On Education. From West Bengal and from Kerala
Romanise
Romanise
> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8311357.stm
>
> http://epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/14046.pdf
From second link.
The proportion of girls is higher in higher classes in schools. This
proportion is much higher in arts and science colleges both at the
graduate and postgraduate levels. The representation of girls in
professional courses is, however, comparatively low. The proportion of
girls is higher in higher classes in schools. This proportion is much
higher in arts and science colleges both at the graduate and
postgraduate levels. The representation of girls in professional
courses is, however, comparatively low. Among the teachers in schools,
the presence of female teachers is around 70% in Kerala as against 50%
in the country. In arts and science colleges, female teachers
constitute around 50%.
dmjo...@gmail.com
>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8311357.stm
>
>http://epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/14046.pdf
More from the second link.
- the proportion of households spending on private tuition/coaching is
much higher in rural Kerala than in rural India (17% in rural Kerala
and 8% in rural India). However, this proportion is only marginally
higher in urban Kerala compared to urban India (17% in urban Kerala
and 16% in urban India).
- the percentage of students receiving private tuition ranged from
6.7% in the pre-primary schools to 34.1% in high schools. These ratios
were 11.8% for lower primary schools, 21.5% for upper primary schools
and 29.6% for higher secondary.
- the annual private cost of students in government schools at Rs
2,313, Rs 2,992 and Rs 4,676 in lower primary, upper primary and high
school sections, respectively.
- [In] the aided schools are Rs 3,019, Rs 3,356 and Rs 4,421. In
unaided schools, private costs were much higher at Rs 9,100, Rs 9,281
and Rs 10,608.
- the private costs of the students in government and aided schools at
the upper primary and high school levels are more than the government
spending towards recurring expenses on these students.
- the private expenses of an engineering student in the government
college, who was staying away from her/his home for studies, was more
than half of the average household income of Kerala.
- the subsidised tuition fees in government engineering colleges
constituted only 3% of the total private costs of students residing in
hostels or lodges for their studies.
- yearly educational expenses – academic and maintenance incurred by
the families of a medical student were higher than the average
household income of the low income group.
- medical education is beyond the reach of these groups as the
scholarships cover only a fraction of the private costs.
- [Two close friends of mine, toppers in Board Exam of 1957, both of
Ahmedabad settled Middle Class families did not get sent to
Engineering or Medical college because of expenses. One became a
University Professor and another a College Professor of Languages. In
case of both, one's elder sibling and another's younger sibling both
scoring less than these two were sent to Engineering Cillege].
- [In] medical education...government medical colleges...about 90% of
the cost of education incurred by the students, is on non-fee
expenses.
Romanise
10 years before.
In any case the authors could not be interested even in questioning
why people who are willing to spend so much on school education of
their children are not demanding that they children be allowed to sit
at any School Board Examination having prepared without getting
enrolled at any School Board recognised school.
ModerateMallu
> http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8311357.stm
>
> http://epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/14046.pdf
The EPW article was kind of boring. A whole lot of discussion about
statistical data without much in terms of conclusions :-)
Romanise
I am forwarding your comment to the authors of the article. Did
forward what I wrote.