I managed to get an ESP8266 WiFi module to post data to a google spreadsheet.
Instead of using an arduino, the ESP module runs the code itself, acting like both an arduino and a WiFi module at the same time. It can also be connected to sensors like an arduino to read and send data.
Because neither the arduino or the RPi (or another WiFi enabled server) are required it brings both the cost and size of a sensor array right down. I think this ESP module cost about $3.50 including postage.
The ESP-01 I'm using only has 2 input pins but the ESP-03 has a bunch more, which could make it a better choice for this approach.
I need to solder an ESP-03 to a breadboard adapter before I can test it out.
Here's a link to the published data:
Currently it's just incrementing a value during each loop and posting that value. It can be easily replaced with the reading from a sensor.
Here's a document with some of the info you need to do it:
It's a draft and I'll probably add more info and links, etc. but it covers most of the important points.
It's not the easiest process to do. Many of the other arduino prototypes are easier to build.
But this approach is very cheap (for a wifi enabled sensor array) and results in a very small circuit. So in many way it's worth the tedious setup process.