truth about croatia
paracho
MYTH: "ALL CROATIANS WERE FASCISTS DURING WORLD WAR II; ALL SERBS WERE
PRO-ALLIED"
Myth: All Croatians were Fascists during World War II. The Serbian apologist
writer Nora Beloff writing in the Washington Post may have been the first to
add the astounding claim that "all Serbs were pro-Allied."
Reality: Both Croatia and Serbia had pro-Axis governments during World War
II. All of the nations of Yugoslavia had elements which supported the Axis
and all had elements that were anti-Axis during the War. However, it was the
Croatian dominated Partisans, led by the Croatian Josip Broz Tito which
formed the only true anti-Fascist fighting force in Yugoslavia and the most
formidable Allied force in occupied Europe during World War II.
Flirting with Fascism
World War II came to Yugoslavia as a direct result of the pro-Axis
sentiments of the Serbian controlled Yugoslav government. Under Prince Paul
Yugoslavia moved steadily away from France and toward Germany after the
death of King Alexander. As early as February of 1936 Hitler promised to
support the government of Premier Milan Stojadinovic.
By 1937 Stojadinovic had visited Mussolini, developed his own squad of
"Green Shirts" and adopted the Nazi salute. It was perhaps taking the title
Vodja (Fuhrer) that finally sent Prince Paul into action, replacing
Stojadinovic with Dragisa Cvetkovic who maintained the same pro-Axis foreign
policy but with fewer Fascist trappings.
Prince Paul saw the Third Reich as the only power able to maintain the
artificial state of Yugoslavia and he began secret negotiations with top
Nazi officials in December 1939. He hoped that he could become King under
the New Order, denying the young Crown Prince Peter his title. Yugoslavia
joined the Axis on March 24, 1941. The only member of the government who
refused to sign the "Pact of Steel" joining the Axis was the Croatian
minister, Vladko Macek of the Croatian Peasant Party. After the signing
Cvetkovic assured Hitler that Yugoslavia "...would be ready to cooperate
with Germany in every way." In fact, Paul had been cooperating since 1939
with mass arrests of Jews, strict racial laws, and the prohibition of trade
unions. By 1940, legislation had been passed limiting the types of
businesses which Jews could own, direct, or work in and severely limiting
educational access for Jews. A secret protocol was attached to the Axis pact
which promised Yugoslavia access to the Aegean Sea at the expense of Greece
in the New Order.
Coup and Invasion
On March 26, 1941 two Serbian generals, Bora Mirkovic and Dusan Simovic, led
a British-assisted coup against the Cvetkovic government. The Anglo-American
press went wild with stories about the Serbs' stand against the Axis. In
fact, the coup had its roots in both foreign and domestic policy.
Lost in the mythology is the fact that the generals did not think Germany
would invade and wanted to maintain cordial relations with the Axis. On
March 30 the Yugoslav Foreign Minister made a formal statement to the German
envoy that the new government respected the Axis pact and that Simovic was
"devoted to the maintenance of good and friendly relations with its
neighbors the German Reich and the Kingdom of Italy." Simovic believed that
his close personal friendship with several top Nazis, especially
Reichmarschall Goring, would save the day. His error led to a German
invasion on April 6.
Before seeing a single German soldier, the Serbian-led army withdrew from
Slovenia and Croatia to defend Serbia, leaving the Croatians and Slovenes
without supplies or ammunition. Most Croatian soldiers simply went home. The
Yugoslav military disintegrated at first sight of the Germans as 100 of 135
generals in the top-heavy Serbian officer corps surrendered during the first
week. Belgrad was taken by a single platoon of Waffen-SS shock troops led by
a second lieutenant on April 12. As General Simovic and his government fled
the country with millions in gold, only the Croatian Peasant Party minister
Vladko Macek stayed to share the fate of his people.
Once a safe distance from the fighting, Simovic immediately announced that
Yugoslavia had fallen because of the Croatians, all of whom were traitors
and Fascists. Ignoring the military abandonment of Croatia and Slovenia, the
mass surrender of the Serbian officer corps, and the obvious fact that the
entire government had fled, Simovic announced that Serbia had been stabbed
in the back.
The Yugoslav ambassador to the United States, Konstatin Fotic, worked
overtime spreading the tale that Yugoslavia had been defeated only because
of Croatian disloyalty, despite the fact that his cousin headed the new
pro-Nazi government in Serbia and that another cousin was leader of the
Serbian Nazi Party.
The Croatian State
Croatia was occupied by Germany and Italy and divided into German and
Italian occupation zones. The Independent State of Croatia was established
with the consent of Germany and against the expressed wishes of Italy which
wanted to make it an Italian Kingdom. Italy went so far as to name a "King
of Croatia" who never set foot in his erstwhile kingdom. The Croatian
government was led by Ante Pavelic and his Ustase movement. Pavelic had been
an elected Deputy in Parliament and vice-president of the Croatian Bar
Association when Alexander declared the dictatorship and dissolved
Parliament. Pavelic founded the Ustase in exile with the aim of liberating
Croatia by force. When war broke out, underground Ustase throughout Croatia
took control of the government well before the Germans arrived. As in the
Soviet Union, when the Germans did arrive, they were at first welcomed as
liberators. The new Croatian government adopted German racial and economic
laws and persecuted Jews, Serbs, Communists, Peasant Party leaders and
others. While fighting primarily for its own survival against Serbian
Cetniks who wanted to restore the Serbian monarchy and the Communist-led
Partisans, the Croatian State joined the Axis and later sent troops to the
Russian front.
While the majority of the Croatian people favored an independent Croatian
state, many did not support the Ustase regime. 'When the war broke out there
were fewer than twelve thousand members of the movement representing less
than one per cent of the Croatian population. At its height in 1942, there
were only sixty thousand Ustase. Over sixty per cent were from impoverished
Western Herzegovina with a strong anti-Serbian sentiment from the
dictatorship of Alexander. Some twenty per cent were Muslims who joined in
direct response to Serbian massacres in Bosnia. The leader of Croatia's
popular Peasant Party was jailed by the regime during the War.
Many members of the Croatian officer corps were pro-Allied and supported the
Croatian Peasant Party. In September 1944 pro-Allied officers attempted a
coup against Pavelic. The plotters had been promised an Anglo-American
landing in Dalmatia and would have turned the Croatian Army against Germany
to support the Allied invasion. The landing never took place. Dr. Ivan
Subasic of the Yugoslav Government-in-Exile learned of the plot and informed
the Soviets. Stalin immediately contacted Roosevelt and informed him that
any such, action would be a violation of the Tehran agreement dividing
Europe into spheres of influence. Roosevelt canceled all plans for the
landing but British secret channels withheld the information from the
Croatians on the premise that any revolt, even one doomed to failure, was
better for the Allied cause than nothing.
Serbia and the Cetniks
In Serbia, a new pro-Nazi government was first established under the
leadership of Milan Asimovic and later under former Minister of War General
Milan Nedic which governed until 1945. Nedic supported Hitler and met with
him in 1943. This new government established even harsher racial laws than
Prince Paul had enacted and immediately established three concentration
camps for Jews, Gypsies and others. Nedic formed his own paramilitary storm
troops known as the State Guard. The Guard was comprised of former members
of the Cetniks which had existed as an all-Serbian para-military police
force under Alexander and Paul to enforce loyally from non-Serbian members
of the armed forces. When Yugoslavia disintegrated, one faction of cetniks
swore allegiance to the new Serbian Nazi government. Another group remained
under the pre-war leader Kosta Pecanac who openly collaborated with the
Germans. A third Cetnik faction followed the Serbian Fascist Dimitrije
Ljotic. Ljotic's units were primarily responsible for tracking down Jews,
Gypsies and Partisans for execution or deportation to concentration camps.
By August 1942 the Serbian government would proudly announce that Belgrade
was the first city in the New Order to be Judenfrei or "free of Jews." Only
1,115 of Belgrade's twelve thousand Jews would survive. Ninty-five per cent
of the Jewish population of Serbia was exterminated.
Still other Cetniks rallied behind Draza Mihailovic, a 48 year-old Army
officer who had been court-martialed by Nedic and was known to have close
ties to Britain. Early in the War Mihailovic offered some resistance to the
German forces while collaborating with the Italians. By July 22, 1941 the
Yugoslav Government-in-Exile announced that continued resistance was
impossible.
Although Mihailovic and his exiled government would maintain a fierce
propaganda campaign to convince the Allies that his Cetniks were inflicting
great damage on the Axis, the Cetniks did little for the war effort and
openly collaborated with the Germans and Italians while fighting Ustase and
Partizans. At its peak, Mihailovic's Cetniks claimed to have three hundred
thousand troops. In fact they never numbered over thirty-one thousand.
Mihailovic was executed in 1946 for treason. The extent of Cetnik
collaboration with the German and Italian armies as well as their vicious
war against the pro-Allied Partisans is well documented in dozens of books,
including Professor J. Tomasevich's scholarly and definitive work The
Chetniks.
The Partisans
The Partisans, founded by Josip Broz Tito, a Croatian Communist, represented
the only true resistance to the Axis in Yugoslavia during World War II.
Hundreds of thousands of Croatians joined the Partisans and thirty-nine of
the Partisan's eighty brigades were Croatian. On June 22, 1941 Croatian
Partisans began what would come to be known as the War of Liberation in
Yugoslavia. On July 13, 1943 a Democratic Republic of Croatia under the
leadership of Andrija Hebrang was declared in those areas occupied by the
Croatian Partisan forces. As the war progressed more and more Croatians,
especially from Dalmatia, joined the Partisans. Serbs joined in great
numbers late in the War as entire Cetnik units changed their allegiance. By
1943 Allied support shifted to Tito and by 1944 the Partisans were the only
recognized Allied force fighting in Yugoslavia. The complexities of World
War II saw Croatian fighting Croatian, Serb fighting Serb, and both fighting
each other as well as German, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian forces. Both
Serbia and Croatia, like Finland, Hungary, France and virtually every other
nation in Europe, were occupied by the Axis and had governments which
collaborated with the Axis. Both Croatia and Serbia also had Partisan
governments fighting for the Allies. A half century later Germany and Japan
were again great world powers and Italy was a full partner in the European
community while Croatia, having been occupied by Germany and Italy,
continued to be tarred with the brush of Fascism by Belgrade's mythology.
ljiljak
I have to reply with a few words.
First of all, it is true that both Croatia and Serbia had pro-Axis
governmenst, it is a common knowledge. But their methods were completely
opposite. In Croatia you had to serve the military (fachist) service as a
Ustasa of Domobran. In Serbia no one force you to join to Ljoticevci,
because Serbia didn`r really needed army, only police to maintain order.
That was because in Serbia was more than enough German troops. Croatia was
almoust without German army. I`ll let the readers of this post to came up
with the conclusion why is that.
Second, there (almost) were no croatian partisans. I don`t know where you
are from, but if you are from Cro, you know it very well. I just don`t know
can you afford so much lies? Do you believe in God? Are you expecting to go
to heaven with this words? Josip Broz was officialy Croat, but no one really
doesn`t know who he was, because there is so much holes in his biography.
Why didn`t you said that he was also an German soldier in The First WW?
There is a picture of him holding a gun somewhere near the river Drina.
Also, the fact is that he didn`t organized resistance in Croatia, he came to
Serbia to do that. First liberated territory in the occupied Europe was in
Serbia, in a city Uzice, you know it well. At the same time, Croatian army
organized concentration camps of deats, for Serbs, Jews and Gipsies. There
were no partisans in Croatia, in the 4 years of war, the battles was only
lead in Serbia and Bosnia.
And I almost forgot. Probably the only nation in the entire World who
welcomed the German troops with ovations and applause, was Croats. In the
streets of Zagreb, Croats was singing German songs and put flowers on the
road in front of German`s boots. Nazis have had a hard time to believe that.
There stil is some films to prove that.
Germany didn`t bomb Croatian cities. Not a single one. At the same time,
they bomb each large city in Serbia. Belgrade was almost stood to ground.
They didn`t spare hospitals nor libraries.
About the military coup at 26th of March - it wasn`t really clear what did
you mean to say, Serbs has overtrown government in order to remain the same
politics with Germany?? I don`t think so... Serbian generals, who were
totaly disagree with government, did that because they felt that they have
support of the people of Serbia. And they did, all Serbia supported that
coup. In the morning of 27th, there were massive demonstrations in all
Serbian cities. They have written on a paper (I don`t know the exact word
for that) words "Better war than a pact" and "Better grave than a slave".
About the Simovich`s words - maybe he really said that. Wouldn`t you said
that? He wasn`t crazy. Also, he accomplished his task before, Yugoslavia was
no longer member of the Pact.
I really like this sentence, so I shall quote you - "...only the Croatian
Peasant Party minister
Vladko Macek stayed to share the fate of his people". Nice:) I emphesize the
fact that he shared the fate of *his* people. Did you mentioned before that
he was a Croatian nationalist? Didn`t? What did you, like forgot?
And you said that Serbians left Croatia and Slovenia at mercy of Germans?
What were you? Creeps? Why couldn`t you defend yourself, of that happend at
all? And also, Serbian left Croatia to defend Serbia and then emidiatelly
surrend here. It doesn`t make any sense.
Another quote - "While fighting primarily for its own survival against
Serbian
Cetniks who wanted to restore the Serbian monarchy and the Communist-led
worry about that. Croatia fought to clear the country from Serbs in Krajina.
That was the state policy "one part of Serbs shoud be send to exile, one
part convert to catolicism and one part kill". How come you didn`t
remembered that? Weak memory?
By the way, landing in Dalmatia never took place for a strategic reason.
Problem was mountains, not Stalin. Normandy was (is) flat.
Boy, you gona love bein` in hell... Serbia did not have any concentration
camps, some train will hit you for sayin such a lies. Nedic have had enough
problems with comunists, and that is the only sort of people he chased. He
was a nationalist, but in despite of your oppinion, he was not a rasist.
Anti Jews policy was never a state policy in Serbia, unlike Croatia.
Again, Dimitrije Ljotic was a Serbian nationalist who was killing his
political oponents, communists. In Serbia, unlike Croatia, was a civil war
betwen Serbian communists and cetniks, soldiers loyal to old Yugoslav
government in exile.
You know, (and you probably do know) with so much lies someone would realy
believe you. If so many Jews were killed in Serbia, how do you explain the
fact that there are many of survivers in Israel who are still gratefull to
Serbian people for their lives? How many Jews died by Croatian knife in
Jasenovac and Gradiska, camps of death in Croatia? I really hope that their
spirits gonna chase you at night, when you go to bed. Then you`ll know how
many was them.
Now you are really making me laugh... You`re a funny guy, you know that?
Croatia had so much partisans?:)))
Let`s look at the facts. I believe that you would agree that the Croats were
not happy in the old Yugoslavia. That`s why they welcomed Germans as a
liberators. Many Croats hated Serbs. How many of them left to join
partisans, along with the Serbs. How many of them were willing to fight
along with the Serbian kommunists, and to say that nationality isn`t
importante?
Why didn`t you say where was that liberated part of Croatia? Why didn`t you
said that that was in parts of Krajina, which was populated by Serbs. And,
Croatians from Dalmatia joined the partisans *after* Italian capitulation,
when they have felt that the Germany will lose the war.
"...continued to be tarred with the brush of Fascism by Belgrade's
mythology." What did you mean by that? I would really like to hear what bed
has been done to you from Belgrade during the communist era?
"paracho" <para...@rogers.com> wrote in message
news:RRSD9.170624$MGm1....@news02.bloor.is.net.cable.rogers.com...
ljiljak
areas near the borderline, Germans really was welcomed as a liberators. That
was because of the fact that Stalin had a non-attack deal with Germans, and
peasents thought that that was the German friends coming. That was the
confusion that lasted few days.
In Croatia there were no confusion. They knew who are Germans and why they
are coming. Croatia is the only state in the world that welcomed the German
boots with red carpets. That is a fact.
By the way, Croatia still has a nazi flag from WWII. What do you think what
would happend if Germany decide to bring back their old "swastika" flag?
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
"Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
way."
Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
to the Servian nation.
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
SERBIA'S SECRET WAR: PROPAGANDA AND THE DECEIT OF HISTORY
by Philip J. Cohen
Forword by David Riesman.
264 pages
In his new book Serbia's Secret War, author Philip J. Cohen argues that
Serbian leaders, from educated politicians and church leaders to nearly
illiterate individuals from remote villages, actively promoted
anti-Semitism and collaborated with the Nazis during World War II; began
a
propaganda campaign to transform Serbia's collaborationists into victims
of Nazism; and, have in the late 1980s and early 1990s used this
falsified
historical record as justification for the violent campaign to create an
ethnically pure Greater Serbia. Based on four years of in-depth study
into
diverse and arcane primary sources, many never before translated into
English or known in the West, Cohen focuses on the World War II era but
finds themes and even individual persons from that era linked to the
current crisis in the Balkans.
In his forword to the book, Harvard sociologist David Riesman notes that
the term ethnic cleansing was used by militant Serb nationalists well
before the most recent strife in the Balkans. "The Serbians were
anti-Semitic long before they were Nazis...The Serbs in part made use of
the Nazis," Reisman writes, because Serbs perceived that the Nazis could
be used to help them achieve the century-old goal of greater Serbia,
first
articulated in 1844.
"It is indisputable that the executioners of most Serbia's Jews were
German army personnel or regular police," Cohen writes. Firing squads
and
gas vans were the instruments used in 1941, but back in 1938 the only
Jewish member of the Yugoslav Senate had been expelled and replaced with
a non-Jew and the government had proclaimed that Jewish refugees from
Germany would not be welcome in Yugoslavia. In 1940, six months before
the
Nazi occupation began, the Yugoslav royal government issued legislation
that Jews could not produce or distribute food and could not enroll in
high schools or univeristies.
Immediately after the Nazi occupation, one of the Serbian
collaborationist
newspapers "proclaimed that Jews were the ancient enemies of the Serbian
people and that the Serbs should not wait for the Germans to begin the
extermination of the Jews."
In the fall of 1941, the city of Belgrade sponsored the Grand
Anti-Masonic
Exhibition, which alleged a grand Jewish-Masonic-Communist conspiracy
for
world domination. And leaders of the Serbian Orthodox Church promised
wholehearted cooperation with the occupation government. Despite some
instances of individual Serbians helping Jews hide, the overwhelming
response of the Serbian state to Nazi policies was full support. "Under
the Nazi government of Serbian General Milan Nedic, Serbs collaborated
with the Nazis in disseminating anti-Jewish propaganda, in plundering
Jewish property, in delivering Jews for execution, and in murdering Jews
in concentration camps in the Nazi-supplied gassing van ( a portable gas
chamber)," Cohen writes.
As for the Serbian leaders' attempt to deny anti-Semitic activities and
complicity in the killings, the "revision" of history began within days
of
the Partisan victory, with a primary Serbian newspaper asserting "there
has never been any anti-Semitism among the Serbs, except when the
Germans
ordered it." Many Serbian leaders, accepting a conciliatory offer from
Tito, joined the Communist government and hid their own collaborationist
pasts. In the late 1980s leading Serbian intellectuals in Belgrade
portrayed Serbs as the group most victimized in Yugoslavia and demanded
compensation: a redrawing of the borders of Serbia so that all Yugoslav
Serbs could live safely together in an expanded Serbia. This document
supported its demand by equating the Serbs' situation with that of the
Jews and the state of Israel, saying that Serbs were really "the
thirteenth, lost, and most unfortunate tribe of Israel."
The Serbian-Jewish Friendship Society, a lobbying group of Serbs
organized
by Slobodan Milosevic, began sending emissaries to Israel and volubly
offering moral support and cooperation, even as Belgrade supplied
military
arms to Iraq. There is ample evidence, Cohen writes, of Serbian leaders'
duplicity in maintaining strong military and economic ties to Israel's
opponents in the Middle East, including the training of PLO terrorists,
while promoting the image of Serbia as the tortured innocent victim in
the
Balkans.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
About the Author - Philip J. Cohen, M.D., recognized in mid-1991 that
the
Belgrade regime was engaging in a genocide, one backed by a propaganda
campaign in which selective historical memories were invoked as
justification for the war on non-Serbs. Relying on his background in
scientific research, Cohen began to study the causes of the conflict. In
connection with his research, Cohen has lectured in various academic
forums, including the American Society for International Law as well as
Georgetown, Harvard, and Yale, and Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He
lives in New Jersey.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SERBIA'S SECRET WAR (ISBN: 089096685) is available from booksellers or
direct from Texas A&M press at 1-800-826-8911, M-F 8-5 CDT.
For more information, contact Maureen Creamer at 409-845-1436,
Fax: 409-847-8752.
Orders: Toll-free number 1-800-826-8911.
e-mail: M...@tampress.tamu.edu
The book can also be ordered on the net at www.amazon.com
http://www.hic.hr/books/greatserbia/index.htm
http://www.hic.hr/books/creation/index.htm
http://abcnews.go.com/reference/bios/milosevic.html
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/history/supvii.html
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/milos.html
http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
http://mprofaca.cro.net/mainmenu.html
http://ds.dial.pipex.com/srebrenica.justice
--
Posted via Mailgate.ORG Server - http://www.Mailgate.ORG
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
"Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
way."
Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
to the Servian nation.
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
ANTI-SEMITISM IN SERBIA DURING WORLD WAR II
*********************************************************
BY LJUBICA STEFAN
Some important historical facts about Serbia, before and during the
Second
World War and up to the present time, are still being intentionally not
disclosed and are being distorted on purpose, not only in that country
but
also abroad, where, we believe, this is a result of the lack of
knowledge
of the truth, because of the furious over fifty-year long Yugoslav and
Serbian propaganda, which sadly has been very successful.
That's the reason it is necessary to point these facts - briefly or in
more detail - whenever we speak about that dark period which in fact is
only one of the similar events which had occured through the centuries
of
Serbia's history.
Even today Serbia carries a halo of a heroic small martyr-country which
had supposedly made a great contribution in the battle and for the
victory
of the anti-Hitler coalition as one of the members of that coalition.
This
is completely untrue. Serbia was not one of the miserable occupied
countries exposed to the German terror. During the whole war, Serbia was
the most trustworthy ally of the Third Reich on the territory of Europe
under the Nazi domination. Unlike in the other lands of former
Yugoslavia
there was no organized, and even less widespread, armed anti-Hitler
movements in Serbia.
When England, at the end, stopped to support and glorify Draza
Mihajlovic;
even Radio London reported, as noted by the Serbian press of the time,
the
following warning from Minister Harrison: "It's up to the Serbs to
illuminate their faces in the last moment and wash themselves of stains.
Remember Serbs! There will be no return to the Greater Serbia hegemony!
There's been enough of exploitation of other nations in Yugoslavia by
the
Serbs. You have one more chance to save yourselves. There's been enough
of
plundering and enjoying by the Serbian people while other peoples
fought".
During the Second World War, Serbia was a state in every sense of the
word. It had a government, organized ministries, independent governments
in cities and villages, its own army equipped by the Germans as follows:
Nedic's Serbian government sentinels and the Serbian guard, the elite
Ljotic's Serbian volunteer corps, the Serbian border guard, the Serbian
field guards as well as many Chetnik troops. Under the framework of the
Interior Ministry operated a well-staffed and well-organized Serbian
police, with their numerous prisons, as well as the custom's service and
special police schools. In the villages and cities all elementary and
secondary schools continued to operate, many newspapers and magazines
were
published, as well as many books, even new theaters and movie houses
were
opened, all museums were open, paintings exhibitions and concerts
continued to be presented, and "The Official News" announced new laws
and
regulations by the Serbian government. The Serbian National Bank, headed
by a Serbian governor, issued the new Serbian currency which had a set
rate of exchange not only with the German mark, but also with other
important European currencies, including the kuna - all of this could be
found in the press. Old Serbian flags were displayed everywhere,
prominently displayed was the Serbian coat-of-arms, glorified and
lamented
was Kosovo and the heavenly Prince Lazar, also glorified were Saint Sava
and the Karadjordjevics, etc. etc. And it was believed, until the very
end, that a reward would be received in the creation of Great Serbia
after
the victory of Hitler!
Anti-Semitism is, besides the military conquering genocidal Saint Sava's
Orthodoxy, also one of the constants of the ideology and policies of the
Serbian Orthodox Church, before the Second World War, during the war and
up to the present time. Namely, the Serbian Orthodox Church is in fact a
sort of a political party and even racist, having totally neglected its
pastoral and spiritual work.
In the face of the Second World War, anti-Semitism was growing and
spreading in Serbia. The chief generators for anti-Semitism were the
fascist party of Dimitrije Ljotic called "Zbor" and high church
officials,
as well as the church press. Ljotic spurred on Serbian population with
his statements and writings, as such: "Jews use the explosive in their
hearts to destroy Christian societies and bring them disaster. In all
domains of human life we can feel the destructive work of the Jewish
spirit." And like this: "The Jewishness presents itself as a social and
national danger, which we have to liberate ourselves from." Ljotic's
role
model and ideal was the leader of the Third Reich, and he praised him
like
this: "Hitler is a tool of God's foresight. But a tool which cannot be
stopped anymore until the complete fulfilling of his assigned task." A
great number of Serbian Orthodox priests were very active members of
"Zbor". The most prominent among them was the chief ideologist of
Orthodoxy and anti-Semitism in the Serbian Church bishop Nikolaj
Velimirovic, who as early as 1934 received a decoration from Hitler.
Probably as a sign of appreciation he published in 1935 a book about
Saint
Sava with this thought in it: "We have to pay respects to the present
German Leader, who in the 20th century came upon the idea about Saint
Sava
and who even though a non-professional took upon himself a task within
his
own nation which is fit only for a saint, genius and hero." Several
years
later - in 1939 - he preaches racism publicly: "We are people of the
Arian
race to whom the destiny has given an glorious role...so that tribes of
weaker races and lower religions are no more...". In "the Buletin of the
Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate" there were frequent writings about Jews
like this: "Jews are the enemy, cunning as a snake and dangerous". In
that
publication appeared statements from Patriarch Varnava, which were given
to German newspapers in 1937: "Fuhrer is fighting a battle which
benefits
all humanity", "God sent to the German people a farseeing Fuhrer. We
trust his sincere word." Sometimes before, Varnava called the Soviet
government "The Jewish swindling gang".
Germany invaded Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941; and on April 12, her army
entered Belgrade without a fight. Belgrade was abandoned by the
Yugoslavian army and its government on the first day of the war. An
unconditional surrender was signed by the Royal generals of the army on
April 17.
The administrator of Belgrade Milicevic on the very day that Germans
entered Belgrade, announced to citizens in a poster that the Serbian
police had already been organized and armed. Several days later Dragi
Jovanovic was appointed a new administrator of Belgrade (in which
position
he remained until the end of the war). Dragi Jovanovic was at the same
time the chief of the Serbian police and later became the chief of the
Serbian security. The Serbian police had limitless power which is shown
in statements made by SS general Harald Turner only six months after
his arrival to Belgrade: "I worked hard to put in place the police
operation with exceptional speed. Today all executive powers in the
Serbian lands are handled by the Serbian police and gendarmerie, which
received weapons...internal relations are regulated by domestic organs,
without German interference". Dragi Jovanovic himself in a report to
Gestapo said: "The ocupation forces could always rely on the Belgrade
police. All assignments were completed by the Special police with great
elan and success as no other police had done in cities of occupied
Europe." And in 1946, in a court in Belgrade, he stated this: "Our
results
were better and greater than even of that of Gestapo in Belgrade". First
four months the head of Serbia was Milan Acimovic with his Council of
Commissars, and then the power was taken over by the Serbian government
of
Milan Nedic, former minister of Yugoslavian army, pro-German and
anti-Semite. Due to very close cooperation between all Serbian
governments
and police with Germans, SS general Harald Turner reported as early as
1942: "Serbia is a land in which the Jewish and Gypsy questions have
been
solved." Franz Rademacher from the Nazi Ministry of Foreign Affairs
reported: "The Jewish question in Serbia is not current, now all we need
to resolve are the judicial questions in regard to properties." The
chief
of the German security service in Serbia A. Schafer bragged: "Belgrade -
the only city of bigger cities in Europe, cleaned of Jews, became
'Judenfrei'". Let's recall the historical fact: the inglorious first
place in Europe in genocide of Jews was taken over by Serbia only three
months after a meeting between Reinhard Heydrich, chief of German
Security
Service, Heinrich Muller, chief of Gestapo and Adolf Eichmann, chief of
special department for Jews, which was held January 20, 1942 on lake
Wansee close to Berlin, when a decision was taken to initiate (only
then!)
"the final solution of the Jewish question". That is, the last Jews in
camp Sajmiste were murdered already at the end of April and the
beginning
of May of that year...
The Holocaust in Serbia is until to the present time not very well
covered
as a topic, it's even a taboo subject. The Jewish as well as the Serbian
sources give relatively little information, mostly fragmetary,
nevertheless a whole picture can be ascertained. There is a record
like this: "Only seven days after entering Belgrade the Germans
announced
that all Jews must be registered on the Tasmajdan (the location of the
Serbian police headquarters). Before that they formed a police force,
with
the aid of the Serbian police and the city's administration, which was
to
handle Jews. Every Jew was issued a yellow ribbon." Another source says
that those first ribbons had a sign of "Jude" and "a seal of the
administrator of the city of Belgrade." On one original ribbon which has
been preserved (apparently from later time) it reads in German "Jude"
and
in the Serbian cyrillic letters "Jevrejin" (Serbian for Jew). There
remain
other documents; " The Jewish question was studied by the Serbian
Ministry
of Internal Affairs, which took every effort to always execute all its
commitments on time." It says further: "Using domestic traitors the
Gestapo trained them into a 'Special Police' for fighting the
Jewish-Communist actions! This force colaborated closely with the
Gestapo
and was frequently the initiator of joint actions. The wages for their
personnel were paid from a fund into which the Belgrade Jews had to
deposit 1,400,000 dinars. From that fund they also paid out rewards for
the caught and killed..." As early as May of 1941, the Germans announced
that "All Jews must report to the Serbian police", "they cannot be
public
servants, they must be removed form such jobs by the Serbian government
immediately", the Jews were then forbidden to hold a whole list of
professional jobs, they could not attend theaters or movie-houses etc.,
and the Serbian government was decreed "to be responsible for execution
of
all such orders", which it carried out fully and promtly, with a praise
from the press at the time: "Jews will never again be doctors,
pharmacists, lawyers, judges in Serbia. The Serbs had opened their eyes
at last". Further orders came from Dragi Jovanovic, and then from the
Ministry of Justice and even from the Musicians' Union and others,
demanding from the Jews, for example, to surrender their radios and
cold-boxes, threatening citizens who hide Jewish property or who give
secret shelter to the Jews, liquidating Jewish law offices and putting
in
their place Serbian keepers, forbidding Jews to ride on the Belgrade
street-cars, refusing to issue Jewish musicians work permits, etc.
Following through in their battle for the pure Aryan race, there were
job
ads in the newspapers for various services in which one of the first
conditions was that a person must be "of pure Aryan race, not to have
Jewish or Gypsy blood". And the certificates of race purity, it was
noted, were issued by a local Serbian government.
Nedic's "Ministerial Council" in one of its official orders announced:
"The property of Jews who were citizens of former Yugoslavia as of April
15, 1941, if they reside on the Serbian territory, belongs to Serbia,
without any compensation". The confiscated property was then put on a
public auction by the Council for Property Management of the National
Bank
by advertising such properties in the daily press. In one such listing
of
property was the synagogue of Nis, which is still today used as one of
the
departments of the city museum. The Jews had to contribute 4,834,231
dinars for the administration budget of the city of Belgrade, and also
1,000,000 dinars for the county. According to the Jewish sources 33% of
the buyers of Jewish property were Serbs. And some "worthy" Serbs were
given awards from the plundered Jewish funds. In an written order from a
Gestapo major, Karl Kraus, it says that "starting on July 1, 1941, every
month, payments will be made to the chief of police in Belgrade in the
amount of 10,000 dinars and to his assistant in the amount of 6,000
dinars, from all the Jewish monies that are collected without receipts."
The Gestapo also rewarded members of the Special Police with 10,000 to
20,000 dinars each.
Physical liquidation of Serbian Jews began immediately in the spring of
1941. Before the fall of that year, almost all men were killed, and
women
and children and the remaining men, were liquidated by the end of April
-
beginning of May 1942. The precise number of the killed are not even
available from the Jewish sources. Nevertheless, according to the data
from the historian Jasa Romano it can be ascertained that 88% of the
total
number of Serbian Jews were killed. However, the Serbian historian
Sretenije Zorkic states that of the 11,870 Belgrade Jews, only 1,115
survived the war, which is somewhat more than 9%. The Jews in Serbia
were
not only captured and killed by the Germans, but also by the Serbian
police, Nedic's volunteers and chetniks. Most Serbian Jews were killed
in
the concentration camps Banjica and Sajmiste. Not a single Jew ever
managed to flee alive from the camps.
Camp Banjica in Belgrade was established in July 1941, and was
liquidated
in September 1944, a month before the German troops withdrew from
Belgrade.
At a meeting of the Serbian police and the Gestapo in June 1941, it was
decided to convert the former Yugoslav army barracks on the outskirts of
the city into a concentration camp. A document about that decision was
signed by Dragi Jovanovic and the first prisoners were brought in July
9.
Svetozar Vujkovic was put in charge of the camp, in the Serbian section
of
the camp, while the smaller German part of the camp was managed by the
Gestapo. The overall commander of the camp and his assistant were
German.
The German and Serbian sides of the camp were completely separate.
Prisoners were under heavy guard. "Machine guns and search lights were
installed on the towers. From these towers, two-men guards were
observing
day and night - one SS guard and one gendarme from Special Police. Later
on, when the police attained a greater trust from the occupiers, German
guards were withdrawn." The same Serbian source continues: "The
apparatus
of the camp management also included the key-keepers with their own
commander at the head. They were chosen from the former gendarmes, now
the
members of the Serbian Guard."
From partly saved documents from the Serbian section of the
concentration
camp it is seen that 23,697 persons were registered there, 3,489 were
executed. The German and Serbian police started to destroy documents at
the end of 1943, and dig up and burn bodies of the executed so that it
is
not known how many victims there were, nor how many of them were Jews
and
how many Serbs and others. The only thing that is known for sure: none
of
the Jews ever came out alive from Banjica... They were killed, just like
the rest of the prisoners in the yard of the camp, executed in the
village of Jajinci under Avala, in the Jewish and Central cemetery in
Belgrade. Executions were done jointly by the Gestapo, Special Police
and
the Serbian National Guard. All lists of victims found were written by
hand exclusively in the Serbian alphabet. Prisoners were sent to the
camp
by the SS troops, the German police, the Belgrade city administration,
the
Serbian city police, The Serbian National Guard, Ljotic's volunteers,
Serbian courts, the county and village offices from all-over Serbia.
The execution lists were put together by the Special Police. The lists
were compiled by the head of the camp, Vujkovic, followed by a Gestapo
commander and his assistant. From the rare saved lists it can be seen
even
children were executed: up to 7 years old - 22 children, up to 14 years
old - 26 children, up to 17 years old - 76 children...Executed were even
mothers with small children in their arms. Belgrade grave diggers
recall:
"The Gestapo men and agents of the Special Police dragged out women one
by
one from armored cars. Two men would hold each woman's arms, and a third
man, when she was dragged to the edge of a pit, would shoot her in the
head, and then she was thrown in it." A Jewish source says: "From 1942
until September 1944, the Jews who took shelter in some villages in
Serbia
were taken to Banjica as they were caught by Ljotic's volunteers,
Nedic's
men and chetniks and were turned over to the Germans; for each Jew they
caught they received a monetary reward."
The only Jews who survived in Serbia were the ones who were not
discovered
in the isolated Serbian villages where they hid with peasants. In
his written statement after the war one Jew who survived said this:
"Draza
Mihailovic's Chetniks chased Jews without mercy, especially the Chetnik
troops which came from Ravna Gora ( Draza's headquarters) from whom we
had to hide just like from the Germans. I do know that these Chetniks
killed in the most horrible manner several Jewish families in that
region."
The greatest number of Serbian Jews were killed in the camp SAJMISTE.
Exact data, documentaion hardly exists, but it is thought that the
number
of victims is at least 11,000. The camp was formed on the left bank of
Sava at the railway bridge at the entrance to Belgrade, where stood
pavilions of the Belgrade Fair, that's the reason for the name Sajmiste.
These grounds, at that time empty, deserted and swampy, were part of the
territory of the NDH - several kilometers from Zemun, and the Germans
demanded that it be released under their control. Nevertheless, it is
completely untrue that the camp was an Ustasha camp, how the Serbian
propaganda maintains sometimes even today, eventhough not one Ustasha
ever
stepped into that camp. The commander of the camp was Androfer, as well
as
his assistant, and the rules and discipline were enforced by the Camp
Council on orders from the Gestapo. The Council was exclusively composed
of the prisoners, at first only of the Jews, because there were no
other,
later, of some agents of the Serbian police, and "The Department for
social welfare of the City of Belgrade" had to provide food. At the
beginning of December, 1941, Serbian police distributed calls to the
Jews
of Belgrade to report to the Special Police and surender the keys of
their
apartments.
The delivery of Jews, mostly women and children, lasted from December 8
to
12. The conditions in the camp were more than hard - dampness, cold,
epidemics, and hunger. The Jewish source says: "The food was awful. But
frequently, the City high officials would not allow delivery even of the
minimal quantities of food. Among the Nedic's officials there were
people
who were not any better than the Germans themselves." Because of such
poor food provisions ( which is almost unbelievable) even the German
commanders complained, but the answer of the City of Belgrade high
officials to the Germans was also unbelievable and even arrogant: "For
the Jewish camp, deliveries can only be made when all other needs are
taken care of."
The prisoners who died from hunger and cold and were shipped across
frozen Sava to Belgrade, where they were buried. Many (it's not known
how
many) were taken for execution also to Belgrade, and they were killed in
the same manner and at the same places as the prisoners from Banjica.
Some
were gased by the Germans in a special van on the way to Belgrade and
then
buried at Jajinci, the number of such cases is also not known. Some were
transported to camps in other countries ( it's not known how many and to
where). When the number of imprisoned Jews started to fall off, other
prisoners, Serbs and others started to arrive. One of them remembers:
"The criminals were the same as in Banjica. The same masters were there
-
the Germans, the Nedic's men and the rest of the Serbian fascists."
According to some sources all Jews in that camp were liquidated by May
9,
1942. Belgrade became "Judenfrei."
Another Serbian prisoner who survived wrote in his book of memories:
"Several thousand Jews passed through Sajmiste...Over the walls of the
pavilions there were long writings of that tragic history, and in many
places there were artistically done portraits. We spent days looking at
these last traces of thousands of people.There were Serbian survivors
who
told us about many details of Jewish lives at Sajmiste, and those that
allowed the Jews to write their last farewell thoughts and solemn
promises."
But of all that, there is not a trace today at Sajmiste. Who of the
"liberators" erased that, destroyed, eliminated that without a trace? At
the same time, in the remaining pavilions, which contain offices and
wharehouses, there is not even a smallest plaque which would remind that
in this place was the horrible concentration camp, mostly for Jews. The
European Parliament passed a resolution on February 11, 1993 on the
European and international protection of the concentration camps as
cultural monuments. But, it seems, this does not apply to Sajmiste.
Even,
in Jerusalem, in The Memorial Centre Jad Vasem, in the Hall of
Remembrance, among 22 biggest camp for Jews in Europe, there is no
Sajmiste - the biggest execution site for Jews in Serbia. Of all the
camps on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, only the name of
Jasenovac is written down! Is it intentionally left for history that all
the Serbian Jews were apparently killed in the NDH, in Jasenovac?
What about the SPC (Serbian Orthodox Church)? How it behave during the
WW
II? There was never a word from the church in condemnation of genocide,
yellow ribbons, concentration camps, racism. Representatives of the Holy
Synod went to bow to a German military commander as soon as the Germans
arrived and announced, first in the press, and later verbally, and this:
"The Holy Synod will faithfully follow the laws and orders of the
occupying and state authorties and will encourage through its
organizations a complete maintenance of order and peace and obedience."
The church leaders stayed faithful to the promises they made to the very
end. They never went against their word given to "the Father of Serbia",
general Milan Nedic, when they said: "The Serbian Orthodox church in the
spirit of the Saint Sava's Orthodoxy will always fight on his side."
It's
not known if there was ever one Serbian Orthodox church priest who saved
even one Jew or even tried to save one, but some of them frequently in
their sermons openly stated their antisemitic stands, enciting their
parishioners against Jews. Metropolitan Josif, as the head of the
Serbian
church, during the war put his signature with ease under the orders that
the Jews be prohibited from switching to the Serbian Orthodox church,
eventough, that would had been a straw for them to save their lives.
Three
bishops were the first to sign "the Appeal to the Serbian nation", in
which the intellectual elite of Serbia, over 500 of them, in August
1941,
publically expressed their support to the occupiers and quislings, which
was a unique case in Europe in the whirlwind of war.
One of the clearest manifestations of Serbian antisemitism was the
antimasonic, more precisely, the anti-Jewish exihibition opened in
Belgrade on October 22, 1941, and which was designed to support and
justify the genocide over the Jews in Serbia and Europe. Besides the
exhibits at the exhibition, an enormous amount of propaganda material
was
prepared: over 200 thousand various brochures, 60 thousand posters, 100
thousand flyers, 108 thousand of samples of 9 different types of
envelopes, 176 propaganda movie clips, four different postage stamps
etc.
Organizers boasted: "This concept of exhibition will be unique not only
in
Serbia and the Balkans, not only in southeastern Europe and Europe, but
in
the world."
The media promoted the national pride of population: "The success of
the Belgrade exhibition far overreached the borders of Serbia and gained
a deserved acknowledgment in the media of whole Europe." The main pride
of the organizers was the unique appearance in Europe during the war, of
the anti-Jewish postage stamps with disgusting racist drawings, which
had
the goal, according to wishes of Serbian antisemites, "over the whole
globe through all times to serve as the most convincing proof of how one
nation in face of a danger of its extinction, woke up."
Milan Nedic expressed "full gratitude to the organizers and believes
that
the exhibition will have a great educational effect, because it
obviously
showed in a systematic manner the work of the enemy of the state and
nation."
A lot of time has passed since the described events in Serbia, but
antisemitism in Serbia is not dying out just like a vampire. The Serbian
diocese in West Germany published in that country in 1985, a book in
Serbian with the Serbian cyrillic letters, by the then deceased bishop
Nikolaj Velimirovic, which was supposedly written in 1945 in the
concentration camp of Dachau, that being totally untrue - but that
represents another subject. The book is full of preachings to the
Serbian
Orthodox people that go like this: "Europe is today the main
battleground
of the Jews and the father of the Jewish devil. This Europe doesn't know
and in this is the dark tragedy of her nations. Europeans, christened
and
baptized in peace, totally surrendered to the Jews, they think with
Jewish
head, they receive Jewish programs, they accept Jewish lies as truth,
they
walk on a Jewish path and they serve Jewish goals." There was no
reaction
from any side. And in 1991, the Serbian Orthodox church organized a
spectacular return to Serbia of the bones of this ideologist of
antisemitism. The newspaper of the Serbian Orthodox church
"Pravoslavlje"
(Orthodoxy) published on January 1992 an article from its correspondent
from Israel "Jews are crucifying Jesus" with claims like this: "Many
Israelis are sick with hate against Christians. Among ordinary people
this
hate is open. The politicians are sneaky, they work concealed," etc.
etc...After two weeks the Holy Synod stated that the text "appeared
antisemitic, things are easily reported" but at the same time claimed:
"The phenomenon of antisemitism and anti-Jewishness is totally foreign
to
the tradition and history of the Serbian Orthodox church." In February
1992, Belgrade's "Borba" reported that "at the entrance to the
Jewish cemetery appeared a sign 'Death to Jews' and 'Jewish c....', but
the incident was concealed." The newsagency "Tanjug" reported after
several days that "the Jewish lobby arranged the diplomatic recognition
of
Croatia and Slovenia by Russia." One on the Seselj's dukes stated in
Subotica that all property of Jews (and Croats) should be confiscated.
In
August 1993, the president of the Jewish community in Belgrade, made a
comment about the relations with the Serbian Orthodox church that she
"still preaches deicide and is still nitted with antisemitism." Two
months
ago it was reported in an Israeli newspaper that "one member of the
Serbian parliament accused the Jews of stabbing Serbia in the back with
a
knife."
It seems that a newspaperman from "Borba" was right when he concluded
his
article with the following words: "The deceptions by propaganda about
the
lack of antisemitism in Serbia do not line up with reality: Antisemitism
has always existed in Serbia."
Yes, history is not repeating itself in Serbia, history continues with
its
unbroken continuity...
The same as the statements from some Serbian intellectuals that only
"propagandistic lies claim that Serbs liquidated Jews during the Second
World War and that there was before the war and still today antisemitism
in Serbia!" The above is stated by Serb Dr. Ljubo Tadic, professor on
the
Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade, and by professor Dr. Andrija Gamsa of
the Faculty of Law, who is saddly - a Serbian Jew.
Barry Marjanovich
Barry Marjanovich
>
> http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
> ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> "Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
> intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
> way."
>
> Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
> and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
> to the Servian nation.
> sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
THE LAST NEST OF NAZIS IN EUROPE
by Eric Margolis
12 Dec 1996
The days of Serb strongman Slobodan Milosevic, who began the
Third Balkan War and fathered ethnic cleansing, may be
numbered.
Vast protests against the Milosevic dictatorship continue to
grow in Belgrade, while his former foreign allies - the US,
Britain and Greece - are distancing themselves. The
regime's bulwark, Serbia's Army and secret police, have
reportedly split on continued support of Milosevic. He could
end up a second Ceausescu.
Milosevic's eventual fall would be a boon for long-
suffering Serbs, and the entire Balkans. A Serb protestor's
placard, with pictures of Milosevic, Saddam, and Castro -
entitled `Three of a Kind' - captured the moment nicely.
While it's always tempting to personify a region's complex
problems in one diabolic figure, being rid of Milosevic
won't end a primary cause of enormous suffering and death in
the Balkans this century: the Serb nazi movement.
Wartime Nazi movements in Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary and
Romania have been amply studied. Serbia's home-grown brand
of WWII nazism has not been - for three reasons. First, it hid
under the mantle of slav nationalism. Because Serb nazis were
anti-German, they were exempt from censure. Second,
Serbia was a close, useful ally of Britain, France and Russia.
Third, Serb nazism has always been amorphous, concealed in the
shadows, and linguistically unintelligible to outsiders.
Serb slav nazism began around 1900 and flourished in the
1920's after the creation of unstable, multi-ethnic
Yugoslavia. Numerous influential Serb writers and academics,
notably Vaso Cubrilovic and Radivoje Pesic, proclaimed Serbs
racial supermen, and Serbia the true cradle of western
civilization. .
Serb nazis urged ethnic cleansing of all `racially inferior'
Hungarians, Croats, Jews, Albanians, Catholics and Muslims
from a purified Greater Serbia, stretching from Italy to the
Aegean. Some elements of the Serb Orthodox Church eagerly
cooperated - and still do - with these ideas.
Mother Teresa, an Albanian from southern Yugoslavia, ended
up in Calcutta because her family was driven from its home
by Serb nazis in the 192O's during a campaign of ethnic
cleansing. Back then, as now, Serb nazis warned of the
fertility of non-Serb women, and called for the mass
expulsion, extermination or sterilization of `racial
inferiors.'
The Serb slavo-nazi, Cubrilovic, wrote, `If Germany could
deport tens of thousands of Jews, the expulsion of a few
hundreds of thousands of Albanians would not lead to a
world war.' Interestingly, his remark mirrors Hitler's
observation that since the world ignored the genocide of
Armenians during World War I, it would react similarly to
his planned extermination of Jews.
Milosevic rekindled Serb nazism after Tito had suppressed it
for two decades. Serb paramilitary gangsters, like Arkan
and Seselj, who spearheaded ethnic cleansing and mass
murder, are direct descendants of Hitler's brownshirt
thugs. The Serb army - shades of the SS- was ordered to
ethnically cleanse Bosnia of `Muslim filth' on a `sacred
historic mission for the Motherland.'
Serb nazis now denounce Milosevic for failing to accomplish
this goal. A significant part of the opposition is made up of
nazis, or rightwing extremists. Unless ripped out by the roots,
nazism may continue its grip on Serbia.
Nazism and fascism were thoroughly excised from Germany,
Italy and Japan. It's time to do the same in Serbia to the
last nest of nazis in Europe. Hopefully, democratic Serbs -
-Serbia's forgotten majority - will accomplish this long-overdue task.
They will need a great deal of active support from
Europe -particularly when Britain and Greece finally halt
their shameful support of Serb extremists.
Canada's demands this week that capture and prosecution of
Bosnian Serb war criminals be vigorously pursued - by
force, if necessary - are overdue and welcome. Canada is
right to show zero tolerance to nazis like Karadzic and
Mladic. You don't fight nazism by trying 85 year-old men,
You do it by arresting and prosecuting today's reincarnated
nazis in the Balkans.
Barry Marjanovich
> http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
> ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> "Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
> intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
> way."
>
> Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
> and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
> to the Servian nation.
> sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
Servians Hide Their Nazi Past
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
The Calgary Sun, Feb. 22, 1993:
Wartime Whitewash
by Paul Jackson
Sitting in the Ban Cafe in Zagreb, Jakov Sedlar looked at me and said,
"I
simply had to get a female voice for the narration. No man could ever
tell
the story with the quiet sympathy demanded."
Sedlar, artistic director of the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb,
was
telling me about his 20-minute documentary THE UNTOLD HOLOCAUST, and how
he
persuaded Sally Kellerman - known internationally for her portrayal of
Major "Hot Lips" Houlihan in the movie version of M*A*S*H - to talk
about
death rather than joy.
THE UNTOLD HOLOCAUST tells the story of Serbia's wartime genocide
against
its Jewish population between 1941 and 1945. I'd been pointed in its
direction by Zlatan Gleb, of the Zagreb Jewish Community Centre.
Wartime Croatia, then governed by the pro-Nazi administration has been
condemned for decades for its treatment of the Jews. Yet, said Gleb,
Serbia's treatment of its Jewish population was even worse. But, until
Sedlar came along, Serbia had managed to conveniently whitewash its own
anti-Semitic past.
Sedlar is a remarkable man. Urbane and articulate, he's driven not just
by
artistic endeavour, but by a search for truth.
"I fully admit Croatia's record during the Second World War was not one
of
merit, but while accepting this, I also believe that fault on all sides
needs to be exposed in the name of justice and history."
With the coming to Croatia of democracy and freedom from Serb-dominated
Communist Yugoslavia, Sedlar was able to produce his harrowing
documentary
about the untold holocaust - the destruction of the Jewish community in
wartime Serbia under the Nazi-collaborationist government of Serbian
General Milan Nedic.
Kellerman's captivating voice eerily dominates the film - her tone can
best
be described as that of a gentle sadness. It's a haunting film, for
sure.
The movie carefully details Serbia's anti-Semitic campaign: Jews were
not
allowed to own a radio or even use a telephone. They couldn't visit the
theatre or cinema. That was just the beginning. As the war progressed,
Serbian police rounded up Jews for delivery to Nazi extermination camps.
For every captured Jew, Serbian police received a cash bounty. Belgrade
was
actually the first city in Europe to be declared JUDENFREI - free of
Jews.
Nedic's government passed a law declaring all Jewish property was now
the
property of Serbs.
The footage in THE UNTOLD HOLOCAUST is graphic, and so well documented
it's
hard to understand how this ugly secret could be hidden for so long.
Kellerman provides the reason, "The answer is the oldest one of all,"
she
says, "the victors write the history."
When Josip Tito's Serb-dominated Communists took over power at the end
of
the war it was convenient for them to cast Croatia as the fascist state
and
whitewash Serbia of its own Nazi past.
Not only Croatian patriots such as Sedlar are now speaking out. Dr.
Philip
J. Cohen, a prominent Maryland doctor and historian, recently complained
to
ABC News about its one-sided coverage.
"As a Jew," he wrote, "I detest Ustasha and I detest its memory.
However
to brand the Croatian people with the Ustasha label is an unjustified
oversimplification."
Cohen says while Croatia's infamous concentration camp at Jasenovac is
often cited in the media, Serbia's equally infamous death camps at
Jabuka,
Sajmiste and Jajinci have until now been conveniently forgotten.
It's time, insists Cohen, to recognize that Serbia, today so intent on
the
genocide of the Muslim population of Bosnia-Herzegovina, participated
"zealously" in the European holocaust of the Jews.
For himself, Zlatan Gelb told me that under the democratically elected
government, Croatia's Jewish population is today "protected like a bear
in
winter."
Gleb, ironically, wrote his masters' of science thesis in communications
by
comparing TV coverage of the Calgary and Sarajevo Olympics.
THE UNTOLD HOLOCAUST is a tragic film, but one that should force more
people to face up to hidden demons.
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
Barry Marjanovich
> http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
> ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> "Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
> intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
> way."
>
> Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
> and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
> to the Servian nation.
> sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
"Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
way."
Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
to the Servian nation.
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
The story of the Servian sacrifice and Golgotha should be in every
elementary history book. That was the price the Servs were ready to
pay.(Excerpt from The Theft of the Servs' Only Treasure by Petar
Makara. July 5, 2001)
SERVIAN ACTION A:
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
CROATIAN REACTION:
http://www.kakarigi.net/croatia/news/dossier/eng/index.html
SERVIAN ACTION B:
http://www.kakarigi.net/croatia/news/dossier/eng/predaja1.html
A Servian terrorist makes a confession:
"To understand the Servs is to understand our sense of pride; it is to
understand why we the Servs celebrate June 28, St. Vitus Day, the day
of the Kosovo Battle of 1389. We are a sick people who celebrate a day
of our defeat."
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
servsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssservs
"If we Servs cannot work, we can surely fight."
Slobo Milosevic (also known as Satan SLOBo), at his 1989 inauguration
as president, timed to coincide with the 600th anniversary of the
Battle of Kosovo Polje, in which the Turks overran the Servs.
servssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssservs
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
Current President Of Serbia Is An Indicted War Criminal Milan
Milutinovic
http://www.interpol.int/Public/Wanted/Notices/Data/1999/12/1999_29612.asp
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.hbk.hr/crkve/eindex.html
http://www.math.hr/links/war.html
http://www.vidovic.org/augustin/pages/docs/vukovar/vukovar97.html
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/warcriminals.html
http://www.hic.hr/books/greatserbia/index.htm
http://www.hic.hr/books/creation/index.htm
http://abcnews.go.com/reference/bios/milosevic.html
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/history/supvii.html
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/milos.html
http://www.interpol.int/Public/Wanted/Notices/Data/1999/17/1999_29617.asp
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1134000/1134969.stm
http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
http://mprofaca.cro.net/mainmenu.html
http://ds.dial.pipex.com/srebrenica.justice
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> ORDINARY SERVS KILLED 250,000 PEOPLE! <
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/warcriminals.html
http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/kosovo/index.htm
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
BBC
Friday, 6 October, 2000
Kostunica: "I won't hand over Milosevic"
"I am the president"
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/milos.html
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
Excerpts:
The Guardian
Special report: Serbia
Martin Woollacott
Friday September 29, 2000
Vojislav Kostunica does not differ much from
Milosevic on Serbia's right to Kosovo; on
the status of the Bosnian Serb entity,
Republika Srpska; or on the desirability of
Montenegro staying with Serbia.
In choosing Kostunica in such large
numbers, it may be said that the Serbians
have voted for a clean Milosevic. They
voted for a man who has never said that
Serbia's objectives in the wars of the last
10 years were wrong; who denies the
authority of the International War Crimes
Tribunal in The Hague; who considers
Nato intervention an outrage: and who
insists that Serbia will not be a vassal
state of the west.
http://www.alb-net.com/index.htm
http://www.alb-net.com/warcrimes-img/warcrimes.htm
http://www.alb-net.com/cleansing.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni2.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni3.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni4.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni00.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni00a.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni00b.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni01.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni01a.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni01b.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/banovina/osumnjic-ban.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/banovina/osumnjic-ban01.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/banovina/osumnjic-ban02.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/020806/170/1zjr7.html
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://home.swipnet.se/woodhead/facts.htm
http://home.swipnet.se/woodhead/video.htm
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/warcriminals.html
http://www.observer.co.uk/review/story/0,6903,587112,00.html
http://www.richmondreview.co.uk/books/unfinesthour.html
http://www.cercles.com/review/r2/simms.html
http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/books/reviews/story.jsp?story=104621
http://www.ahram.org.eg/weekly/2002/611/in4.htm
http://ds.dial.pipex.com/srebrenica.justice
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/20000621/novosti3.htm
"Molim Vas, nemojte nas vise spasavati!"
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.hkz.hr/Hrvatsko_slovo/2001/317/t26.htm
S.Benedikt
reality during and after the WW II.
Germans were not in Croatia during WW II???
For most part During the WWII I used to live with my parents in Henzlova
near sajmiste in Zagreb. On the other side of the street near the Leather
Factory were German Army barracks. We had German music and announcements
preceding with Achtung, Achtung blaring all day. My mother was arrested by
German Gestapo and sent to Jasenovac after some German officers were
killed - for that crime 8 other Croats were shot.
There was a railway near which we kids used to play soccer - we didn't have
proper ball so we made one from old soaks (kerpenjaca). One day there was a
long train that stopped for some reason and we were curios to see who was in
the wagons full of people bagging for water - who were they??. There were
German solders everywhere.
Does anyone remember on Sajmiste when partisans blue up German fuel takers
just as they were crossing Henzlova street? The scorching hit burnt my
hair - there were German solders everywhere.
When I was with my grand parents in Zagorje near Trakoscan one day came
Ustasis visiting the village dressed in Partisan Uniforms and following them
there were German solders taking away anyone helping the Ustasies in
Partisan Uniforms. Then there came real partisans - they used to set up
there radio in my grandparents cellar - one day there was a young partisan
officer by the name of Franjo (Tudjman) setting up partisan post in my
grandparents celler and an observation post in the klet on top of the hill.
They were fighting on one side Domobrans on Slovenian border and down in the
valley there were German troops.
There were interesting time.
Once on the way to my grandparents place in Zagorje German solders stopped
our train and took of many people who later we were told were shot.
Towards Zapersic there was a chapel or a small house which was set on fire
by German Solders and Ustasis with some people inside burnt to death.
I never found why and who???
And you say there were no Germans solders in Croatia????
We must admit the truth and stop killing it be it fascism or communism our
history was a tragic Journey we mustn't forget.
Stjepan
"ljiljak" <dragana...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:arpob5$kbecs$1...@ID-150289.news.dfncis.de...
++
Thanks for writing your reminisences. Every bit of truth helps the
cause of peace.
Galina
ljiljak
others (journalist, quazi-historicians, politicians...) to spread these
lies. We have lost because we didn`t have knowledge nor will to lie.
Somehow, we believed that things will came in to the right place, and that
the justice will win. Unfortunatelly, that`s not how the things work in this
world.
"Barry Marjanovich" <bmarja...@iprimus.ca> wrote in message
news:5829723d822d68499ac...@mygate.mailgate.org...
> "ljiljak" <dragana...@yahoo.com> served:
>
> > http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
> > ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> > "Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
> > intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
> > way."
> >
> > Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
> > and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
> > to the Servian nation.
(...)
ljiljak
almoust, in compare to their number in Bosnia and Serbia, was`t there. And
frankly, until now I didn`t knew that they was in Zagorje. I don`t say I
don`t believe, its just a new information to me.
"S.Benedikt" <benedik...@hotkey.net.au> wrote in message
news:3de0e...@news.iprimus.com.au...
> Often we get here aspiring historians trying to change the memory of our
own
> reality during and after the WW II.
> Germans were not in Croatia during WW II???
> For most part During the WWII I used to live with my parents in Henzlova
> near sajmiste in Zagreb. On the other side of the street near the Leather
> Stjepan
(...)
Robert Jerin
> The only true fact is that you have wone last war by lying, and paying
> others (journalist, quazi-historicians, politicians...) to spread these
> lies. We have lost because we didn`t have knowledge nor will to lie.
> Somehow, we believed that things will came in to the right place, and that
he, hee funny but don't give up your day job! Shock therapy was not enough
for Serbia?
Wiktor
Hi All South Cousins!
I have found by chance your interesting thread. For a long time I am
observing with great concern the events in your countries. As many
people in Poland I have in my heart large amount of sympathy for people
of Yugoslavia. Near house of my childhood in Warsaw was for a long time
the "Square of Youth Yugoslavians" to memorize brigades of young
uniformed soldier-like units heliping removing ruins of Warsaw left by
Germans whose troops destryed 80% of Warsaw buildings during last time
of occupation in 1944/45.
I remember when I was a teenager in Autumn 1956 during Budapest uprising
and anti-communist great movement here, in Poland, when states all over
the world turned his back to us, we got mental support from Tito's
Yugoslavia only. I still remember demos on the streets of Warsaw
chanting: "Poland - Hungary - Yugoslavia!" that times.
For following decade, as a member of Polish Sport Shooting team, I
visited several times Slovenia, Croatia, Makedonia where we met several
fantastic people. Until now I have on my heart still now not reversed
debt I personally have for Serbs: when once being in finansial troubles
in Beograd we asked office of Serbs Shooting Union for help, they paied
our bills saying very polite us that was honor for them to help a team
of Warsaw.
Looking from a distance we had not differentiated between peples of
different countries consisting Yugoslavia. I am seriously sorry becouse
of current events.
Having no source materials on the events around you, understanding what
has happend in your countries is very difficult for me. Frankly speaking
I am basing mostly on two brilliant moving pictures "The Underground"
and "No mens land", that formend my mind on the events. I believe that
all that is like a quarrel in family, and I strongly believe you all
will recover in future with even greater mental power of your nations
then you had before.
Wishing you and your families all the best
Wiktor
ljiljak
smile. And yes, that was enough, so why don`t you live us alone. You wish to
leave Yugoslavia, why are you constantly coming back?
"Robert Jerin" <rje...@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:%5hE9.1769$kO5.1...@news1.news.adelphia.net...
ljiljak
situation on Balkan, allow me to present you some facts that you might find
interesting.
First, movies that you saw, was made in Yugoslavia and Bosnia. Croatians
doesn`t have not a single one anti-war movie. That`s all propaganda movies.
If you ask Croatians (not directors, or actors, but common people) they
would say that they don`t like their movies about war. That`s because that
movies are full of hatred and xenophobia.
"Quarrel in family" started when two "members" of family (Slovenia and
Croatia) decided to left family and took Serbian land in Krajina with them.
We didn`t started it. Similar to Russian situation, many Serbian has left
outside their own country.
Or course, at this time, Croatia and Slovenia are almost "Serbian-free"
countries. On the other side, in Serbia and Yugoslavia for the whole time of
war, until this day, there is lot of Croats, Slovenians, Muslims and all
other nationalities. I live in Belgrade. In a population of less then
2.000.000, we have almost 150.000 Albanians in this city. My best girlfriend
neighbor is a Croatian. In our building there is two more apartment with
Croats and two with Slovenians (out of 27 apartments). They all live in
peace among us, and no one ever touch them.
Some of the Serbian refugees who has went back to live in Croatia you can`t
ask how they feel there - they were killed. Other are beaten and verbally
scared. Most of refugees from Croatia will never go back there, cause they
are too terrified.
From the popular music side - for the whole time of war, in Belgrade and
Serbia you could hear Croatian music on radio and TV stations. I was a DJ in
one discotheque back in 91. and 92. and I know it well. In Croatia you
couldn`t hear Serbian music. Only on these days, some radio stations dare to
broadcast some of Serbian bands. Serbian music you can only hear on private
parties, and you can buy cd`s only on black market. Similar thing is with
the rock concerts - Croatian singers never had any problem to make concerts
in Yugoslavia. The only problem they (still) have is how to explain that to
Croatian audience. For our singers now it`s somewhat better situation than
it was before. That means that they are allowed to make concerts (rarely),
but if the government decide otherwise, they wont be allowed to enter
Croatia.
Which reminded me - Croatians doesn`t need visa to enter Yugoslavia, but
Yugoslavians still can`t visit Croatia without that paper.
Also, by Croatian and Slovenian constitution, Croats (Slovenians) are the
main nationality in their countries. Yugoslavia is (still) by Constitution,
country made of nationalities which are living there. That means that, once
you get Yugoslavian citizenship, it doesn`t mean who are you, where you came
from, what color is your skin or what God do you pray. Something very
similar like they have in America. We don`t officially celebrate religious
events, to avoid to offend Catholics, Muslims or others.
One more thing that might show Croatian characteristics - that is the only
Former Yugoslavian country that has unsolved borderlines situation with
their neighbors. With Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Montenegro. Croatia claim
that each of their neighbors has part of Croatia. They are never satisfied.
I`ve noticed that you haven`t visited soc.culture.yugoslavia? Well, go
there, you`ll see lot of Croatian letters full of hate. Why do they do that?
Haven`t they have enough of that? They wanted to leave Yugoslavia. Now they
are left, but they kept coming back.
I hope that this post made you think about quarrel in "the family". They are
mean, men. They love to hate.
Now I remembered - in the late `80s, a meat a group of Polish tourist in
Prague. We hang out together for the whole day on the streets of Prague. At
the end, they told me how they admire Yugoslavia, and how we are free,
western country for them.
Yes, my friend, we were the great country.
"Wiktor" <wi...@mail.com> wrote in message news:3DE1EDC7...@mail.com...
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
I. GENOCIDE
001 CROATIA - GORNJI ZEMUNIK - ZADAR DISTRICT - December 2,
1992.
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced expulsion of the local
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 2, 1992; Gornji Zemunik, near Zadar.
UNPA zone "South", "Pink Zone".
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb paramilitaries "ethnically
cleansed" the village of Gornji Zemunik evicting the last six
Croats residing in the village with the help of the UNPROFOR.
From 1991 until December 2, 1992, Serbs evicted all Croats from
Gornji Zemunik. According to the 1991 census, the population of
Gornji Zemunik was 1,310, of which 468 were Croats, 815 Serbs, 1
Greek and 26 people of other nationalities. During 1991 and 1992,
the Croats in the village were held hostage, not allowed to move
about freely (only within the confines of their homes and yards).
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs from Gornji Zemunik with the help of
Serbs from nearby villages as well as members of the UNPROFOR who
were deployed in the area at the time.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - DONJI LADjEVAC - SLUNJ DISTRICT - June 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of a civilian.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 1992; Donji Ladjevac (cca 6 kilometres
east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A resident of the village of Donji
Ladjevac, Dane Bogovic, a Croat, was killed. The region is under
the protection of the UNPROFOR (Polish battalion), who are
failing to protect the civilian population.
PERPETRATORS: Mile Pasic, a Serb.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - DONJI LADjEVAC - March 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of a civilian.
TIME AND LOCATION: March 1993; Donji Ladjevac (6 kilometres east
of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Pavo Samardzija, a Croat, was killed
while sawing wood. He was killed by two armed Serbs after they
interrogated and physically abused him. The region is under the
protection of the UNPROFOR. The Polish battalion does not patrol
villages inhabited by Croats. The Croats are often mistreated by
the armed Serbs in these villages.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - BERAK - VUKOVAR DISTRICT - April 5, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: April 5, 1991; village of Berak, near Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbian villagers of Berak put up
barricades, and injured the witness, who was taken to the
hospital in Vukovar.
PERPETRATORS: Knezevic (son of Dragan Knezevic, an employee at
the Vukovar hospital) and Zeljko Grubisic.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - BERAK - VUKOVAR DISTRICT - September 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 1, 1991; village of Berak, near
Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") from
Banovci, Orolik, Laz and Negoslavci surrounded and attacked the
village of Berak. Jozo Mrkonjic was the first to escape and went
to Djeletovci to seek help from the Croatian National Guard. Two
Croatian soldiers were severely wounded.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitary units ("Chetniks") and Serbs
from Berak.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - DALJ - November 20, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Wilful killing of an imprisoned
civilian.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 20, 1991, Dalj (eastern Croatia),
near the sign "Village of Dalj".
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Veso Proşa, a Serb from Vukovar, and a
resident from Belgrade fired at an imprisoned Croatian civilian
near the cyrillic sign "Dalj" at the entrance to the village. The
imprisoned Croat survived the execution, and was taken to a
private prison in Dalj, along with a Croat whose nickname is
"Pşenica" ("Wheat"), and Duşan Duşanoviş, Serb by nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Veso Proşa (Serb from Vukovar), and a Belgrade
resident.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
004 CROATIA - VILLAGE OF DONJI LADjEVAC - SLUNJ DISTRICT - 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Looting of civilian property,
destruction of civilian residential buildings.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1992, the village of Donji Laşevac (6
kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Before the war there were 100 Croatian
houses in the village of Donji Laşevac. During 1992, Serbs set on
fire some 30 family houses. The entire area was under the
protection of UNPROFOR (Polish Battalion). The armed Serbs looted
civilian property (livestock, wheat, money) on a daily basis.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb irregulars.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
005 CROATIA - PAKRAC - February 18, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 18, 1993, near the hospital in
Pakrac, UNPA zone West.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Two Croatian civilians, Robert
Ivankoviş and Petar Srişa were killed near the hospital in
Pakrac, while returning home by a tractor. They were ambushed and
shot from automatic rifles. The entire region is under the
UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs from UNPA zone West.
EVIDENCE: A newspaper article published in "Veşernji list" daily
from August 11, 1993, p. 7. Document currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
006 CROATIA - PAKRAC - April 12, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Looting of civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: April 12, 1993, the village of Dragoviş (west
of Pakrac, 400 metres from an UNPROFOR checkpoint.)
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Five armed Serbs in irregular militia
uniforms ("SAO Krajina Militia"), stopped a Croatian family in
the village of Dragoviş, some 400 metres from an UNPROFOR
checkpoint. They forcibly took away their money, valuables, and a
vehicle. The vehicle was found later. The captured family was
released with the assistance of two UNPROFOR and local police
patrols who passed near the place of the incident.
PERPETRATORS: Five armed members of the irregular militia ("SAO
Krajina Militia").
EVIDENCE: A newspaper article entitled "Crimes Committed on the
Protected Road" published in the "Veşernji list" daily from
August 11, 1993, p. 7. Document currently kept in the archives of
the Department.
007 CROATIA - PAKRAC - May 4, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment and killing.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 4, 1993, Pakrac (UNPA zone West).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Two civilians of Croatian nationality,
Stjepan Picek and Nenad Marjanoviş, were arrested and taken in an
unknown direction by armed Serbs while they were working in the
Pakrac vineyards on May 4, 1993. After approximately two months,
Serbs delivered the mutilated body of Nenad Marjanoviş. Stjepan
Picek is still imprisoned. The entire area is under UNPROFOR
control.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb irregulars from UNPA zone West.
EVIDENCE: A newspaper article published in "Veşernji list" from
August 11, 1993, p.7. Document currently kept in the archives of
the Department.
008 B-H - PRIJEDOR - June/July 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Employment of measures of
intimidation and terror.
TIME AND LOCATION: June/July 1992; Prijedor.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Groups of armed Serbs from Prijedor
drove through the town, singing songs honouring Draza Mihajlovic
(the Chetnik leader in World War II). They called on Serbs to
join them in the killing of Muslims and Croats. Everyday Serbs
would fire automatic rifles towards Muslim and Croatian houses.
"They said to our neighbour Stevo: Stevo, Stevo, you are a bad
Serb. Kill your neighbours. Don't let "Ustashas" live. If you
don't, we will. Then they fired onto our house. We had to lie on
the floor to save ourselves."
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs from Prijedor.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
009 B-H - GORNJA RAVSKA NEAR LJUBIJA - May 28-29, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced enlistment into enemy
paramilitary forces.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 28-29, 1992; Gornja Ravska, near Ljubija
(northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Several days after Ljubija was
occupied by Serbian forces, a group of locals who joined the
paramilitaries wanted all of the Croats from the village of
Gornja Ravska to be placed under the control of the self-
proclaimed Serbian authorities in Ljubija, and have them join the
Serbian paramilitary forces. Drago Petrovic and several other
locals opposed this suggestion.
PERPETRATORS: Ivica "Jurika" Juric, Ivica Solaja, Zdravko Solaja
and Drago Cavlovic.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
011 B-H - POTOCI - MOSTAR DISTRICT - May 27, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment of civilians to a
concentration camp.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 27, 1992; Potoci (9 kilometres north of
Mostar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA soldiers arrested 15 Croat
civilians from Potoci. They were taken to a stadium in Vrapcişi.
There were other captured civilians in the locker rooms. On June
5, 1992, the Yugoslav Peoples' Army (YPA) had 43 prisoners taken
to a concentration camp in Bileca. On June 25, 1992, the YPA
released 43 prisoners from Bileca in exchange for the bodies of
three YPA soldiers.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
012 SERBIA - BEGEJCI - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Imprisonment of civilians,
internment to the Begejci camp near Zrenjanin.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991, Begejci near Zrenjanin.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA members brought civilians with
their hands bound to the Begejci camp on a regular basis. They
battered men, as well as two women from the villages of Tovarnik
and Sotin. The civilian prisoners slept on the concrete. They
lacked food. The YPA soldiers took women out by night. The women
refused to tell what happened.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
III. WAR CRIMES AGAINST THE WOUNDED AND THE ILL
001 SERBIA - BUBANJ POTOK NEAR BELGRADE - end of September 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of an ill prisoner.
TIME AND LOCATION: End of September 1991, the barracks in Bubanj
Potok near Belgrade.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The imprisoned civilians were
transferred from Bogdanovci to Bubanj Potok army barracks, which
served as a Martiş special unit training ground. The prisoners
were physically maltreated. Each of them was hit 100 to 200
times. An imprisoned forester from Dilj was killed. He was an
epileptic.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 19, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killings of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 19, 1991, Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbian paramilitary units (Chetniks)
dragged Croatian civilian residents of Vukovar out of their
basements and brought them in the "Pekara" (Bakery), where they
killed them by knives and burned them in a baker's oven. Vlado
Kovaşeviş (of a Serb nationality) was spotted among the
perpetrators, wearing the uniform of the Chetnik voivoda (a
Chetnik officer).
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitary units (Chetniks), Vlado
Kovaşeviş (a Chetnik voivoda).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
002 B-H - PRIJEDOR - June 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment of
captured civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 1992; "Keraterm" concentration camp (in
Prijedor's east side).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The witness' neighbour Stevo, a Serb
by nationality, was a guard at "Keraterm". He stated: "We give
internees only water for six days, and on the seventh day we give
them 1/4 kg of bread. Then we splash water on their mouths, nose
and ears and they start to walk like drunken chickens. They live
for a few more days and then die, so we don't have to waste
bullets on them. They are dogs and they deserve it. Why weren't
they born Serbians, then they would be able to live." An elderly
man tried to get food to his three sons in the camp, but two
Serbian soldiers beat him and mutilated his body. Every night
moaning was heard from the camp, as the torture of internees was
frequent. The night they killed Drago Tokmadzic, a former
policeman from Ljubija, he was accused of helping the "Ustashas"
because he was a Croat. The witness' neighbour Stevo boasted how
they tortured him the whole night. Horrible screams were heard
that night. Often blood was seen trickling down the street from
the direction of the camp, especially towards the end of July,
1992. The guards in the camp were Serbs from Prijedor and the
surrounding villages.
PERPETRATORS: A Serb named Stevo and other Serbs who were guards
at the "Keraterm" concentration camp as well as their commanders.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
003 B-H - PRIJEDOR - June/July 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: June/July, 1992; "Keraterm" concentration
camp.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbs took frequently tortured
internees in the "Keraterm" camp to a place called "Bajer". This
is a place where clay was dug up for the local brick factory near
"Keraterm". Today, "Bajer" contains a mass grave. Internees who
died during interrogations and torture were also buried there.
Serbs buried the bodies under the rubble of the Prijedor old
town.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs from Prijedor.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
004 B-H PRIJEDOR - May 29, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 29, 1992, the Omarska concentration camp
near Prijedor.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In the Omarska concentration camp, the
civilian prisoners were killed in the so-called "White House" in
various manners (by metal rods, hammers, knives...) The civilian
R. R. (born 1957) was killed by four Serbian camp guards who tied
him up to a tractor tyre and set him on fire.
PERPETRATORS: Serb villagers of Omarska, who worked as camp
guards. Uroş, a retailer, Mişo Jurişiş nicknamed "Prşeni"
("Fried"), Kesor Savan, a taxi driver, and a man whose last name
is Paspal.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
005 SERBIA - SREMSKA MITROVICA - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Maltreatment of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991, Sremska Mitrovica prison
(Serbia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA members took the captured Croatian
soldiers from Vukovar to the Sremska Mitrovica civilian prison
where they strip-searched and battered them. 180 prisoners were
locked up in the room with 80 beds. They were battered by
military policemen, military officers, and even bus drivers.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers, YPA military policemen, and bus
drivers of Serb nationality.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 CROATIA - VILLAGE OF DONJI LADjEVAC - June 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of a Catholic church.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 1992, the village of Donji Laşevac (6
kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church in the village of
Donji Laşevac was mined and destroyed.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb irregulars.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
002 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 1992, Bosanska Dubica.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic parish church, built in
1925, was mined and destroyed in July 1992. The region was not
part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
003 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 1992, Bosanska Kostajnica.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic parish church renovated
in 1976, burnt down in July 1992. The region is not a part of the
immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
004 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 1992, Kulaşi.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic parish church, built in
1986, was considerably damaged in August 1992, and is still out
of use. The rectory, built in 1987, was looted and damaged on the
same occasion. The region is not a part of the immediate war
zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
005 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: August, 1992, Celinac
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church affiliated to the
Presnaşa parish, built in 1991, was completely destroyed in
August 1992. The region was not a part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp 54-55, in the section entitled "Reagovanje".
Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide"). Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
006 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 1992, Bakinci.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church affiliated to the
Mahovljani parish was destroyed in August 1992. The region was
not a part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
007 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: August - October 1992, Sokoline.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic parish church, built in
1901, was considerably damaged, devastated and put out of use in
the period between August and October of 1992, during which
period the rectory (built in 1981) was considerably damaged and
looted. The region is not a part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
008 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 1991 to August 1992, Maşkovac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church, built in 1980,
and affiliated to the Bosanska Gradişka parish, was destroyed in
the period between December 1991 and August 1992. The region is
not a part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
XI. RACIAL AND OTHER DISCRIMINATION
001 CROATIA - SLUNJ DISTRICT - 1992/1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: National discrimination.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1992/1993, the Slunj district, UNPA zone
North.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In order to evacuate the Slunj
district (UNPA sector), the Croats were forced to sign a document
in the Slunj Red Cross, by which they left all of their
possessions to the Serbian self-proclaimed authorities of the so-
called Republic of Krajina. The region is under UNPROFOR
protection (Polish Battalion). However, they have been prevented
by the Serbian self-proclaimed authorities to protect the
remaining Croatian civilian population in the Slunj district.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian self-proclaimed civilian and paramilitary
authorities.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
002 B-H - IRON ORE MINE "LJUBIJA" - July 1992.
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Desecration of bodies.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 1992, Iron ore mine "Ljubija" (1
kilometre south of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Bodies of the killed civilians were
brought on a regular basis to the strip mines, where they were
soaked in oil and set on fire. After that bulldozers covered them
with dirt, and cobbles. There is a mass grave near the "Tomeks"
plant. A large number of dead bodies were buried there.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs ad Serbian self-proclaimed authorities
in Ljubija.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness, and a photograph
of the mass grave currently kept in the archives of the Department.
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
Nat
> "Quarrel in family" started when two "members" of family (Slovenia > and
Croatia) decided to left family and took Serbian land in
> Krajina with them. We didn`t started it. Similar to Russian
> situation, many Serbian has left outside their own country.
It was not that simple. Remember the Serbian economical embargo towards
Slovenia??
> Or course, at this time, Croatia and Slovenia are almost "Serbian-
> free" countries. On the other side, in Serbia and Yugoslavia for
> the whole time of war, until this day, there is lot of Croats,
> Slovenians, Muslims and all other nationalities. I live in
> Belgrade. In a population of less then 2.000.000, we have almost
> 150.000 Albanians in this city. My best girlfriend neighbor is a
> Croatian. In our building there is two more apartment with Croats
> and two with Slovenians (out of 27 apartments). They all live in
> peace among us, and no one ever touch them.
In my building in Ljubljana, there are 60 % Serbs, Muslims, Croats and one
Albanian family. Other 40% are Slovenians. No one ever touch them. Or maybe
you know better?:))
> Which reminded me - Croatians doesn`t need visa to enter
> Yugoslavia, but Yugoslavians still can`t visit Croatia without that >
paper.
Nonsense. I do not know where you get that information. This year, on
Yugoslavian border, person with whom I have travelled - Croatian citizen,
must get a visa to enter Yugoslavia. Price: on the border - possible only in
the summer time: cca 7 EUR. You have to leave your passport to the
policeman, than you have to go to pay for the visa, than you have to go to
the police, leave a paper that you have paid for the visa, and after that
you have to wait, when they will call you, to give you your passport and the
paper that says that you can enter Yu for 30 days. If you are just
trespassing, the visa is not valid for returning, even if that is in those
30 days. If you are lucky you will wait for about 1,5 - 3 hours on the
border for the visa. If you are not so lucky even longer. In Yu embassy,
visa is much more expensive ( cca 60 EUR) and you have to wait for a few
days.
Do not say that Croatians do not need visas for Yu !!
> Also, by Croatian and Slovenian constitution, Croats (Slovenians)
> are the main nationality in their countries. Yugoslavia is (still) > by
Constitution, country made of nationalities which are living
> there. That means that, once you get Yugoslavian citizenship, it
> doesn`t mean who are you, where you came from, what color is your
> skin or what God do you pray.
Another nonsence!!
Please, first of all you have to read constitutions of that other countries
you are talking about (I am not sure for Croatia, but for Slovenia, I am
sure. If you need a link, just say).
> I hope that this post made you think about quarrel in "the family". > They
are mean, men. They love to hate.
Mean eyes sees mean everywhere.
All facts that are not true, but you are posting them as a true, shows your
disrespect to the other countries, which were once one great country. You
obviosly have no knowledge what are the laws in those other countries and
also you have no idea about visa system in your own country. By pointing
that Croats love to hate, you are the one who is spreading hate here and
trying to show how all Serbs are good and all Croats bad and mean. Childish
and stupid.
Do not fall on that level, please.
> Yes, my friend, we were the great country.
We were great; we were just stupid enough to let it fall apart.
Have a nice day,
Nat
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
I. GENOCIDE
001 CROATIA - VILLAGE OF BRUSKA - BENKOVAC DISTRICT - June 15,
1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced expulsion of local
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 15, 1992; Bruska, near Benkovac. UNPA
zone "South".
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb paramilitary formations
ethnically cleansed the village by forcefully evicting the last
six Croats who lived there. The area was under UNPROFOR
protection at the time. From 1991 until June 16, 1992, the Serbs
expelled all Croats from Bruska. According to the 1991 census,
the village had a population of 373 people, of which 334 were
Croats and 39 Serbs.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb paramilitaries from nearby villages.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - DONJI LADjEVAC - SLUNJ DISTRICT - February 7, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 7, 1993; Donji Ladjevac (cca 6
kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs killed Slavko Klobucar, a
Croat who lived in Donji Ladjevac. The region is under UNPROFOR
protection (Polish battalion), who fail to protect local
civilians. PERPETRATORS: Nikola Vukojevic. The chief of the
police station in occupied Slunj is Ljuban Klipa, a Serb from the
village of Skoric.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - DONJI LADjEVAC - January 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: January 1992; Donji Ladjevac (6 kilometres
east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs killed 9 Croat civilians
(7 men and 2 women), in Donji Ladjevac. The men were killed in a
house that was set on fire. The women were killed in front of the
house. The women are buried in the Catholic cemetery in Slunj,
while the burnt remains of the male victims were never buried.
Seven of these people had the surname Radocaj.
In the village of Furjan, Serbs killed 7 Croat civilians who were
brought to Ladjevci and buried.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs from the surrounding Serb populated
villages.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
005 B-H - PRIJEDOR - May 29, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of an entire Albanian
family.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 29, 1992; Prijedor.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Paspal (a Serb from the village of
Omarska) killed the following Albanians from Prijedor: Inis Isemi
(born 1958), Nesfet Ibrahimi (born 1973), Imer Ibrahimi (born
1945), Sahib Ibrahimi (born 1950), Jasmin Ibrahimi (born 1972)
and Ifrazim Mustafi (born 1957).
Mico Jurisic (Serb, driver from Prijedor) killed Slavko Ecimovic.
PERPETRATORS: Paspal, Serb from Omarska. Mico Jurisic, a driver
from Prijedor.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - BERAK - VUKOVAR DISTRICT - September 4, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 9, 1991; village of Berak, near
Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbs surrounded and attacked the
village of Berak. The civilian population was expelled and sent
towards the village of Djeletovci. Two civilians were injured: a
woman and Josip Valentic.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitary units ("Chetniks") and Serbs
from Berak.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - BOGDANOVCI - VUKOVAR DISTRICT - September 14,
1991.
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment to concentration camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 14, 1991; village of Bogdanovci,
near Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Stipo Jularic, Ivica Hacek and Marijan
Havel were taken captive on the evening of September 14, 1991, in
a meadow near Bogdanovci. They were taken to a Serbian military
court in Negoslavci and then transferred to the Bubanj Potok army
base near Belgrade. They were heavily clubbed and beaten.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers and reservists.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - LOVAS - VUKOVAR DISTRICT - October 10, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 10, 1992; Lovas, near Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA tank division attack, followed by
an infantry attack. 30 civilians were killed. Among those killed
were: Vidak Rizmanic, Ivo Palijan, Josip "Josa" Poljak. Serbs
from Lovas participated in the killings.
PERPETRATORS: YPA, Serbian paramilitaries ("Chetniks") and local
Serbs.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
004 CROATIA - LOVAS - VUKOVAR DISTRICT - October 17, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Collective punishment.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 17, 1991; Lovas, near Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Male civilians, ranging in age from 20
to 80 years, were called to a meeting in a cooperative. They were
beaten the entire night, and forced to sit still in front of
machine guns. Some died from the beatings. The witness was
stabbed twice with a knife.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitary units ("Chetniks") and local
Serbs from Lovas, including Ljuban Devetak, paramilitary
commander and Milan Devcic, police commander.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
005 CROATIA - LOVAS - VUKOVAR - October 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 18, 1991; Lovas, near Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: 60 captured and tortured civilians
were forced to walk across a mine field. Whoever could not walk
was immediately killed. Bosko "Bole" Bogdanac, a Croat, was
killed in this manner. Ivan Kraljevic stepped on a mine. After
the explosion the "Chetniks" ordered all those who survived to
raise their arms, and then they opened fire on them. Among the
"Chetniks" were two local men from Lovas: "Bura" and "Kinez". The
YPA arrived soon after and took the wounded to Sid (in Serbia).
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitaries ("Chetniks"), and two Serbs
from Lovas called "Bura" and "Kinez".
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
006 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of imprisoned civilians
and Croatian Army soldiers.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991; Vukovar - carpentry
workshop in the "Velepromet" building.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb paramilitaries brought civilians
into the "Velepromet" workshop and killed them. Predrag
Petrinjac, Zoran Stankovic and Miki Ikac held one young man (from
Zagreb), and Voivoda (a Chetnik officer) Milan "Capalo" Novkovic
cut him in half with a table saw.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitaries ("Chetniks"): Predrag
Petrinjac, Zoran Stankovic, Miki Ikac and Milan "Capalo"
Novkovic.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
007 CROATIA - BOROVO NASELJE - VUKOVAR DISTRICT - November 17,
1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilian property and
imprisonment of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 17, 1991; Borovo Naselje, "Komerc"
building.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of the YPA set the "Komerc"
building on fire, looted, captured civilians, beat them, and
sentenced them to be executed.
"We were horribly beaten. Our skin pealed from the beatings. They
beat us with everything . . ."
Milan Gojkovic, the president of the Serbian Democratic Party
(SDS), was also wearing a YPA uniform.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers, and Serbs wearing YPA uniforms. Milan
Gojkovic, president of the SDS.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
008 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of suffering and
forcibly taking civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991, Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After beating a victim, Predrag
Petrinjac forcibly took 1,000 DEM, and 40,000 Croatian dinars.
After that, he took the victim's glasses and smashed them under
his foot.
PERPETRATORS: Predrag Petrinjac, an armed Serb from Vukovar.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
009 CROATIA - SLUNJ DISTRICT - 1992/1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Looting and destruction of
civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1992/1993, Slunj county (villages of Donji
Ladjevac, Poljane, Salopek, and Furjan).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: All of the Croatian civilians'
property was looted. Some 30% of Croatian houses were burnt down.
The area is in the UNPROFOR zone (Polish Battalion). The members
of UNPROFOR do not enter the Croatian villages in which the
remaining Croatian residents endure daily maltreatment and
looting of their property.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs from Slunj county.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
010 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 19, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 19, 1991, Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: While civilians were emerging out of
their basements, armed Serbian residents of Vukovar, along with a
paramilitary Serb unit ("Chetniks") were awaiting them outside,
by the "Jugopetrol" gas station (near the Eltz Castle). One
Croatian civilian was taken to the parking lot in front of the
"NAMA" store and shot in the back.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitary forces ("Chetniks"), along
with armed Serbian residents of Vukovar.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
011 CROATIA - MARINCI NEAR VUKOVAR - November 19, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Imprisonment of civilians and
confinement in a privately held prison.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 19, 1991, the village of Marinci,
near Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA members opened fire on a group of
civilians, who were escaping from Vukovar, near the village of
Marinci, even though the YPA soldiers knew they were civilians.
They captured the civilians and took them to a basement in
Marinci. Chetniks came and threatened the civilians with a device
allegedly used to gauge "Ustashas" eyes out.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers, and Serbian paramilitary units
("Chetniks"). The witness recognized the following
paramilitaries: Ksenija Orescanin, Nenad Brkic, Zeljko Lakic, and
Darko Fott, all residents of Vukovar.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
012 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 19, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 19, Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA soldiers tied (crucified) a
civilian called "Cigo" (Croat by nationality) to a railroad car
and fired a mortar at him.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
013 CROATIA - NEGOSLAVCI NEAR VUKOVAR - November 19, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Imprisonment and confinement in a
privately held prison.
TIME AND LOCATION: End of November 1991, the village of
Negoslavci.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs brought many imprisoned
civilian residents of Vukovar to a basement in Negoslavci. They
held them there with their eyes blindfolded and their hands tied
the entire day and night, and severely beat them.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbian paramilitaries ("Chetniks"), and
armed Serb civilians from Vukovar.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
014 B-H - PRIJEDOR - 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Rape and killings.
TIME AND LOCATION: June-August, 1992; Prijedor.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A Serb surnamed Dosen, nicknamed
"Djole" publicly bragged in Prijedor that he raped and
subsequently killed a large number of Muslim and Croatian women
from Prijedor and the surrounding villages.
PERPETRATORS: "Djole" Dosen, Serb from Prijedor.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
015 B-H - PRIJEDOR DISTRICT - June-August 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Looting of civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: June-August, 1992; Prijedor district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Homes and property of Muslims and
Croats, who were expelled, put into camps or killed by the Serbs,
were looted daily. There were many cases where the owners had to
watch as their property was being looted, often forced to
cooperate upon the threat of death. Serbian women from Prijedor
plundered the Muslim village of Cela. Tone Vidakovic, a Croat
from Prijedor, had his entire house and property taken.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs from the Prijedor district.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
016 B-H - GORNJA RAVSKA NEAR LJUBIJA - May 28, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 28, 1992; village of Gornja Ravska, near
Ljubija.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After occupying Ljubija and the
surrounding villages, Serbs from the nearby Serbian villages
(Tisova, Miska Glava) shot at Gornja Ravska, a Croat village, day
and night. The residents of the village were terrified, and slept
in a nearby forest. Serbs wounded a boy named I. B.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs from the villages of Tisova and Miska
Glava.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
017 B-H - GORNJA RAVSKA NEAR LJUBIJA - May 30/31, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment of civilians into a
concentration camp.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 30/31, 1992; Gornja Ravska (4 kilometres
west of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On May 30, 1992, Ivica Solaja and
Slavko Delic came to Gornja Ravska with the intention of taking
away Drago Petrovic. They ordered him to go to the police station
in Ljubija on May 31 for questioning. He went that day and was
interrogated by Stipo Drincic from Ljubija. Petrovic was falsely
charged with dispatching a truckful of weapons, forming an armed
formation and resisting Serb authorities. He was taken from
Ljubija to the "Keraterm" concentration camp that same day.
PERPETRATORS: Ivica "Jurika" Juric, Ivica Solaja, Drago Cavlovic
and Tihomir Butkovic (all from Gornja Ravska) falsely accused
Drago Petrovic. The interrogation was carried out by Stipo
Drincic from Ljubija.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
018 B-H - GORNJA RAVSKA NEAR LJUBIJA - June 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Looting of civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 1992; Gornja Ravska (4 kilometres west of
Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Ivica Solaja, Slavko Delic and Tihomir
Butkovic (father's name Nikola), Croats by nationality, joined
the armed Serbs. They looted houses in Gornja Ravska. They
claimed that they were searching for weapons although they knew
that all weapons (primarily hunting rifles) were handed over to
the Serbs on June 1, 1992. The leader of this group was Ivica
"Jurika" Juric.
PERPETRATORS: Ivica "Jurika" Juric, Ivica Solaja, Slavko Delic
and Tihomir Butkovic (father's name Nikola). All are from Gornja
Ravska.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
019 B-H - GORNJA RAVSKA NEAR LJUBIJA - July 8, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment of civilians to a
concentration camp, killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 8, 1992; the Omarska concentration camp
(30 kilometres west of Banja Luka).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Ivica "Jurika" Juric and Rade
Zekanovic arrested the following Croat civilians in Gornja Ravska
on July 8, 1992: Drago Petrovic (who was previously released from
the "Keraterm" camp), M. S., M. B., M. M. and S. C. They were
taken to Ljubija and from there to the Omarska concentration
camp. Drago Petrovic died after constant torture and beatings on
the 13th or 14th of July, 1992.
PERPETRATORS: Ivica "Jurika" Juric from Gornja Ravska, and Rade
Zekanovic from Ljubija.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
002 B-H - "KERATERM" CONCENTRATION CAMP - PRIJEDOR - May 31,
1992.
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of serious bodily harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 31st to June 11th, 1992, "Keraterm"
concentration camp (former ceramic tiles plant in the eastern
part of Prijedor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Drago Petrovic was brought in the
"Keraterm" concentration camp on May 31st, 1992. He was battered
three nights in a row. He was deprived of any food. One evening
he was stabbed twice by a knife. He was released from the camp on
June 11, 1992. Upon his arrival to the village, he showed his
wounds to the witness.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the Serbian self-proclaimed authorities
who ordered the occupation of Ljubija, and guards in the
"Keraterm" concentration camp.
EVIDENCE: Written statement given by a witness currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 1992, Kijevo.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church affiliated with
the Sanski Most parish was mined and destroyed in September 1992.
The region is not part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
002 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 1992, Kljevci.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church affiliated with
the Sanski Most parish was mined and destroyed in September 1992.
The region is not part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
003 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1992, Mrkonjic Grad.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church built in 1881, and
renovated in 1973, was burnt down in October 1992. The region is
not part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
004 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1992, Catrnja.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic church affiliated with
the Bosanska Gradiska parish, built in 1982, was mined and
destroyed in November 1992. The region is not a part of the
immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
005 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: June - December 1992, Budzak.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Rectory and shrine, built in 1991,
severely damaged nine times between June and December 1992, and
is still out of use. The region is not part of the immediate war
zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
006 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral, cultural
and historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: January - February 1993, Kljuc
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic parish church built in
1895, and renovated in 1970, was burnt down in the period between
January and February of 1993. The region is not part of the
immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Serbs and Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in
the region.
EVIDENCE: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine, published in
Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
XI. RACIAL AND OTHER DISCRIMINATION
001 CROATIA - SLUNJ DISTRICT - 1992/1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: National discrimination.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1992/1993, Slunj. UNPA zone North.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Regardless of the presence of the
UNPROFOR forces (Polish Battalion), the position of the Croatian
civilian residents in the Serb occupied Slunj district
deteriorates daily. The Croats must obtain permits from the
Serbian self-proclaimed authorities if they want to exit their
houses. They live in constant fear, they are not allowed to work
and provide for themselves and their families.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian self-proclaimed authorities in the Slunj
district.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
S.Benedikt
It irks me how some individuals are imbued with so much propaganda hatred
which clouds their reasoning and screws their lives to human bacteria level
that can so easily infect the rest of the world with untruths.
Untruths is like mud - it sticks.
Here in Australia I have a few Serbian friends, mainly Artists and it is the
same - I hear so much rubbish they have learned from Belgrade horse
whisperers that some time makes me question their intellectual sanity.
In Zagreb my sisters daughter married a Serb in 50's and they have
offspring. I have visited them and share correspondence with all of them.
They inform me about the situation in Zagreb re Serbs and quassy Creation
Nationalism and I can assure you it is nothing like the stories that
emanates from Belgrade.
People in general don't care about Nationalism today - they want peace and
economic prosperity.
Stjepan
"Nat" <kavainr...@email.si> wrote in message
news:ybsE9.852$tQ1....@news.siol.net...
Daniel
I'm personally very offended by your statements about Slovenia. You
obviously don't know any facts about Slovenia except one single one that we
left the family. We did not do this in cooperation with Croats or we ever
cooperated with Croats (sometimes I question is it even possible to
cooperate with Croats) we did it alone. We told to all Yugoslav nation to
Yugoslav parliament to everybody that we will do it if something is not
changed but everybody was just laughing at as including Croats. Then in
summer 1991 we left (as Yugoslav constitution allowed us to do so legally)
but we were attacked by Yugoslav army (I was active officer in army then in
hart off Slovenia and don't get me started on how for month army was
preparing it self for that day, bringing troops from south Serbia, training
etc). Attack was short lived and everything was fine, nobody was forced to
leave in fact many families that left came back later without problem. My
neighbor is a single mother with two sons from Belgrade in first days she
send one of her sons to Belgrade in a fear of nationalism but soon after she
realized that is other way around Slovenia is safest place in ex YU for all
nations.
Slovenian people don't hold grouch against anybody anymore except maybe
sometimes against Croatia.
"ljiljak" <dragana...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:artdlc$lq7lb$1...@ID-150289.news.dfncis.de...
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
"Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
way."
Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
to the Servian nation.
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
SERBIA DURING WORLD WAR II
*********************************************************
BY LJUBICA STEFAN
Some important historical facts about Serbia, before and during the Second
World War and up to the present time, are still being intentionally not
disclosed and are being distorted on purpose, not only in that country but
also abroad, where, we believe, this is a result of the lack of knowledge
of the truth, because of the furious over fifty-year long Yugoslav and
Serbian propaganda, which sadly has been very successful.
That's the reason it is necessary to point these facts - briefly or in
more detail - whenever we speak about that dark period which in fact is
only one of the similar events which had occured through the centuries of
Serbia's history.
Orthodox people that go like this: "Europe is today the main battleground
Aleksandar Sarovic
To Daniel,
First I have to tell you Slovenia had (according to the constitution} the
right to secede from Yugoslavia but also such decision was not possible
without the consensus under Yugoslavia, so that the secession was done
against the constitution of Yugoslavia. That was a sort of crime I would
say. Second, Milan Kucan would not dare to secede without support from
Germany. The secession was also a crime according to the Helsinki Convention
which stated no border of any state in Europe shell be changed otherwise
than peacefully through negotiations. Moreover I believe that Germany
initiated everything and the bill will come to Slovenia for it.
--
Aleksandar Sarovic
"Daniel" <dan...@tvd.co.nz> wrote in message
news:artuer$511$1...@lust.ihug.co.nz...
Robert Jerin
> Thank you for your kind post and best wishes. Since you are interested in
> situation on Balkan, allow me to present you some facts that you might
find
> interesting.
>
> First, movies that you saw, was made in Yugoslavia and Bosnia. Croatians
> doesn`t have not a single one anti-war movie. That`s all propaganda
movies.
> If you ask Croatians (not directors, or actors, but common people) they
> would say that they don`t like their movies about war. That`s because that
> movies are full of hatred and xenophobia.
>
> "Quarrel in family" started when two "members" of family (Slovenia and
> Croatia) decided to left family and took Serbian land in Krajina with
them.
> We didn`t started it. Similar to Russian situation, many Serbian has
left
Yes you did "started" it!
INSURGENTS IN CROATIA
In late 1990, Serbian insurgents organized autonomous districts with their
own army and police. During the spring of 1991, armed guerrillas infiltrated
districts in the Serbian populated areas of Croatia. They brought large
quantities of weapons provided by the Serbian police, federal army, and
weapons factories and thrust them upon the Serbian villagers in these areas.
The Yugoslav federal army, led by an officer corps that was eighty percent
Serbian, then entered the rebellious districts under the pretext of
preventing ethnic violence. Long before the Croatians made their final and
irrevocable declaration of independence from Yugoslavia, the "federal" army
had completed the occupation of as much as one quarter of Croatian
territory.
SEIZURE AND DESTRUCTION OF TERRITORY
Serbian and "federal" armed forces entered Serbian-populated areas to
"protect" Serbs and seized vast territories where Croatians formed an
overwhelming majority. They systematically attempted to terrorize and expel
Croatians from these areas. This was well documented by international human
rights organizations. The same pattern was introduced simultaneously in
Vojvodina against non-Serbs. Factories, buildings, and property were
destroyed. Hundreds of Serbian civilians were killed by the bombardment of
villages of mixed nationality and cities like Vukovar and Sarajevo, where a
substantial part of the population is Serbian.
http://www.epiic.com/archives/1998/sympos98/ethnic98.html
Ah jeez I hate giving civic lessons to supposed intelligent adults!
Croatian constitution "the Republic of Croatia is hereby established as the
national state of the Croatian nation and the state of members of other
nations and minorities who are its citizens: Serbs, Moslems, Slovenes,
Czechs, Slovaks, Italians, Hungarians, Jews and others, who are guranteed
equality with citizens of Croatian nationality and the realization of ethnic
rights in accordance with the democratic norms and standards of the United
Nations Organization and the free world countries."
Article 14
Citizens of the Republic of Croatia shall enjoy all rights and freedoms,
regardless of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political cal or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, education, social
status or other characteristics.
All shall be equal before the law.
Article 15
Members of all nations and minorities shall have equal rights in the
Republic of Croatia.
Members of all nations and minorities shall be guaranteed freedom to express
their nationality, freedom to use their language and script, and cultural
autonomy.
Slovenian constitution
Article 14
(Equality before the Law)
In Slovenia everyone shall be guaranteed equal human rights and fundamental
freedoms irrespective of national origin, race, sex, language, religion,
political or other conviction, material standing, birth, education, social
status or any other personal circumstance.
All are equal before the law.
Yugoslavia constitution
Article 11
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia shall recognize and guarantee the rights
of national minorities to preserve, foster and express their ethnic,
cultural, linguistic and other peculiarities, as well as to use their
national symbols, in accordance with international law.
>Yugoslavia is (still) by Constitution,
> country made of nationalities which are living there. That means that,
once
> you get Yugoslavian citizenship, it doesn`t mean who are you, where you
came
And... so do Slovenia and Croatia
> from, what color is your skin or what God do you pray. Something very
> similar like they have in America. We don`t officially celebrate religious
A jeez ya wanna bring a tear to my eyes. We could make a new ad slogan
cevapcici, burek od jabuka and zaztava!
Hmmm, then what is that symbol in the center of the flag!
> events, to avoid to offend Catholics, Muslims or others.
> One more thing that might show Croatian characteristics - that is the only
> Former Yugoslavian country that has unsolved borderlines situation with
> their neighbors. With Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Montenegro. Croatia
claim
> that each of their neighbors has part of Croatia. They are never
satisfied.
The only issue is the Prevleka issue which is in Croatia but WAS viewed as a
security issue (he, hee) by Montenegro. At least Croatia has not asked to
reclaim Srijem nor Boka Kotorska.
>
> I`ve noticed that you haven`t visited soc.culture.yugoslavia? Well, go
> there, you`ll see lot of Croatian letters full of hate. Why do they do
that?
> Haven`t they have enough of that? They wanted to leave Yugoslavia. Now
they
> are left, but they kept coming back.
Oh, my not that! Only to keep your lies in check!
>
> I hope that this post made you think about quarrel in "the family". They
are
> mean, men. They love to hate.
>
> Now I remembered - in the late `80s, a meat a group of Polish tourist in
> Prague. We hang out together for the whole day on the streets of Prague.
At
> the end, they told me how they admire Yugoslavia, and how we are free,
> western country for them.
> Yes, my friend, we were the great country.
Well get your ass working now that you can't soak Slovenia and Croatia out
of their taxes!
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
I GENOCIDE
001 CROATIA - KNIN DISTRICT - January 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forcible relocation and
depopulation of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: January 1993; Knin district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: At the end of January 1993, numerous
Serbian paramilitary formations arrived in the Knin district from
Okucani, Banja Luka, Serbia, Kosovo, and Montenegro. Among them
were Captain Dragan, and Zeljko Raznjatovic "Arkan" with their
paramilitary formations, as well as the Serbian Radical Party
paramilitary formation called "Chetniks" or "Seselj's units".
The Croatian civilians were arrested and relocated in the so-
called UNPROFOR "South Camp". After approximately seven hours of
waiting, the civilians were put in the local school "Srpskih
Junaka" ("Serbian Heroes"), where they were held for three days
and three nights. On January 30, 1993, at 2:00 p.m., the Knin Red
Cross provided three buses for 177 Croatian civilians who were
then transferred to Drnis. The following day, January 31, 1993,
at 9:00 a.m., the civilians were taken to the village of Zitnic
and evicted. They went on foot all the way to Pakovo Selo (2.5
kilometres) where they were welcomed by the Croatian Red Cross
representatives. In Knin, all civilians were forced to sign a
document stating that they were leaving Knin of their own free
will.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serbian paramilitary formations,
irregular police, self-proclaimed civilian authorities of the
Knin district, members of the Knin Red Cross.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - PAKRAC - August 5, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killings, infliction of serious
bodily harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 5, 1993; the village of Dragovic
(northeast of Pakrac - UNPA zone WEST).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb terrorists attacked several
police vehicles. During the attack, four members of the Croatian
police force were killed, and another four wounded. The incident
took place on August 5, 1993, on the Dragovic-Donji Grahovljani
road (cca 2 kilometres from the Pakrac-Pozega highway, and cca 2
kilometres from an UNPROFOR checkpoint). The killed Croatian
policemen are the following: Renato Kalvi (father's name Ivan;
born 1970) from Pakrac, Bozidar Kop (father's name Jeronim; born
1967) from the village of Badljevina near Pakrac, Marko Jaksic
(father's name Josip; born 1969) from the village of Cerna near
Zupanja, and Zeljko Kotris (father's name Jozo; born 1961) from
the village of Podgorac near Nasice. The seriously wounded were:
P. Z. from Pakrac, and I. G. from the village of Podgorac near
Nasice. the lightly wounded were: Z. R. from the village of
Zeljani, near Nasice, and Z. V. from the village of Podgorac,
near Nasice.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs.
EVIDENCE: August 6, 1993 issue of "Vecernji list" daily, p. 4;
August 11, 1993 issue of "Vecernji list" daily, p. 7. Documents
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killings of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991; Vukovar ("Velepromet").
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: An eye-witness saw when members of the
YPA (Yugoslav People's Army) and paramilitary formations
("Chetniks") brought a group of eight civilians from the
storehouse of "Velepromet". The prisoners' hands were tied with a
wire. They tied the prisoners to a high barbed wire fence and
shot them. The eye-witness also saw three hanged civilians - two
men and a woman, near the "Velepromet" storehouse.
PERPETRATORS: The members of YPA, and Serbian paramilitary
formations ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
004 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991; Vukovar (a pit near the
brickyard, cca 2 metres from the railroad).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After the occupation of Vukovar,
members of YPA and paramilitary forces ("Chetniks") committed
mass killings of Croatian civilians. They buried the bodies of
killed civilians in mass graves. One such mass grave (cca 1,000
bodies) is located in the immediate vicinity of the railroad,
near the Vukovar Brickyard. Before the war, this was a clay-pit,
so that several large pits already existed on the site. The
perpetrators turned those pits into mass graves.
PERPETRATORS: The members of YPA and paramilitary forces
("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
005 CROATIA - SKABRNJA NEAR ZADAR - November 19/20, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forcible depopulation of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 19/20, 1991; the village of Skabrnja
(west of Benkovac).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After the occupation of the village of
Skabrnja, the members of YPA and armed Serbs loaded the surviving
Croatian civilians onto the military vehicles and drove them to
the YPA barracks in Benkovac. Next morning, around 11:30 a.m.,
all detained civilians were taken to the village of Pristeg and
evicted.
PERPETRATORS: Members of YPA, armed paramilitary formations, and
self-proclaimed authorities of the so-called Serbian Krajina.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
006 CROATIA - SKABRNJA NEAR ZADAR - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991; Skabrnja near Zadar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs and members of YPA killed
6 or 7 Croatian villagers of Skabrnja who were hiding in two
basements. An undetermined number of civilians were taken to the
Serb populated village of Smilcic. Their fate is yet unknown. The
members of the YPA and armed Serbs forcibly took the remaining
Croatian civilians to the YPA barracks in Benkovac.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the YPA, and armed Serbs from the
surrounding villages.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
007 CROATIA - SIROKA KULA - September 20, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced relocation, and killing of
civilians, infliction of serious bodily harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 20, 1991; the village of Siroka Kula
(14 kilometres northeast of Gospic).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of the YPA entered the
village. After arresting two Croatian civilians, they forcibly
relocated other Croatian civilians in the wine-cellar of Dane
Oreskovic's family house. The relocation was done by the armed
Serbs among whom were Miso Serdar, Dane Serdar, Dusko Serdar, and
Braco Zagorac. After a couple of days Dane Oreskovic's house was
hit by mortars. An eye-witness was wounded while getting out of
the cellar. After the mortar attack, armed Serbs fired at
civilians from automatic guns. Dragan Vanjak (a Serb) killed
Milan Oreskovic with a knife. 15 Croatian civilians were hidden
in the wine-cellar. Serbs killed 10 civilians, while D. O., M.
O., M. O., I. O., and another woman survived the attack. The
following people were killed near the village monument: an
unidentified elderly woman, Ive Stimac, Marica Stimac, and Matija
Oreskovic. The armed Serbs took M. V. and his wife in an unknown
direction. They burnt the bodies of the killed villagers.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the YPA, armed Serbs among whom were
Miro Serdar, Dane Serdar, Dusko Serdar, Braco Zagorac, and Dragan
Vanjak.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
008 CROATIA - SLUNJ - October 25, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 25, 1991; the village of Lipovaca (cca
23 kilometres south of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs ("Chetniks") killed seven
Croatian villagers of Lipovaca. On this occasion the following
Croatian civilians were shot or killed with knife: Marija
Brozincevic (born 1941), Franjo Brozinzevic (born 1930), Mira
Brozincevic (born 1935), Mato Brozincevic (born 1930), Roja
Brozincevic (born 1924), Mirko Brozincevic (born 1961), and Kaja
Cindric (born 1924). According to the 1991 census, the villagers
of Lipovaca had the population of 267: 222 Croats, 44 Serbs, and
1 person did not declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
009 CROATIA - SLUNJ - October 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1991; Slunj district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Marija Magdic (born 1914) was killed
in the village of Korita, mid-October 1991, along with the
following people: Manda Bicanic (born 1920) from Grabovac, Ilija
Bicanic (born 1933) from Dreznik, Marica Keser (born 1920) from
Rakovica, and Marija Pavlic (born 1943) from Klanac. Marko
Brajdic (born 1912) was killed in his family house in the village
of Rakovica, on October 24, 1991. Milan Smolcic (born 1934) and
Juro Conjar (born 1931) were killed in the village of Hrvatski
Blagaj, on October 25, 1991. All the killed persons were Croatian
civilians. Murders were committed by Serb irregulars
("Chetniks").
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
010 CROATIA - SLUNJ - October 8, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 8, 1991; the village of Dreznicko
Seliste (cca 24 kilometres south of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") set
Ana Hodak (77 years old, Croatian nationality) on fire in her
house. The same perpetrators killed the following Croatian
civilians: Nikola Hodak (born 1967) and Pavo Hodak (80 years
old). On the same day, the Chetniks set on fire Croatian houses
in the village of Dreznicko Seliste. According to the 1991
census, the village of Dreznicko Seliste had the population of
649: 633 Croatians, 14 Serbs, 1 Muslim, and 1 person did not
declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
011 CROATIA - KORENICA - November 11, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 7, 1993; the village of Poljanak (cca
22 kilometres north of Titova Korenica).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") committed
a mass execution of Croatian civilians in the village of
Poljanak. The village was destroyed, and the following villagers
were killed: Vjekoslav Vukovic (52 years old), Nikola Vukovic (65
years old), Milka Vukovic, Lucija Vukovic (63 years old), Dane
Vukovic (80 years old, father's name Mato), Dane Vukovic (70
years old, father's name Polde), Nikola Vukovic (73 years old),
Ivan Vukovic (60 years old), Nikola Matovina (79 years old), and
Joso Matovina (50 years old). According to the 1991 census, the
village of Poljanak had the population of 160: 145 Croats, 5
Serbs, 1 Muslim, and 9 persons did not declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
012 CROATIA - KORENICA - October 20, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 20, 1991; the village of Poljanak (cca
22 kilometres north of Titova Korenica).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") hanged
two Croatian villagers of Poljanak, Ivan Loncar (80 years old),
and his son Milan Loncar.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
013 CROATIA - KORENICA - October 8, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 8, 1991; the village of Vaganac (cca
25 kilometres north of Titova Korenica).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") killed
and subsequently set fire to eight elderly Croatian civilians:
Kata Bilen nicknamed "Kacuna" (84 years old), Manda Cancar
nicknamed "Mandic" (85 years old), Dane Jandric nicknamed "Danic"
(80 years old), Milka Kukuruzovic nicknamed "Milkaca" (90 years
old), Stipe Kukuruzovic (55 years old), Mara Kukuruzovic
nicknamed "Krekerusa" (80 years old), Rojka Mikuljan (80 years
old), and Jelka Mikuljan nicknamed "Strina" (86 years old).
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
014 CROATIA - KORENICA - October 8, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 8, 1991, the village of Smoljanac (cca
27 kilometres north of Titova Korenica).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") killed
two elderly Croatian civilians: Ana Bujadinovic (60 years old),
and Joso Matovina (60 years old). Their decomposed bodies were
found and buried on October 15, 1991. According to the 1991
census, the village of Smoljanac had the population of 256: 246
Croatians, 3 Serbs, and 7 persons did not declare their
nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
015 CROATIA - SLUNJ - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991; the village of Seliste, Catrnja
hamlet (cca 24 kilometres south of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") killed
two Croatian villagers of Catrnja: Jela Bicanic (1920), and Nada
Bicanic (1942).
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
016 CROATIA - SLUNJ - November 17, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 17, 1991; Slunj.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The following Croatian civilians were
killed: Dragan Modrusan and Nikola Stefanac (killed by a shell,
at the square in front of the Catholic church), Pave Ivsic (born
1934, killed in front of his house), a young man who worked in
the local forestry since the beginning of the war (killed near
the "Varteks" store), a villager of Saborsko and his child, Mile
Buncic (killed in his house), Franjo Rauzan (born 1932), Vid
Zgela (born 1933), and Mile Jurcevic (born 1920). All of the
killed persons were residents of Slunj. They were killed after
the mortar attack, and the occupation of Slunj, by the armed
Serbs and YPA members.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs and YPA members.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
017 CROATIA - SLUNJ - December 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 1991, Dreznik Grad.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: By mid-December 1991, Serb irregulars
("Chetniks") burnt alive two Croatian civilians: Manda Hodak and
Jure Hodak (spouses, cca 70 years old). According to the 1991
census, Dreznik Grad had the population of 830: 686 Croats, 120
Serbs, 1 Montenegro, and 20 persons did not declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
018 CROATIA - SLUNJ - December 22, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 22, 1991, Slunj.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Doctor Dragutin Krusic was killed on
December 22, 1991, near the cafe "Suzy". According to the 1991
census the city of Slunj had the population of 2026: 1149 Croats,
582 Serbs, 15 Muslims, 7 Montenegrins, 3 Albanians, 2 Hungarians,
1 Macedonian, 1 Slovenian, 1 Bulgarian, 1 Czech, and 264 persons
did not declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Unknown.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
019 CROATIA - SLUNJ - January 1, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: January 1, 1992, the village of Lipovaca (cca
23 kilometres south of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") burnt
alive in a house the following Croatian civilians: Ana Pemper
(born 1933), Barbara Vukovic nicknamed "Basa" (born 1930), Juro
Sebalj (born 1928) and two unidentified men. On the same day, a
young Croatian, Stipe Rukavina, was taken to the Manjaca
concentration camp, where he was battered to death.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
020 CROATIA - SLUNJ - January 16, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: January 16, 1992; the village of Donji
Ladjevac, Polje hamlet (cca 6 kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs killed (by a machine gun)
three Croatian civilians: Anka Rupa (born 1925), Franjo Sajfer
(born 1935), and Joso Sajfer (born 1930). According to the 1991
census, the village of Donji Ladjevac had the population of 445:
431 Croats, 2 Serbs, 1 Muslim, and 11 persons did not declare
nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
021 CROATIA - SLUNJ - January 22, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: January 22, 1992; Slunj.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Croatian civilians Ana Kovacevic nee
Macan and Milan Kovacavic (spouses) were killed in their family
house. Milan was killed in the stairway, while Ana was killed in
the room. She was killed with the knife, and her body was
mutilated.
PERPETRATORS: Unknown.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
022 CROATIA - SLUNJ - January 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: January 1992; the village of Gornji Ladjevac,
Dubrava hamlet (cca 6 kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") stabbed
to death three Croatian civilians: Marija Baric (born 1912), Roza
Baric (born 1933), and Kata Mrgan (born 1914). On January 23,
1992, the following Croatian civilians were killed and set on
fire in the Seliste hamlet (the village of Gornji Ladjevac): Zora
Potnar (born 1939), Mile Radocaj (born 1920), Bara Radocaj (born
1921), Ivo Radocaj (born 1930), Roza Radocaj (born 1931), Roza
Radocaj (born 1933), and Jure Valentic. Ivan and Anka
Mirosavljevic (spouses) were taken in an unknown direction on
that same day, and their fate is yet unknown.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
023 CROATIA - SLUNJ - February 16, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 16, 1992, 9:30 p.m.; Slunj.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A Serb civilian, Djuro Tepavac,
ambushed and killed (by a machine gun) a Croatian civilian, Ivan
Stefanac nicknamed "Cajac" (born 1934), and a Serb civilian Milan
Savic nicknamed "Miso" (born 1962) from the village of Komesarac,
while they were returning home in the company of another villager
(a Serb), from Milan Krneta' house. The third man managed to
escape. During February 1992, four Croatian civilians were
killed in Slunj: Janko Volaric, Janja Valentic, Joza Loncaric,
and Zvonko Loncaric. Perpetrators were Serb irregulars
("Chetniks").
PERPETRATORS: Djuro Tepavac (a Serb) from Slunj, Serb irregulars
("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
024 CROATIA - SLUNJ - February 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 1992; the village of Donji Furjan,
Gornji Furjan hamlet (cca 11 kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: By the end of February 1992, Serb
irregulars killed 6 Croatian civilians: Mile Cindric (born 1926),
Pave Zgela (born 1936, father's name Juro), Vid Zgela (born 1940,
father's name Stipe), Pave Zgela (born 1928), Marija Zgela (born
1920), and Vid Segovac (born 1934). According to the 1991 census,
the village of Donji Furjan had the population of 470: 376
Croats, 76 Serbs, and 18 persons did not declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
025 CROATIA - SLUNJ - June 19, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 19, 1992; the village of Gornji Popovac,
Lombardenik hamlet (cca 4 kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Three armed Serb civilians from Cujic
Brdo (cca 15 kilometres south of Slunj) came to the Lombardenik
hamlet. While passing by Dane Bogovic "Trener"'s house, they
forced him to dig out a grave in his garden, and then one of the
Serbs killed him. Before the war, the perpetrator used to work as
a watchman at the local gravel pit. During the 1991 census, the
village of Gornji Popovac had the population of 453: 445 Croats,
1 Serb, and 7 persons did not declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb civilians from Cujic Brdo.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
026 B-H - LJUBIJA - June 13/14, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 13/14, 1992; the village of Carakovo (cca
4 kilometres east of Ljubija - northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In the night between June 13th and
June 14th, 1992, five Croatian villagers of Carakovo were killed:
Cecilija Ecimovic (nee Jakara), Katarina Ecimovic, Nikola
Ecimovic, Marija Ecimovic, and Tomo Ecimovic. The perpetrators
were unidentified armed Serb civilians from Prijedor. They
mutilated the victims' bodies.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb civilians from Prijedor.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
027 B-H - LJUBIJA - July 24/25, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 24/25, 1992, the villages of Stara
Rijeka, Brisevo, Raljas, and Carakovo (south of Ljubija -
northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Two paramilitary brigades of the Banja
Luka Corps (5th Kozara Brigade from Prijedor, and 6th Krajina
Brigade from Sanski Most), along with the local Serb paramilitary
formations, launched an artillery and infantry attack on the
Croatian villages of Stara Rijeka, Brisevo, Raljas, and Carakovo.
Over 3,000 well armed Serbs participated in the attack. During
the two day attack 73 Croatian civilians were killed (by fire
arms, knives, wooden clubs, hanging, and burning to death).
Information on victims and perpetrators is available to the
public.
PERPETRATORS: Paramilitary formations of the so-called Serbian
Army (Banja Luka Corps: 5th Kozara Brigade from Prijedor, and 6th
Krajina Brigade from Sanski Most), armed Serb civilians from the
surrounding villages of Rasavci, Ostra Luka, Podvidaca, Batkovci,
Miska Glava, Ljeskare, Cikote, and Radomirovac.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
028 B-H - LJUBIJA - September 12/13, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 12/13, 1992, the village of Gornji
Volar (cca 4 kilometres west of Ljubija - northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In the night between September 12th
and September 13th, 1992, armed Serb villagers of Radomirovac,
Trgoviste, Donji Volar, and Cikote launched an attack on the
Croatian population of the village of Gornji Volar. Mirko Juric
(born 1936, father's name Lovro), Danica Juric (born 1936,
Mirko's wife), and Danica Solaja (born 1935) were killed by fire
arms, while A. J. was taken in the direction of the village of
Radomirovac. His fate is yet unknown, but it is presumed that he
has been killed.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb civilians from the village of
Radomirovac, Trgoviste, Donji Volar, and Cikote.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
029 B-H - LJUBIJA - December 31, 1992-January 1, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 31, 1992-January 1, 1993; the village
of Gornji Volar (cca 4 kilometres west of Ljubija - northwestern
Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serb villagers of Radomirovac
and Trgoviste launched an infantry and artillery attack on the
Croatian villagers of Gornji Volar. A 12 year old Croatian
civilian, Stipo Tukeric nicknamed "Cipa" (born 1980, father's
name Luka) was killed during the attack.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb villagers of Radomirovac and Trgoviste.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
030 B-H - LJUBIJA - April 24, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: April 24, 1993; the village of Gornji Volar
(cca 4 kilometres west of Ljubija - northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serb villagers of Donji Volar
and Cikote killed two Croatian villagers of Gornji Volar. The
victims were brother and sister Ilija Juric (born 1926, father's
name Marko) and Manda Gavranovic (nee Juric, born 1927).
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb villagers of Donji Volar and Cikote.
EVIDENCE: Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - GLINA/KNIN - June 26, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment of
prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 26, 1991, Glina; June 28, 1991, Golubic
near Knin.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs arrested and battered 14
policemen from Glina. The most notorious among the perpetrators
was Nebojsa Jelic. From Glina, the captured policemen were taken
to the Samarica Hill, where the Serbs detained the local
lumbermen. On June 28, 1991, all detainees were taken to Golubic
near Knin, and locked up in a garage. Later, they were
transferred from Golubic to Knin, and placed in a former local
hospital. 50 Croats from Plaski, Glina and Dvor na Uni districts
were detained in the hospital. They were abused on a daily basis.
Serbs beat the prisoners with fists, rubber and leaden batons,
and kicked them. Food was inadequate. On one occasion, a witness
talked to a Dutch journalist who managed to approach the window
of the lock-up only for a moment before he was chased away by the
guards. Journalists often came from Belgrade and filmed the
prisoners. Prisoners were subsequently loaded on the YPA buses
and taken to a meeting point where they were exchanged.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs from Glina, among whom the witness
recognized Nebojsa Jelic. Armed Serbs and guards in the former
hospital in Knin.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Inhumane treatment of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991; Vukovar (carpentry workshop in
"Velepromet").
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbs Nenad Zigic, Captain Dragan, and
Milan Torbica placed the burnt remains of a human body (lacking
head, head and arms) in front of a Croatian civilian prisoner in
order to intimidate him, and force him to reveal an information.
PERPETRATORS: Captain Dragan, Nenad Zigic, and Milan Torbica (all
Serbs).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 23, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Abuse and killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 23, 1991, Vukovar (carpentry workshop
in "Velepromet").
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The so-called "People's Court-
Martial", established by Serb occupying forces (the YPA and
paramilitary forces - "Chetniks"), condemned to death the
following Croats: Goran Kovacevic from Vukovar, a young man from
Zagreb, Zdravisa from Vukovar, Martin Sajtovic and his son Braco
from Vukovar. The death penalties were executed immediately. The
Chetnik nicknamed "Bulidza" chopped Goran Kovacevic's head, and
impaled it. Zoran Stankovic, Miki Ikac, and Predrag Petrinja held
a young man from Zagreb, while the Chetnik Vojvoda Mirko Novkovic
nicknamed "Capalo" cut him in two with a table saw. Martin
Sajtovic and his son Braco were shot. Zdravisa was killed with a
knife outside the workshop. A group of armed Serbs maltreated
prisoners on a daily basis.
PERPETRATORS: The Chetnik nicknamed "Bulidza", Zoran Stankovic,
Miki Ikac, Predrag Petrinjac, a Chetnik Vojvoda (a Chetnik
officer) Milan Novkovic. Investigators: Nenad Zigic, Mile
Torbica, and Captain Dragan. The prisoners were maltreated by:
Simo Samardzija, Milan Samardzija, Drago Susik, Aleksa Susik,
Stanko Susik, a man nicknamed "Kamenko" or "Kameni".
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an intervie
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
I GENOCIDE
depopulation of civilians.
will.
archives of the Department.
bodily harm.
near Nasice.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs.
formations ("Chetniks").
archives of the Department.
("Chetniks").
archives of the Department.
civilians.
(west of Benkovac).
evicted.
archives of the Department.
surrounding villages.
archives of the Department.
Vanjak.
archives of the Department.
Department.
("Chetniks").
Department.
declare nationality.
Department.
Department.
Department.
Department.
nationality.
Department.
Bicanic (1942).
Department.
Serbs and YPA members.
Department.
Department.
did not declare nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Unknown.
Department.
Department.
nationality.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs.
Department.
mutilated.
PERPETRATORS: Unknown.
Department.
Department.
("Chetniks").
("Chetniks").
Department.
Department.
Department.
mutilated the victims' bodies.
Department.
northwestern Bosnia).
public.
Department.
has been killed.
Department.
Bosnia).
Department.
Department.
prisoners.
near Knin.
hospital in Knin.
archives of the Department.
"Velepromet").
Serbs).
archives of the Department.
in "Velepromet").
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ljiljak
> Slovenia??
Yes, I do remember that. And I`m sorry for that. That was one of the act`s
of stupid Milosevic. But you forgot to mention one interesting fact from
these days. Before that Slovenian politicians agreed with those Slovenians
who said that they would give poisen sendwiches to those Serbs who came to
Slovenia.
> In my building in Ljubljana, there are 60 % Serbs, Muslims, Croats and one
> Albanian family. Other 40% are Slovenians. No one ever touch them. Or
maybe
> you know better?:))
O, yes, I do know better. I have a few cousins and two brothers that have
decided to live in Slovenia. In 92. or 93. they have to apply for a
Slovenian citizenship if they wish to stay there. That means that they are
not Serbs any more, they are Slovenians. Most of that 60% of people is
probably Slovenians with other nation`s background. I was talking about
people in Serbia, Belgrade and in my building who does *not* have
yugoslavian citizenship, nor yugoslavian passport and they live freely
without that.
Also, in 92. and in 93. in the front or my cousins doors (in the building)
in Slovenia, there were large mark "X", which was a mark for a Serbian
doors. At first, they tried to erase that mark, but somebody was kept
writting it. Just for the record. Also, I was born in Slovenia, so you can`t
tell me what`s happend and what`s not.
Again - Croats do not need visa to enter Yugoslavia, we do need visa to
enter Croatia. Summer is long gone, it`s almost december now:) And, don`t
yell!! it`s not polite:) You felt pity for the Croats who had to wait on
borderline to get their visa`s? Let me tell you this. There is much more
Serbs who wish to visit Croatia then Croats who wish to visit Serbia. I know
that you would agree with that fact. Lots of old Serbs wish to visit their
old houses or relatives. They NEVER was in a position to get their visa on
borderline. They have to wait for the whole night in front of Croatian
Embassy, and if they are lucky enough, they will get time to apply for visa
the next day. If not, they have to wait another night. They were number of
losing conceous in these lines in front of Embassy. Get informed before you
said something like that. And don`t tell me that I don`t know anything about
visa sistem in my country.
Yes, I do need that link.
I have never ever said that all Serbs are good and all Croats are bed.
However, I`m standing for what I said about how Croat politics were and are
bed, mean, selfish.
"Nat" <kavainr...@email.si> wrote in message
news:ybsE9.852$tQ1....@news.siol.net...
Nat
> Yes, I do remember that. And I`m sorry for that. That was one of the act`s
> of stupid Milosevic. But you forgot to mention one interesting fact from
> these days. Before that Slovenian politicians agreed with those Slovenians
> who said that they would give poisen sendwiches to those Serbs who came to
> Slovenia.
You forget that there were people who had feed the soldiers of FY for a some
time giving them a bread over the wire fense, when the officers were planing
to attack....
Strange that those young soldiers are alive... Metter of poison was your
propaganda...
There are people in Slovenia that do not like the Serbs. There are people in
Serbia that do not like Slovenians - as you, there are people that do not
like some other people all over the world. Maybe you would say that Serbs
like all the people in the world ?:))
> O, yes, I do know better.
Wow.. for Good sake how do you know that I am not one from those, for whom
you know better ?:))
> I have a few cousins and two brothers that have
> decided to live in Slovenia. In 92. or 93. they have to apply for a
> Slovenian citizenship if they wish to stay there. That means that they are
> not Serbs any more, they are Slovenians.
They could arange to stay in another way. They obviously chose to apply for
Slovenian citizenship. Don't use there desision for propaganda.
> Also, in 92. and in 93. in the front or my cousins doors (in the building)
> in Slovenia, there were large mark "X", which was a mark for a Serbian
> doors. At first, they tried to erase that mark, but somebody was kept
> writting it. Just for the record. Also, I was born in Slovenia, so you
can`t
> tell me what`s happend and what`s not.
Genealogic memory?:))) I was born in Tibet and should I know now the best
what is going on there?:)))
> Again - Croats do not need visa to enter Yugoslavia, we do need visa to
> enter Croatia. Summer is long gone, it`s almost december now:) And, don`t
> yell!! it`s not polite:)
I have called the YU embasy, Croats do need visas...
> They NEVER was in a position to get their visa on
> borderline. They have to wait for the whole night in front of Croatian
> Embassy, and if they are lucky enough, they will get time to apply for
visa
> the next day. If not, they have to wait another night.
What do you think, what is the situation with those, who need a YU visa, but
they are not in the living in the same town where YU embasy is???
> Yes, I do need that link.
http://www.us-rs.si/si/basisfr.html
> I have never ever said that all Serbs are good and all Croats are bed.
> However, I`m standing for what I said about how Croat politics were and
are
> bed, mean, selfish.
That is what could be reed from your posts. Now you are changeing to
politics...:))
Rastislav
> right to secede from Yugoslavia but also such decision was not possible
> without the consensus under Yugoslavia, so that the secession was done
> against the constitution of Yugoslavia.
It is very clear: Slovenia had right to secede and had not right to
secede from ex Yu. :-)))
> That was a sort of crime I would
> say.
You may say whatever you want. And I am proud to say that I voted
(along to 90 % of inhabitants of SLOVEnia) for independence
(referendum on December 23 1990).
>Second, Milan Kucan would not dare to secede without support from
> Germany. The secession was also a crime according to the Helsinki Convention
> which stated no border of any state in Europe shell be changed otherwise
> than peacefully through negotiations.
But what happens when the other side does not want to negotiate?
>Moreover I believe that Germany
> initiated everything and the bill will come to Slovenia for it.
Of course, you were in all times innocent victims and other were
guilty for all your faults. Grow up and stop selfpity. You still live
in the first half of the 20 Century. And if it will not come (I mean
that bill)? You will be probably very sad.
Respectfully,
Rastislav
Gorazd Bozic
ljiljak <dragana...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> "Quarrel in family" started when two "members" of family (Slovenia and
> Croatia) decided to left family and took Serbian land in Krajina with them.
> We didn`t started it. Similar to Russian situation, many Serbian has left
> outside their own country.
Quarrel started before that. "Leaving the family" was a result of a
disagreement that started quite some time before that.
> Or course, at this time, Croatia and Slovenia are almost "Serbian-free"
> countries. On the other side, in Serbia and Yugoslavia for the whole time of
> war, until this day, there is lot of Croats, Slovenians, Muslims and all
> other nationalities. I live in Belgrade. In a population of less then
> 2.000.000, we have almost 150.000 Albanians in this city. My best girlfriend
> neighbor is a Croatian. In our building there is two more apartment with
> Croats and two with Slovenians (out of 27 apartments). They all live in
> peace among us, and no one ever touch them.
There was never a large Serbian population living in Slovenia. Today,
approx. 2% of population declare themselves as Serbs. Anti-NATO
demostrations were organized by Serbs in Ljubljana at the time of the
NATO attack on FRY and no "anti-Serb" incidents happened. Anyone from
ex-SFRY with a registered permanent residence in Slovenia in 1991 could
get a Slovenian citizenship without a problem. Some people decided against
it and have since then been facing problems because of their unresolved
status. This has recently been solved by a special law.
> Also, by Croatian and Slovenian constitution, Croats (Slovenians) are the
> main nationality in their countries. Yugoslavia is (still) by Constitution,
> country made of nationalities which are living there. That means that, once
> you get Yugoslavian citizenship, it doesn`t mean who are you, where you came
> from, what color is your skin or what God do you pray. Something very
It's the same in Slovenia, rest assured. Citizenship is the category which
is used in all of the legislation. Nationality is not important. Noone can
ask for your nationality. There are several exceptions which are permitted
(national census being one), but even there you can decline to answer.
> Yes, my friend, we were the great country.
In some aspects, certainly. But at the end of 80s it was a time for a
reform. Some were proposed and ignored or vehemently rejected. Quarrel
started in "the family".
Gorazd
--
Gorazd Bozic <g...@email.si>
Gorazd Bozic
ljiljak <dragana...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> O, yes, I do know better. I have a few cousins and two brothers that have
> decided to live in Slovenia. In 92. or 93. they have to apply for a
> Slovenian citizenship if they wish to stay there. That means that they are
> not Serbs any more, they are Slovenians. Most of that 60% of people is
> probably Slovenians with other nation`s background. I was talking about
> people in Serbia, Belgrade and in my building who does *not* have
> yugoslavian citizenship, nor yugoslavian passport and they live freely
> without that.
Not true. If you apply for Slovenian citizenship, you don't have
to change your nationality. You don't have to apply for a citizenship
to live in a country. You can stay for 90 days as a tourist (as in most
other countries in the world), otherwise you can apply for a residency
in Slovenia as a foreign citizen.
60%? Where did you get this number? Ridiculous.
Anes Sadikovic
> I never said that there were no Germans in Croatia. I said that they
> almoust, in compare to their number in Bosnia and Serbia, was`t there. And
> frankly, until now I didn`t knew that they was in Zagorje. I don`t say I
> don`t believe, its just a new information to me.
>
>
Following your logic...
1. There were much more German soldiers in Bosnia then in Serbia.
2. Bosnia was liberated by partisans.
3. Serbian needed Soviet Red Army help.
++
I think the thread was interesting, and good to consider, without
insulting to the participatns of the thread.
History of the second world war and partisan periods in Yugoslavia is
still being written as more and more documents come to light.
I think both of you have good contributions to make in considering this
and other topics.
Let's be friends. This newsgroup can be anything people want it to be,
and the worst of the spammers and hate mongers can be, simply ignored.
Don't read those people.
Galina
P.S. Here is a website that many people might find interesting and
valuable in considering this period. All the documents are available
free of charge online:
http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.home
For the next event of the Cold War International History Project in
Washington, see:
http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.event&event_id=11899
Troll their archives:
http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=library.Collection
And the issues of their bulletin has even more documents:
http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.publications
This is one of the most exciting academic opportunities today, my opinion.
Galina
Barry Marjanovich
I. GENOCIDE
001 CROATIA - UNPA ZONE EAST - August 27, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: August 27, 1993, UNPA Zone East (Eastern
Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srijem).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Since July 1991 until August 28,
1993, illegal Serbian military formations and civilian
authorities deported approximately 125,000 non-Serbs from the
territory of the Republic of Croatia, currently UNPA Zone East.
Since the deployment of the UNPROFOR in this region in 1992,
illegal Serbian military and civilian authorities have forcibly
displaced approximately 5000 and killed approximately 700 non-
Serb individuals.
PERPETRATORS: Illegal Serbian military and civilian authorities
in UNPA Zone East.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vjesnik", August
28, 1993, page 5, titled "Eight More Displaced Persons From
Sector East". Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
002 CROATIA - UNPA ZONE EAST - August 27, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: August 27, 1993, city of Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Illegal Serbian authorities in
Vukovar forcibly displaced the following Croatians: Nevenka
Jasinski (born 1963), Zoran Jasinski (born 1981), Sandra Jasinski
(born 1982) and Goran Jasinski (born 1987). The displaced
persons were escorted to the UNPROFOR checkpoint by
representatives of the ICRC.
PERPETRATORS: Illegal Serbian authorities in the city of
Vukovar.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vjesnik", August
28, 1993, page 5, titled "Eight More Displaced Persons From
Sector East". Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
003 CROATIA - UNPA ZONE EAST - August 27, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: August 27, 1993, village of Dalj
(approximately 17 km north of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Illegal Serbian authorities in the
village of Dalj forcibly displaced Luja Bajaki}-Janji} (Croat,
born 1928). She was escorted to the UNPROFOR checkpoint near
Nemetin by representatives of the ICRC.
PERPETRATORS: Illegal Serbian authorities in the village of
Dalj.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vjesnik", August
28, 1993, page 5, titled "Eight More Displaced Persons From
Sector East". Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
004 CROATIA - UNPA ZONE EAST - August 27, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: August 27, 1993, village of Trpinja
(approximately 11 km northwest of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Illegal Serbian authorities in
Trpinja forcibly displaced Janja Ivancevi} (Croat, born 1914).
She was escorted to the UNPROFOR checkpoint near Nemetin by
representatives of the ICRC.
PERPETRATORS: Illegal Serbian authorities in the village of
Trpinja.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vjesnik", August
28, 1993, page 5, titled "Eight More Displaced Persons From
Sector East". Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
005 CROATIA - UNPA ZONE EAST - August 27, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: August 27, 1993, village of Berak
(approximately 13 km south of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Illegal Serbian authorities in Berak
forcibly displaced Danka Ivkovi} (Croat, born 1921). She was
escorted to the UNPROFOR checkpoint near Nemetin by
representatives of the ICRC.
PERPETRATORS: Illegal Serbian authorities in the village of
Berak. SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vjesnik",
August 28, 1993, page 5, titled "Eight More Displaced Persons
From Sector East". Document currently kept in the archives of
the Department.
006 CROATIA - UNPA ZONE EAST - August 27, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: August 27, 1993, village of Nijemci
(approximately 26 km south of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Illegal Serbian authorities in
Nijemci forcibly displaced Liza Bozanovi} (Croat, born 1912).
She was escorted to the UNPROFOR checkpoint near Nemetin by
representatives of the ICRC.
PERPETRATORS: Illegal Serbian authorities in the village of
Nijemci.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vjesnik", August
28, 1993, page 5, titled "Eight More Displaced Persons From
Sector East". Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
007 CROATIA - UNPA ZONE EAST - August 26, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: August 27, 1993, village of Slakovci
(approximately 17 km southeast of Vinkovci).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Representatives of the illegal "Red
Cross" from the village of Mirkovci forcibly displaced Marija
Jagri} (Croat, age 70) and escorted her to the Croatian-Serbian
border between the villages of Jamena (Serbia) and Strosinci
(Croatia) where the displaced woman was received by members of
the Croatian Red Cross and Ante Kui}, a member of the UNPROFOR
commission for operations in UNPA Zone East.
PERPETRATORS: Representatives of the illegal "Red Cross" from
the village of Mirkovci.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vecernji list",
August 28, 1993, page 4, titled "Across a Mine Field to Freedom".
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
011 B-H - NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA - April 1, 1992 to August 25, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forced displacement of the
civilian population (ethnic cleansing).
TIME AND LOCATION: April 1, 1992 to August 25, 1993, Republic of
Bosnia-Herzegovina (northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In the period between April 1, 1992
and August 25, 1993, illegal Serbian military and civilian
authorities in northwestern Bosnia forcibly displaced a large
number civilians. A group of displaced individuals from
northwestern Bosnia moved to the territory of the Republic of
Croatia at the border crossing between the Republic of Croatia
and the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina at Stara Gradiska. The
registration of the displaced individuals from northwestern
Bosnia was completed at the Croatian checkpoint in Stari Grabovac
near Novska. Exactly 52,622 displaced individuals were
registered. The ethnic structure of the displaced civilians is
as follows:
Croatians 19,983
Muslims 32,627
Serbs 12
PERPETRATORS: Illegal Serbian military and civilian authorities
from northwestern Bosnia.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Written report kept in the archives of
the Department.
012 B-H - LJUBIJA - July 24/25, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 24/25, 1992, in the village of Brisevo
and Stara Rijeka (northwestern Bosnia, south of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs, members of the Sixth
Krajina Brigade from the district of Sanski Most, executed mass
killing of Croatians - civilians from the villages of Stara
Rijeka (hamlet of Mostanica) and Brisevo. In the hamlet of
Mostanica there were 12 murdered individuals with the surname
Matanovi}. In the village of Brisevo, almost all individuals
with the following surnames were exterminated: Mlinar, Buzuk,
Atlija and Dima}. In just two days, Serbian forces killed over
70 individuals of Croatian nationality. The majority of the
victims were buried in a mass grave. According to the 1991
census, the population of the villages of Stara Rijeka and
Brisevo was 98% Croat. Following the mass killings, Croatian
homes and businesses were looted.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the Sixth Krajina Brigade from Sanski
Most, whose commander was Branko Basara. From the village of
Batkovci (south of Ljubija), the following participated in the
killing of Croat civilians: Momir (father's name Lazo) Mrsi},
nicknamed "Tuga"; Ljubomir (father's name Lazo) Mrsi}, nicknamed
"Muva", Rajko (father's name Mirko) Milojica - leader of the
Serbian Democratic Party in the village of Batkovci; Dusan - Dule
(father's name Dragan) Milojica, nicknamed "Mavalica"; Dragan
(father's name Stanko) Dosenovi}; Goran (father's name Stanko)
Dosenovi}; Milanko (father's name Mirko) Dosenovi}; Goran
(father's name Dragan) Dosenovi}; Milan (father's name Branko)
Plavsi}; Branko (father's name Ranko) Dosenovi}, nicknamed
"Musko". Armed Serbs from the region of Sanski Most also
participated in the killings, including: Rade (father's name
Pero) Lovri}; the son of Pero Lovri}, nicknamed "Damdaja"; Mijo
(father's name Pero) Lovri}; Dujo (father's name Pero) Lovri}; an
individual named Mile and called "Lale" and his son Dino; Milanko
(father's name Brane) Milojica; Stanko (father's name Brane)
Milojica; Vojo (father's name Slavko) Radisavljevi}; Pero
Goronja's son, nicknamed "Braco"; Petar (father's name Dusan)
Dosenovi}; Dusan Dosenovi}'s son; Slobodan (father's name Dusan)
Vukeli}; Mile (father's name Gojko) Dosenovi}; Drazenko (father's
name Gojko) Dosenovi}; Marko (father's name Pero) Dosenovi};
Gojko (father's name Mirko) Dosenovi}. In addition to the above
mentioned individuals, the following Serbs from Batkovci also
participated: Dragan (father's name Stipo) Tomi}; Marko
(father's name Dragan) Tomi}; Franjo (father's name Marko) Tomi};
Vinko (father's name Nedo) Tomi}; Pejo (father's name Ivo) Rivi};
Miro Rivi}, nicknamed "Garicin". The following Serbs from the
village of Stara Rijeka participated in looting civilian
property: Janjo Calakanov's two sons; Ivo Cepi}'s son; Jurica
(father's name Ante) Deli}, nicknamed "Pogin"; Vlado (father's
name Ante) Deli}.
EVIDENCE: A written statement given by a witness and kept in the
archives of the Department.
II WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - KOVACIC NEAR KNIN - June 28, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Employment of measures of
intimidation and terror, attack on civilian properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 28, 1992, village of Kovaci} near Knin.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of the irregular militia drove
in Land-Rovers in front of the house of an eye-witness and opened
fire from the automatic guns on the house. After the shooting
they threw tear-gas in the house. Although the region is under
UNPROFOR protection, the Croatian civilians are being daily
maltreated and oppressed. The members of the UNPROFOR forces
often smuggle scarce items from the unoccupied parts of Croatia,
and resell those items to certain Serb black-marketeers.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the irregular militia in the Knin
county.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - SIROKA KULA - September 20, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 20, 1991, Siroka Kula (14 kilometres
northeast of Gospi}).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of the YPA entered the village
of Siroka Kula, arrested two Croatian civilians (A. O. and A. O.)
and took them in an unknown direction. The fate of the arrested
civilians is yet unknown.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the YPA.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - SIROKA KULA - May 16/17, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment and killing
of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 16/17, 1991, village of Siroka Kula (14
kilometres northeast of Gospi}).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs and members of an
irregular militia force ("Marti}'s unit"), took the following
Croatian civilians in an unknown direction: J. N., A. N., P. N.,
I. N., and K. N. After several days I. N. returned home to fetch
some clothes, after which he was obliged to return to the prison.
On this occasion he said that the Serbs killed with knife Kata
Niksi}. The members of the YPA took away the arms which belonged
to the Civilian Defense Service. Braco Zagorac was with them. The
armed Serbs and members of Marti}'s unit forbid the Croatian
villagers of Siroka Kula to buy food supplies in the local store.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs and members of the irregular militia
("Marti}'s unit") from the village of Siroka Kula.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
004 CROATIA - SIROKA KULA NEAR GOSPIC - May 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Employment of measures of
intimidation and terror, killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 1991, the village of Siroka Kula (14
kilometres northeast of Gospi}).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serb villagers of Siroka Kula
put up barricades on the village roads. They told the Croatian
villagers of Siroka Kula to leave the village. The main initiator
of intimidation and terror against Croatian civilians was Spaso
Djuki} (a Serb). At the entrance to the village, near the
barricade, armed Serb villagers of Siroka Kula killed four young
Croatians. Iso Potkonjak (a Serb) was among the perpetrators. The
armed Serbs, along with the irregular militia (Marti}'s unit),
occupied Novi Licki Osik, and almost all significant objects in
the town (the railroad, the railway station, the police station,
the local plant... ).
PERPETRATORS: Spaso Djuki}, Iso Potkonjak, armed Serb villagers
of Siroka Kula and Novi Licki Osik, members of the irregular
police ("Marti}'s unit).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
005 CROATIA - SKABRNJA NEAR ZADAR - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991, 7:40 a.m., village of
Skabrnja (west of Benkovac).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Heavy artillery and infantry attack by
the YPA, and armed Serb civilians from nearby villages was
launched at the Croatian villagers of Skabrnja. Some villagers
recognized a Serb nicknamed "Ivanez" among the perpetrators. The
attackers destroyed Croatian residential and farm buildings.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the YPA and armed Serbs from nearby
villages.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
006 CROATIA - SKABRNJA NEAR ZADAR - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991, village of Skabrnja (west
of Benkovac).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of the YPA and armed Serbs
from neighbouring villages encircled and attacked the village of
Skabrnja. 29 YPA armoured vehicles (tanks and transporters)
participated in the attack. During the attack there were 50
civilians in the village. After entering the village, the members
of the YPA and armed Serbs took civilians from their cellars. An
eye-witness saw the Serbs arrest three elderly men, and one
elderly woman. All of the killed people were Croatian civilians.
The surviving civilians were taken to the Benkovac YPA barracks
in military vehicles. The eye-witness recognized Zoran Draca (a
Serb) among the perpetrators. Draca was dressed in YPA uniform.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the YPA, armed Serbs from the
surrounding villages and Zoran Draca.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
007 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 18/19, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians, killing of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18/19, 1991, Vukovar (basement of the
administrative building of the "Komerc" company).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Five or six thousand civilians and
wounded found shelter from constant shelling in the basement of
the "Komerc" company building. In the night between November 18th
and 19th, YPA tanks shelled the building. The YPA members threw
tear-gas in the basement among the civilians and the wounded. The
civilians put up a white cloth and emerged out of the basement.
An eye-witness saw 7 or 8 killed civilians in the basement. They
were killed by mortars which were fired on the shelter. In front
of the "Komerc" building the civilians were encircled by soldiers
dressed in YPA uniforms (olive-drab) and wearing five pointed
star symbols on their caps.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
008 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Looting and destruction of
civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991, Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Predrag Petrinjac (a Serb) beat and
robbed a Croatian civilian A. H. He took 1,000 DM and 40,000
Croatian Dinars from her. He took her glasses and crushed them
under his feet.
PERPETRATORS: Predrag Petrinjac (a Serb resident of Vukovar).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
009 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment of civilians in
concentration camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991, Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After the occupation of Vukovar,
members of paramilitary formations ("Chetniks"), led by Vojvoda
(a Chetnik officer) Mirko Novkovi} "Capalo", brought civilians to
the "Velepromet" premises, and turned the company into a
concentration camp. In this camp, armed Serbs determined the fate
of certain Croatian civilians. Serbian occupying forces
established the so-called National Court-Martial which brought
summary convictions. This court was located in the "Velepromet"
office building.
PERPETRATORS: Chetnik Vojvoda Mirko Novkovi} "Capalo"; Inga
Stankovi} (father's name Mirko); Zoran Stankovi} (father's name
Mirko); Nenad Zigi} - an inspector in the former Vukovar police
station; Milan Torbica; and the so-called Captain Dragan (all
Serbs).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
010 CROATIA - KORENICA - March 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: March 1991, the village of Rastovaca (27
kilometres north of Korenica).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb irregulars killed Bara
Komljenovi}, an elderly woman from the village of Rasovaca near
the Plitvice Lakes.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks").
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Written report currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
011 CROATIA - SV. FILIP I JAKOV - August 26, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians, physical
abuse and destruction of civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 26, 1993, at approximately 5:00 pm, in
Sv. Filip i Jakov (approximately 25 km southeast of Zadar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbian paramilitary forces attacked
the civilian population in the village of Sv. Filip i Jakov from
the villages of Kakma, Lisane Tinjske, Tinj and Zapuzane.
Artillery, tank, mortar and multi-barrel rocket launchers were
used. The Croatian civilian Ante Fantina was seriously wounded,
while Silvestar Fantina sustained minor injuries. Several homes
and civilian property was damaged. The attack was launched from
villages located in UNPA Zone South.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbian paramilitary forces from the
villages of Kakma, Lisane Tinjske, Tinj and Zapuzane, situated in
UNPA Zone South.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vecernji list",
August 28, 1993, page 4, titled "Hell in Biograd". Document kept
in the archives of the Department.
012 CROATIA - BIOGRAD NA MORU - August 26, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians, murder and
destruction of civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 26, 1993, at 6:35 pm, in Biograd Na
Moru (approximately 28 km southeast of Zadar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbian paramilitary forces attacked
the civilian population in the town of Biograd Na Moru from the
villages of Kakma, Lisane Tinjske, Tinj and Zapuzane. Artillery,
tank, mortar and multi-barrel rocket launchers were used. Marija
Zili}, a displaced person from the village of Polaca near
Benkovac, was killed in the attack. Several homes were
destroyed. Serbian paramilitary forces also fired shells
containing a flammable mixture in order to ignite a fires. The
attack was launched from villages located in UNPA Zone South.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbian paramilitary forces from the
villages of Kakma, Lisane Tinjske, Tinj and Zapuzane, situated in
UNPA Zone South.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vecernji list",
August 28, 1993, page 4, titled "Hell in Biograd". Document kept
in the archives of the Department.
013 CROATIA - TURANJ - August 26, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians, resulting in
physical injury.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 26, 1993, in Turanj (approximately 22
km southeast of Zadar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbian paramilitary forces attacked
the civilian population in the town of Turanj from their
positions in the villages of Kakma, Lisane Tinjske, Tinj and
Zapuzane. Artillery, tank, mortar and multi-barrel rocket
launchers were used. Mirjana Pedisi}, a Croat, was seriously
wounded in the attack. The attack was launched from villages
located in UNPA Zone South.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbian paramilitary forces from the
villages of Kakma, Lisane Tinjske, Tinj and Zapuzane, situated in
UNPA Zone South.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vecernji list",
August 28, 1993, page 4, titled "Hell in Biograd". Document kept
in the archives of the Department.
014 CROATIA - ZADAR - August 26, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians, resulting in
physical injury.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 26, 1993, Zadar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbian paramilitary forces launched
two attacks on civilians in Zadar from their positions in
surrounding villages. At exactly 8:50 pm tanks opened fire on
Zadar. Seven persons were seriously wounded. At 9:00 pm multi-
barrel rockets were fired on Zadar. The civilian Sinisa Krajsi}
(age 35) was killed in this attack, and his wife was seriously
wounded. Also during this attack, six persons were seriously
wounded. Both attacks resulted in great material damage to
civilian property. The attack was launched from villages located
in UNPA Zone South.
PERPETRATORS: Serbian paramilitary forces from occupied villages
in the Zadar hinterland, situated in UNPA Zone South.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Nnewspaper article in "Vecernji list",
August 28, 1993, page 4, titled "Tanks on Civilians". Document
kept in the archives of the Department.
015 CROATIA - OGULIN - August 30, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians, resulting in
physical injury.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 30, 1993, at 1:00 pm, Ogulin district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serbian paramilitary forces launched
small and heavy arms fire at 1:00 pm from their positions near
the village of Vojnovac and the town of Plaski. Over 100
projectiles of various calibre fell on villages in the Ogulin
district inhabited by Croatians. Armed Serbian paramilitary
forces directed their attacks first towards the following
villages: Pavli}e, Radosi}e and Modrus. Subsequently, the cities
of Josipdol and Ogulin also came under fire. There were several
civilian casualties. The UNPROFOR was informed of the attacks,
however this did not result in a cessation of hostilities. The
attacks were launched from Serbian positions in UNPA Zone North.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbian paramilitary forces from the village
of Vojnovac and the town of Plaski (UNPA Zone North).
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Newspaper article in "Vjesnik", August
31, 1993, page 9, titled "Tank Fire on Ogulin, Josipdol and
Brinje". Document kept in the archives of the Department.
016 B-H - LJUBIJA - May 26, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians, rapes,
imprisonment of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 26, 1992, Donja Ljubija (approximately 3
kilometres northeast of Ljubija - northeastern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs launched a heavy artillery
and infantry attack on the village of Donja Ljubija from the
direction of Prijedor. On this occasion they killed 11 Croatian
and Muslim civilians: Zdenka Radocaj, Mara Kukavica, Ivo
Kukavica, Drago Tokmadzi}, Fikret Sarajli}, Emir Selimovi}, Rasim
Cehi}, Himzo Dzafi}, Hakija Ikanovi} (killed by knife), Vahid
Ikanovi} (killed by knife), Smail Ikanovi} (killed by knife). M.
I. and the wife of J. S. were raped. Those men who survived the
attack were arrested and held in a soccer field in Ljubija.
PERPETRATORS: Serb irregulars ("Chetniks") from the village of
Ljeskare (near Ljubija), members of the YPA stationed in the
Prijedor army barracks, Savo Radocaj, Mile Jefti}'s son-in-law, a
Chetnik who had "Zerina" tattooed on his chest.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021119/168/2pwzz.html
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021119/168/2px16.html
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021117/168/2pi9s.html
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021112/168/2nz93.html
http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=ISO-8859-1&safe=off&q=servs&btnG=Google+Search&meta=
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
Barry Marjanovich wrote:
> CCCC <sp...@erols.com> served:
> I. GENOCIDE
Barry,
I've known you online a long time, but the only thing I wrote about was
an introduction ot the Cold War International History archives online.
As you know, I don't like the term "Servs" or other denigrating
terminology, don't approve of characterizing epoples by the actions of
individuals, and have never supported any kind of genocide by anyone
anywhere.
Galina
<knee jerk inappropriate response deleted>
Aleksandar Sarovic
"Rastislav" <ras...@lycos.com> wrote in message
news:3b87ef5e.02112...@posting.google.com...
> > First I have to tell you Slovenia had (according to the constitution}
the
> > right to secede from Yugoslavia but also such decision was not possible
> > without the consensus under Yugoslavia, so that the secession was done
> > against the constitution of Yugoslavia.
>
> It is very clear: Slovenia had right to secede and had not right to
> secede from ex Yu. :-)))
Right. That is a matter of conditions. Very simple.
> > That was a sort of crime I would
> > say.
>
> You may say whatever you want. And I am proud to say that I voted
> (along to 90 % of inhabitants of SLOVEnia) for independence
> (referendum on December 23 1990).
Then why 99% Gibraltarians who recently voted in the referendum do not have
right to secede from GB?.
> >Second, Milan Kucan would not dare to secede without support from
> > Germany. The secession was also a crime according to the Helsinki
Convention
> > which stated no border of any state in Europe shell be changed otherwise
> > than peacefully through negotiations.
>
> But what happens when the other side does not want to negotiate?
When there is no consensus no decision is to be made. On the other hand
Serbia was willing to let Slovenia go but Slovenia rather committed an
aggression on Yugoslavia then went peacefully. That is a reason I believe
the secession was ordered by Germans. President Kucan was at his young age
forced to live Slovenia by Germans and was hosted by Serbs. The aggression
on Yugoslavia was his thanks.
> >Moreover I believe that Germany
> > initiated everything and the bill will come to Slovenia for it.
>
> Of course, you were in all times innocent victims and other were
> guilty for all your faults. Grow up and stop selfpity. You still live
> in the first half of the 20 Century. And if it will not come (I mean
> that bill)? You will be probably very sad.
>
> Respectfully,
>
> Rastislav
You will not believe me but I live in third millennium. The rest of the
world lives in the Middle Ages. Aggression on Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq
and tomorrow on who knows what proves it. Don't worry, you will be chosen to
fight for your masters there or maybe in Stalingrad or Beijing. You do not
have any other choice, democracy rules the world and nobody will ask you
anything.
--
Aleksandar Sarovic
Barry Marjanovich
> http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - SINJ - September 5, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 5, 1993; 4:10 p.m.; the village of
Hrvace.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Mladen Radan and Miroslav Guberac were
buried in the local cemetery in Hrvace, in the presence of their
relatives and friends. During the funeral, at 4:10 p.m., the
members of a Serb paramilitary unit fired four mortars from their
stronghold in the occupied region. The mortars exploded in the
immediate vicinity of the cemetery. The region is in UNPA zone
"South", and is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of a Serb paramilitary unit.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 6, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 3, title: "Enemy Fires Mortars on Burial Procession".
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
002 CROATIA - ZADAR - September 5, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 5, 1993; 3:30 p.m.; the village of
Kasic (UNPA zone "South").
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
from the village of Smilcic fired seven 120 mm mortars on the
village of Kasic. After ten minutes, members of a Serb
paramilitary unit stationed in the Mandica Glava stronghold fired
four mortars at the village of Kasic. The Serb stronghold is
located in UNPA zone "South", and is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of a Serb paramilitary unit stationed in
the village of Smilcic, and in Mandica Glava.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 6, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 8, title: "Attacks Continue". Document currently kept
in the archives of the Department.
003 CROATIA - OGULIN/JOSIPDOL - September 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 9, 1991; 8:25 a.m.; Ogulin/Josipdol.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of paramilitary units launched
an artillery attack on civilian targets from their positions in
the occupied parts of the former districts of Karlovac and
Ogulin. Ten 130 mm mortars were fired on the Josipdol and Ogulin
region. One woman was slightly injured, and another two were
seriously wounded by shell fragments. They were taken to the
Ogulin hospital and treated there. The shells were fired from
Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is under
UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 9, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 5, title: "Three Women Wounded". Document currently
kept in the archives of the Department.
004 CROATIA - KARLOVAC - September 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 9, 1993; 8:30 a.m.; Karlovac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched an artillery attack on the centre of Karlovac from their
strongholds in the occupied region (right bank of Korana River).
Ten large calibre shells were fired on civilian objects. One
family house was hit. The attacked was launched from Serb
strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is under UNPROFOR
control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units stationed in
UNPA zone "North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 9, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 5, title: "Cities Under Mortar Fire". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
005 CROATIA - OTOCAC - September 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack and killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 9, 1993; 7:50 a.m.; Otocac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched a mortar attack on the outskirts of Otocac, and the town
itself, from their strongholds in the occupied village of
Zaluznica (cca 9 kilometres east of Otocac). One person was
killed, while two persons were seriously, and another four
slightly wounded. Over one hundred mortars fell on the town's
centre and damaged approximately seventy residential buildings
and industrial installations. The attack was launched from Serb
strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is under UNPROFOR
control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 10, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 5, title: "Cities Under Mortar Fire". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
006 CROATIA - DUGA RESA - September 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack and killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 9, 1993; 1:30 p.m.; the village of
Mrzlo Polje (cca 3 kilometres north of Duga Resa).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of the Serb paramilitary units
launched a mortar attack on the town of Duga Resa and surrounding
villages from their strongholds in the occupied region (right
bank of Korana River). 15 shells were fired on this occasion. As
a consequence, one villager of Mrzlo Polje was killed, and
another wounded. The attack was launched from Serb strongholds in
UNPA zone "North". The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 10, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 5, title: "Cities Under Mortar Fire". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
007 CROATIA - OTOCAC - September 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 9, 1993; 5:30 p.m.; the villages of
Sinac and Ramljani (cca 7 kilometres southeast of Otocac).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched a mortar attack on the villages of Sinac and Ramljani
from their strongholds in the occupied villages of Podum,
Turjansko, and Zaluznica. As a result of the mortar attack, fire
broke out in several residential buildings and industrial
installations. The attack was launched from Serb strongholds in
UNPA zone "South". The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"South".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 10 issue of "Vecernji list", p.
5, title: "Cities Under Mortar Fire". Document currently kept in
the archives of the Department.
008 CROATIA - GOSPIC - September 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 9, 1993; 6:00 a.m.; Gospic.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched an artillery attack on the city of Gospic and the Licki
Osik surroundings from their strongholds in the occupied
southeast region of the Gospic district. Incendiary shells were
used in the attack, setting on fire many residential and other
civilian buildings. The attack was launched from Serb strongholds
in UNPA zone "South". The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"South".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 10, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 5, title: "Cities Under Mortar Fire". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
009 CROATIA - GENERALSKI STOL - September 10, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack and killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 10, 1993; 6:00 a.m.; Generalski Stol
(cca 24 kilometres south of Duga Resa).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serbian paramilitary units
fired fifty mortars on Generalski Stol and the villages between
the Korana and Mreznica Rivers from their strongholds in the
occupied region (right bank of Korana River). During the attack
on the villages between the Korana and Mreznica Rivers, one child
was killed, and several people were wounded by shell fragments.
The attack was launched from the Serb strongholds in UNPA zone
"North". The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 10, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 5, title: "Cities Under Mortar Fire". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
010 CROATIA - KARLOVAC - September 10, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack and killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 10, 1993; 11:30 a.m.; Karlovac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
shelled the city of Karlovac from their strongholds in the
occupied villages of Kamensko (cca 3.5 kilometres east of
Karlovac) and Mekusje (cca 1.5 kilometres east of Karlovac).
Between 11:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. more than a hundred shells were
fired on the city from heavy artillery guns, tanks, and multiple
rocket-launchers. Many residential buildings and industrial
installations were destroyed on the occasion. Three civilians
were killed by shell fragments, and four more died in the city
hospital, while seventeen persons were seriously, and another six
persons slightly wounded. Among the killed was Tomica Belavic, a
journalist from Radio Karlovac. All of the killed and wounded
persons were civilians. The attack was launched from Serb
strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is under UNPROFOR
control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 11, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 3, title: "Cities Shelled by Hundreds of Mortars".
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
011 CROATIA - SISAK - September 10, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 10, 1993; 6:40; Sisak.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched a mortar attack on the Sisak area and the industrial
zone on the outskirts of Sisak from their strongholds in the
currently occupied Petrinja. There were no casualties, but
considerable damage was inflicted on the Sisak iron plant
facilities and residential buildings. The attack was launched
from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is under
UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North" (Petrinja).
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 11, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 3, title: "Cities Shelled by Hundreds of Mortars".
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
012 CROATIA - ZADAR - September 10, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 10, 1993; 7:00 p.m.; Zadar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
fired more than 40 mortars (in a 30 minute attack from 7:00 to
7:30 p.m.) on Zadar from their strongholds in the occupied Zadar
hinterland. Considerable damage was caused to residential
buildings and industrial installations, and one civilian was
wounded. The attack was launched from Serb strongholds in UNPA
zone "South". The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"South".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 11, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 3, title: "Cities Shelled by Hundreds of Mortars".
Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
013 CROATIA - GOSPIC - September 11, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 11, 1993; 10:30 a.m.; Gospic, Stari
Licki Osik, Vuksic.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched a mortar and an "Orkan" multiple rocket-launcher attack
on the city of Gospic and the villages of Stari Licki Osik and
Vuksic from their strongholds in the occupied Gospic district.
Two earth-to-earth rockets "Orkan" exploded around 2:30 p.m. Two
persons were wounded, and considerable damage was inflicted on
residential buildings and industrial installations. The attack
was launched from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "South". The
region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"South".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 12, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik", p.
3, title: "New Casualties and New Destruction". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
014 CROATIA - KARLOVAC - September 11, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 11, 1993; around 2:00 p.m.;
Karlovac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
fired more than 200 various projectiles on the southeast sections
of the city of Karlovac from their strongholds in Cerovac (cca 10
kilometres south of Karlovac), and Tusilovic (cca 15 kilometres
south of Karlovac). Many civilian objects were damaged. Two year
old Valentina Vlahovic was killed in the city. In the Karlovac
refugee centre "Gaza", projectiles damaged or destroyed several
prefab houses, and caused the death of two refugees (Stjepan
Sucec and Mile Zgela), while seven refugees were wounded: Ante
Saric (88 years old); Josip Saceric (36 years old); Fabijan
Bublic (67 years old); Fabijan Skrapina; Antun Sladic (25 years
old), Barica Brucic (83 years old); and Andjelka Vlahovic.
Danijel Rade was killed in Gradec 121 (an outlying housing
development near Karlovac). The attack was launched from Serb
strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is under UNPROFOR
control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 12, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik", p.
3, title: "New Casualties and New Destruction". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
015 CROATIA - ZAGREB - September 11, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 11, 1993; 7:00 p.m.; the village of
Lucko (an outlying housing development south of Zagreb).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In the explosion of long-range earth-
to-earth rocket "Luna" (NATO code: FROG-7), two civilians were
seriously and another nine slightly wounded. Considerable damage
was caused to residential buildings and industrial installations.
A projectile exploded in the front-yard of J. G.'s family house.
The attack was launched from Serb strongholds in the Vrginmost
area (UNPA zone). The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
EVIDENCE: Photographs of destroyed residential buildings and
industrial installations. Photographs currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 12, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik", p.
3, title: "Luna in the Zagreb Front-Yard". Document currently
kept in the archives of the Department.
NOTE: The rocket's war-head weighs 420 kilos. In the mid-
seventies (1975), the former YPA purchased enough war-heads to
arm a brigade and use them to form a strategic net with the main
base located around Banja Luka. The number of rockets fired at
various targets to date is larger that the number of rockets that
were initially purchased in Moscow; the Serb forces must have
purchased at least another shipment. The earth-to-earth rockets
"Luna" (FROG-7) "are intended for wide-range attacks on the
enemy". Considering the way that they were employed in this
attack, their target and launching time, it is obvious that they
were intended to inflict considerable damage on civilian objects
in the city of Zagreb.
016 CROATIA - SUNJA - September 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 12, 1993; Sunja (cca 30 kilometres
southeast of Sisak).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched an artillery attack on the civilian population and
civilian properties of the town of Sunja from their strongholds
in the occupied district of Hrvatska Kostajnica. The attack was
launched from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region
is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 14, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 7, title: "They Waited for the Departure of General
Cot". Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
017 CROATIA - SAMOBOR
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 12, 1993; 8:01 a.m.; Samobor (cca 20
kilometres west of Zagreb).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
fired four earth-to-earth "Orkan" rockets charged with so-called
"bells", from their strongholds in the occupied villages of
Stipan and Trepca (cca 45 kilometres south of Zagreb - right bank
of Kupa River). In the explosion of "bells" Alojz Lastovcic (72
years old) was seriously, and Josip Vranekovic (52 years old) and
Igor Bertovic (21 year old) slightly wounded. Several family
houses were damaged. The earth-to-earth "Orkan" rockets were
fired from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is
under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 13, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 2, titles: "The Wounded Brought to Safety", and
"'Lunas' and 'Orkans' Took Turns". Document currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
018 CROATIA - JASTREBARSKO - September 12, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 12, 1993; 8:00 a.m.; Jastrebarsko
(cca 30 kilometres southwest of Zagreb).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serbian paramilitary units
fired three earth-to-earth "Orkan" rockets charged with so-called
"bells", from their strongholds in the occupied villages of
Stipan and Trepca (cca 45 kilometres south of Zagreb - right bank
of Kupa River). During the explosion of "bells" Ivan Zoretic (33
years old) and Barica Rodic (49 years old) were seriously, and
Stjepan Vuksan (56 years old) was slightly wounded. Several
family houses and personal vehicles were damaged. The earth-to-
earth rockets were fired from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone
"North". The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS:Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 13, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 2, titles: "The Wounded Brought to Safety", and
"'Lunas' and 'Orkans' Took Turns". Document currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
NOTE: Earth-to-earth "Orkan" rockets are charged with 240
fragments that are called "bells". During an explosion, the
"bells" separate from the cassette body of the rocket and fall on
a wide surface. It is estimated that some 80% of "bells" do not
explode when they fall, but are activated later by a touch. They
are anti-personnel explosive devices.
019 CROATIA - IVANIC-GRAD - September 12, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 12, 1993; around 1:30 p.m.; Ivanic-
Grad (cca 35 kilometres east of Zagreb).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
stationed in the occupied area (right bank of Kupa River) fired
at least one earth-to-earth "Orkan" rocket from the multiple
rocket-launcher "Orkan" (charged with so-called "bells"). Mirjana
Galic was killed, five persons were seriously, and another three
slightly wounded in the explosion of the "bells". The explosion
caused considerable damage, including the damage on many family
houses, industrial installations, and personal vehicles. The
mortars were fired from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "North".
The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 13, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 1, title: "Death at Lunch Time". September 13, 1993
issue of "Vjesnik", p. 2, title: "It Seemed Like It Thundered For
Hours". Documents currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
020 CROATIA - KUTINA - September 12, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 12, 1993; around 1:40 p.m.; Kutina
(cca 65 kilometres southeast of Zagreb).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units,
stationed in the occupied area (southeast of Sisak) fired at
least one earth-to-earth rocket from the multiple rocket-
launcher, "Orkan", (charged with so-called "bells"). Three
persons were slightly wounded, and several family houses and
personal vehicles were considerably damaged. The earth-to-earth
rockets were fired from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "North".
The region is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 13, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik", p.
2, title: "Bells Fall on Kutina". Document currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
021 CROATIA - OTOCAC - September 12, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 12, 1993; 6:37 a.m.; Otocac (cca 50
kilometres northwest of Gospic).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
shelled the Otocac area from their strongholds in the occupied
villages of Glavace (cca 5 kilometres north of Otocac), Podum and
Zaluznica (east of Otocac). They fired heavy artillery guns,
mortars, howitzers, and an anti-aircraft 30 mm gun charged with
exploding bullets. The shelling lasted until 1:30 p.m. Over 200
projectiles were fired on the town. One person was killed, and
another two seriously wounded by shell fragments. The attack was
launched from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region
is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 13, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik", pp.
2 and 3, title: "'Orkans' Launched on Samobor, Kutina and Ivanic-
Grad". Document currently kept in the archives of the Department.
022 CROATIA - PAKRAC - September 13, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 13, 1993; 9:40 a.m.; Karlovac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
stationed in the southeast occupied region of the Karlovac
district launched an attack with mortars, heavy artillery guns,
howitzers and rockets on Karlovac and its surroundings. More than
450 projectiles were fired on the city. Three persons were killed
and another eight wounded. The projectiles were fired from Serb
strongholds in UNPA zone "North". The region is under UNPROFOR
control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"North".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 14, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", pp. 4 and 5, title: "A Cease-Fire With Guns". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
023 CROATIA -GOSPIC - September 13, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 13, 1993; 1:45 p.m.; Gospic.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched an artillery attack on the town of Gospic and outlying
housing developments from their strongholds in the east occupied
section of the Gospic district. Several projectiles were fired on
the town until 5:00 p.m. One civilian was killed, and another
nine civilians were wounded in the explosions. The attack was
launched from Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "South". The region
is under UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"South".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 14, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 6, title: "One Killed, Nine Wounded". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
024 CROATIA - ZADAR - September 13, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 13, 1993; around 8:00 p.m.; Zadar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units
launched a heavy artillery attack on Zadar from their strongholds
in the occupied Zadar hinterland. One civilian was killed, and
another three civilians were seriously wounded. A two year old
child was among the wounded. The attack was launched from Serb
strongholds in UNPA zone "South". The region is under UNPROFOR
control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"South".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 14, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 7, title: "One Resident of Zadar Killed and a Two Year
Old Child Wounded" Document currently kept in the archives of the
Department.
025 CROATIA - SIBENIK - September 13, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 13, 1993; Pirovac (cca 25 kilometres
west of Sibenik).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary units,
stationed in the occupied villages of Cicvare and Medare (cca 20
kilometres northwest of Pirovac), fired six earth-to-earth
rockets on Pirovac from the multiple rocket-launcher "Oganj". One
civilian was slightly wounded by a shell fragment. Several family
houses were considerably damaged. The attack was launched from
Serb strongholds in UNPA zone "South". The region is under
UNPROFOR control.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units in UNPA zone
"South".
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: September 14, 1993 issue of "Vecernji
list", p. 7, title: "Fire From Tanks and Mortars". Document
currently kept in the archives of the Department.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 1992; Dragalovci (southeast of Prnjavor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The Catholic parish church (built in
1987) was seriously damaged and looted. The rectory (built in
1975) was looted and devastated. The region is not a part of the
immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs and Serb self-proclaimed local
authorities.
Rastislav
> the
> > > right to secede from Yugoslavia but also such decision was not possible
> > > without the consensus under Yugoslavia, so that the secession was done
> > > against the constitution of Yugoslavia.
> >
> > It is very clear: Slovenia had right to secede and had not right to
> > secede from ex Yu. :-)))
>
>
> Right. That is a matter of conditions. Very simple.
>
>
> > > That was a sort of crime I would
> > > say.
> >
> > You may say whatever you want. And I am proud to say that I voted
> > (along to 90 % of inhabitants of SLOVEnia) for independence
> > (referendum on December 23 1990).
>
>
> Then why 99% Gibraltarians who recently voted in the referendum do not have
> right to secede from GB?.
You are wrong. 99% of Gibraltarians do not want to secede from the
United Kingdom. If they liked to do it, Britain would give Gibraltar
to Spain.
>
> > >Second, Milan Kucan would not dare to secede without support from
> > > Germany. The secession was also a crime according to the Helsinki
> Convention
> > > which stated no border of any state in Europe shell be changed otherwise
> > > than peacefully through negotiations.
> >
> > But what happens when the other side does not want to negotiate?
>
>
> When there is no consensus no decision is to be made. On the other hand
> Serbia was willing to let Slovenia go but Slovenia rather committed an
> aggression on Yugoslavia then went peacefully.
Yes it was a terrible Slovenian agression on YU tanks which attacked
us.
>That is a reason I believe
> the secession was ordered by Germans.
Really? OK. However what is wrong with Germany today? England and
France were in many wars from 1066 until Napoleon s wars, but now they
are allies.
> President Kucan was at his young age
> forced to live Slovenia by Germans and was hosted by Serbs. The aggression
> on Yugoslavia was his thanks.
Really? Kucan is from Prekmurje which was occupied by Hungarians. Your
story stands on weak legs.
> > >Moreover I believe that Germany
> > > initiated everything and the bill will come to Slovenia for it.
> >
> > Of course, you were in all times innocent victims and other were
> > guilty for all your faults. Grow up and stop selfpity. You still live
> > in the first half of the 20 Century. And if it will not come (I mean
> > that bill)? You will be probably very sad.
> >
> > Respectfully,
> >
> > Rastislav
>
> You will not believe me but I live in third millennium.
Congratulations. Than look forward.
>The rest of the
> world lives in the Middle Ages. Aggression on Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq
> and tomorrow on who knows what proves it. Don't worry, you will be chosen to
> fight for your masters there or maybe in Stalingrad or Beijing. You do not
> have any other choice, democracy rules the world and nobody will ask you
> anything.
Oh, oh, you are exaggerating.
Bye, :-)))
Rasto
ljiljak
2. Never said that
3. Not true, they came at the very and of the war, to help with liberation
of Belgrade, Srem... If they did helped us, as you think, they would stay
here at the end of the war, as they did in Bulgaria, Romania, Hungaria,
Poland...
"Anes Sadikovic" <asa...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:bdaca18a.0211...@posting.google.com...
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful arrests and imprisonment
of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991; 3:00 p.m.; Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A group of men (five or six) armed
with automatic guns, and dressed in YPA uniforms, arrested two
civilians (father and son), and took them along with a large
group of arrested civilians towards the so-called "Wooden Market"
(on Svapsko Brdo). After that they transferred them by trucks and
buses to "Velepromet" storehouses, near the YPA barracks in
Vukovar. YPA soldiers separated prisoners according to their sex
(male/female) and nationality (Croatian/Serb). Men were locked
inside of sheet iron storehouses fenced with barbed wire.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - SLUNJ - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Glinsko Vrelo (cca 5 kilometres north of
Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA members openly helped Serb
paramilitary formations during the attack on the police station
at Plitvice Lakes. After that, they shelled (with large calibre
howitzers) and destroyed the Croatian village of Glinsko Vrelo.
Shells were fired from the Serb populated Cvijetnic Brdo (air
space approximately 2 kilometres from the village of Glinsko
Vrelo). In the same manner, members of Serb paramilitary
formations and YPA soldiers destroyed and burnt down residential
and farm buildings in the village of Hrvatski Blagaj. During the
attack on Glinsko Vrelo, five civilians were killed by shell
fragments, while a woman and several children were wounded. YPA
members from the YPA training centre "Zbjeg" in Slunj
participated in the attack on the Croatian residents in the Slunj
district.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb armed paramilitary formations; YPA
members from the military centre "Zbjeg" in Slunj, led by a YPA
colonel (Macedonian).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA/B-H - SLUNJ/KLJUC - November 16, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 16, 1991; Slunj (Croatia)/Kljuc (B-
H).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On the morning of November 16, 1991,
most of the civilian residents in the Slunj district withdrew
towards Cazin (Bosnia-Herzegovina) to escape an armed attack by
members of Serb paramilitary units, and YPA soldiers that was
launched on the town of Slunj and the surrounding Croat populated
villages. From Cazin, the civilian residents of the Slunj
district drove towards Dalmatia in eighteen buses. YPA members
and members of the so-called SAO militia (from Croatia) stopped
the convoy in the town of Kljuc (B-H). They separated 180 men
from the convoy according to the list given to them by a certain
Djuro (a militiaman from the village of Brocanac, near Rakovica,
Croatia). 180 imprisoned Croatian civilians were taken in buses
and YPA trucks to the Stara Gradiska prison (Croatia).
PERPETRATORS: Members of irregular SAO militia (Croatia); YPA
members from Kljuc (B-H); a member of SAO militia called Djuro
(from the village of Brocanci, near Rakovica, Croatia).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 B-H - MOSTAR - May 28, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment of civilians to a
concentration camp.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 28, 1992; Mostar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs in YPA uniforms arrested
two Croatian civilians near shelter no. 2 in Zalik (urban
district of Mostar), and took them to the so-called North Camp.
Among the captured civilians, a witness recognised L. P. and a
certain S. The captured civilians were transferred to the Bileca
camp the following day. Three YPA soldiers escorted the prisoners
to Bileca: Kondic (whose brother is a policeman in the North
Camp), Markovic (cafe proprietor in Zilak), and another man
unknown to the witness. The commander of the Bileca camp was a
YPA officer (ensign by military rank). His deputy was a Serb
called Bosnjak, nicknamed "Bole". Upon arriving to the Bileca
camp, the witness found 60 or 70 prisoners there. Serbs brought
in groups of 30 to 50 prisoners on a regular basis.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members from Mostar and Bileca, among whom
were: brothers Kondic, Matkovic (cafe proprietor from Zilak,
Mostar), and Bosnjak nicknamed "Bole".
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
009 B-H - PRIJEDOR - July 4, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful internment to camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 4, 1992; village of Matrici (cca 10
kilometres east of Prijedor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On July 4, 1992, the following armed
Serb civilians arrested a witness and interned him to the Omarska
camp: Bosko Vucenovic, Jovan Miskovic, and an unknown person. At
the entrance to Omarska, five camp guards battered the witness
with police batons, and kicked him with boots. They took all the
money he had. Upon his arrival to the Omarska camp, the witness
estimated that 1,500 persons were imprisoned there. A couple of
days after his arrival, he was interrogated by the inspectors
Ratko Milosavljevic and Dragan Radakovic (both Serbs).
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb civilians: Bosko Vucenovic, Jovan
Miskovic; guards in the Omarska camp; inspectors Ratko
Milosavljevic, and Dragan Radakovic.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
010 B-H - LJUBIJA - May 23, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 23, 1992; 9:00 a.m.; village of Kalajevo
(cca 3 kilometres northeast of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: 10 armed Serbs in uniforms arrived in
front of the witness' house. They wore flak-jackets. They were
led by Miroslav Paras (Serb). They demanded the witness, who was
a reserve policeman, to surrender his automatic gun and 150
bullets. He obeyed their order. That same day, the aforementioned
armed group arrested three Croatian civilians in the village of
Kalajevo: S. T., D. T., and I. H. The prisoners were taken in the
direction of Prijedor. On the following day, S. T. and D. T. were
returned home, while I. H.'s whereabouts is yet unknown. S. T.
and D. T. said that he was taken to the Omarska camp after having
been interrogated in the Prijedor police station. Serb guards
told the witness that the arrests of civilians were ordered by
Slobodan Taranjac, Momcilo Djuric, Miodrag Glusac, and Rade
Bilbija.
PERPETRATORS: Miroslav Paras, Slobodan Taranjac, Momcilo Djuric,
Miodrag Glusac, and Rade Bilbija.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
011 B-H - LJUBIJA - June 10, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 10, 1992; village of Kalajevo (cca 3
kilometres northeast of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed Serbs dressed in uniforms
arrested the witness in his house, and drove him in a lorry to
the "Rudar" stadium in Ljubija. Here he was locked up in a
locker-room with another six prisoners: A. A. from the village of
Agici (Muslim); and Z. B., P. B., M. M., Z. M. and J. M. from the
village of Kalajevo (all Croats). After being imprisoned in
Ljubija for five days, the witness was transferred to Omarska.
Guards at the entrance to the Omarska camp (Milojica Kos
nicknamed "Krle", and a certain "Miki") took away his personal
documents and money, and physically maltreated him.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serbs in uniforms (from Ljubija), Milojica
Kos nicknamed "Krle", and a man nicknamed "Miki".
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 B-H/CROATIA - MANJACA/KNIN - October 20, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Inhumane treatment, torture and
physical maltreatment of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 20, 1992; Manjaca/Knin.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On October 20, 1992, guards held a
roll-call of all Croatian prisoners in the Manjaca concentration
camp, and placed them on buses. The convoy departed towards Knin.
The guards kept saying that they were going to a prisoner
exchange. Shortly after their departure, the armed escorts gave
the prisoners a fistful of salt, and forced them to swallow it.
Then they took away water canisters. The road to Knin is some 180
kilometres long. Since the exchange was unsuccessful, the
prisoners were taken to the Knin prison where they were supposed
to spend the night. During the night, the prison guards, unknown
civilians, drunks, and their escorts maltreated them (beat them,
forced them to lick the floor in the restroom, to copulate in
each other's mouths, to sing Chetnik songs, etc). The following
morning, the prisoners were returned to the Manjaca concentration
camp.
PERPETRATORS: Armed escorts; guards in the Knin prison; anonymous
drunken civilians from Knin.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 B-H - STARA GRADISKA - November 18, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment to camps; inhumane
treatment and infliction of bodily harm to prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 18, 1991; Stara Gradiska prison.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Groups of 50 prisoners were locked up
in 6x5 m rooms. They slept on the bare floor. During the first
fifteen days, members of the irregular SAO militia battered
prisoners with police batons, and fists, and kicked them. An
imprisoned Croatian villager of Rakovica (40 years old) was
beaten to death. He died two or three days after his arrest
(November 21, 1991). Dane Benicki (57 years old, Croat) was
severely beaten on several occasions. Doctors had to clean his
lungs from infectious secretion, and his liver failed. M. R. from
Glinsko Vrelo tried to escape from the camp, but the guards fired
at his legs, and beat him. His whereabouts are yet unknown. The
witness is deaf in one ear, due to having been severely beaten.
Four days after the witness' arrival to the camp, members of the
irregular SAO militia tried to send a group of twenty prisoners
to the Manjaca camp (the prisoners had previously been severely
beaten; guards broke limbs of some of them), but the ICRC members
caught them on the way, took over the prisoners, and transferred
them to Bugojno (B-H), and from there to Zagreb.
PERPETRATORS: Members of irregular SAO militia.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 B-H - PRIJEDOR - July 4 to August 6, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment of
prisoners; killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 4 to August 6, 1992; Omarska
concentration camp (east of Prijedor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: During the day, prisoners had to lie
on the tarmac surface called "Pista" ("Track"), face down, on
their stomachs. During his stay in the camp, the witness saw
guards and investigators beat prisoners to death. The guards in
Omarska were predominately Serb villagers of Omarska. There were
three guard shifts whose supervisors were persons nicknamed
"Krle", "Ckalja" and "Brk". The commander of all camp guards was
Zeljko Mladic. Prisoners suffered from malnutrition. They
received only one meal a day. Guards gave them two minutes to
finish their meal. Groups of 30 prisoners were taken to the camp
canteen.
PERPETRATORS: Camp guards in Omarska, under the direct
supervision of men nicknamed "Krle", "Ckalja", and "Brk"; Zeljko
Mladic, commander of all guards in the Omarska concentration
camp.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
005 B-H - OMARSKA/MANJACA - August 6, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Inhumane treatment of prisoners in
camps; killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 6, 1992; Omarska and Manjaca
concentrations camps (northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On August 6, 1992, some camp prisoners
in Omarska were loaded on 18 or 19 buses. There were
approximately 80 prisoners in each bus. Prisoners sat and stood,
squeezed together. As a result of the high daily temperature
(over 30oC in the shade), it was extremely hot in the buses.
However, armed guards did not allow prisoners to open the
windows. All buses departed towards the Manjaca concentration
camp. Armed guards beat prisoners during the entire ride. They
arrived in the Manjaca camp late at night. Armed escorts took
several prisoners off the bus that the witness was on, and killed
them. Dedo Crnalic was among the killed. In the morning, the
guards took prisoners inside the camp, and locked them in sheds.
PERPETRATORS: Prisoner convoy escorts.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
006 B-H - PRIJEDOR - June 15, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment of
prisoners; killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 15th to August 6th, 1992; Omarska
concentration camp (cca 17 kilometres east of Prijedor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Upon his arrival to the Omarska camp,
the witness was locked up in a garage, along with another 65
civilians. The prisoners were frequently interrogated.
Investigators and camp guards beat them during interrogations
with various metal and wooden objects and fists, and kicked them
with their boots. Night roll-calls were a regular thing, and the
called prisoners never returned to their cells. On one evening,
at the end of July 1992, camp guards called 44 prisoners among
whom was Drago Matanovic, a Croat from the village of Kalajevo.
Camp guards said that they were taking them for a prisoner
exchange near Bihac. The witness claims that some 3,000 prisoners
were killed in the Omarska concentration camp during his stay
there. Most of them were beaten to death, and a few of them were
shot. Among the persons who were beaten to death were Drago
Petrovic from the village of Gornja Ravska (Croat, member of the
Croatian Democratic Union of B-H); Jozo Maracic from Prijedor
(Croat, member of the Croatian Democratic Union of B-H); Silvije
Saric from Prijedor (Croat, member of the Croatian Democratic
Union of B-H). M. T. and M. T. from Gornji Volar endured
especially brutal treatment. The prisoners were maltreated by the
following persons: Momcilo Grubor, Milojica Kos nicknamed "Krle",
and a certain Miodragovic.
PERPETRATORS: Momcilo Grubor; Milojica Kos nicknamed "Krle", a
certain Miodragovic.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
007 SERBIA - BEGEJCI - October 16, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture, and inhumane treatment,
killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 16, 1991 to December 10, 1991; Begejci
camp (a former bull farm turned into a concentration camp).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Prisoners were kept in sheds 55 metres
long, and 10.5 metres wide. Sheds were fenced with two rows of
barbed wire fastened on wooden posts. Upon his arrival to the
camp, a witness found civilians from the villages of Svinjarevac,
Berak, and Orolik (villages in eastern Croatia). Some of them
were brought to the Begejci camp on October 3, 1991. Until
November 20, 1991, 387 or 367 persons were imprisoned in the
camp. Another 175 prisoners were brought after the YPA and
Serbian paramilitary units occupied Vukovar. On December 10,
1991, the witness was exchanged on the Bosanski Samac-Slavonski
Samac bridge. 90% of the prisoners were civilians. They were
questioned by the YPA military police. YPA military police
reservists maltreated the prisoners. They would come at 3:00 a.m.
and beat prisoners, force them to sing Chetnik songs. Prisoners
were taken to perform hard labour (they hewed trees in the
woods). Sometimes, certain individuals did not return from the
woods. The YPA military police would come to the shed and take
away his things. A man from Borovo (who used to be a driver in
the "Medika" company) was killed in this way. Young women dressed
in YPA uniforms forced prisoners to write their biographies and
various confessions. Bodies of killed prisoners were taken away
in a Red Cross vehicle that resembled refrigerator lorries.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the YPA military police in the Begejci
camp.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL, AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 3, 1993; Bijelo Polje.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Heart of Jesus Catholic Church was
burnt down on May 3, 1993. The rectory and parish priest's office
were severely damaged on several occasions during 1992 and 1993.
Fransciscan convent was burnt down in April 1992.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serbian armed formations.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 1992; Gradac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Mary's Assumption Catholic Church was
burnt down in May 1992.
PERPETRATORS: YU-Army members.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 1992; Gradina.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Peter's Filiation Church in
Biletici was burnt down in May 1992. Catholic Parish Church in
Gradina was repeatedly damaged during 1992.
PERPETRATORS: YU-Army members.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 9, 1993; Mostar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Peter and Paul Catholic Church was
burnt down on May 9, 1993. Bishopric was burnt down on May 6/7,
1992.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serbian armed formations.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
005 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 11, 1992; Mostar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Mother of Churches Cathedral has been
shelled many times since February 11, 1992, and ultimately
destroyed. Bishopric was repeatedly damaged during 1992, and
1993. Catholic filiation church in Miljkovici was damaged in May
1992; while the Catholic filiation churches in Orlac and Cim were
repeatedly damaged during 1992.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
006 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: Early October 1991; Ravno.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Mary's Birth Catholic Church and the
rectory were burnt down in the early October, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
007 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: April 1992; Stjepan Krst.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Local Catholic parish church was burnt
down in April 1992. Rectory was burnt down in June 1992.
PERPETRATORS: YU-Army members.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
008 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 1992; Domanovici.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Rectory and a local convent were burnt
down in June 1992. St. Joseph the Labourer Catholic Church was
set on fire and in part burnt in June 1992.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serbian armed formations.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
009 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: Early October 1991; Trebimlja.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Mary's Assumption Catholic Church was
severely damaged, and the rectory was burnt down in early
October, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
010 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1992; Capljina.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Belfry on St. Francis Catholic Church
was severely damaged.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serbian armed formations.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
011 B-H - MOSTAR DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: April 5, 1992; Krusevo.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Elias the Prophet Catholic Church
was severely damaged on April 5, 1992, and on several occasions
following that incident.
PERPETRATORS: YU-Army members.
EVIDENCE: Mostar Diocese Ordinariate report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
YPA - YUGOSLAVE PEOPLE'S ARMY
> http://ds.dial.pipex.com/srebrenica.justice
> http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
> http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
> http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/20000621/novosti3.htm
>
> "Molim Vas, nemojte nas vise spasavati!"
>
> http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
> http://www.hkz.hr/Hrvatsko_slovo/2001/317/t26.htm
Daniel
secede, my people decided that this is the best way. Crime or not our
decision was not supported by anybody not Germany or anybody else (it
actually was opposite). Only thing that Germany did was to recognize our
borders later on, and this was done against payment (not very known fact but
I was high enough in military ranks to be informed about this). In any case
Slovenian people were attacked by Yugoslav Army and THIS WAS A CRIME and
this showed us that we did the right thing.
"Aleksandar Sarovic" <aleks...@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:3FyE9.2218$l45.4...@news20.bellglobal.com...
Daniel
army,
you are mixing facts. Aggression was made on Slovenia actually on Slovenian
civilians because there was no Slovenian army there was no force that
Yugoslav army could attack.
Yugoslav army planed and executed attack on Slovenia from inside and outside
Slovenian borders.
"Aleksandar Sarovic" <aleks...@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:9xSE9.6062$l45.6...@news20.bellglobal.com...
Kenta
in Yugoslav affairs, say interpreters of Yu Constitution etc. Your statement
"SERBIA WAS WILLING" is self explanatory concerning your impartiality.
Ask yourself what was Slovenia willing, as well as Macedonia,
Bosnia & Hercegovina, Croatia, half of Montenegro,
three quarters of Vojvodina, Kosovo. Then write nonsense about Germans.
Have a nice day,
mkl
-------------------------------------
Homo sapiens non urinat in ventum !
CARPE DIEM
-------------------------------------
"Aleksandar Sarovic" <aleks...@sympatico.ca> wrote in message
news:9xSE9.6062$l45.6...@news20.bellglobal.com...
| On the other hand Serbia was willing to let Slovenia go but Slovenia
Anes Sadikovic
>
> > President Kucan was at his young age
> > forced to live Slovenia by Germans and was hosted by Serbs. The aggression
> > on Yugoslavia was his thanks.
>
> Really? Kucan is from Prekmurje which was occupied by Hungarians. Your
> story stands on weak legs.
>
At one of the meetings of Cetnral Commitee of Yugoslav Communists
before the last congress, one delegate from Serbia asked Milan Kucan
if he knew how many Serbian fathers died to liberate Slovenia. Kucan
did not answer. Then I read in Sarjevan Oslobodjenje that Kucan did
not say anything because he was just polite but the fact was that his
own father had died as a partisan in a battle to liberate a city in
Serbia (I don't remember if they said Nis, Kragujevac, or some other
city). I've never read anything about that afterword. Does anybody
know anything about that?
Anes
Aleksandar Sarovic
> Let me make couple off thing clear. I don't care if we had a right or not
to
> secede, my people decided that this is the best way. Crime or not our
> decision was not supported by anybody not Germany or anybody else (it
> actually was opposite). Only thing that Germany did was to recognize our
> borders later on, and this was done against payment (not very known fact
but
> I was high enough in military ranks to be informed about this). In any
case
> Slovenian people were attacked by Yugoslav Army and THIS WAS A CRIME and
> this showed us that we did the right thing.
First you said you do not care whether you had right or not to secede from
Yugoslavia what sounds like a bandit mentality. And when JFA tried to
protect its territory according to constitution that was a crime. You people
have been thoroughly brainwashed so that you cannot even recognized a simple
logic any more.
Aleksandar Sarovic
Aleksandar Sarovic
"Rastislav" <ras...@lycos.com> wrote
>
> You are wrong. 99% of Gibraltarians do not want to secede from the
> United Kingdom. If they liked to do it, Britain would give Gibraltar
> to Spain.
Well I listened the report very briefly so that I made mistake. But anyway
where is a Palestinian, Corsican, Baskian, Kashmirian, Californian,
Chechnyan right to secede?
> Yes it was a terrible Slovenian agression on YU tanks which attacked
> us.
>
> >That is a reason I believe
> > the secession was ordered by Germans.
When you change the border of Yugoslavia by force what means against the
will of people that lived in Yugoslavia that is an aggression without matter
you did not have tanks.
> Really? OK. However what is wrong with Germany today? England and
> France were in many wars from 1066 until Napoleon s wars, but now they
> are allies.
Germany like any other powerful country around the world like to dominate as
much as possible out of its borders. In short that means wars are not just
questions of history.
> > President Kucan was at his young age
> > forced to live Slovenia by Germans and was hosted by Serbs. The
aggression
> > on Yugoslavia was his thanks.
>
> Really? Kucan is from Prekmurje which was occupied by Hungarians. Your
> story stands on weak legs.
I doubt it.
> >The rest of the
> > world lives in the Middle Ages. Aggression on Yugoslavia, Afghanistan,
Iraq
> > and tomorrow on who knows what proves it. Don't worry, you will be
chosen to
> > fight for your masters there or maybe in Stalingrad or Beijing. You do
not
> > have any other choice, democracy rules the world and nobody will ask you
> > anything.
>
> Oh, oh, you are exaggerating.
>
> Bye, :-)))
>
> Rasto
You do not know that all of the NATO members countries has committed the
aggression on Yugoslavia. Their solders are in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and
who knows where they will be. You think Slovenia is going to be an
exception? Sorry, they love solders they do not need to pay. Do you believe
they gave your "sovereignty" because they love Slovenians or they might had
some selfish interests? I bet on the second case. Most of the Slovenian
companies would hardly be competitive on the open market. Well that would be
the problem with global capitalism any way. Also in 50 years the Slovenian
language might not be spoken any more. I do not have a crystal ball but I
know for sure nothing good can be built on low moral that created the
"independent" Slovenia.
--
Aleksandar Sarovic
Aleksandar Sarovic
news:I99F9.936$tQ1....@news.siol.net...
> Now, Aleksandar, who the hell gave the Serbs right to be arbitrators
> in Yugoslav affairs, say interpreters of Yu Constitution etc. Your
statement
> "SERBIA WAS WILLING" is self explanatory concerning your impartiality.
> Ask yourself what was Slovenia willing, as well as Macedonia,
> Bosnia & Hercegovina, Croatia, half of Montenegro,
> three quarters of Vojvodina, Kosovo. Then write nonsense about Germans.
> Have a nice day,
> mkl
> -------------------------------------
> Homo sapiens non urinat in ventum !
> CARPE DIEM
> -------------------------------------
Well, If Serbia was willing to accept the sovereignty of Slovenia that means
the Serbia was not against it. If other peoples where willing to do the same
what I believe would be correct statement then Slovenia was able to secede
peacefully through negotiations. Please tell me why did Slovenia chose
secession by force?
Aleksandar Sarovic
Daniel
If majority of people (more then 90%) decide to do something then this is
democracy and if you like to call this a bandit mentality then be it, but
figures today(GDP, corruption, crime rate etc) speak for them self's, who in
ex Yugoslavia has a bandit mentality and who does not. For a second thing,
it was not a Yugoslav federal army but Yugoslav peoples army at let me say
what are the last words off oath given when I joined army, I will protect
all nations of Yugoslavia and in this battle I'm prepared to give my life.
Also in constitution states that Yugoslav peoples army can not and must not
be used in any internal affairs, so actions of army were against
constitution. Army never had any jurisdiction in internal affairs and it was
never allowed to apprehend act or do absolutely anything against any
citizen.
Aleksandar Sarovic
Well you are right, 90% of the people in Yugoslavia were never asked the
question whether 90% people of Slovenia may brake Yugoslavia or not. That
was actually a lack of democracy. And your oath said much more, for example
you were supposed to protect sovereignty, integrity, independence,
brotherhood and neighbourhood of Yugoslavia and I have forgotten what else.
Obviously you did not do it and you are still alive:-).
I have never heard that any constitutive act may state negative statements
in sense what somebody is not supposed to do. The statements are always
affirmative and JFA what is the English translation for JNA, was obligated
to protect everything I mentioned above and more.
Aleksandar Sarovic
Barry Marjanovich
> http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
> http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
002 B-H - LJUBIJA - July 24/25, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians; rapes.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 24/25, 1992; village of Brisevo (cca 4
kilometres south of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of "6th Krajina Brigade"
attacked the Croat populated village of Brisevo. L. I., mother of
four girls (6-12 years of age) was killed by fragments of a
mortar shell. A soldier (fair hair, with black gloves, he carried
a wooden club) ordered six Croat civilians to take picks and
shovels, and to follow him. He ordered them to dig a large hole
in a nearby field. After they finished digging, Serbian soldiers
brought two women and forced them to watch them kill civilians.
Luka Mlinar was killed with a pick. Milan Ivandic was first
castrated, and then killed with a wooden club. Pejo Ivandic, and
Stipo Ivandic were also killed with a wooden club. All six Croats
were buried in a common grave. A witness gives the names of
killed Croat civilians that he saw: Miro Buzuk (father's name
Mato), Vlado Buzuk (father's name Mato), Srecko Ivandic, Ivo
Lovric, Srecko Buzuk, Milan Buzuk (cut up with knives), Mato
Buzuk, Ivica Buzuk, Marko Buzuk (beaten with clubs, then set on
fire), Kata Bujadilo (killed with a knife), the entire family of
Luka Komljen (5 persons), the entire families of Srecko and Stipe
Ivandic (6 persons). Lj. M., N. M., and R. I. were raped.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the "6th Krajina Brigade" from Sanski
Most, Serbs from the village of Rasavci and Ostra Luka, among
whom were Mirko Jeftic and Pero Jeftic; Croats from the village
of Raljas - Marko Mlinar nicknamed "Ceri", and Ante Dimac
(father's name Nedo).
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recordings of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - 1991-1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Wounding and killing of children
under 17 years of age.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 1st, 1991 to June 4th, 1993; the Republic
of Croatia.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Over 3% of the wounded and over 6% of
the killed of the total number of war victims in the Republic of
Croatia are children under 17 years of age. In the war initiated
by Serbia and Montenegro, along with the former YPA, against
Croatia, 166 children were killed in the period between July 1,
1991, and June 4, 1993, while 698 of them were wounded. These
numbers only cover the registered and documented cases. Children,
regardless of age, suffered from the consequence of arms and war
destruction. Pre-school children (0-6 years old) make up 19% of
the killed children, and 16% of the wounded. That means that 31
pre-school children were killed, and 111 were wounded. School
children (7-14 years old) make up 39% of the killed, and 44% of
the wounded children. 64 school children were killed and 313 were
wounded. Teenagers (14 to 17 years old) make up 42% of the
killed, and 40% of the wounded children. 71 teenagers were
killed, and 254 were wounded. 43 children will remain invalids.
70% of the killed and 73% of the wounded children were boys.
Children suffered in almost all parts of Croatia. Over 90% of the
killed, and over 80% of the wounded children were victims of
various arms: injures were caused by heavy artillery projectiles;
explosions of mortar, tank, artillery guns and other shells;
multiple rocket launchers; air-raids or air-strikes; employment
of cluster bombs, 250-500 kilo bombs; "Luna" earth-to-earth
rockets (FROG-7), etc.
PERPETRATORS: YPA; volunteers from Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Montenegro, and the Serbian minority in Croatia; numerous
paramilitary or irregular police formations, mostly party bound,
such as "Beli Orlovi" (military members of the Serbian Radical
Party led by Vojislav Seselj), "Arkanovci" (Arkan's unit, led by
Zeljko Raznjatovic Arkan, and "Srpska Garda" ("Serbian Guard" of
the Serbian Reformation Party, led by Vuk Draskovic).
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report from the Institute for Mothers and
Children Protection, Medical Statistics and Epidemology Dept.,
June 7, 1993, currently kept in the archives of the Centre.
NOTE: 416 children are registered as missing with the Croatian
Red Cross.
005 B-H - BOSANSKI BROD - March 28, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: March 28, 1992; village of Donja Vrela (cca 14
kilometres southeast of Bosanski Brod).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Armed soldiers in YPA uniforms
occupied the village of Donja Vrela. Among them were: Goran
Vukman (father's name Slobodan), Djordje Sljuka (father's name
Zarko), Vid Sljuka (father's name Zarko) who worked as a postman
in Vinska, Goran Jakovljevic, Zoran Jakovljevic, Slobodan
Jakovljevic, Josip Vujic, Zoran Vujic, and Zoran Calar (who
graduated from the military academy) - all are from the village
of Donja Vrela. The majority of the population in Donja Vrela
were Croats. The YPA soldiers were stationed in the centre of the
village, and they frequently searched Croat owned houses, and
maltreated Croats while allegedly looking for arms. Some Croats
were terrorized in order to force them to leave their homes. The
Serbs threatened that all of Croats who did not surrender their
arms would be taken to Lijesce (near Bosanski Brod) and detained
there. On April 25, 1992, (Orthodox Easter) an armed group of
Serb villagers of Donja Vrela, led by Goran Vukman, fired from
automatic guns on the witness' house for some 20 minutes. They
did not stop until YPA soldiers arrived. The house is
considerably damaged.
PERPETRATORS: Soldiers dressed in YPA uniforms, among whom were:
Goran Vukman (father's name Slobodan); Djordje Sljuka (father's
name Zarko) who worked as a postman in Vinska; Goran Jakovljevic;
Zoran Jakovljevic; Slobodan Jakovljevic; Josip Vujic; Zoran
Vujic; Zoran Calar (who graduated from the military academy) -
all from the village of Donja Vrela; Marko Djukic.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
006 B-H - BOSANSKI BROD - May 11, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 11, 1992; village of Donje Vrelo (cca 14
kilometres southeast of Bosanski Brod).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Goran Jakovljevic (18 years old)
passed near the witness' house. He was dressed in YPA uniform,
and was armed with a rifle. He went towards Andja Jurilj (born
1909) and Anto Jurilj's (Andja's husband, born 1910) house. After
approximately an hour, the witness heard gun shots from the
direction of Andja and Ante Jurilj's house, and he went there.
Their house is approximately 500 metres away from his house. He
saw Goran Jakovljevic crouching in a bush near the road. The
spouses were lying on the house porch. Andja Jurilj lied
motionless, facing the ground, while blood was gushing from an
open wound on her hip. Ante Jurilj lied near her, his head was
covered with a plastic can. Both of them were dead. The witness
ran home.
PERPETRATORS: Goran Jakovljevic (18 years old), dressed in YPA
uniform.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
007 B-H - BOSANSKI BROD - May 13, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 13, 1992; village of Donje Vrelo (cca 14
kilometres southeast of Bosanski Brod).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A. J. and a witness hid in the nearby
woods from YPA members and a group of armed Serb villagers from
Donje Vrelo (led by Goran Vukman) who terrorized residents in
this area. On May 13, 1992, the witness went to the centre of the
village in order to find someone to help him bury Ante Jurilj
(born 1910) and his wife Andja (born 1909). Since he found no
one, he set out to his house. However, he had to hide, because he
saw an armed YPA soldier in his yard. The soldier wore a mask,
but the witness recognized him by his hair. It was Savo Djukic
from the nearby village of Klakar. He set off to the woods in
which the witness hid at night. The witness did not leave his
shelter. Soon, he heard a gun shot. After three hours, he
gathered courage and went into the woods. There he found the body
of Ante Jurilj (Martin's son). The victim was shot in the head.
Alarmed, the witness ran from the woods. On May 14, 1992, he met
members of the Croatian Defence Council. He told them what had
happened and took them to the woods. There he noticed that a
cross was carved with a knife on Ante Jurilj's right arm. The
witness took the soldiers of the Croatian Defence Council to Ante
and Andja Jurilj's house. He heard when the soldiers said that
they were first killed from fire-arms, and then their throats
were slit. All three victims were buried in the Catholic cemetery
in the village of Donje Vrelo.
PERPETRATORS: A YPA soldier - Savo Djukic (Serb) from the village
of Klakar.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
008 B-H - BOSANSKI BROD - May 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Looting and destruction of
civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 11 to May 14, 1992; village of Donje Vrelo
(cca 14 kilometres southeast of Bosanski Brod).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Soldiers dressed in YPA uniforms
passed through the village of Donje Vrelo. They were retreating
from the villages of Lijesce and Zboriste. In Donja Vrela, they
were joined by soldiers who were stationed there, and by a Serb
minority who lived in the area. They departed in the direction of
the village of Podnovlje (Doboj district). Before their
departure, YPA soldiers and the local Serb population looted, and
set on fire Croat owned houses, took away agricultural vehicles,
and killed Croat civilians. Some local Serbs burnt their houses
and sheds, to ensure that no one would use them any more. A group
of Serbs led by Goran Vukman (all of them were Serb villagers of
Donje Vrelo) looted Andja and Ante Jurilj's house, and took away
their agricultural vehicles. During the night of May 13/14, 1992,
those same men set on fire Jurilj's house and most of the houses
in Donja Vrela.
PERPETRATORS: Soldiers dressed in YPA uniforms, among whom were
Serb civilians from the village of Donja Vrela, also dressed in
military uniforms, and led by Goran Vukman (Slobodan's son).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
009 B-H - BOSANSKI BROD - May 16, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 11 to May 14, 1992; village of Donje Vrelo
(cca 14 kilometres southeast of Bosanski Brod).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: From May 11 to May 14, 1992, an army
dressed in YPA uniforms, among whom was a group of Serb villagers
led by Goran Vukman, withdrew towards the village of Podnovlje.
For three days they looted and set on fire civilian property in
this village, and killed Croat villagers. The extent of the crime
became known only after the soldiers of the Croatian Defence
Council entered the village. YPA soldiers and armed Serbs killed
the following Croats: Marijan Pavic (an elderly man); Andja
Jurilj (born 1909); Anto Jurilj (born 1910, Andja's husband);
Ante Jurilj (50 years old, Martin's son); Ana Cosina; Jozo
Katovic's mother (an elderly woman); Nikica Katovic; Anto
Katovic; Ivica Jerkovic; Ilija Rasic; Jozo Cerikan; Franjo
Matanovic; Ilija Blatancic; Niko Duspara; Ilija Duspara (all
civilians). They were buried on May 16, 1992, in the Catholic
cemetery in the village of Donje Vrelo.
PERPETRATORS: Soldiers dressed in YPA uniforms; armed Serb
villagers of Donje Vrelo: Goran Vukman (Slobodan's son), Djordje
Sljuka (Zarko's son), Vid Sljuka (Zarko's son), Goran
Jakovljevic, Slobodan Jakovljevic, Josip Vujic, Zoran Vujic,
Zoran Celar.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
010 B-H - LJUBIJA - June 24/25, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment of civilians to
concentration camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: On June 24th and 25th, 1992; village of
Brisevo (cca 4 kilometres south of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb paramilitary authorities in
Ljubija ordered the arrest of J. B., J. I., and J. J. on June
24th; and J. M., S. M., and J. B. (all civilians) on June 25th,
1992. They interned the prisoners to the Keraterm concentration
camp in Prijedor. All prisoners were Croats from Brisevo.
PERPETRATORS: Serb paramilitary authorities in Ljubija.
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recordings of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement, currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
011 B-H - LJUBIJA - July 4, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of pain and bodily
harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 4, 1992; village of Brisevo (cca 4
kilometres south of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: While a group of young Croats were
gathering hay in a nearby field, two armed Serb villagers of
Ostra Luka arrived. They ordered J. L., M. M., and M. I. to
follow them, because their car allegedly broke down the country
road, and they needed help. In the forest, they beat up those
three men. When the men returned, the witness saw that they were
badly beaten. M. I. was pierced with a screwdriver in the left
side of his stomach, and J. L.'s head was bleeding from cuts. Due
to the Serbian occupation in the Ljubija area, the men could not
see a doctor.
PERPETRATORS: Two armed Serb civilians from the village of Ostra
Luka. One of them was Mladen Topic's son.
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recordings of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement, currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 CROATIA - STARA GRADISKA - March/April 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment;
killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: March/April 1992; Stara Gradiska concentration
camp.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... Camp supervisor was Jadranko (42
years old), a YPA colonel who worked in Zagreb for six years
(until 1991). He interrogated me several times. During
interrogations he ordered two YU-Army soldiers to beat me. On one
occasion he ordered me to follow him. He took me to the basement
of the building and showed me a room filled with water. He
threatened me that he would push me into the "pool" and electrify
me unless I confessed. He told me that the pool flowed into the
Sava River, and that if I did not survive, my body would end up
in the river. He showed me the electric cables and a metal net
that was touching the water in the pool. He kicked me and pushed
me in. The metal net fell on my head. Soon I felt light
electrical shocks, which became stronger. I fainted. They pulled
me out of the water. After ten days, the electrical shock
treatment was repeated. Once they dragged me out of my cell at
1:00 a.m., and beat me ruthlessly. The prisoners S. P. and A. M.
later told me that they did not believe I would survive. Upon the
arrival of the ICRC representatives we were registered, and were
allowed to write to our families. Soon after registration, I was
transferred to Manjaca, along with a group of other prisoners.
However, a group of prisoners who were not registered with the
ICRC remained in Stara Gradiska, because the Serb authorities hid
them. Those were predominately members of the Croatian Defense
Council who had been detained in the camp long before I arrived.
There were also Serbs who were detained in the camp because they
refused to fire on Croatians, and fight against Croatia during
the 1991 war. I remember a major (Serb) who refused to fire on
Croatians. He was sentenced to eight years of hard labour by the
military court in Banja Luka. N. S. was forced to dig out graves
for those prisoners who had been beaten to death, or killed in
some other manner during interrogations. He was also
unregistered, and he remained in Stara Gradiska."
PERPETRATORS: Serb camp authorities in Stara Gradiska; camp
supervisor and interrogator Jadranko (42 years old, last name
unknown).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 B-H/CROATIA - MANJACA/KNIN - October 20, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Inhumane treatment and physical
abuse of prisoners along the journey to a prisoner exchange.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 20, 1992; Manjaca concentration
camp/Knin.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Some 30 prisoners were given a large
amount of salt, and were forced to swallow it. This happened
during the bus ride to Zitnic (Croatia), where 118 prisoners were
being taken for to an exchange. The witness was on one of the
buses. Since no exchange took place, the armed escorts took the
118 prisoners into the Knin prison, and locked them in a building
where they were supposed to spend the night. The prisoners were
maltreated during the night. Members of the irregular SAO
militia, persons in uniforms, and even civilians came to the
premises and beat the prisoners from 7:30 p.m. to 4:00 a.m. D. D.
from Brisevo, and I. F. from Sanski Most (both Croats) underwent
the worst treatment. The following day (October 22, 1992) the
prisoner convoy of buses returned in the direction of Manjaca
where they were imprisoned once again.
PERPETRATORS: Armed escorts; members of irregular SAO militia;
persons in uniforms, civilians from Knin.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement, currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 B-H - OMARSKA/MANJACA - August 6, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment to another camp;
physical maltreatment and killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 6, 1992; Omarska and Manjaca
concentration camps.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The witness was put on the last of 14
buses that took prisoners from the Omarska concentration camp to
the Manjaca concentration camp. After the witness' departure,
some 180 prisoners remained in the Omarska concentration camp,
among whom were M. T. and M. T. from Gornji Volar (both Croats).
According to the witness, armed escorts killed 18 prisoners along
the journey, and another 12 prisoners in front of the entrance
to the Manjaca concentration camp. During the ride from Omarska
to Manjaca, prisoners were escorted by members of the irregular
police called "Martic's unit", and two camp guards from Omarska:
Milojica Kos nicknamed "Krle", and Zoran Miodragovic.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Martic's unit; two camp guards from
Omarska: Milojica Kos nicknamed "Krle", and Zoran Miodragovic.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement, currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 B-H - DERVENTA - March 18, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment
towards prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: March 18, 1992; Derventa.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... armed YU-Army members arrested I.
(last name unknown) and me at the entrance to Derventa, near the
Automobile Association. They took us to the Derventa prison. Ivo
was wounded during the arrest because the YU-Army soldiers fired
at us. We were maltreated in the Derventa prison. Among the YU-
Army soldiers I recognized Mitar Nikolis (Serb) from the village
of Agici, near Derventa. They cursed our "Ustasha mothers".
Several hours later they took us to the Rapcanski Most (Rapcanski
Bridge) (cca 3 kilometres east of Derventa), and locked us up in
a school. They tied a band over our eyes and gagged our mouths,
put a rope around our necks, and tied our hands on our backs with
a wire. They tied us together, and then they started beating and
kicking us. They beat us with rifle-butts, fists, clubs, and
kicked us with their boots. When we fell they beat our heads
against concrete or stones. They broke all of my teeth. They
splashed water on us. They beat us two hours. Then they took us
to the Motajica Mountain where they literally threw us in a room.
We spent the night with bands on our eyes, and with our hands and
necks tied one to one another. I. bled. I could feel his sticky
warm blood. I heard when the door opened, and somebody started
shouting. Somebody was shouting because we were tied. They took
the blindfolds from our eyes, and gags from our mouths, and they
untied our hands and took the rope off our necks. I saw a man in
uniform with a white belt. He was a military policeman. He took
us to Stara Gradiska (Croatia) and interned us to the camp there.
I. still bled, because no one treated his wound."
PERPETRATORS: YU-Army members in Derventa, Motajica and Prnjavor,
among whom were Mitar Nikolic, Simo Drakula, Milan Vukovic, and a
man called Radula.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
005 B-H - MANJACA - May/June 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment of
prisoners; killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: May/June 1992, Manjaca concentration camp.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... I arrived in the Manjaca camp
from the Stara Gradiska camp. YPA soldiers escorted us during the
transfer. They beat us terribly. Upon our arrival in Manjaca we
first had to clean manure from sheds that were 50x20 metres
large. They used to keep livestock in them. When we cleaned the
sheds, they gave us straw, and we made ourselves beds out of that
straw on the concrete floor. There were cca 600 prisoners in a
single shed. There was not enough food. For breakfast, we got one
loaf of bread, 5 tins of liverwurst and 1/2 litre of tea per 30
persons. Our lunch was equally bad as breakfast: 1 kilo of bread
per 30 prisoners, and a helping of boiled potatoes or beans per
person. Our guards (mostly Serbs from Prnjavor and Derventa) beat
us. Prisoners were forced to dig trenches around the camp, and
put up a barbed wire fence. The camp supervisor was Zoran
nicknamed "Zoka" (born 1959). In the Manjaca camp, a guard
nicknamed "Bule" (blond hair, from Sarajevo) killed a prisoner,
Zlatko, from Osijek. By the end of May 1992, Serbs brought to the
camp 1,800 or 1,500 Muslims from Kljuc and Sanski Most, and
locked them in three sheds. I was exchanged on June 30, 1992,
near Dragalic. During the 105 days of my internment, I lost 17
kilos."
PERPETRATORS: Serb camp authorities in Manjaca; camp guards from
Prnjavor and Derventa; a camp guard nicknamed "Bule" (Serb from
Sarajevo).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 B-H - BANJA LUKA DIOCESE
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September-December 1991; Bosanska Gradiska.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Catholic parish church (built in 1913,
and renovated in 1989), and the parsonage (built in 1990) were
damaged in the period between September and December 1991. The
region is not a part of the immediate war zone.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb civilians and Serb irregular authorities
in the area.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: July 19, 1993 issue of "Vreme" magazine,
published in Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 54-55, in the section entitled
"Reagovanje". Title: "Duhovni genocid" ("Spiritual Genocide").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Centre.
Rastislav
>
>
> First you said you do not care whether you had right or not to secede from
> Yugoslavia what sounds like a bandit mentality. And when JFA tried to
> protect its territory according to constitution that was a crime. You people
> have been thoroughly brainwashed so that you cannot even recognized a simple
> logic any more.
Was the liberation of Serbia from Ottoman Empire also a crime of
secession and a result of BANDIT MENTALITY?
Respectfully,
Rasto
Aleksandar Sarovic
"Rastislav" <ras...@lycos.com> wrote in message
news:3b87ef5e.02112...@posting.google.com...
> "
> >
> >
I don't thing so. It is hard to compare that, however I will try to do it.
Slovenia had a democratic veto right in Yugoslavia, Serbia did not have such
right in the Ottoman Empire. Slovenia had a chance to secede from Yugoslavia
peacefully, Serbia did not have such chance in the Ottoman Empire. Serbia
had heroes such as Dusan Silni, Marko Kraljevic, Kardjordje, Obrenovic, etc.
Slovenia on the other hand had Kekec, Kohl and Bush senior:-). Could you
please help me I cannot recall others?
Aleksandar Sarovic
Rastislav
> from
> > > Yugoslavia what sounds like a bandit mentality. And when JFA tried to
> > > protect its territory according to constitution that was a crime. You
> people
> > > have been thoroughly brainwashed so that you cannot even recognized a
> simple
> > > logic any more.
> >
> > Was the liberation of Serbia from Ottoman Empire also a crime of
> > secession and a result of BANDIT MENTALITY?
>
> Slovenia had a democratic veto right in Yugoslavia, Serbia did not have such
> right in the Ottoman Empire. Slovenia had a chance to secede from Yugoslavia
> peacefully, Serbia did not have such chance in the Ottoman Empire. Serbia
> had heroes such as Dusan Silni, Marko Kraljevic, Kardjordje, Obrenovic, etc.
> Slovenia on the other hand had Kekec, Kohl and Bush senior:-). Could you
You live from historical myths and for myths. By the way, Marko
Kraljevic was in fact the Turkish vassal. I am not surprised this kind
of mentality brought Serbia in late fourties.
Aleksandar Sarovic
"Rastislav" <ras...@lycos.com> wrote
> You live from historical myths and for myths. By the way, Marko
> Kraljevic was in fact the Turkish vassal. I am not surprised this kind
> of mentality brought Serbia in late fourties.
Why the birth rate in Slovenia has been dropping down from 1991? Allegedly
that was because Bosniaks could not easily get into Slovenia any more. Myth
or not?
Aleksandar Sarovic
Rastislav
> that was because Bosniaks could not easily get into Slovenia any more. Myth
> or not?
The first part (about birth rate in SLO is truth) and the second part
(about the influence of Bosniaks on it) is a myth. Average Bosniak
family living in Slovenia has 1 - 2 children.
Rastislav
Aleksandar Sarovic
It was nice talking to you.
Aleksandar Sarovic
Rastislav
> Allegedly
> > > that was because Bosniaks could not easily get into Slovenia any more.
> Myth
> > > or not?
> >
> > The first part (about birth rate in SLO is truth) and the second part
> > (about the influence of Bosniaks on it) is a myth. Average Bosniak
> > family living in Slovenia has 1 - 2 children.
> >
> > Rastislav
>
> It was nice talking to you.
>
> Aleksandar Sarovic
:)
Rastislav
Barry Moronovich
Rasto,
I remember the Kramberger's presidential campaign. He stated once:
Let Bosniaks stay here in Slovenia. Where are the Bosniaks - there are
the children. I guess that the Bosniaks were of some service to Slovenian
women. True?
Barry Marjanovich
CRIMINAL named MIRKO DJURIC, Servian Satanist, murderer, torturer, and
all-around Servian SLOBodian) served:
> Greetings to my Servian Satanists and eternal glory to our leader Satan
SLOBo of great servia and The Hague:
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
"Lying is a form of our patriotism and is evidence of our innate
intelligence. We lie in a creative, imaginative, and inventive
way."
Dobrica COSIC - former president of self styled Yugo-slave-ia
and a Member of Servian Academy of Arts and Sciences, referring
to the Servian nation.
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
The story of the Servian sacrifice and Golgotha should be in every
elementary history book. That was the price the Servs were ready to
pay.(Excerpt from The Theft of the Servs' Only Treasure by Petar
Makara. July 5, 2001)
SERVIAN ACTION A:
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
CROATIAN REACTION:
http://www.kakarigi.net/croatia/news/dossier/eng/index.html
SERVIAN ACTION B:
http://www.kakarigi.net/croatia/news/dossier/eng/predaja1.html
A Servian terrorist makes a confession:
"To understand the Servs is to understand our sense of pride; it is to
understand why we the Servs celebrate June 28, St. Vitus Day, the day
of the Kosovo Battle of 1389. We are a sick people who celebrate a day
of our defeat."
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
servsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssservs
"If we Servs cannot work, we can surely fight."
Slobo Milosevic (also known as Satan SLOBo), at his 1989 inauguration
as president, timed to coincide with the 600th anniversary of the
Battle of Kosovo Polje, in which the Turks overran the Servs.
servssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssservs
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
Current President Of Serbia Is An Indicted War Criminal Milan
Milutinovic
http://www.interpol.int/Public/Wanted/Notices/Data/1999/12/1999_29612.asp
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.hbk.hr/crkve/eindex.html
http://www.math.hr/links/war.html
http://www.vidovic.org/augustin/pages/docs/vukovar/vukovar97.html
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/warcriminals.html
http://www.hic.hr/books/greatserbia/index.htm
http://www.hic.hr/books/creation/index.htm
http://abcnews.go.com/reference/bios/milosevic.html
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/history/supvii.html
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/milos.html
http://www.interpol.int/Public/Wanted/Notices/Data/1999/17/1999_29617.asp
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1134000/1134969.stm
http://www.tamu.edu/upress/BOOKS/1997/cohen.htm
http://mprofaca.cro.net/mainmenu.html
http://ds.dial.pipex.com/srebrenica.justice
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
> ORDINARY SERVS KILLED 250,000 PEOPLE! <
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/warcriminals.html
http://www.americanradioworks.org/features/kosovo/index.htm
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
BBC
Friday, 6 October, 2000
Kostunica: "I won't hand over Milosevic"
"I am the president"
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/milos.html
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
Excerpts:
The Guardian
Special report: Serbia
Martin Woollacott
Friday September 29, 2000
Vojislav Kostunica does not differ much from
Milosevic on Serbia's right to Kosovo; on
the status of the Bosnian Serb entity,
Republika Srpska; or on the desirability of
Montenegro staying with Serbia.
In choosing Kostunica in such large
numbers, it may be said that the Serbians
have voted for a clean Milosevic. They
voted for a man who has never said that
Serbia's objectives in the wars of the last
10 years were wrong; who denies the
authority of the International War Crimes
Tribunal in The Hague; who considers
Nato intervention an outrage: and who
insists that Serbia will not be a vassal
state of the west.
http://www.alb-net.com/index.htm
http://www.alb-net.com/warcrimes-img/warcrimes.htm
http://www.alb-net.com/cleansing.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni2.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni3.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/podunavlje/osumnjiceni4.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni00.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni00a.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni00b.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni01.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni01a.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/dalmacija/osumnjiceni01b.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/banovina/osumnjic-ban.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/banovina/osumnjic-ban01.htm
http://www.ljubija.hr/ratni-zlocini/hrvatska/banovina/osumnjic-ban02.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://home.swipnet.se/woodhead/facts.htm
http://home.swipnet.se/woodhead/video.htm
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/warcriminals.html
http://www.observer.co.uk/review/story/0,6903,587112,00.html
http://www.richmondreview.co.uk/books/unfinesthour.html
http://www.cercles.com/review/r2/simms.html
http://enjoyment.independent.co.uk/books/reviews/story.jsp?story=104621
http://www.ahram.org.eg/weekly/2002/611/in4.htm
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021119/168/2pwzz.html
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021120/168/2q348.html
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021112/168/2nz93.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1134969.stm
http://www.dssrewards.net/english/warcrimes/warcriminals.html
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021117/168/2pi9s.html
http://www.alb-net.com/index.htm
http://www.interpol.int/Public/Wanted/Notices/Data/1999/12/1999_29612.asp
http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/021119/168/2px16.html
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
Barry Marjanovich
001 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killings.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "The YPA recruited me in December
1990. I served in the Guard in Belgrade. I was a member of a
commando team, specialized in destroying armoured units. The
commander of my unit was Captain Miroslav Radic. We did not know
where we were going until we came to Tovarnik. We were a regular
army. However, members of Seselj's and Arkan's units went with
us, along with local chetniks. Captain Radic, a YPA officer, had
his platoon of "Seselj's" and "Arkan's" soldiers. Captain Radic
was born in 1961, he is originally from Doboj, Bosnia. Then we
went through Negoslavci and arrived in Vukovar, in the Petrova
Gora army barracks. I remember a soldier from Ruma. He killed
elderly and sick persons, and children in Vukovar. His name is
Spasoje, and his nickname is "Stuka" ("Pike"). We often came into
the basement, and those hiding there asked for a piece of bread,
their children did not leave the basement for fifty-six days, and
he ("Stuka") killed all of them (...) He also killed a woman and
her daughter, both were Croatians from Nova Ulica. They lived in
the sixth house from the right hand side, and they had a yellow
"Fico" (make of car, Zastava 750). He killed the woman, and he
tortured her daughter. He just came, put the gun against the
woman's forehead, laughed and shot her. Everyone did what they
wanted, no one was responsible for anything. No one blamed anyone
for anything. Our commander, Captain Miroslav Radic knew that
"Stuka" killed people in cold blood and he even encouraged him to
kill some more. He gave him even more freedom to do whatever he
wanted. He was rewarded for killing..."
PERPETRATORS: YPA members - Belgrade Guard's armoured brigades;
YPA captain Miroslav Radic; YPA soldier Spasoje nicknamed "Stuka"
("Pike") from Ruma (Serb by nationality); members of Seselj's
paramilitary units (named after the president of the Serbian
Radical Party Vojislav Seselj, who is their leader); Arkan's
units (named after their leader's nickname - Zeljko Raznjatovic
Arkan); and armed Serbs from Croatia who call themselves
chetniks, after the second world war chetnik fascist formations
in the former Yugoslavia).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
NOTE: In his report, the witness describes the arrivals of high
YPA officers, and commanders of paramilitary formations in
Vukovar: "... Then I was assigned to the main operational officer
for Vukovar, YPA major Veselin Sljivancanin. Later, YPA Army
general Blagoje Adzic used to come to our staff headquarters. I
personally escorted him from Nova Ulica to Gacesina and
Kovaceviceva Ulica (streets in Vukovar). Vojislav Seselj also
came fifteen minutes after Adzic. After a short tour around the
city, they gathered in Nova Ulica no. 91, in Stanko Bogdanovic's
house. Here they planned attacks and the military operation
against Vukovar. I was in the room with them. The following
people were present at the meeting: Mile Mrksic (YPA colonel);
Miroslav Radic (YPA captain, and commander of the Guards
Brigade); Veselin Sljivancanin (YPA major, main operational
officer in charge of all military operations in Vukovar); Elvir
Hadzic from Bihac; Dejan Jovanovic; Vojislav Seselj (commander of
Seselj's units, also called chetniks); Blagoje Adzic (YPA
general). They were at the top of the commanding staff. Major
Sljivancanin was a tall and corpulent man with a moustache. He
was the only one among them who wore a camouflage uniform. He did
not talk much. His orders were indisputable. He was between 45
and 50 years old. He was a good friend of Vojislav Seselj.
002 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killings.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991; Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... after the fall of Vukovar, the
YPA lost control over the chetniks. They conducted themselves in
a barbarous manner, they looted houses, and drove off their
spoils in trailer trucks. Everybody did what they wanted. They
brutally killed people. The treatment was especially harsh with
the Croats from Herzegovina. They (Serbs) did not just kill them.
They mutilated them. I remember how they boiled one Croat held
captive. They tied his arms and legs and threw him in the boiling
water. I think the victim was one of the main commanders of the
Croatian Army in Vukovar. I do not know his name. This crime was
committed by the Serb residents of Vukovar who lived in the
section of Vukovar called Petrova Gora. I do not know their
names, but I would recognize them if I saw them. The names were
of no interest to me. Many civilians were killed in the section
of Vukovar called Mitnica. This section is located to the right
hand side from the aqueduct. The Vukovar chetniks from Petrova
Gora were notorious. They attacked Vukovar before us. We were the
elite YPA unit - the Guards Brigade from Belgrade. The Novi Sad
Corps attacked from the direction of the village of Bogdanovci,
and the YPA members of Nis Army District and Pancevo Tank Brigade
were also present. Upon our arrival in Croatia, our Brigade
totalled 2,500 soldiers. My battalion totalled 408 soldiers. Only
108 returned to Belgrade. I escaped from the YPA, from Belgrade,
before New Year's Day (1992).
PERPETRATORS: YPA members of the Guards Brigade from Belgrade;
Novi Sad Corps; Pancevo Tank Brigade; YPA members from Nis Army
District; Serb irregular formations.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - November 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killings, and locations of
mass graves.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 1991; Vukovar.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... After the fall of Vukovar, I was
detained in a shed at Ovcara (a plain), where 1040 Croatians were
executed by firing squad. I had to be part of the firing squad,
but I could not take it. I could not and did not want to shoot.
There were elderly men who were imprisoned. I was present when
they ordered how many people were to be shot. 320 persons were
executed in the first round, and 720 in the second. The orders
were issued by a YPA major Veselin Sljivancanin. The executed
persons were buried at Ovcara. They were pushed into a ditch by
an excavator and covered with dirt. There were other private
executions. Soldiers would enter a house and kill elderly people.
There is a "Velepromet" storehouse in Vukovar. In this
storehouse, the Serbs tortured prisoners with shock-treatment.
Women were also maltreated there. All sorts of things happened
there. Soldiers or chetniks would come, pick a group of
prisoners, take them out and execute them. I know for certain
that 1040 people were executed, but there are many more mass
graves at Petrova Gora, near "Elektroprivreda", at a large plain
near the power-plant, etc. Among the victims were Croatian
soldiers who, prior to the execution, had been kept in basements
and the Vukovar army barracks shelters. I know the location of
the mass grave, where the excavator covered people with dirt.
Ovcara is neither a hill nor a plain, actually it's more a plain
than a hill. When the excavators buried the people, the Serbs
brought steam-rollers, and flattened the ground so that no one
could see what had happened there.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members under the command of Major Veselin
Sljivancanin.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 B-H - LJUBIJA - May 23, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 23, 1992; 9:00 p.m.; the village of Gornji
Volar (cca 4 kilometres north of Ljubija).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Civilian properties in the villages of
Surkovac and Gornji Volar (populated exclusively by Croats) were
attacked around 9:00 p.m. The attack was launched by armed Serb
civilians from the nearby villages of Donji Volar, Sokoliste,
Trgoviste, Radomirovac, and Miska Glava. Shells from mortars and
a recoilless gun were fired on the villages of Surkovac and
Gornji Volar. An informant from the Serb ranks reported that the
Croat villagers of Surkovac and Gornji Volar had left their
homes, so that there were no casualties among the civilians
during the attack. Members of Serb paramilitary formations set on
fire several family houses and sheds, while passing through the
villages. On the following morning (May 24, 1992), all of the
escaped Croat villagers returned to their homes.
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb villagers of Donji Volar, Sokoliste,
Trgoviste, Radomirovac, Miska Glava (the villages located north
and northwest of Ljubija).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 B-H - LJUBIJA - May, 24, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 24, 1992.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Rade Bilbija, the commander of the
Serb paramilitary formation stationed in the village of Ljeskare,
arrested a witness and Mato (Tomo's son) Tadic and took them to
the Ljubija police station. The commander of the Ljubija police
station, Branko Bjekic, called via radio the "Serbian police
station" in Prijedor. Around 7:00 p.m., the prisoners were taken
to the station. Upon their arrival in Prijedor, the prisoners
were interrogated. The witness was interrogated by an anonymous
investigator, and Mato Tadic (Tomo's son) was taken to the upper
floor where he was interrogated by a YU-Army major Vasiljevic (a
state security investigator). On May 25, 1992, around 3:00 a.m.,
the witness was taken to the Keraterm ceramic tiles plant that
the members of YU-Army and the Serbian Democratic Party turned
into a detention centre for those civilians who breached the
curfew (introduced on May 1, 1992, by the occupying self-
proclaimed Serb authorities. The witness was confined to cell no.
1. Around 3:15 a.m., two Serbs nicknamed "Ziga" and "Duca"
entered the cell. "Ziga" was a taxi-driver in Prijedor, while
"Duca" was notorious as a petty Prijedor criminal. Those two beat
the prisoner from 3:15 a.m. to 5:00 a.m.
PERPETRATORS: Rade Bilbija from the village of Ljeskare; Branko
Bjekic from Ljubija; Major Vasiljevic from Prijedor; men
nicknamed "Ziga" and"Duca".
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 B-H - PRIJEDOR - May 26, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment to a concentration
camp.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 26, 1992; 10:00 a.m.; Keraterm
concentration camp, Prijedor.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "...May 26, 1992; around 10:00 a.m.;
YU-Army soldiers and the armed members of the Prijedor branch of
the Serbian Democratic Party began interning Muslim residents of
Kozarac and neighbouring villages to the Keraterm concentration
camp. Until 3:00 p.m., on May 26, 1992, they interned over 200
civilians from Kozarac and Prijedor." The witness recognized the
following persons among the prisoners: Cehajic (president of the
Prijedor district); Mato Tadic (Tomo's son) from the village of
Gornji Volar; Ivo Hrvat from the village of Kalajevo. "... The
number of prisoners grew with every hour. Keraterm became a real
concentration camp in only a couple of hours. They did not give
us any food or water, we could not move in the cell because there
were too many of us. It was becoming worse with every hour. It
became unbearable! The grown up men cried. We heard moans. Many
prisoners were wounded, or beaten up." The number of prisoners in
the other cells in Keraterm was unknown to the witness.
PERPETRATORS: Members of YU-Army from Prijedor; armed members of
the Prijedor branch of the Serbian Democratic Party.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 B-H - PRIJEDOR - May 27, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment to concentration camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 27, 1992; 10:00 p.m.; Keraterm and Omarska
concentration camps (Prijedor district).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... A YU-Army military policeman
unknown to me came in front of cell no. 1 (sergeant) and ordered
us to get out of the cell and get on the buses that had
previously arrived in the camp. There were 17 empty, and 6 full
buses. I found out that the prisoners who were in those buses
were the same prisoners the Serbs had kept detained in the
Brezicani school (cca 5 kilometres west of Prijedor). (...)
Around midnight, the buses departed from the Keraterm
concentration camp. After quite a long ride, they stopped, and
the armed YU-Army soldiers ordered us to get off the bus. At that
point we saw that we had arrived at an enclosed area of the
Omarska iron ore mine. On that day, the total number of 2,000
prisoners were brought to Omarska. 90% of the prisoners were
Croat and Muslim civilians, while the remaining 10% were members
of the regular and reserve police of Croatian and Muslim
nationality (all from the Prijedor district). (...) The first
commander of the Omarska concentration camp was a Serb nicknamed
"Kvocka" who wore a camouflage uniform. He was replaced by Zeljko
Mejakic (Serb), on June 20, 1992."
PERPETRATORS: Members of the YU-Army from Prijedor, and Serb
authorities of the Omarska camp under the command of a man
nicknamed "Kvocka" (wore a camouflage uniform), and Zeljko
Mejakic (after June 20, 1992).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
005 B-H - LJUBIJA - December 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Rapes and forcible prostitution.
TIME AND LOCATION: July - December 1992; Ljubija region
(northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: At the end of July, after the massacre
in his village, the witness moved to Ljubija. "... During my stay
in Ljubija, I heard that Serbs brought girls and/or women (Croats
and Muslims from Donja Ljubija) to the houses of killed or
evicted Croat civilians. Those girls and women were used as
amusement for Serb soldiers who returned from the front-lines.
According to my knowledge, fifteen Croatian women (aged 18 and
over) were raped during the Brisevo massacre. Some of them were
over 55 years old. Most of girls and women in Donja Ljubija
(mostly Muslims) have been raped. The Serbs who did not go the
front-lines had the task of "supplying" Serb soldiers with women.
One of them was Zoran Pejic (Ljuban's son, born 1970) from
Ljubija, who would forcibly bring women into abandoned houses,
and force them into prostitution.
PERPETRATORS: Occupying irregular Serb authorities in Ljubija;
Zoran Pejic (Ljuban's son).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
006 B-H - LJUBIJA - September-December 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Stealing of humanitarian aid;
starving the population.
TIME AND LOCATION: September-December 1992; Ljubija region
(northwestern Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The incidents followed after the
agreement on delivery and distribution of humanitarian relief
under "Caritas" supervision that was signed between the
representatives of the self-proclaimed "Serbian Crisis Centre of
Ljubija" (brothers Slobodan and Djoko Taranjac), representatives
of the Banja Luka Diocese (Bishop Franjo Komarica, PhD), Banja
Luka branch of the Croatian Democratic Union (president Nikola
Gabelic), the UNHCR (Japanese representative, Mr Satoshi), and
representatives of the Croat villagers of Brisevo. All of the aid
that came to the Croat populated villages of Brisevo, Stara
Rijeka, Donja Ravska, Surkovac, and Ljubija was stolen by Serbs
and occupying irregular Serb authorities, right after it was
stored. The aid that was delivered at the Ljubija church was
distributed under the strict supervision of the Taranjac
brothers, and only until they would say: "There isn't any more."
Bags with flour, and boxfuls of sugar and oil stocked in some
visible spot would clearly suggest that what they said was not
true. On one occasion, Bishop Komarica and dr Mile Anicic (head
of the Banja Luka Diocese branch of "Caritas" arrived in the
village of Brisevo with a truckful of humanitarian relief. Djoko
Taranjac arrived soon after and said: "When humanitarian relief
arrived in Surkovac in this manner, that is without our
knowledge, it was stolen that same night. But you don't have to
fear, we're here. However, you'll have to stop with the
distribution this instance and take the relief into the Ljubija
staff. No one will ever touch it." According to the witness, no
one attempted to oppose Djoko Taranjac order.
PERPETRATORS: Occupying irregular Serb authorities, led by Djoko
and Slobodan Taranjac (brothers).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement, currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 B-H/CROATIA - MANJACA/KNIN - October 17, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Inhumane treatment and physical
maltreatment of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 17, 1992; Manjaca concentration camp -
Knin.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Serb authorities of the Manjaca
concentration camp loaded on buses 120 Croat prisoners and took
them to Zitnic (the Republic of Croatia) where the prisoners were
to be exchanged. During the ride the armed escorts forced
prisoners to swallow large quantities of salt, and confiscated
any food or water they had. They beat prisoners with wooden clubs
and forced them to sing pro-Serb songs. Since there was no
exchange, the prisoners were taken to Knin and imprisoned in a
building where they were supposed to stay overnight. During the
entire night persons in uniforms with SAO Krajina insignia,
members of irregular police, and anonymous civilians (even women
and young boys) brutally maltreated them. They beat the witness
so much that he had no strength to crawl back to his cell. The
maltreatment stopped the following morning, when all of the
prisoners were taken back to the Manjaca concentration camp.
PERPETRATORS: Serb authorities of the Manjaca concentration camp;
armed prisoner escorts, irregular police called "SAO Krajina
militia", unknown civilians from Knin.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 B-H - PRIJEDOR - May 28, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Inhumane treatment, infliction of
mental suffering and bodily harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 28, 1992; Omarska concentration camp.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... While the YU-Army soldiers were
driving us from the Keraterm to Omarska concentration camp, they
beat us brutally. They particularly mistreated a Muslim villager
of Kozarac who was in the same bus with me. I do not know his
name, but I know that he was a regular policeman. They literally
smashed his head with a rifle-butt. Upon our arrival to the
Omarska concentration camp, this policeman was still alive,
however, I do not know what happened to him afterwards. A guard
with a dark complexion (like a Gypsy) continued beating him after
we got off the bus. The guards took out Zeljko Sikora (a
gynecologist in Prijedor). They started hitting him. They accused
him of castrating Serb children. We heard his cries and moaning.
then they took out Ilijaz Music (a high school teacher in
Prijedor), and Fikic (an internist from Hambarine, he worked in a
clinic in Prijedor). Then they took out a man nicknamed Cuko
(pizza-place proprietor in Prijedor - near the biscuit plant).
The guards beat them mercilessly, while the victims moaned and
screamed in pain. I never saw those men again throughout my
entire stay in Omarska (until August 21, 1992), neither did I
hear from anyone that they were alive."
PERPETRATORS: YU-Army members; guards in the Omarska
concentration camp, on of them had a dark complexion (probably a
Gypsy).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 B-H - PRIJEDOR - July 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture, infliction of bodily
harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: End of July 1992, Omarska concentration camp
(cca 17 kilometres east of Prijedor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... I was taken for interrogation
into the "White House" at the time when Mato Tadic (Tomo's son)
was being interrogated. They took him there one hour earlier.
When I entered the room, Mato sat in the chair, his face was full
of blood, because they smashed his forehead, nose and lips. (...)
I looked to the corner of the room and I saw a real baseball bat,
and a large wooden club cca 10 cm in diameter. (...) When the
investigator asked me who was delivering arms in Prijedor, and to
whom the arms were distributed, I answered that all of the arms
that ever came to Prijedor were the arms that the former YPA
(Yugoslav People's Army) distributed to Serb members of the
Serbian Democratic Party when withdrawing from Croatia. (...) One
of the guards took the wooden club, and the other one took the
baseball bat. The guard who held the wooden club hit me, while
the other one started hitting Mato Tadic (Tomo's son). After a
while, they stopped and dragged us to the corridor. Then they
returned to the room. I managed to recover a bit after two days,
but Mato Tadic was in a critical state for four days. They broke
the baseball bat on his back. He urinated blood and moaned at
every movement. He said that they broke his ribs."
PERPETRATORS: Serb authorities of the Omarska concentration camp.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The roof of St. Francis Catholic
Church in Sibenik was damaged. The church was built in the 14th
century in gothic style, and is a registered 1st category
cultural monument.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The roof and the south facade of St.
Francis Catholic Monastery in Sibenik was damaged. Two 40 mm
anti-tank mortars were found there. The church is a registered
1st category cultural monument, and its library contains
invaluable objects such as chalices, reliquaries, monstrances,
pictures, church garments, etc.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Jacob Catholic Cathedral in
Sibenik is a registered 0 category cultural monument, and one of
the most significant architectural creations in the eastern
Adriatic coast. It was first hit by mine fragments that were
fired on the square in front of the Cathedral. Afterwards, the
northern facade and a door-post (work of a famous sculptor Grgo
Antunac) were damaged. The following day, during the attack
launched from the YPA naval vessels, the Cathedral dome was hit
by a 40 mm anti-tank mine which left a 30 cm wide hole in it,
along with many other small damages. Windows of the dome,
transept, and the sculpture of St. Michael (located on the
transept) were strafed with bullets from an aircraft.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
004 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The roof of St. Anne Catholic Church
received a direct hit. The roof burst open, and the church
interior sustained considerable damage. The church is a
registered cultural monument built in the 17th century.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
005 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Anne Cemetery (a registered
cultural monument built in the first half of the 19th century,
and opened in 1822) was hit from a YPA aircraft. Several graves
were destroyed on that occasion.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
006 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The ceiling in the bishop's hall, a
part of the Bishop's Palace in Sibenik (a registered 1st category
cultural monument) was damaged during the YPA attack.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
007 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Lady of Griblje Catholic Church in
Donje Polje is a registered 1st category cultural monument, built
in the 14/15th century romanic-gothic style. The Church was
recently renovated. During the attack its south facade was
damaged, along with the recently placed gothic arched door, and
western facade, a binding stone at the door (a romanic
characteristic), and the roof of the church.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
008 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Vitus Catholic Church in Razori is
a registered 1st category cultural monument built in the romanic
style. It was recently renovated. During the fighting around the
Sibenik Bridge, the southern section of the side wall and the
roof were blasted away. The gothic vault of the church was burst
open. The destroyed wall contained dedicatory crosses (most
probably from the 15th century) and popular paintings of ships
engraved in the plaster.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
009 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Lady of Srim Catholic Church in
Srimsko Polje is a registered 1st category cultural monument
built in the romanic style. There is a famous mural in the church
apse. During the armed conflicts going on in the immediate
vicinity, the section above the romanic church door (southern
facade) was hit by a tank shell. On this occasion, the church
vault was burst open, and the door-steps were damaged
considerably.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report of the Sibenik District Institute
for Protection of Cultural Monuments. Document currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
010 CROATIA - SIBENIK DIOCESE - September 16 to October 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16 - October 1, 1991; Sibenik
district.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Lady of Karmen Catholic Church at the
Okit Hill was destroyed during the second world war and rebuilt
afterwards. In the period between September 16 and October 1,
1991, the church was hit by several tank shells.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
YPA - YUGOSLAVE PEOPLE'S ARMY
Barry Marjanovich
001 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - October 10, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 10, 1991 - April 17, 1992; the town of
Tovarnik (cca 23 kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The witness' account provides names of
murdered Croatian civilians, residents of Tovarnik who were
killed by the members of the YPA and chetnik units. Jelka
Strolina and Ljubica Glavasevic were found dead in their homes.
On September 29, 1991, at 10:30 p.m., Djuro Filic was killed in
the garden of the house no. 44, in Gajeva Ulica. Djuro Filic had
been arrested and interned in the Begejci camp near Zrenjanin
(Serbia). He was brought back to Tovarnik by soldiers, among whom
was Aco Trifunovic.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members, chetnik paramilitary units, Aco
Trifunovic from Tovarnik.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - April 17, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forcible depopulation of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: April 17, 1992; the town of Tovarnik (cca 23
kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... On Good Friday (April 17th) 1992,
my wife went out early in the morning to do some errands. At one
moment the door opened. I thought it was my wife. However, two
men entered and said: '... You ustasha m...f..., haven't you left
yet?' I asked: 'Where to?' One of the man was Ratko (I do not
know his surname), a Serb from Podravska Slatina. I thought it
was some kind of a joke. He came to my bed. I was still lying in
it. He leant a gun against my forehead, and said: 'Do you want me
to kill you?' I said: 'Go ahead, kill me, if you have a bullet to
spare.' The situation became tense. He put the gun in his pocket
and took out a knife. He cursed my "ustasha mother". I got up,
and he hit me twice in the ribs with his fist. I do not recall
anything else, because I fainted. When I regained consciousness,
my wife came into the house. Ratko ordered us to get ready, and
then he forced us out of the house. We (my wife and I) were
ordered to get into a car. Ratko shouted: 'Drive them to Sid, and
then straight to Tudjman. F... you and your Tudjman.' When he
brought us to the Sid railway station, he told me: 'Do not dare
to move! If you move, I'll kill you! Go to Bijeljina, and
further, wherever you can!'..."
PERPETRATORS: Ratko (an armed Serb from Podravska Slatina).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 B-H - LJUBIJA - July 20, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 20, 1992; 7:30 a.m.; Borik (section of
the Kurevo forest, Kurevo is located east of Ljubija and it
spreads from the south to the north, that is from the village of
Brisevo to the village of Hambarine).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... I witnessed several terrible
crimes committed by Serb paramilitary units in Ljubija region.
First I will describe a crime committed against Muslim civilians
by an armed Serb unit led by the self-proclaimed Chetnik voivoda
(Chetnik officer) Rade Bilbija from the village of Ljeskare, near
Ljubija. (...) 300 Muslim villagers of Biscani, Hambarine and
Carakovo (set on fire during the attack) were hiding in the
section of the Kurevo forest called Borik. At 7:30 a.m., six
young Muslims (16 to 22 years of age) went to the nearby spring
to fetch some drinking water. A Serb unit led by Rade Bilbija
surprised them at the spring and killed them on the spot. I do
not know the names of the victims. Perpetrators were the
returnees from the front-lines in the Republic of Croatia, mostly
from the Lipik and Pakrac areas. Upon mutilating innocent
youngsters, the Serbs stole upon the refugees and attacked them.
The civilians (males, females, children and elderly people) fled
in panic. They escaped towards the village of Brisevo, where they
were ambushed by Serbs dressed in the police uniforms. The Serbs
opened machine gun fire, and over 150 Muslim civilians were
killed on this occasion..."
PERPETRATORS: A Serb unit led by Rade Bilbija from the village of
Ljeskare, near Ljubija; members of the irregular Serb militia
from Ljubija.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Department.
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - September 20, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 20, 1991; the town of Tovarnik (cca
23 kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... During the attack on Tovarnik,
they (Serb paramilitaries) did not choose their targets, but
rather they fired at random from all available arms. I and Ante
Rotim hid in the basement. In the evening, the chetniks entered
the village. They came to our basement, and Zoran Bursac (Serb
from Tovarnik), and an anonymous chetnik fired on us from an
automatic gun. Bursac shot me in my ear and jaw, while Ante Rotim
was lightly wounded in the thorax by a bullet that bounced off
the wall. We shouted: 'Don't! Do not shoot! Children are in
here!' Then they forced us out of the basement and ordered us to
lean up against the wall..."
PERPETRATORS: Members of the chetnik paramilitary unit, among
whom was Zoran Bursac (Serb from Tovarnik).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - September 23, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Employment of measures of
intimidation and terror.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 23, 1991, the town of Tovarnik (cca
23 kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... They forced all of us out of the
street and into Mate Adamovic's (an innkeeper) yard. The town was
full of tanks. They lined us up and ordered Croatians to separate
from Serbs. A Serb civilian V. K. refused to separate from us. He
remained with us. (...) There were 100 of us. (...) That day, a
self-proclaimed Captain Dragan came to us from Knin. He mounted a
beer crate and he said, waving a pistol above his head: 'I am the
only one who is authorised to kill whoever I wish. I'll take out
ten of you and execute them. I have the right to that. I have
been authorised for that.' During his speech, the chetniks
carried out drinks from the inn and drank, and yelled. They
maltreated Antun Grgic nicknamed 'Tuno'. (...) Captain Dragan was
dressed in a YPA uniform (olive-drab), but without any insignia
on his cap. On the left front side of his uniform, he had a small
metal plate with 'Captain Dragan' written on it. Later, they
forced us to walk along a path. When we stopped, they forced us
to lie in the mud. One of the chetniks, drunk or half-drunk,
stood in front of us holding a knife in his hand. He killed a
soldier whose body was left lying on the road. He did not tell us
anything. He just gazed at us, and shivered. (...) A truck
arrived. The driver was Stevan Srdic (Trifun's son), a Serb from
Tovarnik. They drove us towards Sid (Serbia)..."
PERPETRATORS: A Serb paramilitary unit under the command of
Captain Dragan; Serbs from Tovarnik; Milenko Miljkovic, and
Stevan Srdic (Trifun's son).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - September 21, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 21, 1992; the town of Tovarnik (cca
23 kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA members and members of Serb
paramilitary units attacked civilians and civilian properties in
Tovarnik. The attack was launched from two directions: Ilaca, and
Sid (Serbia). A considerable number of family houses and farm
buildings were destroyed during the shelling.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of Serb paramilitary units.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - September 25, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment, and forcing
to hard labour.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 25, 1991; the town of Tovarnik (cca
23 kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Following the occupation of Tovarnik,
the members of the YPA and the Serb paramilitary units arrested
Croatian male civilians. A witness was imprisoned in the basement
of Cvejic's house, along with the other 16 Croatian civilian
residents of Tovarnik. Among the prisoners were the following
civilians: Mate Cuk, Mihajlo Dovicin, Ivan Beljo, Boza Grbesic,
and Tomislav Ivkovic nicknamed "Subasa"... On the day of his
arrest, the witness was forced by the members of irregular
militia to remove the corn stems from the fields surrounding the
town, because they suspected that anti-personnel mines were
planted in the corn-fields. While working, the witness was
guarded by an armed Serb.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members among whom were Mile Saja, and Milenko
Smiljkovic from Tovarnik; members of the Serb paramilitary unit
called chetniks among whom was Slavko Saja nicknamed "Prajin"
from Tovarnik; members of the irregular militia among whom were
Bozo Rudic, Dusan Vorkapic, and Savo Ivanovic.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
005 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - September 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forcing to hard labour.
TIME AND LOCATION: Late September 1991; the town of Tovarnik (cca
23 kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In his account, the witness reports
that the members of the irregular militia forced him to dig out a
mass grave for the killed civilians, along with another six
Croatian men from the town of Tovarnik. 24 killed Croatian
civilians, residents of Tovarnik, were buried there in a single
day. Among them were Franjo Kuzmic, Mara Kuzmic, Felka Glibo,
Jelka Strolina, Djuka Balic's father, Aco Popovic, an elderly
male person nicknamed "Cuker" ("Sugar Cube"), and Janko Budim...
During October, the witness and another two prisoners buried
three killed Croatian civilians from Tovarnik: Tomislav Ivkovic
nicknamed "Subasa", Pavo Vrancic, and a man whose name he could
not recall. Rade Zagar, Tomo Glibo, Father Burik, the mother of
Tomislav Ivkovic nicknamed "Subasa", and Branko Salajic nicknamed
"Latas" were buried in the same mass grave. The witness pinpoints
the locations of all mass graves in the Tovarnik area.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the Serb irregular militia in Tovarnik.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
006 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - September 7, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing and destruction of
civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; the town of Tovarnik (cca 23 kilometres
southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: In his account, the witness reports
the murder of Father Burik (September 7, 1991) by the members of
the Serb paramilitary unit called chetniks ("Dusan Silni" unit)
who were stationed in Ivan Drmic's house. In September, Ante
Markanovic was killed by Radoslav Stanimirovic's brother who had
chetnik insignia on his hat. The following persons set Croatian
family houses to fire: Mile Ergic, Trifun Srdic, and Stevan Srdic
(Trifun's son). According to the witness, the following persons
formed the Serb self-proclaimed authorities in Tovarnik, at the
time of the crime: Ranko Milicevic (the commander-in-chief of the
town's defense council); Aca Trifunovic (the first president of
the Tovarnik local community after the occupation); Sreto
Pokrajac (Aca Trifunovic's successor in the place of the
president of the Tovarnik local community); Jovica Medic
(replaced Sreto Pokrajac in the place of the president of the
Tovarnik local community). Sreto Pokrajac issued the order that
all Croatian civilians be evicted from the town, and Jovica Medic
carried out this order to the last.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the Serb paramilitary unit called
chetniks ("Dusan Silni" unit); Serb self-proclaimed authorities
in Tovarnik.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
007 B-H - LJUBIJA - June 16, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment to concentration camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: On June 16, 1992; 2:30 a.m.; Ljubija
(northwest Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... On June 16, 1992, around 2:30
a.m., my neighbours Ranko Djuric, Stiven Djuric, and Slavko
Bataz's son arrested me. They forced me into the van where I
found my neighbour Junuz Sahuric. That morning they arrested 13
persons from Ljubija, and they took us to the Keraterm
concentration camp in Prijedor. They confined 550 or 600
prisoners in an approximately 200x10 m room. All of us were
civilians. Several days later, the following persons were brought
to the Keraterm: Drago Tokmadzic, Esad Sarajlic, Esad Islamovic,
Ismet Taras, Jovan Radocaj, Ilijaz Drobic (all from Ljubija and
the surrounding villages), along with a large group of people
whom I did not know. Milan Curguz "Krivi" also arrived. He was
not a prisoner, but the deputy of Branko Bjekic (the Ljubija
police force commander). He told us that everything that had
happened in Ljubija had been ordered by Slobodan Taranjac (the
head of the so-called Military Crisis Staff)..."
PERPETRATORS: Ranko Djuric, Stiven Djuric, Slavko Bataz's son
(all from Ljubija). They acted under Slobodan Taranjac's orders.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
008 B-H - LJUBIJA - August 14, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Confiscation of civilian
properties; employment of measures of intimidation and terror.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 14, 1992; Ljubija (northwest Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... I was released from Trnopolje on
August 14, 1992, after signing the form on 'noncompulsory'
departure from the so-called Serb Republic, and 'donation' of my
property to the local Serb authorities. Upon returning home in
Ljubija, on August 14, 1992, I locked myself into my apartment
and did not go about the town, out of caution. One day, another
former Trnopolje camp prisoner, Mr. Junuz Sauric, visited me and
told me that a certain Pero Djuric (Serb) came to him, took him
out and battered him in front of his building, during which time
he threatened that unless we moved he himself would have solved
the problem of the presence of former camp prisoners in the town.
I heard of such terrible things that happened during the night
time in Ljubija..." The witness provides the names of individuals
within the Serb self-proclaimed civilian and military authorities
in Ljubija who participated in the intimidation and terror of the
non-Serb majority population in the Ljubija region.
PERPETRATORS: Serb self-proclaimed authorities in the Prijedor
and Ljubija region: Djoko Taranjac, Miso Jelisavac, Vojkan
Djuric, Pero Djuric, Slobodan Taranjac, Djoko Knezevic, Rade
Bilbija; Milan Curguz nicknamed "Krivi", Savo Pusac, Milan Atlija
(Simo's son), Miroslav Atlija (Milan's son), Rade Atlija (Milan's
son), Zeljko Rivic, Stipo Tomic, Nikola Juric (Ivica's son),
Ivica Juric nicknamed "Jurika".
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recording of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
009 B-H - LJUBIJA - 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Mass killing.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1992; Ljubija (northwest Bosnia).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The witness reports the events
following August 14, 1992, when he was released from the
Trnopolje concentration camp. In this period he did not leave his
apartment for the reasons of personal safety. During the visit of
his neighbour Zoran Anusic, he found out about the events that
had occurred in Ljubija while he was in the camp: "... I was
visited by Zoran Anusic, a Croat who married a Serb, and who
worked for the Serb self-proclaimed authorities. He was tipsy. He
said that he buried the bodies brought by Serbs to the so-called
strip-mines. He told that occasionally Serbs brought people who
were still alive, and killed them there. He mentioned the group
of over 100 villagers of Hambarine (cca 6 kilometres northeast of
Ljubija) who were captured by Serbs from the village of Miska
Glava. The prisoners were brought to the strip-mines, where they
were executed. He (Anusic) buried them with an excavator..."
PERPETRATORS: Serb self-proclaimed authorities in the Ljubija
region.
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recording of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 B-H - PRIJEDOR - June 16 to July 4, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: June 16 to July 4, 1992; Keraterm
concentration camp.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... The following people were beaten
to death in the Keraterm concentration camp: Drago Tokmadzic
(Croat from Ljubija); Esad Sarajlic (Muslim from Ljubija); Jovan
Radocaj (Serb from the village of Ljeskare). A certain man named
Bahonjic from Kozarac was dying for four days. When he died, the
camp guards threw him on a dumpsite. Jovan Radocaj was a Serb by
nationality. His only mistakes were that he married a Croat named
Zdenka (she was killed in their family house in Ljeskare), and
that he was present at the inaugural meeting of the Party of
Democratic Action in Hambarine. Two Serbs from Prijedor were in
charge of escorting people to the place where they were tortured:
a man nicknamed "Duca", and Zigic. They were both known as
"prominent Serbs" who proved their loyalty on the front-lines in
Croatia. Therefore, they were granted permission by the Serb camp
authorities to torture and kill prisoners in the Keraterm
concentration camp, although they were not the camp guards..."
PERPETRATORS: "Duca" and Zigic from Prijedor; Serb authorities of
the Keraterm concentration camp.
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recording of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
002 B-H - PRIJEDOR - July 4, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment to the concentration
camp, torture and killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 4, 1992; Omarska concentration camp (cca
17 kilometres east of Prijedor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... On July 14, 1992, I and 130 other
camp prisoners were transferred from the Keraterm to the
Trnopolje concentration camp. Trnopolje was a genuine
concentration camp. 80 of us were locked up in a garage 4x5.5 m
wide and 2.5-3 m high. It was horrible. The garage had concrete
walls, and we were suffocating, since the walls absorbed the
heat, and there were too many of us inside. In the evening, a
guard would open the door and insult us. He said that we were
ustashas. He kept kicking us with his army boots, and hitting us
with a baseball bat, hydraulic pipes (parts of a mining
equipment). It was unbearable, horrible! Day in day out, we
listened to the wretched prisoners moan and scream while being
'interrogated'. In some cases prisoners were beaten so badly,
that they would die soon after from the injuries. Then a guard
would roll-call two strong prisoners and order them to carry the
victims out of the garage, while the rest of us would be ordered
to lie on our stomachs, or to sit with our heads lowered between
our knees. They would drag the victims out of the garage, to the
dust bin. 6 or 7 bodies were discarded off in such a manner
daily. Every evening, other prisoners would be ordered to load
the bodies onto a truck which drove the bodies in an unknown
direction. On some evenings, the guards would take out up to 15
persons who never returned..."
PERPETRATORS: Serb authorities of the Omarska concentration camp.
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recording of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
003 B-H - PRIJEDOR - July 4 to August 6, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and killing of camp
prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 4 to August 6, 1992; Omarska
concentration camp (cca 17 kilometres east of Prijedor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... Three groups of prisoners were
interned in the Omarska concentration camp:
-a group intended for execution;
-a group intended for exchange;
-a group that Serbs considered useless.
One of the guards in the Omarska concentration camp was Mladen
Radic nicknamed "Krkan" who worked as a policeman in Ljubija
until 1988. Juro Gavranovic nicknamed Bugarin was brutally
murdered in the Omarska camp. (...) Mr. Ilijaz Drobic (MA in
mining, resident of Sanski Most) who used to work in the Ljubija
iron ore mine, was tortured and consequently beaten to death. He
claimed that he was interned to the concentration camp by the
manager of the Ljubija iron ore mine, Ostoja Marjanovic..."
PERPETRATORS: Serb authorities in the Omarska concentration camp;
Mladen Radic nicknamed "Krkan".
EVIDENCE: Video and audio tape recording of an interview with a
witness, supplemented by a written statement currently kept in
the archives of the Centre.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL, AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Aljmas.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Our Lady of Solace (Shrine of the
Blessed Virgin Mary), the 1st category monument, built in 1852,
was damaged on the outside by mortars, and demolished on the
inside.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
002 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Antin.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Catholic Filial Church in Antin was
slightly damaged.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
003 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Apsevci.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Catholic Filial Church in Apsevci was
damaged. The church belfry was destroyed.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
004 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Bapska.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. George Catholic Filial Church was
built in 1764. In the first attack on the church the steeple and
the bells were destroyed. On October 25, 1991, four explosive
devices were placed inside the church. Strong detonation threw
the altar pieces to the ground and damaged the steeple and the
church front. Later on, the hand grenade was thrown inside the
church. On this occasion, the church interior was completely
demolished.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
005 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Bapska.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Catholic Filial Cemetery Church from
the 14th century is the 1st category monument (renovated in
1976). The gravestone inside the church was pierced by a rifle
grenade. The rectory was looted and turned into a militia
station. The rectory cellar was turned into a torture chamber.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
006 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Baranjsko Petrovo Selo.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Lawrence Catholic Parish Church
from 1903 was broken into by chetniks on August 30, 1991. They
smashed the church-organ, toppled the "versus populum" altar and
the ambo, broke the statues and the confessional, and threw about
the cassocks. They also broke into the rectory.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
007 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Beli Manastir.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Martin Catholic Parish Church
(built in 1774) is the 3rd category monument. On December 18,
1991, the rectory entrance was blown to pieces by a rifle
grenade. An explosive device was placed underneath the church
door. The belfry was damaged by rifle bullets.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
008 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Berak.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Beheading of St. John the Baptist
Church was damaged.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
009 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Bilje.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: The rectory, belfry, and the church
bells of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Church (built in 1775) were damaged.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 15.
010 CROATIA - DJAKOVO DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Bogdanovci.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Exaltation of Holy Cross Church was
severely damaged on September 22, 1991, after repeated attacks,
and subsequently completely destroyed.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "SACRAL INSTITUTIONS ON
TARGET", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, pp. 15.
XI. RACIAL AND OTHER DISCRIMINATION
001 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - October 10, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Desecration of bodies.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 10, 1991; the town of Tovarnik (cca 23
kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "On October 10, 1991, a deputy
commander came to us. There were ten of us. He ordered us to take
the shovels. We went out and sat in a trailer truck driven by a
militiaman. He had a five-pointed star on his cap. He drove us
from Cvejic's house (turned into a prison) towards the cemetery.
A Serb member of the so-called SAO Krajina Militia, Dule Stupar
from Tovarnik, went in front of us. An army excavator (of green
colour) followed us. The excavator dug out a channel. The driver
of the excavator told Dule to throw the bodies into the channel.
There were six bodies wrapped in blankets or nylon sacks. We
threw them into the channel one at a time. The person who dug out
the channel shouted: 'Shall we kill them too?' Our guard answered
that we finished our job and that he was taking us back to
prison. Later we heard that Father Burik and the mother of
Tomislav Ivkovic nicknamed "Subasa" were among those six bodies.
(...) M. C. from Tovarnik told me that he found the bodies of the
following residents of Tovarnik in a corn-field: Tomo Glibo; Pavo
Vrancic; Tomislav Ivkovic nicknamed "Subasa"; and another person
whose name he could not recall. He buried the bodies in a mass
grave.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb self-proclaimed authorities in
Tovarnik.
YPA - Yugoslave People's Army
Barry Marjanovich
We wish to inform you that our Centre has obtained pathological
and post mortem reports on the victims killed in Uzdol near
Prozor (B-H) on September 9, 1993. The reports were obtained from
the Split Hospital Pathology Laboratory, and they relate to the
information reported in the Weekly Bulletin no. 7, from September
20, 1993, p. 1, I/001). The victims' names are as follows:
1. Domin Raic (Ivo's son; born September 21, 1936)
2. Ivka Raic (Mate's daughter; born April 16, 1934)
3. Zorka Glibo (Mate's daughter; born October 10, 1938)
4. Mato Ljubic (Jozo's son; October 6, 1923)
5. Kata Ljubic (Franjo's son; September 10, 1948)
6. Kata Perkovic (Ilija's daughter; Stipe's wife; born September
24, 1922)
7. Luca Zelenika (Jozo's wife; born April 25, 1906)
8. Janja Zelenika (Krizan's daughter; born August 28, 1931)
9. Dragica Zelenika (Ante's daughter; born April 25, 1934)
10. Ivan Zelenika (Mate's son; born June 1, 1930)
11. Ruza Zelenika (Kazimir's daughter; born April 14, 1931)
12. Jadranka Zelenika (Kazimir's daughter; born January 8, 1981)
13. Ruza Zelic (Mijo's daughter; born December 25, 1943)
14. Marija Zelic (Jozo's daughter; born September 12, 1980)
15. Stjepan Zelic (Jozo's son; born January 2, 1983)
16. Ante Stojanovic (Jozo's son; born March 5, 1920)
17. Anica Stojanovic (Pero's wife; born November 4, 1949)
18. Frano Stojanovic (born January 6, 1916)
19. Stanko Raic (Niko's son; May 20, 1927)
20. Lucija Raic (Stanko's wife; born September 26, 1933)
21. Sima Raic (born July 6, 1914)
22. Mara Raic (Jakov's daughter; born November 26, 1938)
23. Mijo Raic (Marko's son; born September 12, 1924)
24. Ivka Raic (Mijo's wife; born April 29, 1921)
25. Serafina Stojanovic (elderly; birth date unknown)
26. Martin Ratkic (elderly; birth date unknown)
27. Kata Ratkic (Martin's wife; elderly; birth date unknown).
I. GENOCIDE
001 CROATIA - DVOR NA UNI - July 26, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: July 26, 1991; 10:30 a.m. - 9:00 p.m.;
villages of Kozibrod and Struga (north of Dvor na Uni).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On July 26, 1991, between 10:30 a.m.
and 9:00 p.m., members of the Serb paramilitary unit from Dvor na
Uni employed the civilians from Struga and Kozibrod as a live
shield in order to occupy the Kozibrod police station (Croatian
police). After that they massacred the civilians and members of
the police station. The civilian victims were as follows: Mile
Blazevic, Pajo Zuljevac, Pajo Knezevic, Mile Begic, Mile Pusic,
Mande Begic, and Pero Spanjic. Along with them, the following
members of the police force were killed: Zarko Gundic, Goran
Fedeljevic, Ivica Poric, Mladen Halapa, Branko Vuk, Zoran
Saronja, Davor Vukas, and Zeljko Filipovic. The following
civilians were seriously wounded by fire arms: Milan Bartolovic,
Ivo Spancic, Stjepan Mihocic, Milan Begic, Dragan Begic, Sefko
Begic, and Nikola Jukic.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the Serb paramilitary unit from Dvor na
Uni among whom were Predrag Orlovic, Nenad Korizma, Predrag
Korizma, Dragan Vranesevic, Dusan Badic, Jan Jankovic, Leonardo
Jankovic, Toso Sundac, Goran Barac, Nedjeljko Pasic, Milan
Begovic, Pero Krnjeta, and Dusan Tomasevic (all from Dvor na
Uni).
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: May 16, 1992 issue of "Vecernji List"
daily, p. 8. Entitled: "Nedostupni policiji, dostupni pravdi"
(Unliable to Police, Liable to Justice"). Document currently kept
in the archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - SISAK - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; destruction of civilian property; forcible displacement
of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; village of Staza (cca 3.5 kilometres
southeast of Sunja).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of Serb paramilitary
formations from the nearby villages (Donji Hrastovac, Pobrdjani,
Capljani, Sunja, and Sas) attacked civilian villagers of Staza,
and destroyed their houses and farm buildings. All 380 villagers
of Staza were forced to abandon the village. After forcibly
evicting the residents, the attackers looted and set on fire most
of the family houses and farm-buildings. The villagers were
forced to find shelter in the corn-fields, and on this occasion
they recognised some of the attackers.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary units among whom were
Gojko Mrdjenovic from the village of Pobrdjani, Milan Zelenkovic
nicknamed "Zeko" ("Bunny") from Sunja, Dragan Halagic from the
village of Donji Hrastovac, Cedo Cvor from the village of
Capljani, Nikola Ladjevic from the village of Sas, Jovo Cekic
from Sunja, Milan Kuzmanovic from Sunja, Jovan Vujkalija from the
village of Donji Hrastovac, Dusanka Vujkalija from the village of
Donji Hrastovac, Milan Bozic from the village of Donji Hrastovac,
Stojan Ereckovic from the village of Donji Hrastovac, Branka
Mrdjenovic nee Ereckovic (Stojan's daughter) from the village of
Donji Hrastovac, Zeljko Cvetkovic from the village of Pobrdjani,
Zdravko Cvetkovic from the village of Pobrdjani, Stevo Kaprolovic
from the village of Donji Hrastovac, Vlado Jasenovcan from the
village of Donji Hrastovac, Jefto Dragosavljevic from the village
of Donji Hrastovac, Predrag Burnic from the village of Donji
Hrastovac, Bosko Mrdjenovic from the village of Donji Hrastovac,
Perica Malencic from the village of Donji Hrastovac, Stevo
Dragovic from the village of Donji Hrastovac, and Dragan Domazet
from the village of Donji Hrastovac.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: May 18, 1992 issue of "Vecernji List"
daily, p. 8. Entitled: "Prepoznali zlocince" ("They Recognised
the Perpetrators"). Document currently kept in the archives of
the Centre.
003 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - May 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forcible eviction (depopulation)
of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 1992; Tovarnik (cca 23 kilometres
southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A witness describes in detail the
manner in which an armed group of masked Serbs from Tovarnik,
among whom were Dragan Sedlic, Zoran Lazarevic, and Stevan Srdic
(Trifun's son) looted Tovarnik, arrested 23 Croatian civilians,
and forced them to abandon the town, and find shelter with the
UNPROFOR Russian Battalion headquarters in Klisa. After spending
five days at the UNPROFOR Russian Battalion headquarters, the
evicted Croatians were relocated to Osijek (free section of the
Republic of Croatia).
PERPETRATORS: Members of the Serb paramilitary unit stationed in
Tovarnik, among whom were Dragan Sedlic, Zoran Lazarevic, and
Stevan Srdic (Trifun's son).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 CROATIA - SLUNJ - November/December 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November/December 1992; village of Gornji
Ladjevac (cca 6 kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Croatian civilians who remained in
their villages and towns after the Serb occupation of the Slunj
district (November 15, 1991) were maltreated, arrested, and
looted... Their situation did not improve after the arrival of
the UNPROFOR (Polish Battalion). According to an eye-witness,
during January 1992, the following civilians were burnt alive:
Mile Radocaj nicknamed "Mico", Ive Radocaj, Ante Radocaj, Roze
Radocaj and his son, and Bare Radocaj. Furthermore, two old women
(whose names the witness could not recall) were killed in the
neighbouring house. A couple of days later, the armed Serbs
killed and set on fire Ivica Mosavljevic and his wife Anka. In
February 1992, Slave and Pave (two Croatian civilians) were
killed. According to the witness the UNPROFOR put the event on
record at the time. In June 1992, Milan Pesic nicknamed "Beli"
("White", Serb by nationality) from the village of Popovac,
killed Dane Bogovic (a Croatian). In November 1992, Serbs threw
Ivica nicknamed "Janjin" (a Croatian civilian whose last name the
witness could not recall) off the cliff while he was still alive.
PERPETRATORS: Serb occupying paramilitary authorities in the
Slunj district; members of Serb paramilitary units, among whom
was Milan Pasic nicknamed "Beli"; members of the irregular Serb
police of the Slunj district.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
005 CROATIA - SLUNJ - February 17, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 17, 1993; the village of Donji
Ladjevac (cca 6 kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... After the YPA and Serb
paramilitary units attacked and occupied the Slunj district in
November 1991, they began terrorizing all of the non-Serb
residents of the district. The immediate perpetrators were Serbs
from the village of Susnica, Brocanac, and Posic (all members of
the so-called Serb Territorial Defense Unit). They terrorized the
population in various manners: looting, intimidation, and
murders. Their principal intention was to forcibly evict the
remaining non-Serb population. The major perpetrators were Milan
Vukelic nicknamed "Mico", Simo Devic, Milorad Cuic nicknamed
"Bekrija", and Nenad Tepavac..." The witness reports in detail
how he was maltreated by his torturers (they fired on his house,
slashed him with a knife on the face, etc.). According to his
account, on February 17, 1993, armed Serbs killed a Croatian
civilian Pavo Samardzija. The witness gives the location of the
murder and data on the perpetrators.
PERPETRATORS: Serb occupying self-proclaimed authorities; members
of Serb paramilitary units, among whom are Milan Vukelic
nicknamed "Mico", Simo Devic, Milorad Cuic nicknamed "Bekrija",
Nenad Tepavac.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
007 B-H - SARAJEVO - November 9, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians; infliction
of heavy bodily harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 9, 1993; Sarajevo (a section of the
city called Alipasino Polje).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Three elementary school students and
their teacher were killed during a mortar attack on the section
of Sarajevo called Alipasino Polje, when the shell fired by the
military post of the Bosnian Serb Army hit the school building.
At that moment, a group of children waited in front of the
building for the school start, while another group was waiting
for bread. After the attack, 20 wounded, mostly children, were
accepted to the Sarajevo Hospital.
PERPETRATORS: Members of the Bosnian Serb Army.
EVIDENCE: Editorial news obtained by REUTER and published on the
cover page of the November 10, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik" daily.
Title: "Mina pred skolu - cetiri poginula, mnogo ranjenih" ("The
School Hit by Shell - Four Killed, Many Wounded"). Document
currently kept in the archives of the Centre.
NOTE: The most recent Sarajevo tragedy occurred during the visit
of UN peace envoy, Mr. Thorvald Stoltenberg, to the city.
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIAN POPULATION
001 CROATIA - May 1-2, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Employment of measures of
intimidation and terror; looting and destruction of civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: May 1-2, 1993; village of Gornji Ladjevac (cca
6 kilometres east of Slunj).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: According to an eye witness, Milan
Juzbasic (19 years old) from the village of Brezovac, and Milan
Kresev (23 years old) from the village of Brocanac, both of Serb
nationality, came to the witness' yard and took away his tractor.
The witness reported the theft to the UN Polish Battalion). The
next morning, around 6:30, armed Serbs came to the witness'
house: Mico Vukelic from Slunj (born in the village of Brocanac),
Simo Delic from Slunj, and Djuro Tepavac nicknamed "Galin" from
Slunj. They were dressed in uniforms, and they carried a heavy
machine gun. "Galin" had a 70 cm long sabre attached to his
waist. They threatened the witness, and told him that he should
be very careful to whom he reported thefts. The witness quotes
his words: "Today will take your tractor, tomorrow your cow, and
the day after tomorrow we'll take off your head." According to
the witness, Milan Cvjeticanin and Rade from Kosa looted civilian
property. The family houses of evicted Croatians from the village
of Gornji Ladjevac were set on fire by Bekrija Cuic from the
village of Brocanac, Neno Tepavac, and other two anonymous male
persons.
PERPETRATORS: Milan Juzbasic (19 years old) from the village of
Brocanac; Milan Kresev (23 years) from the village of Brocanac;
Mico Vukelic from Slunj; Simo Delic from Slunj; Djuro Tepavac
nicknamed "Galin" from Slunj; Milan Cvjeticanin; a person called
Rade from Kosa; Bekrija Cuic from the village of Brocanac; Neno
Tepavac.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - October 8, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Internment into concentration
camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 8, 1991; Borovo Naselje (cca 4
kilometres north of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On October 8, 1991, a group of
civilians tried to extinguish the fire in the "Komerc" building
in Borovo Naselje, but were arrested by members of the Serb
paramilitary unit among whom was Slavoljub nicknamed "Seljo"
("Hick"), the "Borsalino" cafe proprietor from Borovo Naselje. On
that same day, they were transferred to Serbia in a YPA
transporter, and interned in the Stajicevo concentration camp
(Serbia). During the transport from Borovo Naselje to the
concentration camp, the arrested civilians were maltreated by
four Serb escorts, members of the Serb paramilitary units. The
witness stated in his statement that some 6,500 persons were
interned in the Stajicevo camp, among whom were many females. He
also stated that the interned persons were mostly from Vukovar,
Borovo Naselje, and Miklusevci (Croatia).
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary unit
from Borovo Naselje, among whom was Slavoljub nicknamed "Seljo"
(a Serb, the "Borsalino" cafe proprietor).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA - VUKOVAR - October 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1991; the town Sarengrad (cca 27
kilometres southeast of Vukovar).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: According to a witness' statement, the
town of Sarengrad was first attacked from the territory of Serbia
proper. Residential areas, economic installations, and road
communications were shelled and considerably damaged. During the
mortar attack, the following residents were killed: Jule
Saracevic, and the local veterinarian Josip (the witness cannot
recall his last name). The witness claims that he watched
movement on the territory of Serbia proper through binoculars,
and he noticed five heavy machine guns that fired on Sarengrad.
The witness saw when a tank stationed on the Serbian bank of the
Danube river (left bank of the Danube) fired eight mortars on the
Sarengrad Orthodox Church, and one mortar on the local Catholic
church. According to the witness' account the attack was launched
around October 16, 1991. After the attack, the YPA soldiers under
the command of a YPA major entered the town and demanded from the
residents to surrender all of their arms, which was done soon
after.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 CROATIA/SERBIA - ZRENJANIN - October 8, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture, inhumane treatment,
raping of female prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 8 to December 10, 1991, Stajicevo
concentration camp (south of Zrenjanin).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A former female prisoner in the
Stajicevo concentration camp near Zrenjanin (Serbia) reports in
her statement of sexual maltreatment she had to endure during her
stay in the Stajicevo concentration camp. The brutality that she
experienced by the YPA members (the camp authorities) included
physical maltreatment (battering), forced oral, vaginal and anal
sexual intercourse, extinguishing cigarettes on the nude body...
Only during the first night spent in the camp (October 9, 1991),
the witness was raped by seven men (aged 25 to 30). She was raped
from 1:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m. Among the rapists was a YPA captain,
and a YPA soldier named Bozo. According to the witness, the YPA
soldiers raped her almost every night that she spent in the camp.
She states that the other female prisoners (aged 17 to 50) were
also raped.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members (organizers of the concentration camp;
they were the only authority in the camp); among them was a YPA
captain, and a soldier by the name Bozo.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 SERBIA - RUMA - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of suffering and
physical injuries.
TIME AND LOCATION: 1991; Ruma (cca 50 kilometres northwest of
Belgrade).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After occupying the town of Tovarnik
(October 20, 1991), YPA members, along with the members of Serb
paramilitary units, interned the local civilians (predominately
Croatians) to various camps throughout Serbia. According to a
witness account, YPA soldiers brought a group of civilians to a
farm near the town of Ruma. The prisoners were taken off the bus
two by two. The witness was ordered by a soldier dressed in the
YPA uniform to strip to the nude. After that the soldier
threatened him that he was going to castrate him, and showed with
gestures how he was going to do it. After the witness, a woman
who was his neighbour was roll-called. She was ordered to strip
the clothes from the lower part of her body (her skirt...). At
that point, the witness was removed from the room, while the
soldier detained the woman in the room for several more hours.
The witness states that he saw the YPA soldiers carrying out
glass bottles (7 decilitres) filled with a dark fluid, which he
thinks was a blood of the prisoners who had been escorted into
that room. The witness did not see those prisoners ever again.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a prisoner,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1, 1991; Bosanka.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Ascension of Our Lord Catholic Church
was damaged on October 1, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
002 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: Beginning of October, 1991; Brasina (Zupa
Dubrovacka).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Luke's Catholic Filial Church was
damaged in September 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
003 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1, 1991; Brgat.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Anne's Filial Church (built in
1348) was damaged by mortar shells on October 1, 1991. It was hit
by ten shells on October 27, and later burnt to the ground.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
004 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1, 1991; Brgat.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Anne's Parish Church (built in
1912) was damaged on October 1, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
005 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 5, 1991; Brsecine.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Anne's Catholic Filial Church.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
006 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 7, 1991; Cavtat.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Our Lady of the Snow Franciscan Church
(built in 1484) belfry received a direct hit by a mortar. The
Franciscan monastery, the Racic Family Church-Mausoleum (built by
Ivan Mestrovic in 1921) were also damaged on that occasion.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
007 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: Beginning of October, 1991; Cilipi.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Nicholas' Filial Church (built in
1858) was damaged in early October, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
008 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 7, 1991; Doli (Zaton).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Peter and Paul Catholic Filial
Church (built in 1668) was damaged in the missile attack on
November 7, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
009 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 11, 1991; Boninovo (Dubrovnik).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Hilarius' Catholic Church and
Cemetery were damaged on November 11, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
010 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 11, 1991; Dubrovnik.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Assumption Cathedral (built in 1713)
was shelled on November 11, 1991, and further damaged on December
6, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
EVIDENCE: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on Target", issued
1992 by The Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 2nd edition, p.
61.
011 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of cultural and
historic objects.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1991; Dubrovnik.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: During several weeks of attacks on
Dubrovnik, many cultural monuments were damaged, such as the
historic core of Cilipi, while the building of "Zavicajna
zajednica" ("Home Club") was destroyed. The historic Isle of
Lokrum was damaged. The Bozdari-Skaprlenda Castle in Cajkovica
(built in the early 18th century) was damaged, Sorkocevic (Sorgo)
Castle in Komolac (Rijeka Dubrovacka) was hit by several
projectiles. The Bizzaro summer villa in Cempresat, a unique
example of the baroque architecture in Croatia, was damaged. The
Arboretum Garden, and the roofed terrace of the Gusetic Castle in
Trsteno fired on from the heavy artillery guns and planes and set
on fire. During the attacks on Rijeka Dubrovacka, the 16th
century Gradic-Kosijanovic summer villa in Komolac was damaged.
The medieval St. Catherine's Tower at the Isle of Lokrum was
severely damaged during a naval attack on the island.
PERPETRATORS: YPA members; members of the Serb paramilitary
units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Report by the Institute for Protection of
the cultural monuments, Zagreb.
YPA - Yugoslave People's Army
Barry Marjanovich
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/mil-ii011008e.htm
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.slobodnadalmacija.hr/20000621/novosti3.htm
"Molim Vas, nemojte nas vise spasavati!"
http://www.vido.ldh.org/images/serbia.jpg
http://www.hkz.hr/Hrvatsko_slovo/2001/317/t26.htm
II WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - PAKRAC - August 19, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment and
internment into camps.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 19, 1991; the town of Lipik (cca 4
kilometres southwest of Pakrac).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... I was arrested by local people,
Serb villagers of Seovica, who were dressed in YPA uniforms.
(...) They blindfolded me, and after a 20 kilometre ride they led
me into a house where they questioned me. During the
interrogation, they kept punching me, mostly on the head. (...)
The cloth that covered my eyes shifted a bit, just enough so that
I could see what was happening around me. I saw Dr. Ivan Sreter ,
the head of the Lipik hospital, in the room. He was arrested near
the barricade in the village of Kukunjevac on August 18, 1991,
and taken into an unknown direction. We spent approximately two
hours in this room, and then they took me to a bathroom where
they resumed to beat me... On the following morning they took me
to the village of Branesce, and locked me in an abandoned village
house. Dr. Ivan Sreter was already there. He was lying on the
bed. We were both terribly beaten. We were confined in this house
until August 29, 1991, when they took me to the camp in the
village of Bucje (cca 20 kilometres east of Pakrac). I have not
seen Dr. Ivan Sreter ever again. (...) Upon our arrival in the
village of Bucje, they imprisoned me in the basement of the
forestry office (2x2 metres wide), and after several days they
transferred me to a 3x3 metre room in an old veterinarian
station...."
PERPETRATORS: Armed Serb villagers of Seovica, dressed in YPA
uniforms.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: November 22, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik"
daily, p. 6. Title: "Kad jednom vidis smrt, straha vise nema"
("Once You Face the Death, There Is No More Fear"). Document
currently kept in the archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - SINJ - November 20, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Employment of measures of
intimidation and terror.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 20, 1993; the village of Kosore near
Vrlika (cca 26 kilometres southeast of Knin).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On Saturday, November 20, 1993, ten
Croatian villagers of Kosore (currently under Serb self-
proclaimed authorities' occupation) crossed to the free territory
of the Republic of Croatia, through mediation of the UNHCR:
Draginja Jovic (67 years old), Ivan Jovic (68 years old), Mara
Jovic (64 years old), Tomislav Jovic (57 years old), Mara Jovic
(78 years old), Boja Radnic (77 years old), Ante Radnic (74 years
old), Sima Radnic (67 years old), Petar Radnic (79 years old),
and Anka Lelas (75 years old). Another two elderly women arrived
with them: Stana Zidar from the village of Vinalic, and Kata
Ljubicic from Knin. "... We lived in fear and uncertainty,
although we were not physically maltreated...", said Tomislav
Jovic. A journalist of "Vjesnik" (M. M.) found out during his
conversation with the UNHCR representatives, that the remaining
Croatian residents in the occupied regions of the Republic of
Croatia have been terrorized by individual extremists, and that
two elderly women, Luca Klepo and Pera Erceg from the village of
Kosore, refused to abandon their estates.
PERPETRATORS: Serb occupying self-proclaimed authorities in this
region.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: November 22, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik"
daily, p. 5. Title: "Dvije starice odbile napustiti zavicaj"
("Two Elderly Women Refused to Abandon Their Home Village").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK - October 10, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Employment of measures of
intimidation and terror; looting of civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 10, 1991; the village of Banje near
Slano (cca 45 kilometres northwest of Dubrovnik).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: YPA members from Montenegro occupied
the town of Slano on September 4, 1991, and the village of Banje
on October 10, 1991. All of the Croatian villagers escaped from
the village, except for 16 predominately elderly persons who
underwent daily maltreatment and intimidation. Furthermore, YPA
members looted the Croatian property and transferred it to
Montenegro systematically and on the daily basis. "... One day,
four of them came. They searched for money and arms. I told them
that I did not have them. One of them, a bearded man, took five
or six knives. The other man demanded a flashlight. They searched
the store-room and the fireplace. They found nothing. Then they
went upstairs, to my room. I went with them. They closed the door
behind us and one of them ordered me to take off my clothes. I
stripped. He beat me on the fingers, body and head. The blows
were not hard, but I was scared. Then the bearded man who carried
the knives got into the room and put the knives on the bed. He
told me to surrender him all of my money. The knives were lined
up on the bed, and I was standing naked in front of them. My wife
came into the room and started crying, and one of the soldiers
hit her over the mouth and pushed her out of the room. The
bearded soldier hit me on the face (I almost fainted from the
blow), and then he sat on the bed and took one of the knives. He
asked me: "Where shall we begin? From your head or from your
legs?" They said something to each other, and then they ordered
me to dress up. They opened the closet, and took all of the
clothes out saying: "This is for the army, and this is not. We
need this, we do not need that." They knocked my typewriter on
the floor, and smashed it. They took the things that they had
chosen with them, and while leaving they said that they were
coming next day to pick up the rest..."
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers from Montenegro.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK - November/December 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of suffering and
serious bodily harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: November/December 1991; the village of Banje
near Slano (cca 45 kilometres northwest of Dubrovnik).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... That evening, we were already in
bed when we heard a machine gun fire near us. Then they came and
started banging on our door, and demanding that we let them in. I
opened the door. They looked for rakija (brandy). I brought one-
litre bottle. They drank. They tried to make me drink with them,
but I refused. They wanted some coffee so we went to the kitchen.
Our neighbour and his sister slept in the kitchen. When the
soldiers saw that someone was in the kitchen, they started
yelling: "Hands up!" Then they started shooting around the
kitchen from their automatic guns, and when they calmed down,
they told us to give them our money and arms. Ratko Milajic from
Kolasin in Montenegro took my wife into the next room, while the
other soldier beat me. My wife started shouting for help, and I
ran into the room. I saw that Ratko Milajic had a gun in his
hand, and in his other hand he held my wife. I asked him what he
was doing. He fired from his machine gun and wounded me in the
leg. I fell on the floor. He pointed his gun at my wife. At one
point she pushed him aside, and his gun fell on the floor. While
he was picking it up she ran away, and I crawled out of the room
over the window. We managed to escape, and we heard a machine gun
fire in the house. Soon after that, a hand grenade exploded
inside the house. In the morning, everything was quiet again.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers from Montenegro, YPA soldier Ratko
Milajic from Kolasin (Montenegro).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording with a witness, supplemented by a
written statement currently kept in the archives of the Centre.
005 CROATIA - BIOGRAD - November 22, 1993
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians; killings of
civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 22, 1993; the town of Pakostane (cca
8 kilometres southeast of Biograd).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Ivan Marketin (born 1951, a Croatian
resident of Pakostane, and a father of three children) died on
November 22, 1993, around 6:00 p.m., in the Zadar Medical Centre,
after being seriously wounded in the artillery attack that Serb
irregular units launched on Pakostane on November 22, 1993
(around 2:30 p.m.).
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb irregular units stationed in the
UNPA zone South.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: November 24, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik"
daily, p. 6. Title: "Nova zrtva topnickog napada" ("The Most
Recent Victim of the Artillery Attack"). Document currently kept
in the archives of the Centre.
NOTE: Serb irregular units opened fire on the town of Pakostane
from the occupied regions of the Republic of Croatia that are
under the UNPROFOR control (UNPA zone South).
006 CROATIA - OSIJEK - August 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Forcing civilians to loot, and
looting and/or destruction of civilian property.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 1, 1991; the village of Erdut (cca 30
kilometres east of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On August 1, 1991, members of the YPA
Novi Sad Corps occupied the village of Erdut. Upon entering the
village, YPA members destroyed Nikola Jaman's and Edvard Sakic's
houses. At the same time, militant persons among the Serb
population mobilized and forced those Croatian and Hungarian
civilians who remained in the village to loot Croatian and
Hungarian owned houses and properties. After that, Serbs and YPA
soldiers transferred the stolen goods across the Danube River
into Serbia (that is Voivodina). They looted and took away
everything they found (wheat, corn, wood, livestock,
furniture...).
PERPETRATORS: Members of YPA Novi Sad Corps; militant Serb
villagers of Erdut.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written report currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
007 CROATIA - OSIJEK - August 10, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 10, 1991; the village of Erdut (cca 30
kilometres east of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On August 10, 1991, members of YPA
Novi Sad Corps and members of irregular militia (who wore
"Krajina Militia" insignia on their uniforms) comprised of Serb
villagers of Erdut, began with unlawful arrests of Croatian and
Hungarian civilians who remained in the town after the YPA
occupation. The following civilians were arrested and taken to
Dalj on August 10, 1991: Zvonko Tucak, Nikica Gaspar, a person
called Simic (nicknamed "Siljo"), a person called Simek
(nicknamed "Braca"), Drago Nikl, Djuro Albert, Pavao Bek, and a
person called Stimac. After an interrogation and physical
maltreatment the following persons were released, Zvonko Tucak,
Djuro Albert, Pavao Bek, a person called Simek (nicknamed
"Braca") and a person called Stimac, while the following persons
were taken to Borovo Selo: Nikica GaSpar, Drago Nikl, and a
person called Simic (nicknamed "Siljo"), who were also released
approximately ten days later. On August 25, 1991, members of
irregular militia called "Krajina Militia" in the town of Erdut,
arrested the following Croatian residents of Erdut: Nikica
Gaspar, Luka Sutalo, and a person called Simic (nicknamed
"Siljo"). They were imprisoned for seven days in the village of
Dalj, and then they were transferred to Borovo Selo, where the
witness recognized some of the persons who had been previously
arrested, and had been brought to Borovo Selo before him. These
were as follows: Slavko Palinkas, and Antika Koletar (both
villagers of Aljmas). Several days later, the arrested Croatians
Luka Sutalo from Erdut, and Slavko Palinkas were returned to Dalj
and imprisoned in the "Kooperacija" company building, where they
found the following prisoners: Pavao Zemljak (professor from Beli
Manastir), Vladimir Zemljak (Pavao's son, president of the
Croatian Democratic Union in the village of Batina), a young man
called Zeljko from the village of Sotin (member of the Croatian
police who was captured in the village of Bilje), five male
villagers of Bilje, Pavle Bek from the village of Erdut, and Haso
Brajovic from the village of Erdut.
PERPETRATORS: Members of YPA Novi Sad Corps, members of irregular
militia called "Krajina Militia" from Erdut, Dalj and Borovo
Selo.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
008 CROATIA - OSIJEK - December 10, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Unlawful imprisonment.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 10, 1991; the village of Erdut (cca
30 kilometres east of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A member of the irregular militia
called "Krajina Militia", Milenko Simic from Erdut (Serb by
nationality), along with several other persons unknown to the
witness, arrested the following Croatian villagers of Erdut on
December 10, 1991: Aleksandar Raic, Mato Butkovic, Stipan
Kovacevic, Ivica Kovacevic, Andrija Matina, and a person
nicknamed "Kukan". The arrested Croatians were taken in an
unknown direction. A Croatian villager of Erdut, C. S., asked a
Serb villager Jela Kovacevic about the whereabouts of the
arrested men and was replied that they were executed by members
of an Arkan's unit. On December 24, 1991, the following Croatian
civilians were arrested and taken in an unknown direction: Manda
Maj from Erdut, a man called Simek (nicknamed "Braca"), and a
woman called Marica from the village of Orasje (B-H). Their
whereabouts is yet unknown. On February 21, 1992, the following
villagers of Erdut were arrested and taken in an unknown
direction: Vicuska Albert and her mother, Djuro Albert and his
wife. There has been no trace of them since.
PERPETRATORS: Members of irregular militia called "Krajina
Militia" from Erdut, among whom was Milenko Simic.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
009 CROATIA - OSIJEK - February 2, 1992
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of suffering and bodily
harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 2, 1992; the village of Erdut (cca 30
kilometres east of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On February 2, 1992, members of
Arkan's unit (a Serb paramilitary unit, organized and led by
Zeljko Raznjatovic nicknamed "Arkan" from Belgrade) arrived in
Erdut. Members of the unit paid a visit to every Croatian or
Hungarian owned house and physically maltreated (beat) civilians.
They forced a Croatian villager Josip Lucan to take off all of
his clothes, and then they pierced his back with various needles.
They were particularly brutal towards Zoran Goretic (a Croatian)
whom they battered.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Arkan's unit (a Serb paramilitary unit
organized and led by Zeljko Raznjatovic nicknamed "Arkan" from
Belgrade.)
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 CROATIA - PAKRAC - August 29, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 29, 1991; the village of Bucje (cca 20
kilometres east of Pakrac).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On August 18, 1991, the Serbs from the
village of Seovica (dressed in YPA uniforms) arrested the witness
at his work. On August 29, 1991, the witness was transferred from
the village of Branesica to the village of Bucje where he was
detained. "... I observed that one woman was imprisoned in the
room next to ours. They also kept some 40 prisoners in the other
building, in the yard. We were allowed to go to the bathroom
twice a day, but they only let us be there for one or two
minutes. New prisoners were brought in every day. While escorting
them, the guards beat them with rifle-butts, and kicked them with
their feet. The Serbs who disagreed with orders and actions of
the self-proclaimed leaders of the Serb nation were also
imprisoned in the camp. Soon, all Croatians who were found in the
village of Bucje were imprisoned. By mid-October 1991, they
brought and imprisoned residents of Lipik (near Pakrac). Some of
the prisoners could hardly walk. They confined them in a shed
where there was no floor, nor windows. At that time, 80 male and
9 female prisoners were held in Bucje. Most of the prisoners were
Croatians, but there were also Czechs, Italians, Hungarians, and
even fifteen Serbs. We received no medical attention. They
allowed one soap on 30 prisoners every seven or ten days. The
water in which we washed ourselves every morning was freezing. We
were permitted seven or eight litres of drinking water a day. We
could not bathe, nor could we wash our clothes. We urinated into
a plastic bottle. They threatened and maltreated us all the time.
The prisoners were often treated brutally. We were cold, hungry,
beaten, maltreated, afraid, desperate, anxious, and spiritless.
On December 9, they loaded us on a truck. We hoped that they were
releasing us, but they transferred us to the Stara Gradiska camp
instead..."
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers, and Serbs from the villages around
Pakrac (dressed in YPA uniforms).
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: November 22, 1993, issue of "Vjesnik", p.
6. Title: "Kad jednom vidis smrt, straha vise nema" ("Once You
Face the Death, There Is No More Fear").
002 CROATIA - STARA GRADISKA - December 9, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment;
killing of prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 9, 1991; the Stara Gradiska camp.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On December 9, 1991, the witness was
brought to the Stara Gradiska camp, from the camp in the village
of Bucje. On the second day after his arrival, the camp
authorities offered him to execute the duties of a camp doctor.
He was assigned a nurse who was at the same time his guard, and
who supplied him with drugs and other medical equipment. In the
period between December 12, 1991 and February 6, 1992, the
witness examined 635 camp prisoners in Stara Gradiska. "... I
especially remember the Christmas Eve (December 24, 1991). I was
ordered to examine the prisoners who were brought in from the
town of Okucani (cca 12 kilometres north of Stara Gradiska). They
looked terrible. The first had several broken ribs, the second
had seriously damaged kidneys due to the continuous beating, the
third had a 2nd and 3rd degree burns on his palm (he was forced
to hold hot objects with his bare hands, and so on. A 57 year old
woman was brought with wounds on her legs caused by shock-
treatments. She was depressed and scared. I found out that the
camp guards had raped her, and then they forced other prisoners
to rape her too. Prior to that, they killed her husband. There
were other seriously ill prisoners who did not eat for two days,
and then they were forced to eat a very salty bacon, without
being allowed to drink any water for more than 24 hours after the
meal. According to those twelve persons that were brought on the
night of December 24, 1991, six prisoners were beaten to death in
the Okucani prison.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers, Serb Okucani prison authorities.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: November 22, 1993 issue of "Vjesnik"
daily, p. 6. Title: "Na Badnjak su dosli zatocenici iz Okucana"
(The Prisoners From the Okucani Arrived on the Christmas Eve").
Document currently kept in the archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA/MONTENEGRO - October 3, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Inhumane treatment and infliction
of suffering to prisoners.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 3, 1991; the village of Morinje, the
Bay of Boka Kotorska (the village of Morinje is situated between
the towns of Risan and Kumbor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On October 3, 1991, members of YPA
Titograd Corps captured twelve members of the Croatian Army,
among whom was the witness, in the village of Mikulici (cca 55
kilometres southwest of Dubrovnik, the Republic of Croatia). A
YPA soldier nicknamed "Pop" (43 years old, bearded) escorted
prisoners to the village of Djurinici. They walked cca 4
kilometres. From the village of Djurinici to the border-line of
the Republic of Croatia with Montenegro (Cape Presvlaka), the
prisoners were transferred in an army truck. There were many YPA
soldiers (the Titograd Corps) and the so-called volunteers
(members of irregular units) from Cetinje (Montenegro) who
physically maltreated prisoners (they beat them with rifle-butts,
and kicked them with their feet). The Belgrade TV crew was also
at Cape Prevlaka, and one of the cameramen (bearded, with his
hair tied in a pony tail, and with round eye-glasses) kicked the
prisoners and shouted: "This one goes for your Tudjman and
democracy!" The TV crew filmed the prisoners and the film footage
was shown at the Montenegro national TV. From Cape Prevlaka (the
Republic of Croatia) to the village of Morinje (Montenegro), the
prisoners were transferred by a YPA boat. During the transport,
the prisoners were physically maltreated by YPA soldiers. Upon
their arrival in the village of Morinje, the prisoners were
transferred to a storehouse (which served as an ammunition dump
during the Austro-Hungarian Empire) by an army van. The prisoners
were confined in a 90 square metre room. The window-panes on all
of the six windows were broken, but the windows were barred
nevertheless. Here, YPA soldiers confined the civilians whom they
captured in the Republic of Croatia (elderly men born in 1907
included). All captives were physically maltreated on the regular
basis. The prisoners were maltreated by Savo Lucic (YPA military
policeman from the village of Sutorin, near Herceg-Novi in
Montenegro), an army cook in the camp, and by a YPA reservist (a
"Tara-Cetinje" bus driver). The prisoners were questioned by
Mladen Govedarica nicknamed "Mladjo" (before the war he was on
the police force in Dubrovnik), a man named Karanovic (a security
unit commander in the Kupari military resort centre), and a YPA
soldier from Varazdin. According to the witness, the first 35
days of imprisonment were ghastly, and then the ICRC
representatives arrived around November 8, 1991. The witness and
other prisoners were released after 72 days of imprisonment, and
transferred to Split by the Greek ship "Rodos II".
PERPETRATORS: YPA Titograd Corps; members of a Montenegrin
irregular unit from Cetinje (Montenegro), a military policeman
Savo Lucic from the village of Sutorina (near Herceg-Novi),
Mladen Govedarica nicknamed "Mladjo", a person called Karanovic.
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
004 CROATIA/MONTENEGRO - October 3, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of suffering and bodily
harm.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 3, 1991; the camp in the village of
Morinje, Montenegro (the village of Morinje is located between
Risan and Kumbor).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of YPA Titograd Corps arrested
the witness and other 16 members of the Croatian Army near the
village of Molat (the Republic of Croatia), and interned them
into the camp in the village of Morinje where the witness was
detained in the period between October 3 and December 12, 1991.
On December 12, 1991, he was released, along with 28 other
soldiers of the Croatian Army and a large number of Croatian
civilians. According to the witness, some 300 Croatian civilians
(citizens of the Republic of Croatia) were interned in the
Morinje camp. The prisoners were daily maltreated (beaten) by YPA
soldiers and officers. The witness was physically maltreated on
several occasions, and once he was beaten to such an extent that
he fainted from the pain. Due to constant maltreatment he has
sustained four damaged vertebrae, six broken ribs, he does not
feel anything in his left leg nor in his both arms, and he
suffers from terrible headaches. After his release, the witness
underwent the medical examination, and was treated in a hospital,
however, his condition has not improved.
PERPETRATORS: Members of YPA Titograd Corps; camp authorities in
Morinje (Montenegro).
EVIDENCE: Audio tape recording of an interview with a witness,
supplemented by a written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
005 CROATIA - OSIJEK - September 17, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of suffering and bodily
harm; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 17, 1991; the village of Dalj, a
building of the "Kooperacija" company (cca 25 kilometres east of
Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Members of irregular militia called
"Krajina Militia" arrested the following civilians and imprisoned
them in the building of the "Kooperacija" company in Dalj: Slavko
Palinkas (a Croatian villager of Aljmas), Luka Sutalo (a Croatian
villager of Erdut), Pavao Zemljak (a Croatian resident of Beli
Manastir), Vladimir Zemljak (Pavao's son, a Croatian villager of
Batina), a young man called Zeljko from Sotin (a member of the
Croatian police), five villagers from Bilje (whose nationality is
unknown to the witness), Pavao Bek (a Croatian villager of
Erdut), and Haso Bajrovic (a Muslim villager of Erdut). On
September 17, 1991, Zeljko Raznjatovic "Arkan", along with a
large group of his soldiers (members of Arkan's paramilitary
unit) entered the room where prisoners were confined, and
physically maltreated them. As the consequence of such treatment,
a young man from Sotin called Zeljko sustained numerous wounds
all over his body, and his ribs were broken; Pavao Bek sustained
several head injuries, and lost three teeth; and Vladimir Zemljak
sustained a serious eye injury. On September 22, 1991, Goran
Hadzic, one of Goran Hadzic's bodyguards, Zeljko Raznjatovic
"Arkan", and several other persons unknown to the witness came
into the prisoner room and maltreated the prisoners. After a
while, they ordered Luka Sutalo and Slavko Palinkas to leave the
room, under pretense that they were releasing them. Ten minutes
later, Slavko Palinkas returned to the prisoner room with the
intention to give cigarettes to other prisoners, but he found
that the room was empty. He asked a guard about the whereabouts
of the other prisoners and was answered: "They are where they
belong." Slavko Palinkas explained that he wanted to give them
cigarettes. The guard mockingly answered: "They don't need any
cigarettes, they have smoked their last ones."
PERPETRATORS: Members of irregular militia called "Krajina
Militia" from Dalj; members of Arkan's paramilitary unit; Zeljko
Raznjatovic "Arkan"; Goran Hadzic (president of the self-
proclaimed artifice called "SAO Krajina" (Federal Autonomous
Province of Krajina); Goran Hadzic's personal bodyguards.
EVIDENCE: A witness written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 6, 1991; Dubrovnik.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Vitus' Chapel (in the Miha Picat
Street) was damaged on December 6, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb irregular units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", 1992, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, p. 61.
002 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 12, 1991; Dubrovnik.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Felix' Church (in Ulica Izmedju
Vrata) was damaged on November 12, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb irregular units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", 1992, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, p. 61.
003 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 6, 1991; Dubrovnik.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Annunciation Church (near the Ploce
gates) was damaged on December 6, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb irregular units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", 1992, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, p. 61.
004 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 6, 1991; Dubrovnik.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Elizabeth's Church (on the
Starcevic road) was damaged on December 6, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb irregular units.
YPA - YUGOSLAVE PEOPLE'S ARMY
Barry Marjanovich
We wish to inform you that our Centre has obtained, from the
Karlovac hospital, medical records of civilian residents of Duga
Resa and Karlovac who were wounded or killed in the period
between March 31, 1991, and September 15, 1993. The acquired data
reveal that 330 civilians were medically treated in the Karlovac
hospital in that period. 30 per cent of victims died, while
others were treated and either hospitalized or released
afterwards. The majority of victims were either wounded or killed
by shell fragments. The attacks on villages and towns in Karlovac
area were aimed primarily at civilians and were launched from
occupied regions of the Republic of Croatia that were at the time
under control of the YPA, Serb insurgents, and members of Serb
paramilitary units (Serb volunteers from Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia,
and Montenegro).
II. WAR CRIMES AGAINST CIVILIANS
001 CROATIA - OSIJEK - August 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Infliction of suffering, and
killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 1, 1991; Dalj (cca 24 kilometres east
of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After the occupation of Dalj, on
August 1, 1991, members of YPA and paramilitary Serb formations
ordered a restricted movement of Croatian and Hungarian civilians
around the area. According to a witness, two Serb residents of
Dalj were particularly notorious for torturing and killing of
Croatian and Hungarian civilians: Bato Puvac and Dana Calosevic
(Dragoljub Calosevic's wife). Bato Puvac bragged in public that
he beat his prisoners with an iron rod, and a device called "ox
sinew" (a sort of a kourbash). He also confirmed that, according
to the Serb plans, whenever Croatian and Hungarian civilians were
intended for execution, they had to dig out their own graves.
Some of them were held in pig-sties before being executed, they
were forced to wallow in pigs' excrements, and were subsequently
ordered to get out because, as chetniks put it "everything was
ready for hog-slaughter. The witness saw when Bato Puvac
maltreated his own father, mother, wife and children, threatening
that he would kill them too like those "ustasha swines". One day,
Bato Puvac arrived in an extreme nervous state, chased his family
from the house, and then committed suicide. Dana Calosevic
bragged in public that she participated in maltreating Croatian
and Hungarian prisoners. "Boy, did I ever get a kick out of
beating those ustasha swines!", said she.
PERPETRATORS: Bato Puvac (a Serb from Dalj); Dana Calosevic (a
Serb from Dalj, Dragoljub Calosevic's wife).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - OSIJEK - August 1, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Attack on civilians and civilian
property; killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: August 1, 1991; 4:20 a.m.; the villages of
Aljmas, Erdut and Dalj (east section of Osijek district).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On August 1, 1991, at 4:20 a.m.,
members of YPA and Serb paramilitary units attacked Aljmas, Erdut
and Dalj (east section of Osijek district) from three directions.
YPA soldiers arrived in Erdut from the direction of Voivodina
(Serbia), after crossing the Danube River at the bridge near the
village of Bogojevo. Along with them came 400 army tanks which
fired shells on civilians and civilian property. Serb
paramilitary units attacked Aljmas from the direction of Bijelo
Brdo, and Dalj from the directions of Bijelo Brdo, and Borovo
Selo. The Croatian and Hungarian villagers fled in panic, during
which time members of Serb paramilitary unit from Dalj opened
sniper fire on them. 60 civilians were killed, and 40 wounded in
this first attack. The bodies of killed civilians were mostly
mutilated. Through mediation of the Red Cross, 25 massacred
bodies were brought from Dalj to the Osijek hospital. Serbs
loaded the other killed and massacred bodies of civilians on a
tractor trailer, and transported them to a Roman Catholic
cemetery in Dalj, where they were buried in several mass graves.
Ilija Galic was killed on the threshold of his house. Serbs left
his body to lie there for four or five days, and then he was
buried at the local Roman Catholic cemetery.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units in
Bijelo Brdo, Borovo Selo, and Dalj.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
IV. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PRISONERS
001 CROATIA - OSIJEK - November/December 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Killing of civilians.
TIME AND LOCATION: November/December 1991; the village of Dalj
(cca 34 kilometres east of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: After the occupation of Vukovar, the
YPA and members of Serb paramilitary units arrested many Croatian
and Hungarian civilians. According to the witness' statement, he
was in a group of 48 civilians who were arrested by the Serb
self-proclaimed authorities and interned to the Brsadin camp
(west of Vukovar) where they were tortured, maltreated, and
starved. Particularly notorious among the torturers was one
female member of a Serb paramilitary unit called chetniks. After
a certain period of time, all prisoners were transferred from the
camp in Brsadin to Dalj, where they were detained in the building
near the market. On the first night, a group of chetniks entered
the room where 48 civilians from Vukovar were imprisoned, and
they placed an armchair in the centre of the room. They forced
imprisoned civilians to approach the back of the armchair, one by
one, lean on it and spread their legs. Then one of the chetniks,
who had 120 kilos, would charge at a prisoner while he was
standing in this position, and kick him in his testes. According
to the witness, 17 civilian prisoners from Vukovar (that is
everybody but him) were killed in this manner. The witness spent
three days in the prison near the market in Dalj, during which
time he saw how the prisoners jumped from the window in the
neighbouring room in order to save themselves. However, chetniks
were waiting in the yard, and they beat them to death with big
mallets.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary unit called chetniks.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
002 CROATIA - OSIJEK - November/December 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment.
TIME AND LOCATION: November/December 1991; Dalj (cca 24
kilometres east of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: A witness who has survived
imprisonment in the Serb camp in Dalj stresses how the prisoners
were mostly Croatians and Hungarians from the Osijek and Vukovar
districts. They were daily tortured and maltreated, and often
even killed by members of a Serb paramilitary unit from Dalj. The
witness mentions Milorad Stricevic, Branko Gajsovic, and Zeljko
Cizmic (all from Dalj) as the most notorious torturers in the
camp.
PERPETRATORS: Members of Serb paramilitary unit from Dalj among
whom were Milorad Stricevic, Branko Gajsovic, and Zeljko Cizmic
(all Serbs from Dalj).
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
003 CROATIA - GLINA - September 16, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Torture and inhumane treatment.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 16, 1991 to March 3, 1992; the
prison in Glina.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: On September 12, 1991, a witness, who
was a member of the Croatian Army at the time, was captured near
Hrvatska Kostajnica by members of Serb paramilitary unit called
the Territorial Defense Unit of SAO Krajina (the so-called "Serb
Autonomous Province of Krajina"). Until September 16, 1991, he
and other prisoners (also members of the Croatian Army) were
detained in the village of Kukuruzari (cca 20 kilometres
northwest of Hrvatska Kostajnica), and then they were transferred
by buses to the town of Glina and detained in the former civilian
prison. According to the witness statement, prisoners were kept
in a 9x5 meter room with some 30 beds. Two or three POWs slept in
one bed. All POWs were tortured and maltreated by Serb irregulars
dressed in uniforms. The witness was not able to recognize
insignia on their uniforms, neither could he determine whether
they belonged to a paramilitary unit, or to the YPA. After
approximately two months spent in the camp, the witness lost 12
kilos due to malnutrition. After the arrival of the ICRC
representatives, during November 1991, the entire situation in
the camp and the conduct towards the POWs slightly improved.
According to the witness, 44 imprisoned members of the Croatian
Army were released on October 31, 1991. The witness and another
66 imprisoned members of the Croatian Army (20 of them came from
the camp in Vojnic) were released on March 3, 1992. After this
date, another 7 members of the Croatian Army remained detained in
the Glina prison.
PERPETRATORS: Serb paramilitary units called the Territorial
defense of SAO Krajina (the so-called "Serb Autonomous Province
of Krajina"); camp authorities in Glina.
EVIDENCE: A witness' written statement currently kept in the
archives of the Centre.
VIII. DESTRUCTION OF SACRAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC OBJECTS
001 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 12, 1991; Dubrovnik (Posat).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Holy Cross Catholic Church was damaged
on November 12, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
002 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 12, 1991; Dubrovnik (Gornji Konal).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Holy Cross Church was damaged on
November 12, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
003 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 11, 1991; Dubrovnik (Srednji Konal).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. John the Baptist Church was
damaged on November 11, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
004 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 12, 1991; Dubrovnik.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: New Catholic Church and Baptistery on
St. Michael's were damaged on November 12, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
005 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: December 6, 1991; Dubrovnik (Prijeko).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Nicholas' Church was damaged on
December 6, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
006 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: February 5, 1992; Dubrovnik (Lopud).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Holy Trinity Church was damaged in a
missile attack launched from the chetniks' stronghold in
Brsecine.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
007 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: November 7, 1991; Gorica (Dubrovnik parish).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Vlach's Votive Chapel was damaged
in the attacks launched on November 7, and November 9, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
008 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 2, 1991; Gorica (Dubrovnik parish).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: St. Anne's Church was damaged on
October 2, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
009 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1, 1991; Gruda.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Holy Trinity Parish Church was damaged
on October 1, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
010 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October/November, 1991; Komolac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Holy Spirit Church and Cemetery were
damaged in mid-October; the church was burnt down in November
1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
011 CROATIA - DUBROVNIK DIOCESE - 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: October 1, 1991; Komolac.
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: Annunciation Church (situated near a
water-spring) was damaged on October 1, 1991.
PERPETRATORS: YPA soldiers; members of Serb paramilitary units.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION: Publication: "Sacral Institutions on
Target", Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1992, p. 62.
012 CROATIA - OSIJEK - September 26, 1991
DESCRIPTION OF REPORTED CRIME: Destruction of sacral objects and
properties.
TIME AND LOCATION: September 26, 1991; the village of Erdut (cca
30 kilometres east of Osijek).
SUMMARY OF REPORTED CRIME: "... On September 26, 1991, a group of
members of a Serb paramilitary unit.
YPA - YUGOSLAVE PEOPLE'S ARMY