Primitive binary trinomial middle exponents.

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Ed Pegg

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Feb 10, 2026, 12:00:19 PM (3 days ago) Feb 10
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Would this be OEIS-worthy?

Some initial minimal low-weight binary primitive polynomials are 
1+x+x^2, 1+x+x^3, 1+x+x^4, 1+x^2+x^5, 1+x+x^6, 1+x+x^7, 1+x^2+x^3+x^4+x^8, 1+x^4+x^9, 1+x^3+x^10, 1+x^2+x^11, 1+x+x^4+x^6+x^12  

If a trinomial exists, give the lowest middle exponent. Otherwise give zero.  

{1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 4, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 7, 0, 3, 2, 1, 5,
0, 3, 0, 0, 3, 2, 0, 3, 0, 13, 0, 2, 11, 0, 0, 4, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 5, 0, 9, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 24, 0, 7, 19, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 18, 0,
0, 9, 0, 0, 6, 0, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 4, 0, 0, 13, 0, 0, 13,
0, 38, 0, 0, 0, 2, 21, 11, 0, 6, 11, 0, 37, 0, 0, 9, 0, 16, 15, 0,
31, 0, 0, 10, 0, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 33, 8, 0, 18, 0, 2, 37, 0, 0, 1, 0,
5, 3, 0, 29, 0, 57, 11, 0, 21, 0, 0, 29, 0, 21, 0, 0, 52, 0, 0, 27,
0, 53, 3, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 0, 18, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 34,
23, 0, 7, 0, 13, 6, 0, 8, 87, 0, 0, 0, 0, 56, 0, 24, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
9, 0, 15, 87, 0, 0, 0, 65, 34, 0, 14, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 43, 0, 6, 0,
0, 105, 0, 0, 23, 0, 45, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 33, 0, 32, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
26, 0, 74, 31, 0, 5, 0, 0, 36, 0, 70, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 82, 0, 86, 103,
0, 67, 0, 0, 52, 0, 12, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 93, 0, 42, 47, 0, 25, 0, 53,
58, 0, 23, 67, 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, 0, 93, 35, 0, 119, 0, 69, 71, 0, 21,
0, 0, 97, 0, 61, 48, 0, 5, 0, 0, 7, 0, 41, 0, 0, 102, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 79, 15, 0, 135, 0, 0, 36, 0, 31, 67, 0, 0, 0, 0, 34, 0, 50, 0,
0, 123, 2, 0, 0, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0, 125, 75, 0, 22, 0, 0, 0, 0, 53,
34, 0, 69, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 68, 0, 0, 63, 0, 67, 0, 29, 21, 0, 91,
139, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 41, 43, 0, 47, 0, 81, 90, 0, 6, 83, 0, 0, 0,
89, 28, 0, 7, 135, 0, 25, 0, 0, 86, 0, 152, 0, 0, 189, 0, 157, 71,
0, 87, 0, 0, 147, 0, 0, 102, 0, 107, 0, 0, 0, 0, 149, 25, 0, 12, 0,
0, 105, 0, 0, 120, 0, 33, 0, 0, 165, 0, 65, 49, 0, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0,
105, 73, 0, 134, 79, 0, 0, 0, 0, 38, 0, 16, 203, 0, 61, 0, 73, 93,
0, 59, 0, 0, 0, 0, 149, 1, 0, 0, 191, 0, 15, 0, 121, 104, 0, 138, 0,
0, 105, 0, 0, 94, 0, 83, 219, 0, 0, 0, 137, 76, 0, 78, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 3, 0, 156, 95, 0, 109, 0, 0, 10, 0, 85, 0, 0, 0, 0, 33, 79, 0, 32,
0, 0, 167, 0, 0, 47, 0, 42, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 94, 0, 0, 179, 0,
0, 16, 0, 122, 0, 0, 0, 0, 193, 135, 0, 39, 0, 0, 153, 0, 0, 34, 0,
71, 0, 0, 163, 0, 153, 143, 0, 77, 67, 0, 0, 0, 13, 146, 0, 25, 0,
0, 0, 0, 85, 130, 0, 121, 0, 0, 151, 0, 93, 0, 0, 86, 19, 0, 0, 0,
0, 30, 0, 201, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 105, 0, 31, 127, 0, 0, 0, 0, 211, 0,
200, 0, 0, 0, 0, 297, 68, 0, 133, 0, 0, 223, 0, 0, 307, 0, 101, 315,
0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 11, 119, 0, 0, 0, 249, 5, 0, 37, 3, 0, 93, 0, 0,
88, 0, 38, 55, 0, 0, 0, 297, 257, 0, 33, 0, 0, 0, 0, 153, 15, 0, 28,
0, 0, 241, 0, 0, 66, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 197, 13, 0, 14, 0, 0, 299, 0,
0, 212, 0, 267, 215, 0, 0, 0, 37, 0, 0, 19, 0, 0, 287, 0, 0, 92, 0,
41, 23, 0, 183, 0, 0, 150, 0, 9, 231, 0, 0, 0, 5, 180, 0, 58, 147,
0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 0, 5, 347, 0, 153, 0, 0, 90, 0, 258, 351, 0, 0, 0,
0, 18, 0, 158, 19, 0, 349, 0, 0, 98, 0, 3, 83, 0, 0, 0, 0, 168, 0,
120, 0, 0, 7, 0, 185, 367, 0, 29, 375, 0, 0, 0, 329, 68, 0, 92, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 30, 0, 253, 143, 0, 0, 0, 0, 25, 0, 217, 0, 0, 295, 0,
141, 7, 0, 15, 299, 0, 167, 0, 145, 333, 0, 52, 119, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9,
0, 38, 255, 0, 205, 0, 0, 49, 0, 149, 0, 0, 0, 0, 61, 54, 0, 144,
47, 0, 0, 2, 0, 136, 0, 253, 111, 0, 0, 0, 0, 29, 0, 119, 0, 0, 0,
0, 349, 0, 0, 1, 75, 0, 145, 0, 0, 378, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0,
78, 0, 0, 173, 0, 0, 147, 0, 169, 0, 0, 31, 0, 173, 12, 0, 113, 207,
0, 1, 0, 0, 160, 0, 117, 187, 0, 143, 0, 0, 204, 0, 91, 0, 0, 0, 0,
77, 36, 0, 221, 0, 0, 0, 0, 365, 403, 0, 0, 0, 0, 275, 0, 0, 417, 0,
217, 207, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 0, 79, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 260, 0, 168, 0, 0,
305, 0, 0, 143, 0, 18, 0, 0, 103, 0, 0, 36, 0, 74, 0, 0, 115, 0, 0,
19, 0, 15, 0, 0, 0, 0, 277, 230, 0, 222, 0, 0, 121, 0, 0, 39, 0, 62,
223, 0, 0, 0, 101, 59, 0, 17, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 75, 0, 55, 0, 0, 0, 0,
385, 186, 0, 0, 0, 0, 461, 0, 317, 7, 0, 294, 35, 0, 203, 0, 93, 68,
0, 108, 75, 0, 411, 0, 0, 21, 0, 412, 439, 0, 41, 0, 0, 10, 0, 141,
0, 0, 291, 0, 105, 24, 0, 198, 27, 0, 0, 0, 0, 168, 0, 463, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 445, 230, 0, 24, 407, 0, 189, 0, 0,
112, 0, 91, 79, 0, 23, 0, 261, 139, 0, 14, 83, 0, 0, 0, 117, 65, 0,
21, 195, 0, 327, 0, 0, 13, 0, 107, 0, 0, 479, 0, 0, 283, 0, 62, 0,
0, 0, 0, 309, 27, 0, 103, 551, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 0, 277, 31, 0, 539,
0, 357, 0, 0, 227, 131, 0, 23, 0, 0, 90, 0, 241, 75, 0, 307, 0,
245, 66, 0, 365, 0, 0, 19, 0, 189, 133, 0, 114, 0, 0, 0, 0, 133,
476, 0, 16, 375, 0, 0, 0, 0, 87, 0, 134, 171, 0, 413, 0, 233, 196,
0, 173, 0, 0, 519, 0, 0, 114, 0}

Related:  https://oeis.org/A073639  

Neil Sloane

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Feb 10, 2026, 12:57:47 PM (3 days ago) Feb 10
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> Would this be OEIS-worthy?

Yes!

I think we probably already have the n for which x^n + x^i + 1 is primitive for some i, so that should be a cross-ref.

Best regards
Neil 

Neil J. A. Sloane, Chairman, OEIS Foundation.
Also Visiting Scientist, Math. Dept., Rutgers University, 



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Ed Pegg

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Feb 10, 2026, 1:04:14 PM (3 days ago) Feb 10
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https://oeis.org/A073726  
Primitive irreducible trinomials: x^n + x^k + 1 is a primitive irreducible polynomial (mod 2) for some k with 0 < k < n.

Ed Pegg

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Feb 10, 2026, 1:08:46 PM (3 days ago) Feb 10
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Minimal k  for  https://oeis.org/A073726   
1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 3, 2, 1, 3, 7, 3, 2, 1, 5, 3, 3, 2, 3, 13, 2, 11, 4, 3, 5, 9, 3, 24, 7, 19, 1, 1, 18, 9, 6, 25, 9, 4, 13, 13, 38, 2, 21, 11, 6, 11, 37, 9, 16, 15, 31, 10, 9, 33, 8, 18, 2, 37, 1, 5, 3, 29, 57, 11, 21, 29, 21, 52, 27, 53, 3, 1, 31, 18, 6, 34, 23, 7, 13, 6, 8, 87, 56, 24, 9, 15, 87, 65, 34, 14, 55

Ed Pegg

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Feb 10, 2026, 1:19:40 PM (3 days ago) Feb 10
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I should have looked it up...  https://oeis.org/A074744  lists the k values.  
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