders of eighteenth-century Europe were much swayed by the early
achievements of enfranchised Jews in Dutch Brazil, the Caribbean,
and North America. [Footnote 5] This is one side or aspect of the
dismal truth that our New World - conceived as a land of limitless
opportunity, breaking the crust of old restraints, traditions, and
prejudices - was made possible only by the near extinction of
indigenous populations and by the dehumanizing subjugation of the
so-called African race.
[Footnote 1]: I have analyzed the origins of anti-slavery
thought in two books: "The Problem of Slavery in
Western Culture" (Oxford University Press, 1988) and
"The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution"
(Cornell University Press, 1975).
[Footnote 2] For some of this information I am much indebted to
Seymour Drescher, "The Role of Jews in the Transatlantic Salve
Trade," Immigrants and Minorities, Vol. 12 (july 1993), pp. 113-125.
[Footnote 3] For the extreme example of anti-Semitic accusations
masquerading as a documented history of Jewish involvement in the
slave trade and American slavery, see "The Secret Relationship
Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One" (The Nation of Islam, 1991).
This book begins by suggesting that the expulsion of Jews from forty-
six specified European cities and states was the result of the Jews'
"economic exploitation, monopolizing, or 'sharp practice,'" which
"incited the moral indignation of Europe's Gentile population" (p. 10).
As the Jews escaped "with considerable sums of money," "[sic] they
would reunite later in an unholy coalition of kidnappers and slave
makers" (pp. 12-13). The Atlantic slave system was essentially the
creation of those roving refugees and "secret Jews" (Marranos), who
"procured Black Africans by the tens of thousands and funnelled them
to the plantations of South America and throughout the Caribbean"
(p. 19). Displaying 1,275 footnotes, most of them citing respectable
works by Jewish historians, "The Secret Relationship" moves on to the
American South and Civil War to a section on "Jews and the Rape of
Black Women," and to a final lengthy rogues's gallery of Jews, or
"Chosen People," who participated in "the Black Holocaust." Any
reader who accepts this work as legitimate and accurate history - and
the volume has been widely distributed in black communities - would
have to conclude that Jews were mainly responsible for New World
slavery and its tragic legacy, and have long been the worst enemy of
the African race. The deceptive and malicious nature of the Nation of
Islam's volume has been exposed by the booklets "Jew Hatred as
History: An Analysis of the Nation of Islam's 'The Secret Relationship
Between Blacks and Jews'" (Anti-Defamation League, 1933), and
Harold Brackman, "Farrakhan's Reign of Historical Error: The Truth
Behind The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews" (The Simon
Wiesenthal Center, 1992).
[Footnote 4] Drescher, "The Rose of Jews in the Transatlantic Slave
Trade."
[Footnote 5] See my "Slavery and Human Progress" (Oxford
University Press, 1984), p. 101.
--
+=========================+=========================+
| /\ | |
| ____/_ \____ | |
| \ ___\ \ / | |
| \/ / \/ / | Moshe Shulman |
| / /\__/_/\ | mshu...@ix.netcom.com |
| /__\ \_____\ | |
| \ / | |
| \/ | |
+=========================+=========================+
Moshe Shulman
>From: l...@pop.tiac.net
>Moshe Shulman wrote:
>> That's absurd. I have no doubt that some Jews were involved. So
>> what?
>Thank you! I will use this precise reasoning when April 15th rolls
>around and I am asked to contribute some portion of 10 or so billion
to
>people I never saw before. If The Secret Relationship is
"anti-Semitic"
>now, what about the 1,275 footnotes of quotes from Jewish sources like
>J.R. Marcus, the Encyc. Judaica, the American Jewish Historical
Society,
>etc.? Were they "anti-Semitic" when they wrote the reams of damning
>information published in their books? Also, why are the 30 or more
>books and hundreds of articles specifically about the relationship
>between Blacks and Jews wriiten almost entirely by Jews and why do
they
>get upset when our scholars deal with these issues.
Let me explain why it IS anti-semetic. To say that 'Jews' were
involved is factual and I don't think anyone is denying that there
were Jews involved. To say 'THE JEWS' were involved is an
anti-semetic lie, just like saying The Jews killed Jesus.
>We can go back 4,000 years to justify something that Israel wants to
do,
>but nigger, you cabn't even write your own history without our
>permission. Care to debate, Moshe?
Sure. First since you seem to think that I am responsible for your
ancestors being brought to this country, would you tell me the name
of one of MY ancestors who was personnaly responsible? (BTW I have
only one grandparent born in the US and no relatives here before the
1880's. My relatives were from Eastern Europe).
l...@tiac.net
David Brion Davis, Winthrop Jordan, Harold Brackman and the other Jewish
"historians" have all made statements about Jewish involvement in the
slave trade that, prior to The Secret Relationship, would have gotten
them condemned as anti-Semites. All, by the way, in their earlier
writings, "credit" the Jews of early Europe from inventing the Hamitic
Myth which condemns Blacks to slavery.
The relationship between Blacks and Jews has been, at best, a stormy
one. Of the dozens of books and hundreds of articles published on the
subject, only one has engendered so much fear and hostility - The Secret
Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One.
l...@tiac.net
Notice to readers. I posted this "anti-Semitic" statement by the
highest of American Jewish scholars. Believe me, no Nation of Islam
scholar will be hired to edit ANY Am. Jew. His. Soc. publication. Notice
that he uses the "anti-Semitic" term "Jews" as a catch-all phrase to
describe the activity of some Jews. The NOI is "anti-Semitic" - Dr.
Raphael is elevated and celebrated at Brandeis. Once again:
Dr. Marc Lee Raphael is the current editor of American Jewish History,
the journal of the American Jewish Historical Society at Brandeis
University in Massachusetts (Jews and Judaism in the United States a
Documentary History (New York: Behrman House, Inc., Pub, 1983), p. 14.):
"Jews also took an active part in the Dutch colonial slave trade;
indeed, the bylaws of the Recife and Mauricia congregations (1648)
included a (Jewish tax) of five soldos for each Negro slave a Brazilian
Jew purchased from the West Indies Company. Slave auctions were
postponed if they fell on a Jewish holiday. In Curacao in the
seventeenth century, as well as in the British colonies of Barbados and
Jamaica in the eighteenth century, Jewish merchants played a major role
in the slave trade. In fact, in all the American colonies, whether
French (Martinique), British, or Dutch, Jewish merchants frequently
dominated. This was no less true on the North American mainland, where
during the eighteenth century Jews participated in the 'triangular
trade' that brought slaves from Africa to the West Indies and there
exchanged them for molasses..."
How about a comment on this - please. Please.
Ethel Jean Saltz
I don't understand how people wouldn't generally expect Jews and
Blacks to have some confusing relationships. While both have been
scapegoated, the blacks have taken on the religion of the the very
group that scapegoated the Jews. How does one reconcile this messy
situation?
l...@tiac.net wrote:
>David Brion Davis, Winthrop Jordan, Harold Brackman and the other Jewish
>"historians" have all made statements about Jewish involvement in the
>slave trade that, prior to The Secret Relationship, would have gotten
>them condemned as anti-Semites. All, by the way, in their earlier
>writings, "credit" the Jews of early Europe from inventing the Hamitic
>Myth which condemns Blacks to slavery.
>The relationship between Blacks and Jews has been, at best, a stormy
>one. Of the dozens of books and hundreds of articles published on the
>subject, only one has engendered so much fear and hostility - The Secret
>Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One.
>http://www.tiac.net/users/lhl
be-ahavah ve-shalom EthelJean of Creekbend
MAC-NIET-SPIN-GAL/0387A.G./Khai Y'all
Jason Menayan
All of this discussion fails to place the overwhelmingly largest blame of
the slave trade on non-Jewish European settlers, and the fact that the
modern slave trade is conducted by Muslim Arabs (note: Sudan).
--
Jason Menayan
jmen...@slip.net
Jason Menayan
Reposting article removed by rogue canceller. See news.admin.net-abuse.announce
for further information.
Moshe Shulman
>From: l...@tiac.net
>David Brion Davis, Winthrop Jordan, Harold Brackman and the other
Jewish
Mr. Noname, I posted here an article by the first person here who (I
believe) quotes from the others. WHy do you not address it? He
disagrees with YOUR conclusions.
fr...@panix.com
By becoming loopy, non-Muslim "Black Muslims" like what's his name
down there. VVVVVV
nie...@airmail.net (Ethel Jean Saltz) wrote:
>I don't understand how people wouldn't generally expect Jews and
>Blacks to have some confusing relationships. While both have been
>scapegoated, the blacks have taken on the religion of the the very
>group that scapegoated the Jews. How does one reconcile this messy
>situation?
>l...@tiac.net wrote:
>>David Brion Davis, Winthrop Jordan, Harold Brackman and the other Jewish
>>"historians" have all made statements about Jewish involvement in the
>>slave trade that, prior to The Secret Relationship, would have gotten
>>them condemned as anti-Semites. All, by the way, in their earlier
>>writings, "credit" the Jews of early Europe from inventing the Hamitic
>>Myth which condemns Blacks to slavery.
>>The relationship between Blacks and Jews has been, at best, a stormy
>>one. Of the dozens of books and hundreds of articles published on the
>>subject, only one has engendered so much fear and hostility - The Secret
>>Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One.
>>http://www.tiac.net/users/lhl
>be-ahavah ve-shalom EthelJean of Creekbend
>MAC-NIET-SPIN-GAL/0387A.G./Khai Y'all
=================================================================
Shining a flashlight on the ugly underside of the 'net: http://www.webmagazine.com/Features/Hate/splash.html
NOT Winwood: http://www.nj.com/maxwells/archive/wynn.html
The Homepage that made Milwaukee famous: http://pages.nyu.edu/~aem0608
םימוח םילדנס יל שי
My first Hebrew sentence.
l...@tiac.net
Moshe Shulman wrote:
>
>
> Mr. Noname, I posted here an article by the first person here who (I
> believe) quotes from the others. WHy do you not address it? He
> disagrees with YOUR conclusions.
>
question here. It is obvious by your postings that you have not read
The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One, and can
not, therefore, comment about the issues raised by it with any
legitimacy. I do not accept your "inherent" knowledge and you have
offered no cogent proof of it. Slogans and folklore are of no value to
this debate.
David Brion Davis has never written more than a few dismissive sentences
about Jews and the slave trade in the many years he has been dribbling
on about slavery. His Slavery in Western Culture was generally held to
be "300 pages to say nothing" by Black scholars in the field. I have
read it and fully concur with that assessment. The topic of this thread
references The Secret Relationship. Because I am the only one
respectful enough to have actually studied the given subject I have had
to engage in a monologue with some annoying convulsive utterances from
the synagogue set. Davis' methods are typically nefarious - claim that
the book (which has been banned by major book distributers and therefore
is generally unavailable for comparison) has reached "conclusions" and
then argue indignantly against these inventions and appear to have
definitively rebuked said book. (Bro. Gangsta recently refered to this
well-established ploy)
When you said "He disagrees with your conclusions" it only proved your
fawning acceptance of the ruse and your superficial analytical
endowments. For, I did not advance any "conclusions". Additionally,
The 1,275 footnotes of The Secret Relationship accurately reference
hundreds of heretofore reputable Jewish historians who hold high places
and honors within the hallowed realm of Judaica (as I have exampled in
other postings re: Dr. Raphael). THESE folks disagree with DAVIS'
conclusions. Davis, like you, refuses to engage his fellow Jewish
scholars whose words are firmly ensconced in black and white indicting
the twisted folklore that was once called Black/Jewish history.
When Dr. Wiznitzer claimed (in 1960) that Jews "dominated the slave
trade" in Brazil, why am I anti-Semitic in 1996? Why won't Davis
confront HIM? Why does he sheepishly "confront" only the Blacks who
quote Wiznitzer? Your racism exposed, point made. There were some good
Nazis, but I firmly say that historically the Nazis oppressed the Jews.
There are some good Jews, but I firmly say that historically the Jews
oppressed the Blacks.
To conclude I will advance another of Dr. Wiznitzer's conclusions:
"The West India Company, which monopolized imports of slaves from
Africa, sold slaves at public auction against cash payment. It happened
that cash was mostly in the hands of Jews. The buyers who appeared at
the auctions were almost always Jews, and because of this lack of
competitors they could buy slaves at low prices."
The Secret Relationship, p. 29. I advocate using history to guide our
future intergroup policies and relationships. My people, Black people,
agree with the wisdom of this principle.
Moshe Shulman
>From: l...@tiac.net
>Moshe Shulman wrote:
>> Mr. Noname, I posted here an article by the first person here who (I
>> believe) quotes from the others. WHy do you not address it? He
>> disagrees with YOUR conclusions.
>It is rude to expect only one of us to have read the material in
>question here. It is obvious by your postings that you have not read
>The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, Volume One, and can
>not, therefore, comment about the issues raised by it with any
>legitimacy. I do not accept your "inherent" knowledge and you have
>offered no cogent proof of it. Slogans and folklore are of no value
to
>this debate.
Listen this is getting to be boreing. I have never said that NO Jews
were involved. Let us for one moment say that you are right. Let's say
that in England, Holland, and their New World colonies the slave trade
was headed by Jews. (I doubt the truth of this, but in order to show
what kind of racist you really are, I will assume your facts are
correct.) Please provide 1. Percent of Jews in Holland/England and the
colonies who were involved in the slave trade? 2. Percent of world
Jewry that the Jews of Holland/England and their colonies represent. 3.
Using 1 and 2 find the percent of Jews involved in the slave trade.
Now taking 3 in mind I want you (and anyone reading this) to decide
which of the following two racist statments are 'worse' factually:
1. Jews ran the slave trade
2. Blacks in America are a criminal class.
I leave it to you, since you are the racist here.
l...@tiac.net
Moshe Shulman wrote:
...Let us for one moment say that you are right. Let's say
> that in England, Holland, and their New World colonies the slave trade
> was headed by Jews. (I doubt the truth of this, but in order to show
> what kind of racist you really are, I will assume your facts are
> correct.) Please provide 1. Percent of Jews in Holland/England and the
> colonies who were involved in the slave trade? 2. Percent of world
> Jewry that the Jews of Holland/England and their colonies represent. 3.
> Using 1 and 2 find the percent of Jews involved in the slave trade.
>
This is easy, because, again, *I* am not the one making these claims. I
am repeating them. To use percentages is just another ruse. The Jews
are only 2% in America but a number of prominent Jews in the
entertainment business, including Michael Medved (see Moment Magazine,
Aug, 1996, "The Jews Run Hollywood-So What?") and Rob Reiner ("Hollywood
is all run by Jews") have acknowledged the "control" exercised by this
small percentage. It is well established that this "2%" dominated the
needle trades and the early tobacco trades over 80-100 years ago. Many
Jews, including Jonathan Kaufman (Broken Alliance) proudly assert that
most of the whites involved in the Civil Rights movement were Jews. Dr.
Rockaway firmly asserted that Jews were 50% of the bootleggers and
"dominated" narcotics in the major US cities. Mr. Porter showed their
high percentage representation as merchants in Black ghettos. Again,
they are 2% or less depending on the era but acknowledge domination over
some facet of commerce or social movement. A painful fact that I
acknowledge is that Blacks are appx. 12% of the population but exceed
50% of the prison population. My respect for the Nation of Islam is, in
part, for its work in reversing this destructive trend - a work that is
made harder by the incessant interference of Jewish lies and
distortions, re: yours.
Your attempts to make some connection between a percentage of population
and relative involvement in any enterprise amounts to rank historical
amateurism. Additionally, the language of Jewish scholars with regard
to slavery was as direct as it could be. I encourage all Black people
to get to know their "friends." Especially those who are vehemently
insisting on that title.
Moshe Shulman
>From: l...@tiac.net
>Moshe Shulman wrote:
>...Let us for one moment say that you are right. Let's say
>> that in England, Holland, and their New World colonies the slave
trade
>> was headed by Jews. (I doubt the truth of this, but in order to show
>> what kind of racist you really are, I will assume your facts are
>> correct.) Please provide 1. Percent of Jews in Holland/England and
the
>> colonies who were involved in the slave trade? 2. Percent of world
>> Jewry that the Jews of Holland/England and their colonies represent.
3.
>> Using 1 and 2 find the percent of Jews involved in the slave trade.
>This is easy, because, again, *I* am not the one making these claims.
I
Sure you are. You are claiming that this has some relevance. I say it
has
none.
>some facet of commerce or social movement. A painful fact that I
>acknowledge is that Blacks are appx. 12% of the population but exceed
>50% of the prison population. My respect for the Nation of Islam is,
in
>part, for its work in reversing this destructive trend - a work that
is
>made harder by the incessant interference of Jewish lies and
>distortions, re: yours.
I agree with in some ways the NoI has many policies that are good, but
I
reject it's racism, and consider that a drawback to any real progress.
>Your attempts to make some connection between a percentage of
population
>and relative involvement in any enterprise amounts to rank historical
>amateurism. Additionally, the language of Jewish scholars with regard
>to slavery was as direct as it could be. I encourage all Black people
>to get to know their "friends." Especially those who are vehemently
>insisting on that title.
Spoken like a true racist.