article regarding the austric asiatic people [ this includes the filipinos]
Renowl
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Austric is the name given for a proposed language family that includes
Austro-Asiatic and Austronesian. Some have suggested that the Japanese language
might also be Austric. The government sponsored Indian Gazeteer states that the
Austrics are the "bedrock" of the Indian population. So, Austric also refers to
a cultural and "racial" group. Although the Austric family cannot be said to be
fully accepted by the scholarly community it is gaining ground rapidly. In
India, it is quite widely accepted among philogists.
The Austric Peoples
The Austric-speaking people do not all belong to one homogenous racial
grouping, yet there is definitely a predominant type to be found. Some Austric
speakers are Negritos and Oceanic Negroids like the Aetas of the Philippines,
the Melanesians and some of the Austronesian speaking peoples of New Guinea.
Most Austrics, though, are basically a fusion of three primary races:
Mongoloid, Austroloid and Oceanic Negroid. In India, specialists in this field
have noted that the Austric-speaking peoples belong to a larger racial type
that includes many non-Austric speakers and is closely related to the Dravidian
racial type. In fact, it is often said there is little difference between these
two types. They resemble each other in terms of superficial characteristics in
a number of ways, which include:
1. Short to medium stature
2. Fair to very dark complexion. Generally brown-colored.
3. Mesorhinne nose, with greater breadth than length.
4. Slight prognathism, or full lips.
5. Dark, thick, coarse hair.
6. Slight but sinewy build.
On a more subtle plane, here are some less obvious resemblances between the two
groups:
1. Large ratio of B type blood.
2. Rarity of A type, and especially A2.
3. Rarity of P2 gene.
4. Rarity of Rhesus negative,
5. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defiency and alcohol intolerance (ALDH).
6. The presence of enzymes giving malaria resistance.
7. Common occurrence of shovel-shaped incisors.
8. Low bi-zygomatic diameter.
The main differences of the Austric type in India from the Dravidian type
include:
1. High forehead.
2. Short face.
3. Bulging occiput.
4. Rarer occurrence of prominent brow ridges.
5. Greater occurrence of Mongolian, or sacral spot.
6. Greater occurrence of epicanthic fold.
Some of these differences, like the Mongolian spot and epicanthic fold, are
obviously due to the greater Mongoloid blood in Austrics, although this is less
apparent in India than in Southeast Asia. Some Dravidian populations in
southern Tamil Nadu and Kerala, and along the border of Nepal also share these
traits. This is aside from the presence of these traits due to Turko-Mongol
admixture. Some of the similarities above are related to peoples of long
presence in tropical areas.
The sacral spot is very common among Austrics, particularly in Polynesia, but
less common among Dravidians than even the Arabs or North Africans. However, it
is significantly higher than among Europeans. The high skull of Austrics may
come from the Negrito-Melanesoid types who are known for this trait. One of the
most distinctive traits is the short face which can be found from Polynesia to
Madagascar.
Obviously, a great deal of naturual variation exists among these peoples. Some
of them, like the Negritos, Batak and possibly the Ainu, are very short, while
peoples like the Polynesians are one of the tallest and probably the heaviest
of people. The same type of variation exists in South America, where the
population is short, but the Patagonian Indians are one of the tallest of
peoples. Also, in Africa, in areas where the population is among the tallest to
be found, there are also Pygmy groups.
The Austronesians built ships with adzes and other tools of similar genetic
affiliation, they used similar types of riggings, rudders, etc. and also the
same method of sewing or fitting together the planks of their ships. These
early Austronesians seemed to have all carried a few important domestic animals
to almost everywhere they went: the dog, pig and chicken.
Where the Proto-Austronesian people developed is a sticky problem. Some think
the region of the Southern Philippines and Eastern Indonesia was the likely
area, while others favor either Formosa or South China. Around 5,000 B.C. blade
stone tool technology reached the northern and central Philippines from the
south. Wilhelm Solheim of the University of Hawai'i postulates that active
maritime trade and migration was already going on in Insular and Mainland
Southeast Asia by between 4,500 and 5,000 B.C. Eusebio Dizon of the National
Museum of the Philippines believes this date can be moved to between 6,000 and
7,000 B.C. based on the most recent radiocarbon dating.
Sometime between 1,500 B.C. and 2,000 B.C., the Lapita culture of Fiji and
Tonga developed. Therefore, we can safely assume that the Proto- or
Pre-Austronesians had already reached many areas of either Micronesia or
Melanesia to the West. The presence of Austronesians in Madagascar has been
confirmed to at least the beginning of the era, although Solheim states that
work to find the earliest habitation has not yet been completed. The lack of
iron and Hindu-Buddhist influences, suggest an even earlier date.
The Austro-Asiatics were mainly land-bound, unless one accepts the theory that
the Japanese are of Austro-Asiatic origin. Currently, the Munda languages of
India belong to the Austric grouping. However, many experts believe that
certain cultural items in India like the outrigger ships, the coconut, the
betel, etc., may have actually been introduced by Austronesian peoples.
Although no true Austronesian languages exist in modern India, studies have
shown that there are such influences in both modern and ancient Indian
languages. A good work summarizing some of the earlier studies done by
Przyluski, Levy and others is P.C. Bagchi's Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in
India.
Description of Language
The evidence points to the Austric family being originally agglutinative in
morphology, or structure. Indeed, all still are agglutinative or partly
agglutinative with the possible exception of the Miao-Yao dialects.
Agglutinative languages attach, or glue morphemes together with little or no
incorporation. This is particularly true of the verb root. However, often it is
not the case with the pronoun and noun. Some of the features commonly found
(although not universal) among agglutinative languages are:
1. Verb root tends to be uninflected with no incorporation of morphemes.
2. Words are often agglutinated into phrases or word sentences or equations.
This does not happen in isolating languages, and rarely if ever occurs among
inflectional ones. It is different than compounding which is lexical in nature,
while this is grammatical.
3. Sentences, especially the word sentences, can often lack any active element.
4. Morphemes used in verb conjugation, noun declension, etc., often have
separate existences. In many cases, the pronoun, or something close to it, will
be used in conjugation, while the preposition, or something resembling it is
used in declension of the noun.
5. Distinction of nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc., is less pronounced than in
inflectional languages. Roots are commonly used interchangeably as verb, noun,
adjective and adverb, often by change of accent or addition of affixes.
6. The languages tend to be terse in nature.
7. They tend to promote unity of ideas rather than specificity.
8. They tend towards exclusive and secret speech.
A study of certain Indic terms dealing with maritime navigation and the ocean
might also be useful in determining how sea-faring Austronesians were able to
have any influence at all in the region:
vahana"boat, raft," Sanskrit, from root, vah"to carry, bear."
waha "to carry, bear," Hawai'i, Maori, and:
waha - "boat," Ceram
bangka - "boat," Philippines
wangka - "boat," Malay, Indonesia
waka - "boat," Maori, Tonga, etc.
vaka - "boat," Vaturana, Savo, etc.
vaga - "boat," Alite
va'a - "boat," Tahiti
wa - "boat," Mate, Lamenu, Nul, etc.
wak - "boat," Numer
paki - "boat," Fila
wakten - Port Vato
plava "boat," Sanskrit, probably related to pluta "bathed, wet," aplu "to bath,
wash."
pulu "wet, wash, bathe," Hawai'i, Samoa, Tonga, fufulu "wash hands," Fiji,
pari-pari "wet," Hanuabada,apre "to bathe," Isabi, abri su "to bathe," Emerum,
pra "to bathe," Paynamar, piram "to wash," Madang and:
palwa - "small boat," Philippines
parao - "canoe," Tagalog
folau - "canoe," Polynesia
barau - "canoe,"Efate
farau - "canoe," Tahiti
volau - "canoe," Fiji
poruku - "canoe," Futuna
palahu - "canoe," Indonesia
prau - "canoe," Indonesia
broa - "canoe," Formosa
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A list of pronouns, kinship terms and some anatomy terms will now be given
showing the possible extent of Austronesian and Austric influences.
Pronouns
"I"
Indic Austric
aham (Sanskrit) aho (Malagasy)
ahu (Toba-Batak, Tonsawang)
ahau (Maori)
gw-aho (Chamorro, emphatic)
aya (Papua, Ham, h > y)
ayu (Oyan)
iyaa (Molima)
aja (Patani)
ahang (Pali, m > ng) -aken (Paiwan, bounded and unbounded
with case prefix, h > k, ng > n)
hon (Gujarati) aken (Yami, Cotabato, Subanon,
Manobo-Kalmansig, Tasaday)
aing (Mundari)
ainje (Juang)
agne (Savo)
ainyak (Anaitum)
hau (Prakit, Nimadi, Pahari) ahau (Maori)
au (Doda Siraji, Sindhi, Poguli, au (Tonga,Tuamoto,Fiji,Wa,Araga
Rambani, Gadi, Pangwali, Badrawahi, Nanumea, Son, Ulawa, Wano,
Dogri, Lari, Kachchi, Sirmauri Fagani, Kerepunu, Maori,Fati
Bagati) Vaturana,Sesake,S. Cape,Maewo)
hu (Gujarati, Rajasthan, hu (Chamorro), ho (N. Li)
Karwa) hu-, -hu (Toba-Batak, bounded forms)
-hu, -he (Tagabili, bounded forms)
hao (Mandeali, Konkani) hao (Ong-Be, Mamanwa)
ham (Magahi, Bihari) yam (Sakai)
a (Kalasa, Gawar-bati,Pasai, a (Paluang,Katugg,A Hok,Vyaku,
Torwali, Lari, Kiutali) Monk-Lwe, Kosiraua)
ako, aku (Indon.,Phil., Malay,
Poly, h > k)
"you" (sing.)
tvam (Sanskrit) tam (E. Cape)
tume (Ardha-Magadhi) tom (Budibud, Anuki)
tumi (Prakit, Bengali) komu (Galeya)
tam (Maharastri) tam (Galavi, Awanai,
timi (Nepali) Wedau, Gapapaiwa, Tavara)
kom (Tagabili, enclitic)
-hem (Tagabili, bounded form)
tu (common in vernaculars) ta (S. Kelao)
ku (Kupang, t > k)
ku (Kapang)
kuo (Dixon Reef, Mindiri)
koe (Aniwa, Futuna)
kaw (Indonesia, Philippines,
Malay)
haw (Chamorro)
kau (Rerep)
kew (Yakan)
ko (common Melanesian)
koa (Gadaisu)
taaua (Mele-Fila group, dual)
de (Sauraseni,Magadhi,enclitic) do (Purome, Kibiri)
"you" (pl.)
tum (Prakit) tomiy (Budibud)
kom (Medebur)
tama (B'ili) tamiai (E. Cape)
tami (Anuki, Paiwa, Gapapaiwa)
taumi (Wedau, Tawala),
taumiya (Dawawa)
tame (Gujarati, Rajasthani, timun (Paiwan)
Kar'wa, Kat'iyawadi) kamu (Indonesia, Yami, t > k)
hamu (Toba-Batak)
tam (Gujuri, Malvi, Lab'ani, kamiw (Southeast Papuan)
Bangeru) kam (Nasawa, Mpotovoro, Manam,
Casiguran Dumagat)
ka`am (Yakan)
yam (Malalamai)
timi (Pahari) kimi (Vatrata, Sasar, Lehali),
temi (Kakabai)
tumi (Marati, Nagpuri, Konkani) kumu (Siviri, dl.)
humeu (Nimowa)
komiu (Misima)
teu (Laqua)
kou (Labo)
toa (Samoa, more than 3)
ja (Onjob)
tussa (Multani, Hindki, Tali, kasu (Formosa: Kan./Saa.)
Lahnda)
tusi (Pot'war, Chib'al) tisun (Paiwan, sing.)
tusse (Mandeali, Kului kamus (Eton)
tora (Bengali, Chittagong) koorua (Mele-Fila group, dl.)
korua (Mae, dl.)
a-korua (Futuna-Aniwa group, dl.)
tova (Sindhi) kowa (Teste Is., sg.),
kowe (Ponapean, sg.), koawoa
(Mokilese, sg.)
"you"*
ap`ne (Maithili, honorific) apa (Kherwari, Santali, pl.)
apani (Bengali, sing. hon.) ape (Mundari, Kurku, pl.)
apanara (Bengali, pl. hon.)
ap, apne (Gujarati, pl. hon.)
ap`ne (Marathi, pl. hon.)
b`e (Prakit, pl. hon.)
*The use of the inclusive first person plural as a
second person plural or singular honorific is a widespread
feature of Austronesian languages. The example of "kami"
and "kita" and their various forms being the best example.
In Indic languages like Marathi and Gujarati, the same
rule is followed with first person plural exclusive resembling
the same pronoun in Austronesian, but with the inclusive
variant resembling the inclusive first person plural in some
Munda languages. The second person honorific in Marathi and
Gujarati are the same as the first person inclusive plural, and
are similar to the ordinary second person plural in Munda
languages.
that"
tya/sya (Sanskrit) i-ta/siya (Austronesian)
itsy (Malagasy)
ta/sa (Sanskrit) si/sa (Formosa)
sa (Dumagat)
ota (Bengali) i-tu (Malay)
aka (Singhalese)
tyo (Nepali) tia (Letemboi, Li'o, Sika)
tea (Siviri)
"he/she"
sah/sa (Sanskrit) siya (common Austronesia)
se (Bengali,inferior) si (E. Formosa)
sa (Roviana, Toga)
isah (Kan./Saa.)
"they"
te (Sanskrit, Prakit) te (Santa Cruz)
ter (Vanua Lava)
to (Laqua, Savo)
tu (Lakkia)
de (Sauraseni, Magadhi) de (Casiguran Dumagat,
attributive, Santa Cruz)
dia (Malay)
diat (Duke of York)
tida (Indonesia)
i-tis (Yami)
"this"
eta (Sanskrit) ito (Tagalog)
e (Mayang) ity (Malagasy)
eta (Bengali) eke (Lehalurup)
esah (Sanskrit) isi (Larevat)
"this"
ana (Sanskrit) on (Toba Batak)
enei (Vatrata)
nana (Lamenu)
nani (Nul, Filakara)
inu (Iarkei)
ini (Malay)
eni (Florida)
iaani (Bugotu)
ani (Gao)
eni (Proto-Polynesian)
"their"
onkar (E. Hindi) onkoran (Kherwari)
unkar (Bhojpuri) onkoran (Santali)
umaker (Nagpuri) akoran (Mundari)
unko (Mewati) arka (Juang)
unka (W. Hindi, Kanauji) aninji-na (Savara)
"him/her"
ena (Sanskrit) ine (Oba)
eni (Vanua Lava)
ini (Gaua)
ina (Nifiole)
ana (Anutan)
ena- (Suau, Molima)
ena (Manikion)
"we"* "we, exclusive"
ham (Hindi, Nimadi), ham (Chamorro), hami (Vaturana,
hamai (Kanauji), hama (Mewati), Toba-Batak), hamai (Nimowa,
hami (E. Pahari) Sabari), hama (Panayati),
ami (Assam,Marati,Nagpuri, ami (Amboyna,Amahi,Toti,Sika,
Konkani) E.Formosa,Manggarai)
amhi (Marathi)
ame (Prakit, Gujarati, B'ili), ama (Ham)
am (K'andesi) am (Al, Ulau-Suain, Kaiep,
Gedaged, Bilbil, Arop)
amai (Prakit) amai (Vowa)
yami (Seran)
kami (Malay,Phil.,Indon,
Poly.,Melan., h > k)
he (Semang, incl./excl.)
hi (Sakai, incl./excl.)
iami (Ulawa)
hame (Bag'ati, Kiut'ali, hmei (Rhade)
Sodochi, K'ar'wa)
* Gujarati and B'ili ame, K'andesi am, and Marathi
amhi are also exclusive pronouns.
"we" (inclusive)
apan (K`andesi, Marathi) abon (Kherwari, Santali)
pan (Kachch`i) bon (Savari)
ap`ne (Gujarati) abung (Kurku)
api (Singhalese, incl./excl.*) abu (Mundari), abo (Kherwari,
Santali)
ap`da (B`ili)
ba, beh, be (Gilgiti, incl./excl.*) pue (Talaing, incl./excl.*)
b`e (Prakit) -be (Sora)
*No distinction between inclusive and exclusive pronouns
"self"*
atman "self, soul, intelligence,a person" Sanskrit
atta "atman, conscience" Pali
atamai "mind" Anutan
atamai "intelligence, wisdom" Samoa
atamai "skill, ability" Nanumea
ataman "man, person" Vowa
etmen "person" N. Tanna
atmen "man" Mosina
ateman "person" Mae-Morae
ata "person" Ngad'a, Li'o, Sika, Solor
ata "reflected image, outline, spirit" Samoa
ata "shadow, reflection, representation of self" Nanumea
atam? "head, intelligence," Japanese
aken "intelligence," Buru
aka "shadow, figure, outline" Hawai'i
ako,aku "I" common Austronesian
atin/akin "our/my" Philippines, Indonesia
"body, self"*
tanu "body" Sanskrit*
tino - "body," Anutan, Tahiti, Nanumea
tinana - "body,"Maori
tena - "body," Malagasy,
kino - "body," Hawaii
taw - "body," Proto-Austronesian
dai - "body," Waropen
tani -"body," Tarfia
tanun - person, Mota, Meralava,
tinoni- man, Vaturana, Florida, Duke of York,
tane- man, mankind, Aniwa, Futuna, Fila,
tanun- mankind, Bank’s Is.,
kane- man, mankind, Hawai’i,
jame- man, male; Ekagi, Kaupaku.
*Atman and tanu are used as substitutes for the old reflexive pronouns
in the Indic languages.
Kinship Terms
vaprah "father" Sanskrit, vappa, pia, Prakit; baba, bap, Bengali; bapa,
Magahi; pio, piu, Hindi.
(v > b > p > f)
bapa - Indonesia, Malay, Solor, Li’o, Gane,
papa - common Polynesian
baba - Ouma
bab, babu - Efate
paa, paapaa, paapara - Maori
paapaaq - Yap
paapa - Puluwat
babi - Murray Is.
fa - Rotuma
fa - S. Li
pha - N. Li
ba - Laqua
pu - Lati
a-pan - Salon
pa - Talaing, Yin, War, Semang
a-puk - Khmer
pa-e - Dana
apu-t -Kherwari, Santali
apu - Mundari
aba, ba - Kurku
apang, abbani - Gadaba
vava - Fiji (Vuda Lautoka)
aba - Formosan Paz, Sai, Ata
abu - Mukawa
avu - Ubir, Wedau
poi - Gadsup
pu - Tai
apu, apo - Philippines
bapa - "uncle," Kapampangan
bapa - "title of respect for old men," Ilokano
papa - "uncle," Mae-Morae, Vartavo, Rerep
papap - "uncle," Lembinwen
bubu - "address for elder," Motu
pu - "sir,"Indonesia
pap - "uncle," Maat
tata "father, affectionate term, also used for other elders" Sanskrit,also
kaka "uncle," and dada "elder brother," Bengali.
(t > k)
tata - Mae-Morae, Lironesa, Pt. Vato, Baimp, Kapampangan, Enga, Loniel,
Lapwang, Ikiya, Ikiti, Lironesa, Fiji, Aurora, Chamorro
tatai - Labo, Baiap, Windua
tetai - Espirito Santo
kaka - Nengone
chichi - Japan,
tatai - "grandparent," Nadrau
ta "mother’s father, wife’s father," Mak, Sui, Kam, Tai
tai "grandparent," Fiji
taka "older brother," Formosa
kaka "older brother," Philippines, Indonesia, Maga
tuaka- "older brother," Polynesia
tata - "uncle," Motu
janaka "father," Sanskrit
(j > t > k) (n > m)
tamaku - Hukua, Valpei, Wusi, Tasiriki, Wailapa
matua tane - Polynesia
makua kane - Hawai’i
tana- - Tolomako
tonu- - Tambotalo
tani- - Loreidiakarkar
jema - Marshall Is.
jamjam - "father-son relationship," Mokilese
jamah - "his father," Mokilese
ma "mother" (Prakit, Hindi and many other modern vernaculars, also amma,
ama)
mi, me - Talaing
ma - Palaung, En, Yin, Kla Muk, Malay
mi, ma, mia - SE Papuan
mo - Pak, Sasar, Teqel
mama - Savo
moa - Wa
mwe - Son
ma-e - Dana
mai - War
may - Kurku
u-ma - Mundari
a-ma - Malay, Fasu, Kewa, Beami
me - Tai
mei - Li, Laqua
mama - "nursing mother," Samoa
ama - "female guardian, female authority," Tagalog
nana "mother, affectionate term similar to 'tata," Sanskrit, naunod "husband's
sister," Bengali.
nana - Lepaxsivir, Baiap, Tagalog, Arosi, Chamorro, Tikopian, W. Futunan
naana - Woleaian
nanu - Kwale
nohna - Ponapean
nene - Nengone, Patani, Sawai, Weda,
nena - Maxbaxo
nen - Burmbar
nunu - Mae, Larevat
ninen - Maat
ninox - Toak
niinnaeq - Yap
nene - "youngest or younger sister," Philippines.
akka "mother," Sanskrit
(k > j > t)
aki - Kerepua
aita - Pango
aite - Ulingan
ek - Eton
iak - Eratap
etata - Mele
itak - Loniel
aje - Buli
jaja- Tidore, Sula Fagudu
ja- Sula Mangoli
agi- Kewa,
inggi- Mendi,
anji - Augu,
enggi - Megi,
inkiki - Sau,
agini - Ipili,
engat - Kherwari, Santali,
enga - Mundari,
okaa-san?- "your/his/her mother," Japan,
ate - "eldest or older sister," Philippines
aita - "woman," Erima
ak goefata- "wife," Sula Fagudu
jani "mother," Sanskrit
(j > t > k > d)
jine- Marshall Is.,
jinana - West Futunan,
tina - common Oceanic
tina-ku - Wailapa
tene-ku- Burmba
kane-gu - Bonkovia
kina-ku - Valpei,
tina-na - Tikopian
dina-na - Kapingamarangi, Nukuoro
ina - common Austronesian
tain - "woman," Ulau-Suain
janik ngolota, janik maping- "wife," Buli
baya "brother," Prakit, baha, Ketrani; bai, Bengal, Hindi, Panjabi,
Rajasthani; bau, Marathi, Nagpuri, Kandesi.
(b > p > v)
biai - Salon
a-ban - Malay
ban, pun - Khmer
bah, pa - Semang
vai, va - Palaung
pa rameh - Wa
po - Son, En
bo - Yin, War
baka, boeha - Kherwari, Santali
bau - Mundari
boko - Kurku, Juang
u-ban - Savari
buang - Gadabi
bai - Karia
bai - Gadsup
wagi - Proto-Austronesian
bayaw - "brother-in-law," Philippines
bauw - "brother-in-law," Tai
pa - "older brother," Gusap-Mot
paa - "older brother," Wantoat
baab - "older brother," Ok
baw - "older sibling," Formosa
ba:u - "older sibling," Nung
dada "brother," Gar'wali, Bag'ati, Sirmauri, W. Pahari, C. Pahari,
"older brother," Bengali.
dada- Kherwari, Santali, Kurku,
kaka - Juang,
kaku - Savara,
taka "older brother," Formosa
kaka "older brother," Philippines, Indonesia, Maga
tuaka- "older brother," Polynesia
bagini "sister," Sanskrit, bahini "sister," Prakit, bone "sister," Bengali
(b > p > f > v > w) (g > k > b > h) (h > s)
bai - Talaing
ber - Semang
boko kuri - Mundari
bokoje - Kurku
boko-rain - Juang
au-wahine - Maori
tua-fafine - Samoa
bisi- : Woleaian
faifil - Woleaian
wayin - Yap
baka - Santali, Kherwari
vai - Palaung
po - Son
pinas - Mong Lwe
ban srey - Khmer
bau - "female kin," Tai
vahini - "sister-in-law" Polynesia
wahini - "sister-in-law," Hawai’i
bai, pai "younger or older sister," Austro-Tai
bai "grandmother’s sisters," Formosa
baw - "older sibling," Formosa
ba:u - "older sibling," Nung
sisuh "child," Sanskrit; sisu, susu "child," Prakit.
sisua - Mate
susua - Api
cingmai -Lehalurup
suahaha-ku -SE Papuan
susngei - Lehali.
susu-pwau - Arosi
susu - "youngest child," Saa, Ulawa, Are’are
ha’a-susu - "to bear child," Arosi
susu-buri - "youngest child," Lau
sua-hasoli "man," Iarkei
suah "person," Iarkei
balah "child," Sanskrit; balu, Prakit; bachcha, Potwar,Bihari, Magahi,
Maithili, W. Hindi, Dakini; beta/beti "son/daughter," Hindi;
putta "child," Pali, putra/putri "son/daughter," Sanskrit;
pota(ka) "young of animal," Sanskrit, bokuto "young child,"
Kashmiri, becca "young child" Lahnda, Panjabi, bacca "young
child," Bengali.
(ch > t > k) (b > p)
bata - "child," Tagalog, Cebuano, Kapampangan, Manobo
baka - "child," Vaturana
bitiir - "child," Yap
bainta - "child," Tairora
boot - "son," Thai
poti’i - "infant," Samoa
pota - "infant," Anutan
pootiki - "infant," Maori
potii - "girl," Tahiti
potiti - small, Marquesas
budak, bunting - (child) Proto-Austronesian
bala - people, Malay, Tidore, Sobojo, Kadai
banta - man, person, people Gadsup
kumar "child," Sanskrit.
kama - Hawaii
tamari’i - Tahiti
tamaliki - Nanumea
tama- Anutan, Fila, Mele, Maori
ta-tama - Futuna
tamasisi - Aniwa
tamatiti - Makatea
koa - Eton
tamalo - person, Vao
tamalohi - person, M. Malo
tamloa - person, Tangoa
tamol - man, Gedaged, Takia, Biliau, Wab
tomol - man, Bilbil
gumoru - man, mankind, Sud-Est
tana "offspring," Sanskrit
tene - Nengone
tuna - Gao
hana - Ngad’a
zana - Malagasy
tane - humankind, Polynesia
kane - humankind, Hawai’i
pati/patni "husband/wife." (from pati "lord,") Sanskrit, patti wife, Prakit.
bati, baati - husband, Tairora
patu, fatu - lord, Polynesia
patuan - chief, Bismarck Archipelago
patan - wife, woman Iarkei, Loniel
pita - wife, woman Morouas
peka - chief, Maori
paduka- lord, master, Malay
patul- ruler, Manobo
vadhu "wife," Sanskrit; vahu "wife," Prakit; bahu "wife," Bihari, Braj
B’aka,
Rajastani; wahu "wife," Gujariti, Charotari; bauhti "wife," Powadi,
bai "wife," Kandesi; "bau," wife, Cancha, Jaipuri, Malvi; biwi "wife,
Hindi; vahu "wife," Kanchchi; bebe "woman," Tinauli,
bebbe "mother," Panjabi; babi "mother," Kachchi, bou "wife," Bengali.
(w > v > b > p > f )
vihin - wife, Ambrym
vehi-vavy - wife, Malagasy
vahine - wife, Polynesia
vavine - wife, Melanesia
wahine - wife, Hawai’i, Maori
bahi - wife, Ruk
vaine - woman, Magori
va’ine - woman, Yoba, Bina
waine - woman, Sepa
babine - wife, Papua
babae - woman, Philippines
babi - female, Indonesia
behen - wife, Ranon, Fona
beben - wife, Sevesi, Pt. Vato
bebe - mother, Wetamut
bayi - mother, Indonesia
pai - grandmother, Formosa
pae - mother, Anutan
sawa-ni "wife," Lahuda, Multani, T’ali, D’anni; syanini "wife," W. Pahari,
swasni "wife," E. Pahari, swain "wife," Gar’wali.
sawa - SE Papuan, Proto-Austronesian
sawe - Ngaju-Dayak
a-sawa - Philippines
sa - Sui
suong - Axamb
saoi - Letemboi
a-soan - Maskelynes
asu-k - Lironesa
aso-ku - Faulili, Maat
hoang - Vowa
asa-k - Nume
sawani - husband, Wandammen
swa- - husband, Biak-Numfor
sau-ki - woman, Kosirava Maisin, Uyaku Maisin
Anatomy
tanu "body," Sankrit.
tino - body, Anutan, Tahiti, Nanumea,
tinana- body, Maori,
tena- body, Malagasy,
kino- body, Hawaii,
taw- body, Proto-Austronesian,
dai - body, Waropen,
tani- body, Tarfia.
petakah "belly," Sanskrit. Also petum, pottam "belly," Prakit,
pet "belly," Lahnda, Gujarati, Panjabi, Hindi,
Bengali, Nepali, pot "belly," Marathi.
pika- belly, Savo,
boka- belly, Moto,
beteng- belly, Indonesia,
alo-piko- belly, Hawaii,
boga- belly, Gadaisu,
poka- concavity, hollow, Polynesia, "belly," Central Papuan,
putani- belly, Gadabi,
pjit- belly, Dana,
po- belly, War, K’mer,
va- belly, Palaung,
betek- belly, Maragus,
tabak- belly, Rano,
putok- navel, Lakona, Marig, Merlav,
pitoku- navel, Raga,
putuku - navel, Tasmate, Wusi-Valui, Wusi-Mawa,
pwitoku- navel, Huka, Valpei,Nokuku,
bituka- intestine, bowel, Tagalog,
vatek- belly, Leviamp, Unmet.
pani "hand," Sanskrit.
panek- hand, Mota,
penek- hand, Lehalurup,
pinik- hand, Sasar, Mosina, Bek,
benik- hand, Vetomboso,
binik - hand, Lehali, Vatrata,
binig- hand, Koro,
pan, ban, ben- forearm, Ok,
peni- hand, Vureas,
pini-gi- hand, Pak, Sasar,
peni-gi- hand, Mosina,
pan- hand, Torres Is,
panei- hand, Banks Is.
mukha "face, mouth," Sanskrit. Also muham "mouth," Prakit, "mukh," face,
Bengali,
muh "mouth," common in modern vernaculars.
mukha- face, Philippines,
muka- face, Malagasy,
maka- face, Polynesia,
mata- face, N. Guinea,
meka- tongue, Amboyna,
mocha- mouth, Kherwari, Santali,
mua- mouth, Katorr,
mwe- mouth, Darang,
main- mouth, Son,
mu-lut- mouth, Malay,
muru- mouth, Central Papuan,
mangai- mouth, Maori,
mana- mouth, Vaturana, Florida,
muu- mouth, Manggarai,
mut, mit- mouth, Formosa,
mingir- mouth,Awyi,
magota- mouth, Kiwai,
mongot- mouth, Kati,
manga- mouth, Kapau.
iksh "to look, behold, perceive, know," Sansrit. Also iksi "eye," Sanskrit;
iki, "eye," Syrian Gypsy; aki "eye," Oriya, Bihari, Bag’eli, Kanauji;
it "eye," Kohistani, itsin, Gawar-bati.
ike- to see, perceive, H
Sylvia Knörr
"Renowl" <ren...@aol.com> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:20040712010822...@mb-m28.aol.com...
> source paul kikai manansala
> --------------------
>
> The main differences of the Austric type in India from the Dravidian type
> include:
>
>
> 1. High forehead.
> 2. Short face.
> 3. Bulging occiput.
> 4. Rarer occurrence of prominent brow ridges.
> 5. Greater occurrence of Mongolian, or sacral spot.
> 6. Greater occurrence of epicanthic fold.
What is the "Mongolian or sacral spot"?
Unspotted Piggy
Renowl
LeeBat
>What is the "Mongolian or sacral spot"?
I think it refers to be dark-colored skin at the base of the spine
that we're born with.
It gradually fades away as we grow and is most observable in babies.
LeeBat
font of useless knowledge .....
Sylvia Knörr
> i dont know ask paul
For unknown reasons Paul refuses to answer my questions, but my guru Lolo
Lee does. :->
Student Piggy
Sylvia Knörr
"LeeBat" <Lee...@optonline.net> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:fss7f0pqrj5aq4i2d...@4ax.com...
> "Sylvia Knörr" <sylvia.kno...@t-online.de> wrote:
> >What is the "Mongolian or sacral spot"?
> I think it refers to be dark-colored skin at the base of the spine
> that we're born with.
Ah, suddenly I recall it - my grand-cousin is half Japananese, and when she
was a little baby, I saw that spot and asked if it´s a bruise. Her daddy
(German) told me that it´s something unique for Asian babies. Things fall
into place now.
> It gradually fades away as we grow and is most observable in babies.
Do ALL of your babies have it?
> LeeBat
> font of useless knowledge .....
It´s always a pleasure to listen to the older folks, they are so wise and
high in experience. :-)
Appreciating Real Live Stories Piggy
LeeBat
>LeeBat wrote:
>> It gradually fades away as we grow and is most observable in babies.
>Do ALL of your babies have it?
Well, I haven't checked *all* the babies but it sure seems pretty
universal to me.
I'm a half-breed and was told I had it. My son and daughter, who are
one quarter, had it and my grandson, an octoroon (?), had it.
Pretty strong genes, huh?
>It´s always a pleasure to listen to the older folks, they are so wise and
>high in experience. :-)
Ummm ..... if I had to depend on experience to be high, I'd be in big
trouble.
LoLoBat
definitely an older folk tho .....
Dirty Sick Pig
> Do ALL of your babies have it?
Only those with the 666 scalp spots like JT, Tanso and Leebat. Bob
Chin was 97.5% sacraligious.
Exorcist Pig
Dirty Sick Pig
> For unknown reasons Paul refuses to answer my questions, but my guru Lolo
> Lee does. :->
>
> Student Piggy
The Kike doesn't communicate with non-kikes.
Paul Kekai Pig
Sylvia Knörr
"Dirty Sick Pig" <DrtyS...@Hotmail.com> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:2509a0cb.04071...@posting.google.com...
> "Sylvia Knörr" <sylvia.kno...@t-online.de> wrote in message
news:<cd1tl0$v85$05$1...@news.t-online.com>...
> > For unknown reasons Paul refuses to answer my questions, but my guru
Lolo
> > Lee does. :->
> The Kike doesn't communicate with non-kikes.
>
> Paul Kekai Pig
But he can´t be sure about my non-kikeness...
The good side is: No communication, no quarrel. :-)
Bright Side Of Life Piggy
tansong tumbaga
> "LeeBat" <Lee...@optonline.net> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
> news:fss7f0pqrj5aq4i2d...@4ax.com...
>
>>"Sylvia Knörr" <sylvia.kno...@t-online.de> wrote:
>
>
>>>What is the "Mongolian or sacral spot"?
>
>
>>I think it refers to be dark-colored skin at the base of the spine
>>that we're born with.
>
>
> Ah, suddenly I recall it - my grand-cousin is half Japananese, and when she
> was a little baby, I saw that spot and asked if it´s a bruise. Her daddy
> (German) told me that it´s something unique for Asian babies. Things fall
> into place now.
>
>
>>It gradually fades away as we grow and is most observable in babies.
>
>
> Do ALL of your babies have it?
>
Mine did.
Sylvia Knörr
> >> It gradually fades away as we grow and is most observable in babies.
> >Do ALL of your babies have it?
> Well, I haven't checked *all* the babies but it sure seems pretty
> universal to me.
About what age is it too faded to recognize it?
> I'm a half-breed and was told I had it.
You are a half-breed? All the time I thought you are a 100% Siquijor child.
So where is your non-Filipino part from?
My son and daughter, who are
> one quarter, had it and my grandson, an octoroon (?), had it.
>
> Pretty strong genes, huh?
I would not expect anything else but *strong* genes from you. ;-)
Now I´m starting to wonder whether or not Native American babies have it
too, due to their relationship with Asian people. You do not by chance know
of some NA children you could examine?
> >It´s always a pleasure to listen to the older folks, they are so wise and
> >high in experience. :-)
> Ummm ..... if I had to depend on experience to be high, I'd be in big
> trouble.
Come on, don´t be too shy to tell us about it...;-)
Smelling The Pinoy Understatement Trait Piggy
Sylvia Knörr
"Dirty Sick Pig" <DrtyS...@Hotmail.com> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:2509a0cb.04071...@posting.google.com...
Huh? I don´t get what you are talking about. What is a scalp spot? And what
is sacraligious? Since none of the guys you mentioned has denied it to date,
it can´t be anything obscene...
Logic Applying Piggy
Sylvia Knörr
"tansong tumbaga" <ta...@hindiginto.ito> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:q_3Jc.47$n91...@newssvr13.news.prodigy.com...
> Sylvia Knörr wrote:
> > "LeeBat" <Lee...@optonline.net> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
> > news:fss7f0pqrj5aq4i2d...@4ax.com...
> >>I think it refers to be dark-colored skin at the base of the spine
> >>that we're born with.
> >>It gradually fades away as we grow and is most observable in babies.
> > Do ALL of your babies have it?
> Mine did.
Like Lolo LeeBat said: Strong genes! :-)
Since you also have not entirely Asian blood, it seems to be a dominant
characteristic. Randy, what about YOUR kids? Did they have it?
Lamarck Piggy
tansong tumbaga
He is playing with words, the pig is famous for that.
tansong tumbaga
The pig has little Asian blood with his part Pinay/Mexican lots of
unknown there, the piglet would have eventually very little Asian blood.
But who knows what the next little piggies will have...
LeeBat
>"LeeBat" <Lee...@optonline.net> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
>> >> It gradually fades away as we grow and is most observable in babies.
>About what age is it too faded to recognize it?
I dunno. One day you just notice its gone .....
Maybe someone else can help out here.
>> I'm a half-breed and was told I had it.
>You are a half-breed? All the time I thought you are a 100% Siquijor child.
>So where is your non-Filipino part from?
Why, from my mother, of course.
>Now I´m starting to wonder whether or not Native American babies have it
>too, due to their relationship with Asian people. You do not by chance know
>of some NA children you could examine?
Well, the Shinnecock Indian Reservation is just a few miles down the
road from me.
Maybe one day, I'll revert back to my old habits. I'll put on my
yellow raincoat and start hanging around in their schoolyard, checking
out the little ones for dark spots on their cute, tiny behinds.
That way, when the cops pick me up again, I can tell my parole officer
I was just doing scientific research for Sylvia.
>> >It´s always a pleasure to listen to the older folks, they are so wise and
>> >high in experience. :-)
>> Ummm ..... if I had to depend on experience to be high, I'd be in big
>> trouble.
>Come on, don´t be too shy to tell us about it...;-)
Why, Sylvia, I'm just high ..... on life.
Yeah, that's it.
LoLoBat
candy, little girl?
Dirty Sick Pig
> Now I´m starting to wonder whether or not Native American babies have it
> too, due to their relationship with Asian people. You do not by chance know
> of some NA children you could examine?
Ack! Wrong request to the wrong party.
AndHeIsNotEvenOrdainedYet Pig
tansong tumbaga
I asked the ladies at work, black, East Indian and Mexican, they all
have it...
Sylvia Knörr
> "Sylvia Knörr" <sylvia.kno...@t-online.de> wrote:
> >"LeeBat" <Lee...@optonline.net> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
> >> I'm a half-breed and was told I had it.
> >You are a half-breed? All the time I thought you are a 100% Siquijor
child.
> >So where is your non-Filipino part from?
> Why, from my mother, of course.
LOL. I draw back the question.
> >Now I´m starting to wonder whether or not Native American babies have it
> >too, due to their relationship with Asian people. You do not by chance
know
> >of some NA children you could examine?
> Well, the Shinnecock Indian Reservation is just a few miles down the
> road from me.
>
> Maybe one day, I'll revert back to my old habits. I'll put on my
> yellow raincoat and start hanging around in their schoolyard, checking
> out the little ones for dark spots on their cute, tiny behinds.
>
> That way, when the cops pick me up again, I can tell my parole officer
> I was just doing scientific research for Sylvia.
Err, umm... I draw back THIS question also...
Nervously Rowing Backwards Piggy
Sylvia Knörr
"Dirty Sick Pig" <DrtyS...@Hotmail.com> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
news:2509a0cb.04071...@posting.google.com...
Yep, I realized it, too...:-))
Lapsus Piggy
Sylvia Knörr
"tansong tumbaga" <ta...@hindiginto.ito> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
That´s awfully nice of you - I should have turned to YOU with my question
right from the start instead of asking those childish guys! :-)
Now it seems as if everybody except whiteys have it, that´s somehow
surprising. But then, I once heard the hypothesis that white skin was
originally a genetic defect, we just LACK some genes. Maybe the genes for
the sacral spot got lost along with the genes for melanocytes.
Defective Piggy
Renowl
tansong tumbaga
I actually agree with you there. Now if someone can explain how those
round eyes and high bridged noses started mutating.
LeeBat
>his mom is a balbal
Ummm .... my mom has been dead for 15 years.
LeeBat
apology accepted
Renowl
Congenital Kano
"LeeBat" <Lee...@optonline.net> wrote in message
news:p8lsf016g76q5oa30...@4ax.com...
OK, so what is a "balbal"? Maria says it must be slang after her time.
Hoping it's something really, really dirty Pig