为什么读金融
nathan
方故意写的煽情一点,有兴趣可以看看
金融，不是富人专属的游戏
----我立志于金融领域的原因
一直对marketing和金融都有浓厚兴趣。喜欢市场营销，是因为享受成功预计消费者需要的成就感，好的市场战略能够在消费者本身之前知道消费者的需
要，欣赏能够使消费者得到获得超额满足感的产品。我会感到非常高兴如果人们觉得我组织策划的活动中能够真正的获益，或者我推广的产品能够满足他们的需
要。正如市场营销的定义，它是一门钻研如何更好地满足人们需求的学科。
但是，不可否认，市场营销有一个很大的限制，就是我们只能满足那些有能力消费我们的产品，或者有机会参加我们活动的人，我们只能使有经济能力，或者社会
地位的客户感到更大的满足。某程度上，可以说市场只能服务于有消费能力的客户。
一直以来，我也觉得金融也是"富人专属的游戏"，只有拥有相当资本的人才能享受金融带来的种种好处，更大的受益，金融的门槛似乎比营销还要高。大量的数
据也证明，拥有更多资产的机构投资者或者富人可以更好地利用金融为之服务。在中国大部分的金融资源也是集中于少数的大客户中，中小客户可以得到的资源非
常有限，至于穷人，他们可能得到银行的帮助的更加少之又少。一直以来的规模经济的理论，让这一切似乎都很合理，毕竟银行还是需要赚钱的。
但是看了今年诺贝尔和平奖获得者尤努思（YUNUS）创建格莱珉银行（Grameen Bank）的故事后，才知道现在富人得到最多的资源，然后穷人得
不到银行的帮助不是必然存在的，我才意识其实金融领域可以帮助到的人远超我们的想象。尤努思建立了一家服务于最贫穷的人，并致力于实现扶贫和财务可持续
双重目的的金融机构。"尤努斯：基本上，我们借钱给最穷的人，其中大多数是贫穷的妇女，无需抵押，无需担保，不用签署法律文件，也不存在连带责任。也就
是说，我们颠覆了人们对于银行的一般意义上的理解。" 根据世界银行的研究，每年格莱珉银行的借贷者中有5％脱贫。我们自己的调查显示，迄今格莱珉银行
借款者共有58％脱贫。
不同于单纯的扶贫，格莱珉银行是为希望可以自力更生的人们提供了可以提供改变命运的机会的和条件。这里引用一下尤努斯当时的例子：饥荒之后，1976
年，尤努斯在吉大港附近的乔布拉村调查时发现，他只需要拿出27美元，就可以让42个有贷款需求的穷人购买原料，操持小生意，就可以改变他们的命运！生
活艰苦的贫困人们一般有两种原因：一种是出生时已经有天生的残缺，他们难以养活自己，对于这种情况只能冀望与医学的进步，我可以做的毕竟很少；另外一种
情况是身体健康但出生于贫困的家庭，他们希望依靠自己的努力创出一片天地，但是他们缺乏原始的资本积累，他们需要有人能够提供一个机会，就像当年尤努斯
27美元的作用，对于很多人来说，这只是很少的一笔钱，但是对于某些人来说，这可能就是能够改变命运的一笔钱。
一直以来我都对金融有着浓厚的兴趣，从最初的感性认识觉得这是一门可以教会我怎样赚钱的学科，到更深入的学习后，感受到这是一门如何为世界创造更多财富
的学科，它把风险和人的满足量化，最大化每一笔资金的价值，一切对于我来说都是那么的吸引。但由于大部分的资金都是集中在相对少数人手中，难以避免金融
的发展对于国家、机构、富人的好处比较大。但我一直相信，如果我可以在金融这个领域有所建树，创造出更多的财富，或者能够控制到更多的财富，我就可以利
用我的影响力去帮助有需要的人们。就像我在大学的时候，由于拥有不错的领导组织能力和公信力，所以我可以组织班里的同学作为志愿者去慧灵智障中心为有需
要的人服务，但不可否认这种帮助是有限和相对间接的，毕竟我的力量还是有限的。
然而，尤努斯的例子告诉我，我的金融知识其实是可以直接帮助于有需要的人的。尤努斯利用他的金融知识，创立了小组联保贷款、分期贷款、分期还款、中心会
议等机制，有效地降低了交易成本和保证还款率。通过这些创新，格莱珉银行把部分组织成本转移到小组，从而减少了交易成本和信息不对称的状况，使得金融服
务能够到达底层贫困人口。这些做法，成为格莱珉的经典模型，在其他国家和地区复制。他的理论创新和实践成功不但惠及孟加拉的人民，而且同时也在影响着世
界的其他需要解决贫穷问题的地区。当前，中国的小额信贷（micro-Finance）发展缓慢，中国几乎是惟一缺乏正规小额信贷机构的发展中国家，而
这种小额信贷正是能够帮助贫困人们自力更生的最有效方式，看了尤努斯的故事后，我有了更强烈的欲望在金融领域内有所建树，推动小额信贷，更好地帮助更多
的人。
好的市场营销推广的产品服务只能使有能力消费的人群更满足更开心，它只能使有能力的人过上更好的生活；但是，好的金融产品则可以使本来没条件过好的生活
的人变得有能力过上好的生活，它可以使有志之士实现梦想。
当前中国，除了贫困人群，中小投资者或者低收入人们也是金融资源相对忽视的领域，绝大部分的金融资源都投放在"大客户"身上，形成我国金融资源分配的错
位。我希望可以凭借自己在金融领域的努力，使更多人关注到这个被忽视的领域，在理论和具体运营上有更多的创新和改革，实现"义利"的平衡，正如我国领导
者所推崇的"和谐社会"。
2006年11月
Roby Leung
第一次看你写的那么长的东西，写得很好哦，虽然有些观点我还是不敢苟同，呵呵！
Nathan Zhang
I have long been fascinated with marketing and finance. My interest in marketing was aroused by the joy of success in estimating customers' demand, which by a proper marketing strategy we can foretell before the customers themselves realize it. As its definition implies, marketing is a science that deals with how to meet people's needs.
However, it is undeniable that marketing is subject to a major constraint that we can only satisfy those who are in a position to consume our products or those who get chances to participate in our activities. To a certain extent, the market only serves people who have consumption capability.
For a long time I believed that finance is "a game exclusive to the rich". Only people with a considerable amount of capital can enjoy the benefits brought about by finance. Large numbers of statistics show that the rich or the institutional investors with more assets are able to take advantage of finance. Most of the financial resources in china are offered to the few large customers while the small and medium-sized customers are confined to a very limited share. It seems reasonable according to the theory of scale economy, for the banks always run for profits.
Not until I read the story of Yunus, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate of the year, who established Grameen Bank, did I come to realize that finance can also help those people deemed not to have the opportunity. The rich do have access to most of the resources, but it is not necessarily true that the poor cannot get financed. Yunus set up a financial institution serving the poor, with dual-purpose of aiding the poor and sustainable financial growth. He said, "Basically, we lend money to the poorest people most of whom are women. No mortgage, no guarantee, no legal documents, no joint liability. That is to say, we topple over the traditional conception of a bank." According to the research by the World Bank, every year 0.5% of the borrowers of Grameen Bank get out of poverty. Our research shows, till now, 58% of the borrowers of Grameen Bank have cast off poverty.
Unlike poverty reduction in the simple sense, Grameen Bank provides opportunities and conditions for people longing for self-dependence to change their lives. Take Yunus' experience as an example: in 1976 after the famine, when Yunus was doing research in Chopra, a village near Chittagong, he found that if he gave 27 dollars to 42 people who needed loans to purchase materials for their small business, life could be different for them!
Two main situations are attributed to the difficult life of the poor people. One is that they are born handicapped and unable to earn a living. For this group, we can do nothing but to rely on the development of medical care. The other case is that born into poor families with good health they desire to develop their own career by themselves, but they lack original capital functioning like the 27-dollar loan offered by Yunus.
My interest in finance came from the perceptual knowledge at the very beginning that it is science showing me how to make money. After further study I gradually learn it is a science leading to more wealth, which makes risks and satisfaction measurable and maximizes the capital invested. It seems so attractive to me. However, as most of the capital is held by a minority of people, the nation, the institutions and the rich are more likely to enjoy more benefits from the development of finance. Still I hold a strong belief that if I could achieve my goal in the field of finance and create a large fortune I would try my best to help people in need of support. Nevertheless, individual's support is rather limited.
By applying the knowledge of finance Yunus offered immediate aid to those in need. His practice has been taken as a model in many other countries which suggests feasible ways to deal with poverty in the rest of the world. At present, micro-finance in China is moving on very slowly. China is the only developing country that lacks regular micro-finance institutions, which turn out to be the most effective way to finance poor people. Yunus' story inspires me to contribute to the development of micro-finance in our country.
Products and service through proper marketing strategies can only satisfy people with consumption capability, but excellent financial products are able to enable those poor people leading a miserable life to become capable of creating a better life and realize their dreams.
Currently in China, small and medium-sized investors or low-income people have been neglected in terms of financial resources. Most of the financial resources are provided to those large-sized customers. Thus allocation of financial resources between the two ends in China is out of proportion. It is my hope that by my earnest endeavor I could draw more attention to this neglected area and bring in more innovations and reforms both in theory and operation to balance justice and profits, as "harmonious society" advocated by our state leaders demonstrates.
Now I am 100% positive that I am determined to carve myself out a brilliant future in the field of finance.