SnakeYAML will validate that the YAML document is a valid YAML document. However, there is no standard for validation of field values, except that they have the correct type (and remember that Java's generics use type erasure, so List<String> == List<Integer> == List).
You could throw from your setX() methods, but you have to make sure that SnakeYAML uses the setters. This is the default, so make sure you're not passing it BeanAccess.FIELD at any point.
/Jordan