Dfx Plus Serial Number
Julia Heaslet
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Oh, really interesting question, Ryan! I think the most straightforward answer to your question is that - at least in this stage of your expected / assumed learning process - the unary plus (+) operator can be explained in terms that are more meaningful or digestible than delving into the Number() constructor. To really get a grasp of how the Number() constructor works, or to explain it in an effective way, you'd need to familiarise yourself with objects (and primitive wrapper objects), and constructors. But it's not really needed at this point.
Basically, it's the equivalent to the Number() constructor called as a function. It achieves the same goal, but is a little easier to write and understand - and helps achieve the goal of making coding more accessible.
Actually, parseInt() is preferred for most situations. The behaviors of the various conversion mechanisms varies a bit, it's a good idea to understand how they differ before making a choice. Here's a chart of examples for each:
Thank you Steven :) is there a reason why parseInt() is preferred?I came across this table online and it does help. I then experimented with various values myself and it looks like Number() and unary + now return NaN for booleans and null the same way parseInt() and parseFloat() do.
For your benefit, Ryan McFarlane, we can dig a little deeper and look under the hood. It can get a little complex as we poke further down the hole, so don't worry about some of the terminology right now - it's not too important right now.
So, Number is a primitive wrapper object - it's a standard built in object used to represent and manipulate numbers. When we use the Number() constructor or unary (+) operator, we're attempting to create a new Number object. But it doesn't just say "okay, this is now a number" - it runs its own processes to evaluate the validity of what you've entered.
According to the ECMA specs for the Number Constructor, when Number is called with an argument (so there's a value present between the parentheses), a few steps are taken. An abstract operation called ToNumeric(value) is performed, which converts the value into a primitive in the form of a Number or a BigInt, type checks it to confirm that it is in fact either a Number or BigInt, and returns a response. White space is trimmed (so you could enter Number(" 5 " ) and still return 5. However, if you were to pass a pixel value as an argument (for example Number("32px") ) you'd throw an error, as 32px is neither a Number nor a BigInt. Test is failed.
Interestingly, where Steven noted passing Number() an empty string returns 0, this comes down to the nature of Boolean objects in JavaScript. The MDN Docs for Boolean objects notes that an empty string has an initial boolean value of false. Number() then runs its operation as Number(false), calls ToNumeric(value) when then in turn returns the ToNumber(argument) abstract operation...which returns 1 if the argument is true, and returns 0 if the argument is false.
So - the long and short of it is that if you were to pass a string such as "tomato" to the Number() constructor, it would be interpreted as a string and the conversion would fail. You'll get NaN returned. But if you were to pass it an empty string, it would be interpreted as false per the Boolean object standards, which then gets evaluated and returned as a 0. What a whirlwind.
parseInt(), on the other hand, is a method on the Number object. It performs a similar process to the Number() constructor, but it contains a number of additional steps to convert and trim a string. So instead of just trimming whitespace and attempting a raw interpretation and conversion of the value, it has defined steps within the method to extract the longest valid numerical range within the string. If you take a look at the ECMA specs you'll see a range of additional steps - in fact, parseFloat() ultimately will call ToString(), TrimString(), ParseText(), StringToCodePoint() among other additional abstract functions. The result is that in my string " 25421px " only the series of digits are extracted and type converted using the Number() constructor.
So as long as you have standard numeric input, there's no difference. However, if your input starts with a number and then contains other characters, parseFloat truncates the number out of the string, while Number gives NaN (not a number):
On the whole, I find Number to be more reasonable, so I almost always use Number personally (and you'll find that a lot of the internal JavaScript functions use Number as well). If someone types '1x' I prefer to show an error rather than treat it as if they had typed '1'. The only time I really make an exception is when I am converting a style to a number, in which case parseFloat is helpful because styles come in a form like '3px', in which case I want to drop the 'px' part and just get the 3, so I find parseFloat helpful here. But really which one you choose is up to you and which forms of input you want to accept.
The difference is what happens when the input is not a "proper number". Number returns NaN while parseFloat parses "as much as it can". If called on the empty string Number returns 0 while parseFloat returns NaN.
parseFloat is a bit slower because it searches for first appearance of a number in a string, while the Number constuctor creates a new number instance from strings that contains numeric values with whitespace or that contains falsy values.
The number of Days is calculated via formula, from one cell that lists Project hours (which I manually input) and each project is assigned to a crew, which have different amounts of hours that can be produced each day (i.e 2 man crew for an 8 hour day = 16 hours produced a day, 3 man crew = 24 etc...) which I then have "Rounded Up" in another column, because for us anything over one day (i.e. 1.25 days) is actually going to take "2" days.
In order to calculate the End date, my Crew Days need to be added to the Start Date. Because Crew Days are calculated via formula, it seems to prevent me from making the column properties a "duration" and therefore adding those days to the Start date.
Hi everyone, Please send help. I have a formula set up to calculate total costs. However, I need to have it set up so that the total amount subtracts from a budget total. For example, say the budget it 20,000. I need the =SUM(Amount:Amount) to automatically subtract from the 20,000. I hope this makes sense. Thank you!
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Again, you have zero control over how the destination carriers present their calls to their own end users. Just like you have no control over if they accept your present CallerID or do a CallerID Lookup on their own.
That means if I want to present CallerID to my end users in a 10 digit format (no + or 1) I have to alter the CallerID when I get it from the provider into the format I want to present to my end users.
What im not understanding is why does the caller id have a + in front of it when the call comes from voip.ms but not when the call comes from voipmuch both going to a bell cell phone?
AND
Why does the + not get added from 1 voip.ms number when calling a bell cell phone but it does when calling from another voip.ms number to a bell cell phone? (Like i mentioned early with my voip.ms number it does add a + but for another company i know they dont have problems with this)
That means Bell Cell is most likely honoring however the CallerID is being presented to them and some of the carriers Voip.ms use are presenting in E.164 and some are presenting in 11-digit or 10 digit.
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