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The butcher of the Balkans-Croat Ante Pavelic

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Radovan

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Mar 31, 2004, 12:46:53 PM3/31/04

AKA 'Butcher of the Balkans', AKA 'Poglavnik' (Chieftain), AKA Anton
Pavelitch, AKA Ante Pavelitch, AKA Pedro Gonner.

Country: Croatia.

Kill tally: 600,000 to one million, including 30,000 Jews, 29,000
Gipsies, and 600,000 Serbs.

Background: The southern Slavic states of Slovenia, Croatia,
Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Macedonia begin to emerge as a unified
state following the First World War. But the legacy of a 400-year
occupation by the Islamic Ottoman Empire and traditional tension
between Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians frustrate attempts for
unity.

The pre-existing rifts are deepened during the Second World War when
varying ethnic and political groups use the cloak of the war to
brutally pursue rivalries.

Mini biography: Born on 14 July 1889 in Bradina, about 35 km southwest
of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina. He attends primary
school at Travnik in Bosnia-Herzegovina. After completing his
secondary education at a Jesuit seminary in Senj, Croatia, he studies
law at the University of Zagreb. Following his graduation he
establishes a small law practice in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.

In his youth Pavelic joins the Croat Party of Rights (Hrvatska Stranka
Prava, HSP), an extreme, right-wing nationalist political group
advocating Croat separatism.

When the HSP breaks up in 1908 Pavelic joins a splinter faction lead
by Josip Frank. The faction, often called frankovci (frankist) after
its leader, considers itself to be the "pure" Party of Rights. Pavelic
is made interim secretary on 1 March 1919.

Pavelic believes in "a free and independent Croat state comprising the
entire historical and ethnic territory of the Croat people". He
believes that the enemies of the Croat liberation movement include the
Serbian Government, international Freemasonry, Jews, and communism.

1918 - The 'Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes' is formed on 1
December, and recognised by the Paris Peace Conference in May 1919.
The kingdom encompasses most of the Austrian Slovenian lands, Croatia,
Slavonia, most of Dalmatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Vojvodina, Kosovo, the
Serbian-controlled parts of Macedonia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina. It is
to be ruled by Serbian prince regent Aleksandar Karadjordjevicis.

As well as the ethnic Slav majority, the kingdom is home to Germans,
Albanians, Hungarians, Romanians, Turks, Italians, Greeks,
Czechoslovaks, Slovaks, Ruthenians, Russians, Poles, Bulgars,
Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews, and Gipsies. It includes people of the
Christian Orthodox faith, Roman Catholics, Muslims, Jews and
Protestants.

The political mix of the kingdom reflects this multicultural base,
with no single party ever gaining a majority. The Serbian Radical
Party (SRP), lead by Nikola Pasic, and the Croatian Republican Peasant
Party (CRPP), lead by Stjepan Radic, dominate but hold almost
diametrically opposed views, with the Serbs advocating strong central
control and the Croats favouring regional autonomy.

1920 - Following a general election where it wins the majority of
Croatian seats, the CRPP boycotts the parliament, a position it will
maintain until 1924. The boycott allows the SRP to take power by
default and pursue its centralist policies.

1925 - The CRPP and SRP strike a compromise and form a coalition
government. Under the agreement the CRPP recognises the monarchy,
accepts the constitution and changes its name to the Croatian Peasant
Party (CPP). However, the coalition is shortlived, lasting only until
1926, after which the parliament degenerates.

1927 - Pavelic is elected to the Zagreb City Council as a
representative for the frankovci faction of the HSP. At national
elections, the Croatian block that includes the frankovci faction wins
45,000 votes in the Zagreb region and is allocated two seats in the
Yugoslav Parliament, one of which is given to Pavelic. He is later
elected vice president of the HSP-frankovci.

1928 - Radic is shot and mortally wounded on the floor of parliament
on 20 June. When he dies on 28 August representatives from Croatia and
Bosnia-Herzegovina walk out of the parliament, demanding a federal
state and refusing to acknowledge the authority of the king.

1929 - On 6 January, in an attempt to hold the federation together,
the king suspends the constitution and declares a temporary 'Royal
Dictatorship'. The parliament is dissolved, political parties are
banned, civil liberties are cancelled, local self-government is
abolished and laws are decreed against sedition, terrorism, and
propagation of communism. A Serb is made premier, and the name of the
country is officially changed to the 'Kingdom of Yugoslavia'.

However, it is soon evident that rather than cementing unity the
king's plan is creating greater division. Croatian opposition to a
Serb-controlled centralist system grows, while the Serbian political
movement is fractured. Leaders of both groups flee the country, as
does Pavelic, who is sentenced to death in absentia for his part in
anti-Serb demonstrations organised by Bulgarian and Macedonian
terrorists.

Pavelic travels to Vienna, the capital of Austria, arriving in
February. While in the city he takes the leadership of the Croat Youth
Movement, a nationalist group dedicated to resisting the royal
dictatorship. Pavelic also makes contact with the Internal Macedonian
Revolutionary Organisation (VRMO), whose leader provides him with an
introduction to Benito Mussolini, the fascist dictator of Italy.

1931 - The royal dictatorship in Yugoslavia is ended and limited
democracy reintroduced, although the political landscape remains
tumultuous and divisive. Croatian discontent builds when the new
leader of the CPP is arrested and jailed for terrorist activities.

1932 - Pavelic accepts an offer from Mussolini to relocate to Italy,
where be begins to refashion the Croat Youth Movement into the
terrorist group that will come to be known as the Ustase
(Insurrection).

Provisioned with training camps, protection and financial support by
Mussolini, and receiving further support from the government of Hungry
and, later, from Nazi Germany, the Ustase begin a campaign of bombings
within Yugoslavia.

In the so-called 'Lika Uprising' the Ustase attempt an armed invasion
of Yugoslavia. About one dozen Ustase operatives covertly cross the
Adriatic in motorboats, travelling from Italy to Zadar on the Croatian
coast, which is then under Italian rule. From Zadar they travel
overland to the Velebit Mountains. After attacking a police station
and killing 17 police they are forced into a hasty retreat with a
number of local Ustase who joined them during the action.

The base for Ustase terrorist operations then moves to Hungary.

1934 - On 14 October a Ustase agent assassinates King Aleksandar while
he is visiting Marseille in France. Pavelic is thought to have bribed
a high French official to ensure that security around the king was
lax, even though the Ustase had made a previous attempt on his life.

Following the assassination, a three-man regency is appointed to rule
in the king's place. The CPP leader is released from jail and, in
1935, elections are held. The resulting government eases political
oppression but fails to restore full democracy or to address the
Croatian separatist movement, which refuses to compromise.

Italy meanwhile arrests Pavelic and other leaders of the Ustase
following the assassination of the king but refuses to extradite them
to face the death sentences passed in absentia in France. Several
months later they are released.

1939 - On 26 August, with the outbreak of the Second World War
imminent, the Yugoslav Government signs an agreement, the 'Sporazum'
(Understanding), with the CPP granting limited autonomy to Croatia.
Six days later Germany invades Poland and the war begins.

Yugoslavia attempts to remain neutral but comes under mounting
pressure from Germany to fall in with the other Balkan states and sign
the 'Tripartite Pact', aligning the country with the 'Axis' powers -
Germany, Italy and Japan.

1941 - The Yugoslav Government gives into the German pressure on 24
March, signing a protocol of adherence to the Tripartite Pact. Two
days later, on 26 March, junior officers from the Yugoslav air force
stage a coup d'état and overthrow the government, unleashing a wave of
anti-German demonstrations across Belgrade, the national capital.
Germany responds on 6 April, bombing the capital in a blitzkrieg that
kills thousands (sources estimate the number killed to be between
12,000 and 17,000). Axis forces then invade.

Pavelic seizes the opportunity. Broadcasting from Italy, he calls on
Croatian soldiers to mutiny. "Use your weapons against the Serbian
soldiers and officers," he says, "We are fighting shoulder to shoulder
with our German and Italian allies."

Overwhelmed by the Axis invasion force, the Yugoslav Army collapses
and the government flees.

On 10 April German troops occupy Zagreb. The same day, Slavko
Kvaternik, a retired Austro-Hungarian colonel who is the Ustase leader
in Croatia, Pavelic's deputy, and commander of the armed forces,
proclaims the 'Independent State of Croatia' (Nezavisna Drzava
Hrvatska, NDH), which incorporates Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and
Syrmia.

Pavelic arrives in Zagreb at 5.00 am on Tuesday 15 April, ending his
12 years of exile.

By 17 April all Yugoslav resistance to the Axis forces has been
crushed. On 18 April the Yugoslav Army officially surrenders. The
invaders now begin to carve up the spoils.

The Germans recognise the NDH, occupy most of Serbia and annex
northern Slovenia. Italy takes southern Slovenia, and much of
Dalmatia, joins Kosovo with its Albanian puppet state, and occupies
Montenegro. Hungary occupies part of Vojvodina and Slovenian and
Croatian border regions. Bulgaria takes Macedonia and a part of
southern Serbia.

On the urging of Mussolini, the Germans agree to make Pavelic
Poglavnik (Chieftain) of the NDH. Almost immediately he declares that
the primary aim of his government will be the "purification" of
Croatia and the elimination of "alien elements". The "ethnic
cleansing" of two million Serbs, Jews, and Gipsies in the NDH now
begins.

Pavelic's Ustase storm troopers employ forced religious conversion,
deportation and murder to achieve their goal of an ethnically pure
Croatia. Their credo is "kill a third, expel a third, and convert a
third". Serbs will be required to wear armbands bearing the letter P
(for Pravoslavac, or Orthodox Christian), while Jews will have to wear
armbands with the letter Z (for Zidov).

The Ustase will be supported by elements of the Croatian Catholic
Church, including the Archbishop of Sarajevo, Ivan Saric. Some
Franciscan priests will enlist in the Ustase and participate in the
violence.

The massacres begin at the Serbian village of Gudovac in
Bosnia-Herzegovina on 27 April. They will continue unabated until the
end of the war and result in the genocide of tens of thousands of
Serbs, Jews and Gipsies. Thousands more will flee to the relative
safety of Serbia. Orthodox priests will also be targeted, with 131 out
of the total of 577 practicing in the region being killed. Execution
methods favoured by the Ustase included knifing and bludgeoning to
death, throwing live victims from cliffs, as well as shooting.

The brutality of the Ustase violence of appals many high-ranking
officers in the occupying forces. General Edmund Glaise von Horstenau,
the German commander of the NDH, reports to Berlin that "according to
reliable reports from countless German military and civilian observers
... the Ustasha have gone raging mad". Later he states that the "Croat
revolution was by far the bloodiest and most awful among all I have
seen firsthand or from afar in Europe since 1917."

The German commander of southeastern Europe calls the Ustase onslaught
"a Croatian crusade of destruction". Italian commanders begin to
provide civilians with protection against the Ustase, with some going
so far as to ignore orders to cease the practice.

On 6 June Pavelic meets German dictator Adolf Hitler, who agrees to
Pavelic's plan to expel much of the Serbian population of the NDH and
replace them with Croats and Slovenes from lands annexed by the
Germans. Pavelic will meet with Hitler again in November 1942.

In September 1941 an Ustase-run concentration camp is opened at
Jasenovac, on the Bosnia-Herzegovina border about 90 km southeast of
Zagreb. About 200,000 Serbs, Jews, Gipsies and political prisoners are
killed at Jasenovac, which is the largest in the 26 camps established
in the Balkans. Along with the Ustase, Catholic clergy staff the camp
and participate in the executions.

Meanwhile, the Yugoslav resistance movement begins to coalesce around
the nationalist 'Chetnik' groups and the communist-led 'Partisan'
guerrillas.

Yugoslav Army Colonel Dragoljub 'Draza' Mihajlovic becomes the best
know of the Chetnik commanders, and in October 1941 is recognised by
Britain as the leader of the Yugoslav resistance movement. In 1942 the
Yugoslav government-in-exile promotes him to commander of its armed
forces. Mihajlovic's strategy is to avoid clashes with Axis forces and
prepare for a general uprising to coincide with an invasion of the
Balkans by the Allied forces of Britain, the US and the Soviet Union.

Josip Broz Tito, the secretary-general of the Yugoslavian Communist
Party, leads the Partisans. Their slogan is "Death to Fascism, Freedom
to the People". Tito favours direct action, and in July 1941 launches
uprisings that win the Partisans control of much of the Yugoslav
countryside. However, thousands of civilians are killed in Ustase
reprisals.

In September 1941 Germany also hits back, warning that 100 Serb
civilians will be executed for every German soldier killed by the
resistance. In October, about 7,000 Serbian men and boys are executed
at Kragujevac in Serbia after a squadron of Germans is wiped out in an
ambush. A further 1,700 are executed at Kraljevo.

Tito ignores the reprisals and continues with the Partisans' campaign,
extending their attacks to the Chetnik forces, which are largely
anti-communist. Mihajlovic in turn targets the Partisans as the main
enemy of the Chetniks. The Chetniks also begin to cooperate with the
Germans and Italians to prevent a communist victory.

1942 - On 16 April Pavelic announces that a scorched earth policy will
be used to combat the resistance. Under the policy, anyone in those
regions of the NDH subject to resistance activity can be summarily
executed.

1943 - In December British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, US
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin
agree to give their full support to the Partisans, effectively
marginalising the Chetniks. The Partisans' position is further
strengthened in September 1944 when the exiled king calls on all
Yugoslavs to back them.

1944 - The advancing Soviet Army crosses the Yugoslav border on 1
October, joining with the Partisans to liberate Belgrade on 20
October. The Red Army then moves on toward Germany, leaving the
Partisans and the Western Allies to mop up the remaining Germans,
Ustase, and Chetniks. The bloodiest fighting breaks out when the
Partisans advance into Croatia.

1945 - The Partisans capture Sarajevo on 6 April. Ustase leaders and
collaborators flee to Austria, along with regular Croatian and
Slovenian troops and some Chetniks, leaving the Partisans in control
of all of Yugoslavia.

On 7 May Germany surrenders unconditionally. The war in Yugoslavia
ends on 15 May. It has claimed 1.7 million Yugoslav lives, 11% of the
pre-war population. About one million of the causalities have been
killed by their fellow countrymen. The Ustase is estimated to have
murdered 30,000 Jews, 29,000 Gipsies, and 600,000 Serbs.

Pavelic flees Zagreb on 15 April, avoiding detection and escaping
overland to Austria, from where travels to Rome. He is reported to be
living in the city under the protection of the Catholic church and
with the knowledge of the Allied occupational forces, who fail to
arrest him even though they are provided with credible information on
his whereabouts.

On 12 September 1947 the American Counterintelligence Corps office in
Roman reports that "Pavelic's contacts are so high, and his present
position is so compromising to the Vatican, that any extradition of
Subject would deal a staggering blow to the Roman Catholic Church."

Early in 1948 Pavelic moves to a monastery near Castel Gandolfo, 25 km
southeast of Rome, where he lives disguised as a priest. Later the
same year Vatican operatives smuggle him to Buenos Aires in Argentina,
where he revives the Ustase movement (now called Hrvatska Drzavotvorna
Stranka) and acts as a security adviser to Argentine dictator Juan
Perón.

Meanwhile in Yugoslavia, the communists, backed by the Soviet Union,
take control of the government. The Federal People's Republic of
Yugoslavia is proclaimed on 29 November. It comprises the republics of
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and
Macedonia. An ethnically mixed Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and a
mostly Albanian Autonomous Region of Kosovo are created within Serbia.
Tito heads the Communist Party, the government and the armed forces.

Retribution against wartime collaborators begins. Ustase members,
Croatian and Slovenian collaborators and innocent refugees who had
fled to Austria are captured and returned to Yugoslavia, where
thousands are summarily executed by the Partisans. Thousands of
Chetniks are jailed. Mihajlovic and other Chetnik leaders are executed
for collaboration after a show trial in 1946.

Over 200 priests and nuns charged with participating in Ustase
atrocities are also executed.

In September 1946 the head of the Croatian Catholic Church, Archbishop
Alojzije Stepinac, is sentenced to 16 years jail for complicity with
the Pavelic government. He serves five years before begin released.

1957 - The Yugoslav secret police catch up with Pavelic in Argentina,
organising an assassination attempt that is implemented on 9 April.
Pavelic survives but is badly wounded. He subsequently flees to Spain,
which is ruled by the fascist dictator Francisco Franco.

1959 - Pavelic dies in Madrid on 28 December, from injuries sustained
in the assassination attempt. It is later revealed that his body is
secured at a secret location in Madrid waiting for the time when it
can be returned to the "homeland" to lie in state in Zagreb.

2003 - Croatia and Serbia-Montenegro move towards reconciliation on 10
September when the presidents of both countries apologise to one
another for "all the evils" done by their countries in wars. In an
earlier trip to Israel the Croatian president had apologised for
crimes committed by the Ustase during the Second World War.

Comment: The horror of events in the Balkans during the Second World
War has been displaced in recent memory by further horrors committed
there at the end of the century. But it could be argued that the
genocide allegedly committed by the likes of Slobodan Miloševic and
Radovan Karadzic pales in comparison to that of Ante Pavelic and his
fascist regime. One thing is certain - the suffering of the Serbs at
the hands of the Ustase during the Second World War was and continues
to be a key factor in the paranoia that informs much of their national
chauvinism.

And there is legitimate cause for their concern. Pavelic has gone but
the Ustase lives on. Since Pavelic's death, the movement has been
implicated in numerous terrorist attacks in Europe and the United
States. Between 1962 and 1966, three Yugoslav diplomats were murdered
by the Ustase. In 1968 a bombing attack on a theatre in Belgrade
killed one person and wounded 85. The Yugoslav ambassador to Sweden
was assassinated in Stockholm in 1971. The following year Ustase
terrorists hijacked a Swedish airliner and successfully demanded that
the ambassador's assassin be freed. The Ustase also claimed
responsibility for the bombing of a Yugoslav JAT airliner flying from
Denmark to Croatia in 1972. The attack killed 26.

An explosion in a storage locker at New York's La Guardia airport in
December 1975 that killed 11 people and injured 75 may have been set
by the Ustase. In September 1976 four Ustase agents hijacked an
American TWA plane, resulting in the death of one police officer. The
same year the Yugoslav embassy in Washington was bombed. In 1980 the
Ustase detonated a bomb in the Statue of Liberty in New York.

More worrying still, there are many within contemporary Croatia who
continue to view Pavelic as a national hero and long for a time when
his goal of an ethnically pure "homeland" is finally realised. The
founding of the NDH on 10 April 1941 is still openly commemorated in
parts of the country, renegade priests still give eulogies to Pavelic,
and portraits of the dictator can still be found on the walls of many
government, military and political offices.

More information
Links are to external sites.
Yugoslavia - A Country Study (Library of Congress Country Studies
Series)

The Pavelic Papers: On the Trail of the Ustase - Hitler's Croatian
Allies

Degenerate - Lord of the Danse Macabre: Ante Pavelic and the
Independent State of Croatia

Simon Wiesenthal Centre - Online Multimedia Learning Centre - Ante
Pavelic

Barry Marjanovich

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Mar 31, 2004, 1:27:20 PM3/31/04

"Radovan" <rado...@yahoo.com> (Another hiding serv) served:

> Greetings to my Servian Satanists and eternal glory to our leader
Satan SLOBo of great servia and The Hague:

http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://makeashorterlink.com/?V21041B17
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http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg

http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/arabic/warcrimes/karadzic.htm
http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/spanish/warcrimes/mladic.htm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2714429.stm

http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/warcrimes/Karadzic.htm
http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/english/warcrimes/Mladic.htm
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm

ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
"Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
way."

Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
to the Servian nation.
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

The story of the Servian sacrifice and Golgotha should be in every
elementary history book. That was the price the Servs were ready to
pay.(Excerpt from The Theft of the Servs' Only Treasure by Petar
Makara. July 5, 2001)

SERVIAN ACTION A:
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg

CROATIAN REACTION:
http://www.kakarigi.net/croatia/news/dossier/eng/index.html

SERVIAN ACTION B:
http://www.kakarigi.net/croatia/news/dossier/eng/predaja1.html

A Servian terrorist makes a confession:

"To understand the Servs is to understand our sense of pride; it is to
understand why we the Servs celebrate June 28, St. Vitus Day, the day
of the Kosovo Battle of 1389. We are a sick people who celebrate a day
of our defeat."

http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
servsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssservs

"If we Servs cannot work, we can surely fight."

Slobo Milosevic (also known as Satan SLOBo), at his 1989 inauguration
as president, timed to coincide with the 600th anniversary of the
Battle of Kosovo Polje, in which the Turks overran the Servs.

Kostunica: "I won't hand over Milosevic"
"I am the president"
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
Excerpts:
The Guardian
Special report: Serbia
Martin Woollacott
Friday September 29, 2000

Vojislav Kostunica does not differ much from
Milosevic on Serbia's right to Kosovo; on
the status of the Bosnian Serb entity,
Republika Srpska; or on the desirability of
Montenegro staying with Serbia.

In choosing Kostunica in such large
numbers, it may be said that the Serbians
have voted for a clean Milosevic. They
voted for a man who has never said that
Serbia's objectives in the wars of the last
10 years were wrong; who denies the
authority of the International War Crimes
Tribunal in The Hague; who considers
Nato intervention an outrage: and who
insists that Serbia will not be a vassal
state of the west.

http://www.alb-net.com/index.htm
http://www.alb-net.com/warcrimes-img/warcrimes.htm
http://www.alb-net.com/cleansing.htm

http://ds.dial.pipex.com/srebrenica.justice
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm

http://makeashorterlink.com/?V21041B17
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"Molim Vas, nemojte nas vise spasavati!"

http://www.hkz.hr/Hrvatsko_slovo/2001/317/t26.htm

http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&

--
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