Becker Map Pilot Software Update

[Jennifer Leos]

InOctober 1942, Becker was given command of 12. Staffel of NJG 1 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves on 26 February 1943. That day, he was killed in action on a daytime intercept mission against the United States Army Air Forces over the North Sea.

Becker was born on 22 August 1911 in Dortmund-Aplerbeck in the Province of Westphalia, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the first son of master builder Reinhold Becker.[Note 2] He graduated from a humanities-oriented Gymnasium in Dortmund, a secondary school, with his diploma (Abitur) at Easter 1930. From 1930 to 1936, Becker studied jurisprudence and economics at the University of Mnster and at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin. While at university, Becker became interested in flying and took courses in aircraft manufacturing and other aeronautical classes. He then joined the German Student Corps, cofounded the "academic flying group" and joined the German Air Sports Association as a member of the SA-Fliegersturm in Mnster, and later as a member of the National Socialist Flyers Corps (NSFK).[2]

The "academic flying group" built a glider aircraft and in 1933, Becker attended the gliding schools in Rossitten, present-day Rybachy in the Kaliningrad Oblast, and Grunau, present-day Jeżw Sudecki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. He volunteered for military service on 1 March 1934 and was trained as fighter pilot at the Jagdfliegerschule in Schleiheim and as a dive bomber pilot in Schwerin.[Note 3] Becker also received training in instrument flight and handling an aircraft in adverse weather conditions. On 12 October 1935, he was discharged from the military holding the rank of Unteroffizier (subordinate officer) of the Reserves. He then worked for the Luftwaffe as a civilian pilot and flight instructor at the airfield in Mnster-Loddenheide. Following further training at the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fr Segelflug (German Institute for Glider Research), Becker was made the head flight instructor for gliding and an official expert witness.[4]

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.[5] By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.[6]

On 1 November 1940, Becker was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) of the Reserves and was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz 1. Klasse) on 23 December 1940. From December 1940 to April 1941, he was based at Leeuwarden airfield. He was then transferred to the Erprobungsstelle fr Nachtjagdverfahren, the testing ground for night fighting tactics at Werneuchen on 5 April 1941. There, he was tasked with testing airborne radar and received the Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Night Fighters in Silver (Frontflugspange fr Nachtjger in Silver) on 1 June. In July, he was transferred back to Leeuwarden, then serving in 4. Staffel of NJG 1 which was led by Oberleutnant Helmut Lent at the time.[1][12] On the night of 8/9 August 1941, Becker and his radio operator (Bordfunker) Josef Staub, also became the first Luftwaffe night fighter crew to intercept an enemy bomber using airborne radar.[13] Flying Dornier Do 215 B-5 "G9+OM" equipped with the FuG 202 Lichtenstein B/C radar, they tracked and claimed another Wellington bomber shot down.[14][15][16] The aircraft shot down was Wellington T2625 GR-B which crashed near Bunde.[17]

Becker claimed six victories between 10 August and 30 September 1941 in Do 215 B-5 "G9+OM" before the Lichtenstein radar became unserviceable in September. On 12 August 1941, he, Staub and Wilhelm Gnsler in the air gunner position, intercepted and shot down the Avro Manchester bomber L7381 EM-R from No. 207 Squadron. The Manchester was on a mission to Berlin and was the second airborne radar assisted aerial victory recorded.[17] Becker developed his own tactics for attacking a bomber. He would trail the aircraft from the stern, just below the height shown on the radar. After sighting the bomber, he dived and accelerated to avoid being spotted by the tail gunner. Once underneath the enemy, Becker reduced the throttle and matched the speed of the unsuspecting pilot. Becker then climbed steadily to 50 metres (160 feet) from the target before he pulled up and opened fire. Because the Do 215 lost speed the bomber would fly ahead and the through the stream of shells. With this method, the gun sight was rarely needed.[18] On 1 October, Becker received the Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Night Fighters in Gold (Frontflugspange fr Nachtjger in Gold).[1]

On 28 October, Gruppenkommandeur Hauptmann (Captain) Lent recommended Becker for promotion to Hauptmann. In his recommendation, Lent emphasized Becker's contribution in the development of night fighter equipment and tactics as well as his strong philosophical roots in National Socialism. The recommendation was seconded by Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel) Wilhelm von Friedberg, acting on behalf of the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander), and finally approved by Generalleutnant (lit. lieutenant general, equivalent to major general) Kurt-Bertram von Dring, commander of the 1. Jagd-Division (1st Fighter Division).[26] Becker was then transferred from the reserve force to active service and promoted to Hauptmann on 3 February 1943. His promotion was backdated to 1 February and the rank age was dated to 1 April 1942.[27]

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Purpose: The aim of this pilot project is to evaluate a new method for reducing or eliminating small papillary deficiencies. The use of a commercially available gel was evaluated as a possible method for enhancing deficient papillae.

Materials and methods: Eleven patients, seven females and four males, with an average age of 55.8 years (ranging from 25 to 75 years) with 14 treated sites are included in this pilot study. Patients had a minimum of one papillary deficiency in the esthetic zone. Prior to treatment photographs were either taken at a 1:1 ratio or converted to a 1:1 ratio using a commercially available program. A standardization photographic device was not used. After administration of a local anesthetic, a 23-gauge needle was used to inject less than 0.2 mL of a commercially available and Food and Drug Administration-approved gel of hyaluronic acid 2-3 mm apical to the coronal tip of the involved papillae. Patients were seen every three weeks and treatment was repeated up to three times. Patients were followed from 6 to 25 months after initial gel application. A computer program measured changes in pixels between initial and final treatments. A formula was derived to determine percentage change in the negative space between initial and final examinations.

Results: Each site was individually evaluated. Three implant sites and one site adjacent to a tooth had 100% improvement between treatment examinations. Seven sites improved from 94 to 97%, three sites improved from 76 to 88%, and one site adjacent to an implant had 57% improvement.

Conclusion: Results from this pilot study are encouraging and present evidence that small papillary deficiencies between implants and teeth can be enhanced by injection of a hyaluronic gel. Improvements were maintained for a range of 6 to 25 months.

For more information, visit the FDP NIH DMS Pilot home page and review the two Town Hall sessions. The first session on May 31, 2023 (Video, Transcript, Slide Deck), showcased the two pilot templates available in DMPTool. The second session on July 17, 2023 (Video, Transcript, Slide Deck) discussed the new guide notice on the DMS budget (NOT-OD-23-161), phase 1 status update and feedback received, DMPTool update, acceptance of new participants in Q3 of the pilot, and potential future Town Hall sessions with NIH Program Officers for sharing experiences and community discussions.

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The Heal Our Heroes Act authorizes San Francisco, Santa Cruz, and San Diego counties to run a pilot program to offer treatment using psilocybin or psilocyn to military veterans or first responders. The counties will be responsible for authorizing the facilitators who must be a licensed physician or surgeon, clinical psychologist, licensed clinical social worker, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, licensed professional clinical counselor, or a naturopathic doctor. The pilot sunsets after three years and requires data collection and reporting at the two year mark. The program includes several safety measures, such as requiring a suitability screening for each participant to ensure they are a safe candidate for treatment.

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