Flutter Khmer Pdf

[Kizzy Burnworth]

Ispent a good two hours of the bus ride from Bangkok to Poipet gazing three seats ahead at the Cambodian mother kissing her sweet baby. Ahh, the flutter of my heart and the patter of that good old biological clock!

Talking with any tourist who has been to more than a few temples in the hundred-building complex of beautiful Angkor Wat, he or she will inevitably emphasize the awesomeness of the trees twisting through the thousand-year structures.

Atrial flutter is a common abnormal heart rhythm where the upper chambers (atria) of the heart are beating too fast. These fast atrial muscle contractions are out of sync with the lower chambers (ventricles) and can be dangerous if left untreated. Unlike atrial fibrillation which is an irregular heart rhythm, the atria in atrial flutter usually beat in a rapid regular manner.

Patients with atrial flutter usually continue to have a regular heartbeat, even though it is faster than normal. It is possible that patients may feel no symptoms at all. Others do experience symptoms, which may include: heart palpitations, shortness of breath and fatigue, a reduced exercise tolerance, pressure, tightness or discomfort in your chest and dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting. If left untreated, the side effects of atrial flutter can, in selected individuals, lead to more serious conditions. There is a risk of stroke due to clot formation or heart failure due to the heart beating rapidly for long periods of time causing the heart muscle to become weak.

If the Cardiologist suspects atrial flutter, then a simple ECG can help confirm the diagnosis. Your doctor may recommend an Ambulatory ECG Monitor and Echocardiogram to further evaluate your condition. In selected patients, further investigations may be required.

The most optimal recommended treatment is radiofrequency catheter ablation which is potentially curative treatment for atrial flutter and is associated with better success rates and much lower recurrence rates when compared to mediaction or cardioversion.

Refracted waves of light from the film illuminate the room, making the ceiling appear as if it was the surface of a swimming pool. Large pieces of paper taped to the wall flutter as strategically placed whirring fans gently cool the room. When I turn away from the film to look out the window, a heavy rain has blurred the view, now an unfocused photo saturated by an Instagram filter.

As the grainy black-and-white newsreel flickered on the whiteboard, grim scenes of ant-like Cambodians trudging in long, twisting lines, emptying baskets of rocks and dirt melted into scenes of an eternally grinning Pol Pot, walking from a car into the Olympic Stadium, speaking to villagers in a forest, and finally, rows of saluting black-clad Cambodians with kramas tied around their necks.

While Cambodian Sign Language is in use, the process of documenting Cambodian Sign Language continues as a joint project between Deaf Development Programme and Krousar Thmey. The two organizations are translating the national curriculum of Cambodia into sign language. They have completed the textbooks for grades 1-3. As they translate the curriculum, new signs are being invented by a committee.

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After 27 years of international amnesia over bringing the Khmer Rouge to justice, and following six years of intense negotiations between the United Nations and the Government of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge tribunal, officially known as the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), was established in 2006. The tribunal is a UN-assisted national court, with international participation of prosecutors and judges.

On 4 February 2008, the Khmer Rouge's second in command, Nuon Chea, now 81 years old, made his first appearance in court. He is being held at the Khmer Rouge tribunal's facility outside Phnom Penh, along with four other senior leaders, including former Foreign Minister Ieng Sary and then Head of State Khieu Samphan. For many of the victims of the Khmer Rouge regime, the court appearance of Nuon Chea, though 29 years delayed, was highly significant -- the best proof that justice, denied for so long, would at last be achieved. Everyone hoped that the spectre of the Khmer Rouge, which had haunted Cambodia since the 1960s, would finally disappear. However, many of them and those in the international community are still puzzled why it took so long for the tribunal to begin the proceedings.

To be able to grasp this mystery, we have to go back to history. The Khmer Rouge started as a small communist insurgency against Prince Norodom Sihanouk's neutralist Government in the cold war, and grew into a terror regime during its rule from April 1975 to January 1979. This resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.7 million Cambodians through execution, exhaustion and starvation. Massive bombings of eastern Cambodia by the United States (1969-1973) and the overthrow of Sihanouk by a pro-American right-wing general in March 1970 radicalized the rural youth, turning many of them into the arms of the regime. The enraged Prince embraced Pol Pot, leader of the Khmer Rouge in Beijing , thereby opening the flood gates of Chinese arms to the Khmer Rouge and contributing to its meteoric rise.

On 7 January 1979, the Vietnamese army, together with a small group of Cambodian rebels, overthrew the genocidal regime, ending the 3 ½ year-long nightmare of the Cambodian people. Suddenly, the Khmer Rouge's unspeakable atrocities were revealed and had generated an outcry echoed throughout the world. Demands for justice were voiced everywhere by journalists and civil society. However, the liberation of the country from these horrors did not end the suffering of the people. Instead, the international outcry against the Khmer Rouge in the United Nations corridors in New York was muffled by diplomatic manoeuvrings. Incredibly, big power machinations awarded Cambodia's contested seat in the United Nations to the regime of Pol Pot, now exiled on the Thai border, rather than to the People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK), which later gained de facto control of the country. This travesty continued until 1991, long after a regime change in Phnom Penh had been accomplished. PRK was isolated politically and economically, although the former Soviet Union and its allies, including a number of non-aligned countries, notably India, continued to support and recognize it, but were outvoted in the General Assembly.

To make a UN resolution more palatable to the world, the Khmer Rouge united with FUNCINPEC, the royalist political party, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF), a pro-American faction, into the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea. The Khmer Rouge flag continued to flutter over the skyline of New York City throughout the 1980s. The Cambodian people, who were not consulted on this ultimate affront, were puzzled and cried for justice. In Phnom Penh , the PRK Government tried Pol Pot and Ieng Sary in absentia, but these trials were ignored by the international community. The stalemate continued until the signing of the Paris Peace Agreements on 23 October 1991, which established the United Nations Transitional Authority on Cambodia (UNTAC) to implement the accords. However, because of the strange decisions of the United Nations in the 1980s, the Peace Agreements and UNTAC were already damaged at the initial stage by conflicting mandates, exaggerated hopes and UN inexperience. The major flaw, pressed by the United States and China in the Security Council, was that the Khmer Rouge faction was to play a legitimate role in the UNTAC process! Consequently, an emboldened Khmer Rouge refused to be disarmed by UNTAC, leading to a total failure in demobilization and an escalation of security problems during and after the UNTAC mandate. The timid attitude towards the regime allowed it to violate the stipulations of the Peace Agreements, including refusing to let UNTAC enter its territory and taking its personnel hostage.

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