Pharmacognosy Lecture Notes Pdf 45
Joao Charlesbois
Molecular Diagnostics Lab. The laboratory section of this course introduces the theory and use of molecular techniques in the clinical diagnostics lab, with an emphasis on chromosome analysis, nucleic acids isolation, handling, and storage. Analytical techniques common to the molecular lab such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), and DNA bioinformatics tools will be emphasized. The laboratory exercises are designed to provide a hands-on context for some of the topics being presented in the course lectures and in the readings from the course textbook. (1); Prerequisites: BIO 235, CHE 311.
BHS 750 G
Flow Cytometry (formerly BHS 670 G). This course introduces the principles and applications of flow cytometry through lectures and laboratory/group work. Major topics include: machine set-up and operation, fluorochromes and fluorescence, spectral overlap and compensation, experimental design, data collection and multi-parameter analyses, immunophenotyping, research application, clinical applications and disease diagnosis. (3); Prerequisite: Graduate standing or permission of instructor
BHS 755 G
In situ Hybridization (formerly BHS 675 G). This course is an introduction to the theory and application of molecular hybridization and in situ hybridization techniques. Selection of probes, their application and appropriate detection systems for both RNA and DNA in situ hybridization techniques will be discussed in lecture and laboratory. A focus of the course will be the applications of hybridization techniques to the diagnosis and prognosis of human disease. (2); Prerequisite: BHS 740 or PSC 312
BIO 213
Anatomy and Physiology I. This lecture course is the first course in a sequence which studies human anatomy and physiology. The goal of this course is to provide an introduction to the function, regulation and integration of organs and organ systems involved in the human body. This course will begin with an introduction, and review of the basic chemistry, cell and tissue concepts covered in General Biology. Topics covered in this course will include the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems, and special senses. (3); Prerequisites: BIO 101/111, BIO 102/121
BIO 214
Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory. This laboratory course complements the Anatomy and Physiology I lecture course (BIO213). The focus of this course is on human anatomy at a level that is appropriate for those students interested in healthcare careers. The sequence of organ systems studied are integumentary system, nervous system, skeletal system, muscular system and endocrine system. Laboratory exercises teach students concepts in anatomy and physiology using anatomical models, histology specimens, and electrophysiology workstations. Clinical correlations are made through the extensive use of medical case studies. (1); Corequisite: BIO 213
BIO 215
Anatomy and Physiology II. This lecture course is the second in a sequence of two courses that studies the function, regulation and integration of organs and organ systems involved in human anatomy and physiology. This course will focus on the endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, and digestive systems. Also covered will be aspects of metabolism, fluid-electrolyte-acid-base balance and temperature regulation. (3); Prerequisite: BIO 213 or permission of the instructor.
BIO 216
Anatomy and Physiology II Laboratory. This laboratory course complements the Anatomy and Physiology II lecture course (BIO215). The focus of this course is on human anatomy at a level that is appropriate for those students interested in healthcare careers. The sequence of organ systems studied are male and female reproductive systems, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system and digestive system. Laboratory exercises teach students concepts in anatomy and physiology using anatomical models, histology specimens, and electrophysiology workstations. Clinical correlations are made through the extensive use of medical case studies. (1); Corequisite: BIO 215
BIO 225
Genetics. This lecture-based course will cover the basic principles of genetics, primarily as they relate mammalian and human biology. Major topics to be covered include genomic structure, organization, and function, processes of genetic recombination, DNA mutation and repair, mechanisms of gene regulation, concepts of Mendelian inheritance, selection, genetic mapping, genetic engineering, population genetics, developmental genetics, and model organisms. The role of genetics in human health and disease will also be discussed, with an emphasis on mechanisms, diagnosis, and current treatments for genetic diseases. (3);Prerequisites: BIO 101 or BIO 101/111, BIO 102 /121, or permission of the instructor.
BIO 235
Cell Biology. The goal of this course is to achieve a fundamental understanding of the molecular and biochemical processes that take place both within and between cells to keep cells and the organisms they make up alive in a constantly changing environment. By focusing on the structure and function of the enzymes that carry out these diverse processes in eukaryotic cells, students will build on the fundamental chemistry and physics of cells to explore key cellular processes. These include (1) DNA structure, function, replication, and repair (2) gene expression regulation at the levels of transcription, translation, and post-translation (3) how cells obtain energy from food (4) cellular and sub-cellular structure, including membrane structure and protein transport across both internal and external membranes (5) cell signaling and communication between cells and (6) cellular replication and development, including cell division and cancer development. Understanding these concepts will help students to understand how genetic disorders and cancers can arise through errors in critical cellular processes, and students will use case studies explore how mutations in essential enzymes can cause such diseases. This course will be lecture-based with some in-class case studies and weekly problem sets to apply principles learned in class to additional cellular contexts. (3); Prerequisites: BIO 101/111, BIO 102/121
BIO 236
Cell Biology Laboratory. In this laboratory course, designed to complement the Cell Biology lecture, students will investigate cell types, discover nucleic acids, synthesize macromolecules, energize cells, manipulate cellular transport, understand reproduction and chromosomes, comprehend genetic inheritance, utilize cell biology for forensics, and learn occupation-applicable cell culture and molecular staining techniques. Students will work in groups, applying knowledge gained in lecture, to solve problem sets related to the laboratory topics. (1); Corequisite: BIO 235
BIO 240
Virology. This lecture-based course provides an introduction to the field of virology. Topics presented will include virus structure, viral genetics, steps in viral replication, diseases and pathogensis, and natural history of a variety of medically important viruses. The discovery and activity of contemporary anti-viral drugs and therapeutics will also be discussed. Case studies, group discussions, and analyses of current scientific literature will be used to foster an in-depth understanding of virology and its relationship to human health. (3); Prerequisites: BIO 210
BIO 245
Biological Basis of Disease. This course will be translational in nature by teaching students essential concepts in human anatomy, physiology and pathology in the context of significant human diseases in the United States and globally. Topics will include coverage of human disease as it affects the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, immune, neural and endocrine systems. There will be a major emphasis on the cellular, molecular, genetic, and biochemical basis for disease in these organ systems, as well as in heritable diseases and cancer. Introductory lectures will be followed by discussion of the primary literature that complements the lecture material. Designed to give students an appreciation of diseases affecting the major organ systems, and how these illnesses have been analyzed using the tools of genetics, biochemistry, and cell and molecular biology. (3); Prerequisites: BIO 102 or BIO 121
BIO 331
Mammalian Cell Culture. The course introduces the students to the principles of mammalian cell culture. Students will learn through active learning activities, including lab-based experiments, case studies, presentations, lectures, and group debates. The course will focus on upstream mammalian cell culture topics, including, (1) importance and applications of mammalian cells in biomanufacturing, (2) growth and analysis of mammalian cells in vitro, (3) principles of mammalian cell-line development, (4) scale-up strategies and production modes, and (5) principles of error prevention for risk mitigation. Through a combination of lectures and laboratory experiments, students will gain real-world experience in culturing and subculturing techniques for mammalian cells from frozen cell banks through scaling up to bioreactors. A suspension-adapted CHO cell line will be used as the model cell line. In parallel, students will also learn cell culturing techniques of adherent mammalian cells. An adherent (anchorage-dependent) mammalian cell line will be used as a model cell line. In addition, students will gain hands-on training in constructing and working with bench-scale bioreactors. Upon completion of this course, students will learn the principles and applications of mammalian cells and the utilization of mammalian cells for the biomanufacturing of safe and effective biologics.