Icad 3d Shoe Design

[Emerenciana Mcgreal]

TheFootwear Technology Centre (INESCOP), a benchmark in Europe in terms of innovation and technology applied to footwear, has developed ICad Workspace, a workspace in the cloud that allows information on shoe lasts, accessories, components, materials, and models generated from CAD systems, to be stored in an organised and easily accessible way. In addition, this platform allows the management of users with different permissions when interacting with the saved information.

In the past, the work of all the actors involved in the design and manufacture of footwear was carried out, to a greater extent, manually, but for some time now, most companies have updated their technology and generate a large part of their resources in digital format, using specific software for design, industrialisation, and production; and hardware such as 3D digitisers and printers. This milestone has meant an increase in quality and productivity, as well as savings in costs and physical space for storage. However, the huge amount of information, as well as the ability to process, exploit and share it, has become a challenge.

For this reason, the use of cloud solutions such as ICad Workspace for the management of digital resources by professionals in the footwear sector offers innumerable advantages such as remote access (from any place and connected device), service orientation no matter the supporting technology used, simplification of updates and lower maintenance cost, as well as scalability and performance improvements.

ICad Workspace is a simple, intuitive, and agile tool that saves materials, space, and time, and improves organisation in the areas of Design, Industrialisation and Production. More information at icad.inescopsolutions.com

Sarah Flint is no stranger to risk-taking in entrepreneurship. Having launched her designer shoe line at 25 years old, Flint has not been easily intimidated by the dedication and work it takes to make it in the fashion world. This lack of fear led to the opening of her first physical location in Nashville last spring.

After studying shoe design at both Parsons School of Design and the Fashion Institute of Technology, as well as exploring manufacturing and pattern making at Ars Sutoria in Milan, Flint entered the world of luxury footwear and immediately sensed gaps that needed to be filled in the fashion industry.

As far as state of the art 3D tools for the shoe industry are concerned, we chose iCAD3D+. Other tools for 3D shoe design do in fact exist, but in Arsutoria, we believe that iCAD3D+ is an excellent product from many standpoints, especially when it comes to offering the possibility of connecting the 3D design to the technical development of the shoe in an extremely precise and fast way.

However, there are good reasons to teach a more generalist 3D modelling tool as well: the first and most important is the extremely accessible price, number of available online resources, continuous updating, and the possibility of exchanging data with many other tools that are part of different digital workflows. In Arsutoria, we chose Rhinoceros, because it is quite popular in the footwear industry, especially for the 3D design of soles.

Starting from 2022 we decided to insert the topic of material digitalisation and rendering technologies.

Digitalisation is the evolution of simply scanning a material: today it is possible to construct extremely sophisticated digital versions of materials (PBR) with impressive features for three-dimensional visualization. Finally, rendering tools allow for the creation of images of virtual shoe prototypes, which are hard to tell apart from physical samples.

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This study focussed on pressure relieving orthotic insoles designed for retail footwear and people with diabetes and at risk of first forefoot ulceration. The aim was to investigate whether the pressure relieving effects of a customised metatarsal bar and forefoot cushioning are sensitive to bar location and shape, and material choice.

Patient-specific foot shape was used to design an orthotic insole, with metatarsal bar location and shape customised according to plantar pressure data. Changes in forefoot plantar pressure were investigated when 60 people with diabetes and neuropathy walked in nine variants of the orthotic insole. These comprised three variations in proximal/distal location of the customised metatarsal bar and three different metatarsal head offloading materials.

Suitably designed footwear is proven to reduce forefoot plantar pressures [6, 7] and risk of re-ulceration [8], but poor adherence is a key barrier to clinical success [9, 10]. Indeed, one trial observed a significant (19%) reduction in re-ulceration at 18-month follow up, but only in the subgroup with good adherence and who wore footwear as recommended [11]. Problems with adherence are likely to be more relevant for people without a history of ulceration because they may not consider themselves at risk [12]. They may, therefore, be less motivated to change their footwear from aesthetically pleasing retail shoes to pressure relieving designs incorporating stiff rocker soles or extra forefoot depth [12, 13]. For individuals at risk of ulceration but unwilling or unable to change their footwear, an orthotic insole used inside a retail shoe may still offer some protection against the risk of ulceration [14].

The proximal/distal location of a metatarsal bar and a void (large cavity) distal to the bar was defined using the plantar pressure distribution. The location and shape of the distal edge of the metatarsal bar was defined by a line on the area where plantar pressure was 77% of the peak plantar pressure. This line also defined the proximal border of the void. The distal border of the void was distal to the area of peak plantar pressures and where pressure was

Three different void conditions were created: EVA (20 Shore A), Poron (20 Shore A) and no material (i.e. empty void) and tailored pieces of EVA and Poron were prepared to fit the void for each participant. This created 9 different orthotic insole conditions: distal, middle and proximal metatarsal bar locations, each combined with EVA, Poron and no material variations for the void (Fig. 1).

Peak plantar pressures were derived for the 1st metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, 2-4th metatarsal heads (MTH), the hallux, and 5th metatarsal head (see Fig. 2). The sensors corresponding to each region were defined according to Cavanagh and Ulbrecht [35] and peak pressures averaged across all steps to give a single pressure value for each foot region and orthotic insole condition for each participant. Statistical analysis showed common trends for both the left and right sides and therefore only data from the right side are presented.

The orthotic insoles tested in this study incorporated a small void/space directly distal to the metatarsal bar. When this void/space was occupied by cushioning materials (EVA or Poron), pressures decreased regardless of metatarsal bar location. Interestingly, although previous research has demonstrated reductions in plantar pressures using orthotic insoles which are made completely of cushioning materials [38], there has been minimal research into orthotic insoles which combine materials of different densities. Our findings are consistent with data from a finite element model [18], which demonstrated reductions in plantar pressure when orthotic insoles incorporate softer material under the metatarsal heads. Thus, in contrast to the approach of Owings et al. [21], in which only a void/space was incorporated into the orthotic insole, we suggest that optimal pressure results will be obtained if cushioning materials are located under the metatarsal heads.

Although our data demonstrated reductions in pressure under the metatarsal heads, peak pressures were elevated under the hallux (Fig. 4d). This is consistent with observations from studies of cushioning materials [18]. Peak pressures on the hallux typically occur in the later stages of stance when the load is distributed primarily across the forefoot and toes. During this phase, the raised profile of the metatarsal bar, and corresponding increased height of the metatarsal structures [39] would appear to shift load onto the hallux. Given the magnitude of increases in pressure in this region (Fig. 4), clinicians need to decide whether the hallux is a greater priority for pressure relief than metatarsal heads. Alternative insole designs or pressure-reducing footwear [40] may be more appropriate in these cases.

All authors designed the study. S.P. designed the statistical analysis. A.M.S. performed the data collection and processing. All authors made a substantial contribution to the interpretation of data. A.M.S. wrote the first draft manuscript. SP and C.J.N. reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the version to be published. A.M.S. is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Twenty Parker students designed the four winning pairs of Vans shoes in four different concepts: music, art, action sports and local flavor. The small-town school southwest of Sioux Falls has participated in the competition for the past four years and previously has been awarded second and third place.

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