Critical Patch

[Randell Magtoto]

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There are 16 critical infrastructure sectors whose assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, are considered so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof. Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21): Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience advances a national policy to strengthen and maintain secure, functioning, and resilient critical infrastructure. This directive supersedes Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7.

Each summer, American undergraduate and graduate students enrolled at U.S. colleges and universities across the country, spend eight to ten weeks learning one of thirteen languages at an intensive study abroad institute. The CLS Program is designed to promote rapid language gains and essential intercultural fluency in regions that are critical to U.S. national security and economic prosperity.

Designed to leverage best practices in online language learning, CLS Spark provides students with the opportunity to study critical languages virtually when they may not have access to studying these languages on their campuses.

The Critical Language Scholarship (CLS) Program is a program of the U.S. Department of State with funding provided by the U.S. Government and supported in its implementation by American Councils for International Education.

CLS scholars represent the breadth and diversity of the United States. Through personal engagement they help to spread American values and develop mutual understanding with the people of other countries.

The Critical Language Scholarship Program is a program of the U.S. Department of State, with funding provided by the U.S. Government and supported in its implementation by American Councils for International Education.

Critical Raw Materials are indispensable for the EU economy and a wide set of necessary technologies for strategic sectors such as renewable energy, digital, aerospace and defence. The Critical Raw Materials Act (CRM Act) will ensure EU access to a secure and sustainable supply of critical raw materials, enabling Europe to meet its 2030 climate and digital objectives.

Critical raw materials are of high economic importance for Europe while being also highly vulnerable to supply disruptions. Critical raw materials are confronted with a growing global demand, driven by the decarbonisation of economies. For instance, EU demand for rare earth metals is expected to increase six-fold by 2030 and seven-fold by 2050, for lithium, EU demand is expected to increase twelve-fold by 2030 and twenty-one-fold by 2050. Today, Europe relies heavily on imports, often from a single third country, and recent crises have underlined EU strategic dependencies. Without joint and timely action, a well-functioning single market, resiliency and competitiveness, European industries and

EU efforts to meet its climate and digital objectives are at risk.

A communication accompanying the Regulation outlines how the EU intends to strengthen its global engagement to develop and diversify investment, production, and trade with reliable partners. The EU will pursue these objectives in cooperation with third countries through mutually beneficial partnerships, with a view to promoting their own economic development in a sustainable manner while also creating secure, resilient, affordable and sufficiently diversified value chains for the EU.

In addition to an updated list of critical raw materials for the whole EU economy, it lists strategic raw materials, which are those most crucial for strategic technologies used for the green, digital, defence and aerospace applications.

The Act will reduce the administrative burden, streamlining permitting procedures for critical raw materials projects in the EU while ensuring that we keep high social and environmental protection. In addition, selected strategic projects will benefit from support for access to finance and shorter permitting timeframes (27 months for extraction permits and 15 months for processing and recycling permits). EU countries will also have to develop national programmes for exploring geological resources.

To ensure supply chain resilience, the Act creates critical raw materials supply chain monitoring and stress-testing, coordinates strategic stocks and sets risk preparedness obligation on large companies producing strategic technologies.

EU countries will take measures to improve the collection of critical raw material-rich waste and ensure its recycling into secondary critical raw materials. EU countries and private operators will have to investigate the potential for recovery of critical raw materials from extractive waste. To incentivise large-scale recycling of permanent magnets, the Act sets requirements on recyclability and recycled content. The Act empowers the Commission to establish rules for the environmental footprint of critical raw materials subject to various safeguards. This will help to increase the circularity and sustainability of critical raw materials placed on the EU market, allowing customers to make informed choices about products containing critical raw materials.

The European Commission's Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs plays a vital role in promoting the sustainable supply and use of critical raw materials (CRMs) in Europe. The Directorate-General is responsible for implementing the Critical Raw Materials Act, alongside the EU Raw Materials Initiative

The Commission has been assessing raw materials for their criticality since 2011. Since then, it has published an update of the list of EU Critical Raw Materials every three years. In 2023, 87 materials were analysed for their supply risk and importance to the EU economy. See the results of the assessment published in a study, and detailed information on each screened material in its factsheet. Accompanying this work is also the updated foresight study on raw materials.

For each critical habitat designation, click on the Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) link to view available critical habitat maps and any textual descriptions that further clarify the critical habitat boundaries. Supporting materials, including reports and/or supplemental maps, if available, can be found by clicking on the Critical Habitat Rule. For all critical habitat spatial data, the proposed or final rule and Code of Federal Regulations, available in the table below, should be consulted for the complete description of the proposed or final critical habitat.

Once critical habitat is designated, federal agencies must consult with us to ensure that any activities they authorize, fund, or carry out are not likely to destroy or adversely modify the critical habitat.

The CM2AE Tech Hub seeks to strengthen production of critical minerals for downstream U.S. advanced energy manufacturing and enhance national security by reducing the risk, cost, and time required to develop commercially viable hydrometallurgical processing and manufacturing operations.

Section 1. Policy. Repeated cyber intrusions into critical infrastructure demonstrate the need for improved cybersecurity. The cyber threat to critical infrastructure continues to grow and represents one of the most serious national security challenges we must confront. The national and economic security of the United States depends on the reliable functioning of the Nation's critical infrastructure in the face of such threats. It is the policy of the United States to enhance the security and resilience of the Nation's critical infrastructure and to maintain a cyber environment that encourages efficiency, innovation, and economic prosperity while promoting safety, security, business confidentiality, privacy, and civil liberties. We can achieve these goals through a partnership with the owners and operators of critical infrastructure to improve cybersecurity information sharing and collaboratively develop and implement risk-based standards.

Sec. 2. Critical Infrastructure. As used in this order, the term critical infrastructure means systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating impact on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination of those matters.

Sec. 3. Policy Coordination. Policy coordination, guidance, dispute resolution, and periodic in-progress reviews for the functions and programs described and assigned herein shall be provided through the interagency process established in Presidential Policy Directive-1 of February 13, 2009 (Organization of the National Security Council System), or any successor.

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