The Key Words Reading Scheme is a series of 36 English language early readers children's books, published by the British publishing company, Ladybird Books. The series are also often referred to as Peter and Jane, the names of the main characters.
The first book in the series, Ladybird series 641, was published in 1964, and the series was completed by the first publication of the 36th book in 1967. Over 80 million books in the series have been sold worldwide, and the books remain in print in 2012.
The books were designed as materials for teaching a small child to learn to read, using a system of key phrases and words devised by teacher William Murray. Murray was an educational adviser at a borstal and later headmaster of a "school for the educationally subnormal" in Cheltenham. From research undertaken in the 1950s by Murray with Professor Joe McNally, an educational psychologist at the University of Manchester, Murray realised that only 12 words account for a quarter of the vocabulary used in normal speaking, reading and writing in the English language, 100 words for half, and 300 words for three-quarters.
Starting with book 1a, a budding reader of primary school age, from 3 to 5 years old, is introduced to brother and sister Peter and Jane, their dog Pat, their Mummy and Daddy, and their home, toys, playground, the beach, shops, buses and trains, and so on. The first book uses the 12 key words which are used repeatedly ("Here is Peter", "Peter is here", "Here is Jane", "Jane is here", "I like Peter", "I like Jane"). Additional words are introduced gradually, page by page, to expand the reader's reading vocabulary, with the new words on each page set out in a footnote. The reader can consolidate their learning with books 1b, or practise writing in book 1c, all with the same vocabulary; or progress to book 2a (and 2b and 2c), and so on, with 12 sets of three books in all.
Two more characters, Simon and John, were introduced further into the series, as the books developed in length and detail to become targeted at growing children who had developed further reading skills. These two characters are cousins of Peter and Jane.
All of the books are small, thin hardback volumes with 56 pages, measuring 112170 mm (4" 6"). Each book has text on a left page and an illustration on the facing right page, drawn by artists Harry Wingfield, Martin Aitchison, Frank Hampson, Robert Ayton and John Berry. The illustrations vary in style from book to book, depending on artist, but Peter and Jane are recognisable throughout. The clear sans serif typeface used in the books starts at a large size and gradually becomes smaller as the reader progresses through the series. The sentence structure also becomes gradually more complex.
The books were first published in 1964, with a firmly 1950s feel to the illustrations provided by the furniture and clothing depicted, and the social context reflecting the life of a white, middle-class family. The books were revised and updated in 1970, and again in the late 1970s, to reflect changes in fashions and in social attitudes. For example, golliwogs were airbrushed out; Daddy takes a more active domestic role; and Jane moved out of skirts and dresses into jeans, and abandoned her dolly for rollerskates. However, Peter still goes out to help Daddy, or actively plays with a ball, while Jane stays indoors to help Mummy, passively watches Peter, or plays with her doll.
Few changes have been made to the books since the 1970s, and they may be considered a source of social history. The books make use of the whole word or "look and say" technique which is generally considered outmoded as a method of reading education when not used in conjunction with phonics. Nevertheless, the books remain on sale in 2013, priced relatively cheaply at around 2.99 per book.
The first column shows the original 1960s version. The second column shows the first revision books produced in the early 70s and the last column shows the late 70s books, when the remaining artwork was given a makeover and the layout of the covers was changed to give the framed picure on the front. The revised books kept the colour distinction to show a,b or c books although the colour red became orange).
Sometimes I think being here is like being in my bedsit. How did I bring that place with me? I am here, and Daddy and Jane are here, but I sit in my room and keep them out. I eat. There are toys and books in my room from when I was little. They are no good to me now. They are nothing. Mummy is nothing and nowhere and nothing is anything now.
It depends on the child. Lots of children learn through phonics. Some do learn through read and say. My friends son has recently learned to read with Peter and Jane books after just not getting on with phonics at all.
I have fond memories of Peter and Jane books from my school days, so I guess school just have used them then. I was always good at reading!
I loved Peter and Jane books when I was a child. And it's how we were taught to read! I don't understand the 'outdated technique' thing, I mean, a generation learnt to read that way. Maybe the new way is quicker, or works better for some, but clearly the old way worked too.
When my dd was 3 I taught her the alphabet sounds and by 4 she was learning blends. She learned to read with Peter and Jane and flash cards. The scheme is built on repetition of most common words. By the time she started school at 5 she was reading Heidi and I was told her reading age was 8 years and 3 months. She still reads a lot as an adult. I taught my 2 sons with the same method and they too could read very well before starting school and had reading ages of 7 1/2years and 8 years. They try to still both read a lot as adults. I used to play games with them using the flash cards for words in the books. They all took to the books well.
I learnt to read with the Peter and Jane books nearly 50 years ago, before I started school. I went on to be an avid reader, devouring books from the library and any others I could get my hands on. They worked for me!
The Peter and Jane books are a perfectly legitimate way of teaching children to read. There is a massive overemphasis on phonics, driven largely by the fact Ruth Miskin was shacked up with the Head of Ofsted when she wrote RWFI.
In order to become a reader, one needs to want to read, which is something a rigid phonics system ignores. The more effective system incorporates phonics, books and a general literacy friendly approach.
Sadly,most early years classrooms have thrown out big books, do songs on the whiteboard, neglect speaking and listening and spend so fucking long on phonics lessons I'm dying of boredom as an adult observer.
TLDR: read anything, it's more interesting than early years phonics lessons.
Phonics is a fantastic way for children to learn to read and write. My sons reading and writing levels are much higher than my daughter who did not learn phonics. Whilst it's obviously fine to read all types of books if the purpose is for learning to read it would be better to start with phonics as that's what will be done at school.
It seems daft to ban certain books because they don't fit with the current learning method. To read some posts here, it's amazing that generations of people learned to read without phonics!
What if Peter and Jane are the books that instil an enthusiasm for reading in a child?
In order to become a reader, one needs to want to read
Absolutely. And for me that is why the best thing that parents can do is to read TO/WITH their children and instill a love of books and literature. They should carry on doing this as children get older as many 7/8 year olds want to read quite complicated books and are frustrated that they can not yet do it on their own.
I always think it is interesting that children in the Uk are taught to read when they are 4 or so. But their European counterparts do not start until they are 7+. By the age of 8/9 there is no difference between the two groups in reading ability but the Europeans seem to avoid a lot of the frustration that younger UK children feel.
Kristin, you're quite right. That was the intention behind my pastiche. I wanted to contrast the friendly, innocent world that's portrayed in so many books for young children from that period with the darker aspects of childhood.
Most people I know had a rude awakening at some point in their childhood, whether it was from the proverbial friendly uncle or a stranger in the park. It was shocking how common these experiences were.
For me, books like Peter and Jane represent that idealised childhood that so few of us have actaully had.
i so love your pastiche of the peter and jane books (loved The Ladybird Book of the Recession too - had missed it first time round, but I think I only discovered your blog a year and a bit ago).
I've been teaching Trefusis Minor to read using Peter and Jane - it works for him in a way that the Oxford Reading Tree (is that what it's called?)