essay 2 sample introduction and References page

[snorko]

This sample intro is more extensive than students are required to
prepare. Note also that, in APA style, titles of long works should be
in italics, which do not appear here on this group board (to see this
page with italics, click http://www.snorko.org/e2sampleIntro.pdf).


Who we are as a nation: comparing today's ideas to those of the past

Cullen Murphy (2007) asks Are we Rome? His answer, in short, is a
list of six similarities and corresponding recommendations based on
both how Rome fared with those qualities or conditions and how the US
appears to be doing. The first in the list, and the subject of chapter
1, The capitals, is the national official and para-offical view of self
—and self-importance (in the US today, the so-called inside the
beltway mindset). Instead of finding complete success or failure on
either side of the Rome-US comparison, Murphy suggests that where the
Founding Fathers found useful models in Republican Rome for building
the US, we today might take caution in some of the negative examples
to be found in Imperial Rome.
Franklin (1770, 1769), Jefferson (1814, 1800), and Washington (1796)
all considered Rome's examples in military affairs, commerce, and
foreign relations, as well as national character, They looked to Rome
for lessons on liberty, freedom, anti-imperialism, and patriotism.
Their correspondents (Smith, 1753) and biographers note further
(Stazesky, 2000) examples. These ideas on what and who the Founding
Fathers thought US America and Americans should be and be like can be
compared to ideas today on who we think we are as a country.
Various bills and their support or lack thereof can give some
perspective into our national view of self: Davis' (2007) American
Eagle Day, DeMint's (2008) National day of prayer and rededication for
the men and women of the United States Armed Forces and their mission,
and Sanders' (2007) National Priorities Act provide interesting
counterpoint to Murphy's example of the $20 million budgeted for an
eventual "commemoration of success" after winning the wars in Iraq and
Afghanistan in the 2006 Defense Authorization Act (US Senate).
Searching the internet for the expression "who we are as Americans"
also yields a variety of current discussion, from both the major
Presidential candidates (McCain, 2008; Obama, 2008) to editorial
commentary (Hentoff, 2006). Analyzing these contemporary and
historical glimpses into national view of self along with the examples
from Are we Rome? shows Murphy's opinions to be [correct and his
recommendations warranted, over-exaggerated and advice unnecessary,
not strong enough and recommendations insufficient]. This leads to the
further conclusion that because [this truth that has been deciphered
through this original approach to the topic of the chapter: (fill in
here)], what should be done is [(fill in here)—a typical approach is
something big, that would take a lot of work and make a big
difference, but something that each reader could make a small but
meaningful contribution toward without extensive resources or
effort].


References

Davis, Rep. D. 2007, Apr. 26. H.RES.341: Supporting the goals and
ideals of "American Eagle Day," and celebrating the recovery and
restoration of the American bald eagle, the national symbol of the
United States. US House of Representatives.

DeMint, Sen. J. 2008, Jun. 5. Senate Resolution 587 IS: Declaring June
6, 2008, a national day of prayer and rededication for the men and
women of the United States Armed Forces and their mission. US Senate.

Franklin, B. 1770, Jan. 4. The Colonsits' Advocate: I. The Benjamin
Franklin Papers.
http://www.franklinpapers.org

-----. 1769, Apr. 4. Positions to be examined. The Benjamin Franklin
Papers.
http://www.franklinpapers.org

Hentoff, N. 2006, Oct. 24. Treason: Who Decides? The Military
Commissions Act of 2006 subverts who we are as Americans. Village
Voice.
http://www.villagevoice.com/2006-10-24/news/treason-who-decides/

Jefferson, T. 1814. Letter to J. W. Eppes. The Jeffersonian
Cyclopedia.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/foley/

-----. 1814. Letter to Thomas Cooper. The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/foley/

-----. 1800. Letter to Joseph Priestly. The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/foley/

McCain, Sen. J. 2008, Jun. 3. A leader we can believe in. John McCain
for President.
http://www.johnmccain.com/informing/news/Speeches/fdf5f9ab-f743-43a8-aded-5be426db44c5.htm

Obama, Sen. B. 2008, May 14. Edwards endorses Obama for President.
Washington Post.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/14/AR2008051403533.html

Sanders, Sen. B. 2007, Mar. 8. National Priorities Act of 2007. US
Senate.

Smith, W. 1753, Dec. 13. Letter to Benjamin Franklin. The Benjamin
Franklin Papers.
http://www.franklinpapers.org

Stazesky, R. 2000, Feb. 22. George Washington, genius in leadership.
The papers of George Washington.
http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/project/search.html

US Government Printing Office. 2007. The oath of office. Ben's guide
to government for kids. http://bensguide.gpo.gov/3-5/symbols/oaths.html

US Senate. 2006. S.1043: Department of Defense Authorization Act.

Washington, Pres. G. 1796. Farewell address. Avalon Project.
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/washing.htm

[snorko]

APA style in-text citations

When author and date are mentioned in sentence:
“In his 2008 speech, A leader we can believe in, Sen. John McCain
claims…”

When author (not date) is mentioned in sentence: “Sen. Barack Obama,
in a speech (2008), claims…”

When date (not author) is mentioned in sentence: “Our first President,
in his 1796 Farewell Address (Washington) …”

When neither (date, author) is mentioned in sentence: “In a recent
bill (Sanders, 2007) in the US Senate…”

[snorko]

Note how Thomas' home web page works, the results to searches
addresses only work at short time, so coping quotes of selected
portions may be particularly useful in analyzing bills, but quotes
were copied from static sources as well as part of the research and
prewriting stages in addition to documenting sources for the final
draft of the project. Note also that title of long works should be in
italics in APA style.

References
Davis, Rep. D. 2007, Apr. 26. H.RES.341: Supporting the goals and
ideals of "American Eagle Day," and celebrating the recovery and
restoration of the American bald eagle, the national symbol of the
United States. US House of Representatives.

This bill and the companion piece in the Senate seem to have
established June 20 as American Eagle Day for many reasons, including
"the bald eagle is an inspiring symbol of the American spirit of
freedom and democracy." The bill "encourages—(A) educational entities,
organizations, businesses, conservation groups, and government
agencies with a shared interest in conserving endangered species to
collaborate on education information for use in schools; and (B) the
people of the United States to observe American Eagle Day with
appropriate ceremonies and other activities."

DeMint, Sen. J. 2008, Jun. 5. Senate Resolution 587 IS: Declaring June
6, 2008, a national day of prayer and rededication for the men and
women of the United States Armed Forces and their mission. US Senate.

This bill would have established June 6, 2008 as a national day of

prayer and rededication for the men and women of the United States

Armed Forces and their mission. It was introduced the day before the
intended day of prayer, but only had one co-sponsor. Here is a section
of the prayer suggested for all Americans on the intended day: "With
Thy blessing, we shall prevail over the unholy forces of our enemy.
Help us to conquer the apostles of greed and racial arrogances. Lead
us to the saving of our country, and with our sister nations into a
world unity that will spell a sure peace--a peace invulnerable to the
schemings of unworthy men. And a peace that will let all of men live
in freedom, reaping the just rewards of their honest toil."

Franklin, B. 1770, Jan. 4. The Colonsits' Advocate: I. The Benjamin
Franklin Papers.
http://www.franklinpapers.org

"…an Empire, composed of half Freemen, half Slaves (in a very few
Years the British Subjects in America will equal the Number of those
in the Mother Country) would resemble the Roman Empire in it’s
ruinous State, as it is described in the wonderful Prediction of the
Prophet Daniel, by the Representation of the Legs and Feet of an Image
partly of Iron, and partly of Clay, partly strong, and partly broken.
God forbid that ever this Description should be applicable to the
British Empire!"

-----. 1769, Apr. 4. Positions to be examined. The Benjamin Franklin
Papers.
http://www.franklinpapers.org

"…there seem to be but three Ways for a Nation to acquire Wealth.
The first is by War as the Romans did in plundering their conquered
Neighbours. This is Robbery. The second by Commerce which is
generally Cheating. The third by Agriculture the only honest Way;
wherein Man receives a real Increase of the Seed thrown into the
Ground, in a kind of continual Miracle wrought by the Hand of God in
his Favour, as a Reward for his innocent Life, and virtuous
Industry."

Hentoff, N. 2006, Oct. 24. Treason: Who Decides? The Military
Commissions Act of 2006 subverts who we are as Americans. Village
Voice.
http://www.villagevoice.com/2006-10-24/news/treason-who-decides/

The subtitle clearly states the thesis; here's a quote: "A possible
next president, John McCain, used to say that we can't allow
terrorists to change who we are; but he voted for the Military
Commissions Act of 2006, and said on October 18, "I can assure you I
would never al low anything I'd consider torture." But as Tony Snow
made clear, that's for the president to decide; McCain knew that when
he voted for the Military Commissions Act."

Jefferson, T. 1814. Letter to J. W. Eppes. The Jeffersonian
Cyclopedia.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/foley/

" we cannot be defended but by making every citizen a soldier, as the
Greeks and Romans who had no standing armies; and that in doing this
all must be marshalled, classed by their ages, and every service
ascribed to its competent class"

-----. 1814. Letter to Thomas Cooper. The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/foley/

"The Greeks and Romans had no standing armies, yet they defended
themselves. The Greeks by their laws, and the Romans by the spirit of
their people, took care to put into the hands of their rulers no such
engine of oppression as a standing army. Their system was to make
every man a soldier, and oblige him to repair to the standard of his
country whenever that was reared. This made them invincible; and the
same remedy will make us so."

-----. 1800. Letter to Joseph Priestly. The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/jefferson/quotations/foley/

"I think the Greeks and Romans have left us the present [purest?]
models which exist of fine composition, whether we examine them as
works of reason, or of style and fancy; and to them we probably owe
these characteristics of modern composition. I know of no composition
of any other ancient people, which merits the least regard as a model
for its matter or style."

McCain, Sen. J. 2008, Jun. 3. A leader we can believe in. John McCain
for President.
http://www.johnmccain.com/informing/news/Speeches/fdf5f9ab-f743-43a8-aded-5be426db44c5.htm

"Like others before him, he seems to think government is the answer to
every problem; that government should take our resources and make our
decisions for us. That type of change doesn't trust Americans to know
what is right or what is in their own best interests. It's the
attitude of politicians who are sure of themselves but have little
faith in the wisdom, decency and common sense of free people. That
attitude created the unresponsive bureaucracies of big government in
the first place. And that's not change we can believe in. …My friends,
we're not a country that would rather go back than forward. We're the
world's leader, and leaders don't hide from history. They make
history. But if we're going to lead, we have to reform a government
that has lost its ability to help us do so. The solution to our
problems isn't to reach back to the 1960s and 70s for answers. In just
a few years in office, Senator Obama has accumulated the most liberal
voting record in the Senate. But the old, tired, big government
policies he seeks to dust off and call new won't work in a world that
has changed dramatically since they were last tried and failed. That's
not change we can believe in."

Obama, Sen. B. 2008, May 14. Edwards endorses Obama for President.
Washington Post.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/14/AR2008051403533.html

Sen. Obama frequently uses the expression "who we are as Americans,"
in arguing a variety of topics. Here in this one transcript, after
Edwards' endorsement, Obama outlines about a dozen goals so motivated:
"We have lost our focus. We have not gone after Al Qaida in
Afghanistan, those who killed 3,000 Americans [9/11], with everything
that we've got, because we've been distracted [in Iraq]. We have seen
thousands of lives lost, hundreds of billions of dollars spent --
money that we could have been spending rebuilding America. And it has
not made us more safe. And that's why I opposed this war in 2002; and
that's why we will bring this work to an end in 2009; that's why we
will close Guantanamo; that's why we will restore habeas corpus;
that's why we will initiate diplomacy; that's why we will reach out to
poor countries and help them build schools and public health
infrastructure; that's why we will end the genocide in Darfur and
respect our Constitution, because that's who we are as Americans;
that's what we stand for; that's what this election is all about. …
This is the country that gave my grandfather a chance to go to college
on the G.I. Bill when he came home from World War II; a country that
gave him and my grandmother the chance to buy their first home with a
loan from the government. …No more homeless veterans; no more begging
for disability payments; no more waiting in line for hours for the
V.A. That's who we are -- the country that gave my grandparents an
opportunity."

Sanders, Sen. B. 2007, Mar. 8. National Priorities Act of 2007. US
Senate.

This bill's (not so) short title tells much of what it would have
done: "To expand the middle class, reduce the gap between the rich and
the poor, keep our promises to veterans, lower the poverty rate, and
reduce the Federal deficit by repealing tax breaks for the wealthiest
one percent and eliminating unnecessary Cold War era defense spending,
and for other purposes." Specifically, it would have cut $60 billion
dollars from the Department of Defense's military budget and spread
the money around the other listed priorities. No cosponsors joined the
bill.

Smith, W. 1753, Dec. 13. Letter to Benjamin Franklin. The Benjamin
Franklin Papers.
http://www.franklinpapers.org

" When by means of school acquaintances, the youth are brought more
frequently together; when reserve is laid aside and a common language
acquired, Intermarriages will be frequent between the different
nations, which cannot fail to unite them in a common interest. It was
intermarrying in this manner that saved the infant Roman state from a
dreadful war and occasioned the incorporation of two different
Nations. And the neglecting to concert proper measures for the more
frequent intermarriages between the Scots and Piets hindred them from
ever incorporating; so that it was a fatal resolution which Buchanan
tells us the latter entered into—Providendum ne peregrini secum post
miscerentur. The nations pursued one another with inextinguishable
hatred ’till the Piets were totally extirpated."

Stazesky, R. 2000, Feb. 22. George Washington, genius in leadership.
The papers of George Washington.
http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/project/search.html

"George Washington, in a real sense, invented himself by creating an
original model from several that he had in mind and then lived by that
model. There were, at least, four such models that he used. One was
the Roman model of Cato from Addison's play "Cato" about a virtuous
Roman. Washington saw the play many times, memorized parts of it and
had it acted at Valley Forge. He also thought of Cincinnatus, the
Roman farmer, who left the plough to lead the army that saved Rome and
then went back to farming, refusing the role of "Dictator" offered by
the Roman Senate. (See Garry Wills, George Washington and the
Enlightenment.) Another model was that of the Patriot King, a role
made popular in Washington's time by the English writer Bolingbroke
(see Longmore, pages 184-86). The Patriot King always had the people's
welfare at heart. A fourth model for Washington was that of the
Father. In addition to these four major models, Washington experienced
many other major figures who influenced him. …Washington keenly
observed them and learned from them all. …the Washington whom we know
is Washington, the Father of the Country, whom George Washington
invented and portrayed. He was a genius in this creation as one part
of his being a genius in leadership."

US Government Printing Office. 2007. The oath of office. Ben's guide
to government for kids.
http://bensguide.gpo.gov/3-5/symbols/oaths.html

This site includes not only the oath of office for the President, but
also the slightly different oaths for other federal positions.

US Senate. 2006. S.1043: Department of Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2006.
Below is an excerpt from the 2006 bill funding (much of) military
operations for the year. Funding for military and paramilitary
operations also ends up in many other budgets. This excerpt shows the
$20 million set aside for an eventual day of celebration after winning
the war in Iraq that Murphy discusses at the end of chapter 1.
"SEC. 344. COMMEMORATION OF SUCCESS OF THE ARMED FORCES IN OPERATION
ENDURING FREEDOM AND OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM.
(a) Finding- Congress finds that it is both right and appropriate
that, upon their return from Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan
and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq, all soldiers, sailors, marines,
and airmen in the Armed Forces who served in those operations be
honored and recognized for their achievements, with appropriate
ceremonies, activities, and awards commemorating their sacrifice and
service to the United States and the cause of freedom in the Global
War on Terrorism.
(b) Celebration Honoring Military Efforts in Operation Enduring
Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom- The President may, at the sole
discretion of the President--
(1) designate a day of celebration to honor the soldiers, sailors,
marines, and airmen of the Armed Forces who have served in Operation
Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom and have returned to the
United States; and
(2) issue a proclamation calling on the people of the United States
to observe that day with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
(c) Participation of Armed Forces in Celebration -
(1) PARTICIPATION AUTHORIZED- Members and units of the Armed Forces
may participate in activities associated with the day of celebration
designated under subsection (b) that are held in Washington, District
of Columbia.
(2) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS- Subject to paragraph (4), amounts
authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Defense may be
used to cover costs associated with the participation of members and
units of the Armed Forces in the activities described in paragraph
(1).
(3) ACCEPTANCE OF PRIVATE CONTRIBUTIONS- (A) Notwithstanding any
other provision of law, the Secretary of Defense may accept cash
contributions from private individuals and entities for the purposes
of covering the costs of the participation of members and units of the
Armed Forces in the activities described in paragraph (1). Amounts so
accepted shall be deposited in an account established for purposes of
this paragraph.
(B) Amounts accepted under subparagraph (A) may be used for the
purposes described in that subparagraph until expended.
(4) LIMITATION- The total amount of funds described in paragraph (2)
that are available for the purpose set forth in that paragraph may not
exceed the amount equal to--
(A) $20,000,000, minus
(B) the amount of any cash contributions accepted by the Secretary
under paragraph (3).
(d) Award of Recognition Items-
(1) AUTHORITY TO AWARD- Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary
of Defense, appropriate recognition items may be awarded to any
individual who served honorably as a member of the Armed Forces in
Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom during the
Global War on Terrorism. The purpose of the award of such items is to
recognize the contribution of such individuals to the success of the
United States in those operations.
(2) RECOGNITION ITEMS DEFINED- In this subsection, the term
`recognition items' means recognition items authorized for
presentation under section 2261 of title 10, United States Code (as
amended by section 593(a) of this Act)."

Washington, Pres. G. 1796. Farewell address. Avalon Project.
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/washing.htm

"avoid the necessity of those overgrown military establishments which,
under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which
are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty. …
history and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most
baneful foes of republican government."

[snorko]

Ron Paul for President in 2008: appealing to a broad range of the USA
of barely reaching the fringes?

In his campaign for President in 2008, Texas
Republican US House Rep. Ron Paul is attracting
attention from both conservatives and liberals. Paul
has introduced legislation to eliminate income tax, a
position associated with libertarian fringe politics. He
speaks strongly against US intervention abroad, a
typically liberal position. He stands against abortion
and introduced a bill to allow tax deductions for
private K-12 education—about the same as a
voucher plan, which is attractive to families who
want their children to receive private, religious, or
home schooling instead of public school educations
and who don’t mind public schools’ budgets
correspondingly decreasing—both typically more
conservative positions. Will Paul’s approach attract a
broad range of voters, or will a broad middle reject
his positions as disorienting? Paul is championed this
year by the left (Maher) and the right (National Right
to Life Convention), but in The New York Times,
which the right sees as too liberal and left sees as too
conservative, Caldwell (2007, Jul. 22) claims, “his chances of winning
the presidency are infinitesimally slim.” A recent effort from the
self-termed progressive Rockridge Institute
(Lakoff, 2006) suggests possible hope for Paul through
appealing to so-called biconceptual voters. Applying
Lakoff’s models of strict father/nurturant parent
metaphors on political values [suggests Paul’s
approach may be able to manage aspects of both
models to appeal to biconceptual voters/will only
alienate both liberal and conservative voters, leaving
too few biconceptuals/if successful, refutes the
explanatory value of Lakoff’s models] because...

References
Caldwell, C. 2007, Jul. 22. The anti-war, anti-drug-
enforcement-administration, anti-Medicare candidacy
of Dr. Ron Paul. New York Times.

Lakoff, G. 2006. Thinking points. New York: Farrar,
Straus and Giroux.
http://www.rockridgeinstitute.org/thinkingpoints

Maher, B. 2007, May 25. Real time with Bill Maher.
http://www.hbo.com/billmaher/episode/2007_05_25
_ep104.html

National Right to Life Convention. 2007, Jun. 15.
Congressman Ron Paul speaks.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXZpuIXEzWk

Paul, Rep. R. 2007. Ron Paul’s legislation. US House
of Representative: Congressman Ron Paul.
http://www.house.gov/paul/legis/welcome.htm

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Guantánamo detention: fighting terrorism or fanning blowback?

Chalmers Johnson, in his 2006 book Nemesis, accuses US
foreign policy of being so near to empirical, whether intentionally
or not, as to cause blowback, or unintended negative
consequences. Johnson further warns that if US policy does not
change, likely only as to be achieved as a combined result of
extensive local, national, and worldwide grassroots effort,
portents project decline, metaphorically portrayed as Nemesis,
the ancient Greek goddess of divine retribution. To test
Johnson's hypothesis, the detention at Guantánamo of suspects
in the war on terror offers extensive evidence available online.
The US government and its collective actions comprise
vast components, and opinion across such a range is not unitary
but includes both positive and critical assessments of its own
behavior. Primary government source documents include
formerly secret FBI documents recently released (2008), US
Senate Judiciary Committee meetings (2007), bills (Harkin,
2007). White House policy statements (2002). While the
President, State Department, and DoD are positive in their public
assessments, internal reports and legislative response,
particularly from the political opposition, are less positive and
even harshly critical.
Other evaluations are likewise varied. Negative non-
governmental reports are extensively available, from the press
(Lewis, 2004 and Guardian Unlimited, 2008) and human rights
organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights
Watch and a January 11, 2008 effort to protest internationally
and at the US Supreme Court (ACLU). Support for US policy and
discrediting critics comes from Republican Presidential candidate
Mitt Romney (Kornreich, 2007) and conservative columnists
(Morris and McGann, 2007).
From ethical, associative, and predictive analysis of
positive and negative sources, US foreign policy as represented
by Guantánamo detention [supports/refutes] Johnson's analysis
because...

References
American Civil Liberties Union. 2008. Torture documents released
under
FOIA.
http://www.aclu.org/safefree/torture/torturefoia.html
The ACLU has many pages on both Guantánamo and torture, but this
page organizes links on their efforts to access government documents
and
records through the Freedom of Information Act.

American Red Cross. 2004, Dec. 3. The ICRC and Guantanamo Bay.
http://www.redcross.org/article/0,1072,0_332_3806,00.html
This statement explains the Red Cross' policy against disclosing
details of
international Red Cross investigations of humane prisoner treatment.
Amnesty International. 2008. Counter terror with justice.
http://www.amnesty.org/en/counter-terror-with-justice
This page lists several of Amnesty's efforts to end torture and
Guantánamo
detention.

Bush, Pres. G. W. 2006, Jun. 14. Press conference of the President.
White
House.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/06/20060614.html
Search for the phrase, "I'd like to close Guantanamo, but..." to find
Bush's
assessment of the need and propriety of Guantánamo detention.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2008. Guantanamo Bay inquiry.
http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/guantanamo.htm
this page contains links to documents released under FOIA requests,
FBI
reports critical of treatment of detainees at Guantánamo.

Guardian Unlimited. 2008. Special report: Guantanamo Bay.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/guantanamo/0,,1000982,00.html
this page lists many negatively critical reports by the online version
of the
liberal Guardian newspaper group based in England
http://www.guardian.co.uk/guantanamo/0,,1000982,00.html

Harkin, Sen. T. 2007, May 23. S1469: Guantanamo Bay Detention
Facility
Closure Act of 2007. US Senate.
This bill proposes to close detention facilities and move all
detainees to
Fort Levenworth.

Hartmann, Gen. T. W. 2007, Dec. 11. Statement of Brigadier General
Thomas W. Hartmann. United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.
http://judiciary.senate.gov/testimony.cfm?id=3052&wit_id=6815
Search for the phrase, "Critics often pick at the seams..." to find
the
General's conclusion in favor of Guantanamo's operations.

Human Rights Watch. 2008. United States: Guantanamo.
http://www.hrw.org/doc/?t=usa_gitmo
This page lists links to many of HRW's negatively critical reports on
Guantanamo.

Inouye, Sen. D. 2002, Feb. 1. Foreign Press Center Briefing,
Guantanamo
Bay: a first-hand view. US Department of State.
http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/7767.htm
In this briefing, Senator Daniel Inouye (D-HI) very positively
describes a
tour he took of Camp X-Ray (a detention center at Guantánamo now
closed/reformed/renamed/relocated), including comments such as,
"There
were no problems there whatsoever...if you're looking for
humanitarian
care and treatment, I can't think of any other country that would
provide a
much more sensitive and appropriate care of their detainees or
prisoners"

Joint Task Force Guantanamo. 2007. Mission statement.
http://www.jtfgtmo.southcom.mil/mission.html
This is a detailed rationale for and description of operations at
Guantánamo from its leadership.

Johnson, C. 2006. Nemesis. New York: Metropolitan Books.

Kornreich, L. 2007, May 15. Romney: double Guantanamo. CNN.
http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/blogs/politicalticker/2007/05/romney-
double-guantanamo.html
CNN quotes Mitt Romney from a Republican debate recommending that
Guantanamo detention be doubled.

Leahy, Sen. P. 2007, Dec. 11. Statement of Senator Patrick Leahy.
United
States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.
http://judiciary.senate.gov/member_statement.cfm?id=3052&wit_id=2629
Leahy provides a negative assessment of the value of Guantánamo
detention as ineffective and inhumane.
http://judiciary.senate.gov/member_statement.cfm?id=3052&wit_id=2629

Lewis, N. 2004, Nov. 30. Red Cross finds detainee abuse in
Guantanamo.
New York Times.
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/30/politics/30gitmo.html
The New York Times leaked details of a confidential Red Cross report
critical of Guantánamo detention.

Morris, D. and E. McGann. 2007, Jul. 27. Why is the American
government
releasing Guantanamo prisoners? TownHall.com.
http://www.townhall.com/columnists/DickMorrisandEileenMcGann/2007/07/
27/why_is_the_american_government_releasing_guantanamo_prisoners

Naval Station Guantanamo Bay. 2008. Welcome to Guantanamo Bay.
https://www.cnic.navy.mil/Guantanamo/index.htm
This is the web site for the Naval Base at Guantánamo where detainees
are held; links lead to the base newspaper and other general info.

US Senate Committee on the Judiciary. 2007, Dec. 11. The legal rights
of
Guantanamo detainees: what are they, should they be changed, and is
an
end in sight?
http://judiciary.senate.gov/hearing.cfm?id=3052
This Senate Judiciary Committee meeting discussed the legal rights of
Guantánamo detainees, particularly the question of whether habeas
corpus should apply.

White House. 2002, Feb. 7. Fact sheet: status of detainees at
Guantanamo. Office of the Press Secretary.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020207-13.html
This statement of official US policy declares that all detainees are
being
treated humanely and lists several examples of Guantánamo procedures
as evidence.

Winterbottom, M. and M. Whitecross, dirs. 2006. The road to
Guantanamo.
http://www.roadtoguantanamomovie.com/
This film is part documentary, part dramatization of the story of the
so-
called Tipton Three, who were detained at Guantánamo.

Witness against torture: a campaign to shut down Guantanamo. 2007.
Theatre against torture.
http://www.witnesstorture.org/theater
This website includes the full text, stage directions, and writers/
directors'
commentary for a "piece of public theatre," or short play, that "
seeks to
dramatize the horrors of U.S. detention policies in the “war on
terror” and
the particular shame of Guantanamo" as well as encouragement for
others
to perform the piece.