Electricity And Magnetism 1 Pdf Notes

[Klacee Sawatzky]

Electricityand magnetism are one of the most interesting topics in physics. In this article, we will learn about the concepts of magnetism and electricity and the relationship between them. We shall also learn the magnetism and electricity definition, interesting concepts like electron movement, conductors, semiconductors and insulators, and magnetic field.

Electricity is the presence and motion of charged particles. How does energy travel through copper wire and through space? What is electric current, electromotive force, and what makes a landing light turn on or a hydraulic pump motor run? Each of these questions requires an understanding of many basic principles. By adding one basic idea on top of other basic ideas, it becomes possible to answer most of the interesting and practical questions about electricity or electronics. Our understanding of electric current must begin with the nature of matter. All matter is composed of molecules. All molecules are made up of atoms, which are themselves made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

These are materials that do not conduct electrical current very well or not at all. Good examples of these are glass, ceramic, and plastic. Under normal conditions, atoms in these materials do not produce free electrons. The absence of the free electrons means that electrical current cannot be conducted through the material. Only when the material is in an extremely strong electrical field will the outer electrons be dislodged. This action is called breakdown and usually causes physical damage to the insulator.

Magnetism is a concept introduced in physics to help you understand one of the fundamental interactions in nature, the interaction between moving charges. Like the gravitational force and the electrostatic force, the magnetic force is an interaction at a distance.

"He could not lecture. He seemed to have no planned course...I grew weary of seeing his demonstrator standing, with thumbs in his waistcoat pockets, almost behind the professor as the latter struggled to boil water."

"Never repeat a phrase.

Never go back and ammend.

If at a loss for a word, not to ch-ch-ch or eh-eh-eh, but to stop and wait for it.

Never doubt a correction given to me by another.

These lecture notes provide a comprehensive introduction to Electromagnetism, aimed at undergraduates. Individual chapters and problem sheets are available below. The full set of lecture notes come in around 230 pages and can be downloaded here. Please do email me if you find any typos or corrections.

Problem sets

Important equations of electromagnetism Here is a list of the main equations and results we encounter in MP204.

Practice Problems Problem bank (``problem set 12'')

This is marked as `Problem set 12', but it is really a largecollection of problems covering all the module material.

Should be useful for practice and for learning the material morethoroughly. Many of the textbooks have collections of problems and worked-out exercises.

In particular, the textbook by Griffiths and that by Purcell & Morin both have large numbers of excellent exercises and problems.

Topics covered in Class We point below to relevant chapters in Prof. Nash's Notes andin Vol. II of the Feynman lectures (referred to as Feynman II below).

Of course, equivalent material is available in many other textbooks,or in online material such as those linked to further down on this page. Maxwell's equations, displacement current density, wave solutions.

Chapters 18 and 20 in Feynman II. Nash notes: chapters V and VI.Electromagnetic Induction; Faraday's law.

Chapters 16 and 17 in Feynman II. Nash notes: chapter V.Vector Potential.

Chapter 15 in Feynman II. Unfortunately, Nash notes do not discuss the vector potential.Magnetic field.

Chapters 13 and 14 in Feynman II. Nash notes: chapter IV. Electric Currents.

Chapter 13 in Feynman II. Nash notes: chapter 3. Applications of Gauss' law.

In Feynman II, Chapter 5 is highly recommended reading. In Nash notes, this is chapter 2. Electric flux. Gauss' dielectric flux theorem (a.k.a. Gauss' law).

In Feynman II, the discussion of flux begins in Chapter 4 Section 5,and continues through Chapter 5. Nash-notes covers thismaterial in Chapter 2.Continuous charge distributions.In class, we worked out how to calculate the potential and theelectric field due to a continuousdistribution of charge by first calculating the contribution due to aninfinitesimal element and then integrating (``adding up''). This isan important technique which will recur throughout this module; pleasemake sure you are able to set up integrals like this yourself.

Some common examples are discussed in thisvideo, this video, this video, this video.Coulomb's Law, Electric Fields, Electric Potentials.Chapter 1 of Nash-notes. The introduction to the electric potentialin Nash-notes Chapter 1 Section 3 is more detailed than we had timefor in class; you might want to read this carefully.

In Feynman lectures Vol. II, you will find similar materialin the first 4 sections of Chapter 4. Overview and Background.In Feynman lectures Vol. II, Chapter 1 gives an overview of what wewill learn this semester.

Chapters 2 and 3 introduces grad-div-curl and vector integration.You are supposed to know most of this material already. Workingthrough them will be a great help for MP204.

Textbooks, lecture notes, etc

Scanned lecture notes from Dr. Masud Hague Scanned lecture notes, part A. (Up to page 7)

Lecture notes from Prof. Charles Nash MP204 lecture notes of Prof. Charles Nash --- this is roughly the material to be covered in the module, with some additions. It is recommended that you work through these notes, and in addition spend significant time working through at least one textbook.

Textbooks There are many, many textbooks on introductory electromagnetism or electrodynamics. You are strongly encouraged to read through one or more textbooks. For example, you could work through the Feynmanlectures (Volume II), which are free to read on this website. The material wewill cover in MP204 is mostly contained within the first 20 chaptersof Volume II. (Specifically: Chapters 1, 4--6, 13--18, 20.) Thiswill be very close to what we will cover. However, the material isvery standard and you will find the same topics in many other texts. Other texts: Fleisch, A Student's Guide to Maxwell's Equations.

Student-friendly, as the title suggests.Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics.

Slightly more advanced than the level of this module, butreading through this text and working out exercises is veryworthwhile.Purcell & Morin, Electricity and Magnetism.

Slightly more advanced than the level of this module. Edminister & Nahvi, Schaum's Outline of Electromagnetics.

Many worked-out examples. Panofsky & Phillips, Classical Electricity and Magnetism.Grant & Phillips, Electromagnetism. Shankar, Fundamentals of Physics II: Electromagnetism, Optics, and Quantum Mechanics. Material available online: Lecture notes from various places.

Of course, we didn't check in detail for correctness and/or howclosely these notes are aligned to the matter we cover in MP204, soplease use at your own discretion.

Please let us know if any of the links don't work.Notes from DAMTP Cambridge. Notes from Duke University. Notes from Hong Kong. Notesfrom Oxford, 2009.Lecture Notes from Ohio State Univ. Notes from Univ. Rochester. Notation We use SI (also called MKS or MKSA) units. Note that many equations look quite different when written in Gaussian (or CGS) units. When reading a textbook, be sure to watch out for which units that text is using. Notations vary. We mostly try using the same notations as in Prof. Nash's notes, but do not always succeed. You anyway need to be able to read and learn from multiple sources using different notations for the same physical quantities.

(Solutions to) previous exams + Sample Exams Here is a sample exam for practice: Sample exam 1, for 2018-2019 Here is the 2019 May exam and here is the 2019 Repeat (August) exam. (Solutions are not available; sorry.) Below are solutions to some past exams.

(The length of exams has changed since 2017.) 2018 Repeat exam + solutions 2018 May exam + solutions 2017 Repeat exam + solutions 2017 May exam + solutions Below are old sample exams for practice. They are in the style of previous (2017-2018) exams. Later exams was structured slightly differently (divided into 4 questions instead of 3), but the material covered and the level of difficulty should be similar. Sample exam 1, for 2017-2018 Sample exam 2, for 2017-2018 Sample exam 3, for 2017-2018

Prerequisite: Vector Calculus This module requires you to be very familiar with Vector Calculus. You should be comfortable with grad/div/curl, Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem, and of course vector addition and components. If you need a review, you can try working through some of the following. We strongly suggest making time to do this at the beginning of semester. Some of the problem sheets (or past exams) of MP201. Feynman lecturesVol. II:Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. This review, especially the exercises. This review. Some practice problems from the latter sections of this online review of multivariate calculus. This webpage is based on the webpage originally prepared by Dr. Masud Hague.

It is an important concept in the study of electricity and magnetism and is used to explain many phenomena, including the behavior of electric circuits and the interaction of charged particles with electromagnetic fields.

Coulomb's law: This law states that the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

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