270% Increase in Hate Speeches in India in the Year 2024

[Centre for Study of Society and Secularism]

270% Increase in Hate Speeches in India in the Year 2024:

Normalization of Hatred Targeting Minorities

Irfan Engineer, Neha Dabhade and Mithila Raut

According to the monitoring conducted by the Centre for Study of Society and Secularism (CSSS), based on reports from the Mumbai editions of prominent newspapers such as The Indian Express, The Times of India, The Hindu, Inquilab, and Sahafat, a total of 122 instances of hate speech were reported in 2024. In contrast, 33 hate speeches were recorded in the previous year, 2023. This reflects a significant increase of 270 percent. One third of these 122 speeches reported, almost 33% were given by Prime Minister Modi.[1]

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Out of 122 recorded hate speeches, 117—constituting nearly 96%—were targeted at Muslims. In comparison, three speeches (2.45%) were directed against Hindus, while one each (0.8%) targeted at Dalits and Sikhs.

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One of the key factors contributing to this sharp rise in hate speech can be attributed to the elections in 2024. Specifically, the general elections, as well as state assembly elections in pivotal states such as Haryana, Jharkhand and Maharashtra, likely played a substantial role in the increase. A considerable portion of these hate speeches were delivered during election campaigns and political rallies, underscoring the heightened use of divisive rhetoric for electoral dividend during this period.

 

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Out of the total 122 hate speeches reported, 38 speeches, constituting 31 percent, were delivered in the state of Maharashtra, indicating the steady rise in communal discourse in the state. Additionally, 23 hate speeches were recorded in Uttar Pradesh, 9 in Jharkhand, 8 in West Bengal, 7 each from Assam, Bihar and 6 in Gujarat. The remaining hate speeches came from across other states- Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Telangana, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.

It is significant to highlight that 109 out of the 122 reported hate speeches, constituting approximately 89.3 percent, were delivered by elected representatives. These included Members of Parliament (MPs), Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), state-level cabinet ministers, union ministers and the Prime Minister.  One hate speech is notably delivered one High Court judge.

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Furthermore, the majority of these hate speeches, 109 out of the 122, were made by leaders affiliated with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), accounting for 89.3% percent of the total hate speeches reported by the aforementioned newspapers.

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A closer examination reveals that 40 out of 122 hate speeches were delivered by the Prime Minister, making up 32.7 percent of the total, while 15 speeches were made by Union Minister Amit Shah. Additionally, 12 hate speeches each were attributed to Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, and Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, and 5 by Maharashtra's then Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis. These cumulatively accounted for 84 hate speeches out of 122, constituting 68.5% of the total hate speeches. The monitoring also pointed out Nitesh Rane, BJP MLA from Maharashtra, delivered 9 hate speeches.

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In addition to these, the monitoring indicates that hate speeches were also made by Union Ministers and state-level cabinet ministers, including one from the BJP and another from the Trinamool Congress.

This situation is deeply concerning as it highlights the alarming normalization of hatred and the failure of the criminal justice system to take effective action, thereby allowing hate speeches to proliferate unchecked. The individuals holding public office, who have sworn an oath to uphold the Constitution, are actively engaged in propagating divisive and hateful rhetoric. A significant proportion- 84 out of 122 of this hate speeches- 68.6% were made during election campaign rallies, prompting opposition parties to urge the Election Commission to recognize these violations of the Model Code of Conduct and take appropriate action against the hate speeches. However, despite these calls for intervention, the Election Commission took no effective measures to deter the spread of hate speech, which continued unabated.

The content of the hate speeches was primarily centred around inflammatory rhetoric, including claims that, if the Congress party came to power, the wealth of Hindus and the nation would be redistributed among Muslims. In these speeches, Muslims were referred as illegal Rohingya and Bangladeshi immigrants; accused them of engaging in love and land jihad; and demanded demolition of their mosques, home and commercial properties. Such statements significantly contributed to the growing anti-Muslim discourse and the broader normalization of hate within public discourse.

A look at the punitive action taken against the members of the ruling party or the lack of it points to the stark pattern that hate speeches continue unabated given the impunity and normalization of hatred. No concrete action seems to have been taken in 2024 despite of slew of hate speeches. While little punitive action was taken against members from the ruling party or religious leaders from Hindu right wing for their hate speeches, the statements made by members from other parties and any non-state actor critiquing the narratives of the ruling party, were strictly being acted upon, marking a paradox.

For instance, the statement made by NCP leader Jitendra Ahwad (Sharadchandra Pawar) faction about Ram being non-vegetarian attracted seven FIRs and vehement criticism from the right wing (Banerjee, 2024). Similarly, in Mumbai, a Dalit student of the International Institute of Population Studies was arrested and a FIR was filed against him promptly after he wrote to the director of IIPS urging him to intervene to stop the celebration of the consecration of Ram temple in Ayodhya on the IIPS campus. He was arrested on the complaint filed by another student who claimed that demanding such intervention hurt his “religious sentiment” (Scroll.in, 2024). Mufti Salman Azhari’s hate speech which is highly condemnable attracted charges slapped under Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act and the matter was investigated by Gujarat police’s Anti-Terrorism Squad (The Hindu, 2024).

However, what stands out in stark contrast is how despite blatant hate speeches inciting ill will against Muslims, the judicial system didn’t act. It appears as if different hate speeches are attracting different punitive action. Civil society groups including PUCL urged for action. PUCL filed a complaint against Prime Minister Narendra Modi seeking immediate registration of FIR and strict action against him over his anti-Muslim hate speech in at an election rally in Banswara (Roytalukdar, 2024). However, no FIR was lodged. The Election Commission also remained equally silent on such demands.

 

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
1	Maharashtra (The Indian Express, 2024)	Mumbai	Jan 1, 2024	Trombay	A video that went viral stated that “arms had been delivered” in the Cheetah Camp area in Mumbai and there would be violence asking people to stay indoors.	Social Media	2 FIR
2	Maharashtra (Khan, 2024)	Thane	Jan, 2024	Mira Road	MLA Geeta Jain in Mira Road threatening to attack Muslims said, “We are greater in numbers, if they need 10-15 minutes, we only need 5 minutes which will be good enough for them.”	Geeta Jain	FIR
3	Maharashtra (Scroll, 2024)	Solapur	Jan 7, 2024	Not Specified	The Telangana MLA T Raja in Solapur said: “The way [Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister] Yogi Adityanath runs bulldozers on love jihadis, the Maharashtra government should also buy and keep some bulldozers. They must gift them to MLAs and MPs and tell them to use them, we’ll see who will do ‘gau hatya’ [cow slaughter] then.” Singh also reportedly called for demolishing mosques that were allegedly built upon sites where temples once stood.	BJP MLA T Raja Singh	FIR
4	Maharashtra (TDG Network, 2024)	Solapur	Jan 7, 2024	Not Specified	BJP MLA Nitesh Rane in Solapur made references to “jihadis” and the demolition of mosques.	Nitesh Rane	FIR

 

 

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
5	Karnataka (Raj, 2024)	Belagavi	Jan 7, 2024	Not Specified	BJP leader KS Eshwarappa threatened Muslims by saying, “For those areas where mosques have been constructed, it would be advantageous if you (Muslims) voluntarily vacate. Otherwise, the repercussions, including how many will be killed and what all would happen, we don’t know”.	KS Eshwarappa	Not Specified
6	Karnataka (M, 2024)	Kumta	Jan 13, 2024	Not Specified	Karnataka MP Anantkumar Hegde called for mosques allegedly built on temples to be demolished. He said, “Until they are demolished, the Hindu community will not sit idly. Revenge, revenge, revenge… if we do not take revenge for the 1,000 years, then the Hindu community can clearly say that ours is not Hindu blood. We are not a community which will be in debt. We will clear the debt at any cost.”	BJP MP Anantkumar Hegde	Suo Moto FIR
7	Maharashtra (Sanatan Prabhat, 2024)	Malegaon	(January last week)	Press conference	Electricity worth ₹300 crores is being stolen in the city. BJP MLA Nitesh Rane has said that this money from electricity theft is used for Love Jihad and Land Jihad. He also warned that if such a large amount of electricity is stolen and the money is used in terrorist activities, we will not tolerate it. In this regard, Rane said that the officials cannot even go to the mohallas (locality) to ask questions regarding the electricity theft in Malegaon. They cannot even go to recover payments.	BJP MLA Nitesh Rane	Not specified

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
8	Maharashtra (Shantha, 2024)	Thane	Jan 23, 2024	Mira Road	BJP MLA Nitesh Rane openly threatened the Muslim community in Mira Road and the police during a press conference. He used offensive language to address the Muslim community, made provocative statements, and urged the Hindu community to “unite and retaliate”	Nitesh Rane	FIR
9	Gujarat (Patha, 2024)	Bikaner	Feb 1, 2024	Jamsar	“A day will come when people will solely follow Islam and no other religion. We are struggling. Increase our power to such a level that no one will ever be able to trouble us. Aaj kutto ka waqt hai kal hamara ayega (Now these dogs are celebrating, tomorrow we will celebrate,” he could be heard saying in the video.	Mufti Salman Azhari	FIR and arrest by Anti-Terrorist Squad
10	Maharashtra (Punwani, 2024)	Mumbai	Feb 10, 2024	Govandi	BJP MLA Nitesh Rane threatened to demolish all mosques in the area if MHADA didn’t demolish them. He also exhorted women to “shun lipstick, take up the sword and become Durga and Kali, and not burqewali.”	BJP MLA Nitesh Rane	No FIR
11	Maharashtra (sabrangindia, 2024)	Mumbai	March 3, 2023	Malad Malwani	BJP MLA Nitesh Rane said, “If anyone tries to do drama or attack Hindu Samaj. In Hanuman Jayanti, Ram Navmi, we have seen stones being pelted, slippers thrown at these marches. If these things, and more things such as land jihad and love jihad are not stopped then we will see to them. We would also like to see how much ‘bravery’ ‘these people’ show. If anyone tries to throw Hindus out, or reduce the Hindu population, we will see to it.” Referring to Bangladeshis, Rane also stated, “Yeh Hindu Rashtra mein Jihadion ka kabhi waqt bhi nahi ayega.”	Nitesh Rane	FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
12	Uttarakhand (Mishra, 2024)	Pithoragarh	March 2024	Dharchula town	A campaign led by a traders’ body in Dharchula town of Uttarakhand wherein locals are being asked not to give shops and houses on rent to “outsiders”, especially to Muslims, who they claim are settling in the town for the last few years, is flaring up tension in the area. The local traders’ association ‘Prantiya Udyog Vyapaar Mandal-Dharchula’ has cancelled the registrations of 91 shops in Dharchula over the last 40 days.	Trader union	Called by police for clarification
13	Maharashtra (Singh, 2024)	Pune	March 6	Not Specified	The Mumbai Crime Branch has arrested a 31-year-old individual, identified as Ashruba Kadam, on charges of making derogatory statements about Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar and a local politician.	Ashruba Kadam	FIR / Arrested
14	Uttar Pradesh (Deccanherald, 2024)	Ambedkar Nagar	March 12, 2023	Not Specified	Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said that before the BJP government in the state, the mafia would encroach the lands of the poor and stopped them from celebrating their festivals. "Can any mafia encroach over the land of the poor today? Can anyone harass our daughters? They know that if they harass any daughter, 'Yamraj' will treat him at the next road intersection”.	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
15	Delhi (Sanatan Prabhat, 2024)	New Delhi	March 23, 2024	NA	Referring to Sharia in India, Amit Shah said, “This is Congress’ appeasement policy. Since the time of the British, the Muslims of this country have been separated from Sharia and many Islamic countries have also kept away from Sharia. Even today, when there is a civil case, Muslims do not go to the ‘Qazi’ (judge according to Sharia law), but to the Court. Do they want to bring and implement Sharia law, where a thief’s hands should be cut off, a rapist should be stoned and a traitor should be hanged at the crossroads, where no Muslim can open a savings account or take a loan? Why Sharia and Hadith are used only for four marriages and talaq? Congress has done vote bank politics in the country”	Union Minister Amit Shah	No FIR
16	Assam (Kalita, 2024)	Assam	March 23, 2024	Not Specified	Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma referring to the alleged Bangladesh-origin Bengali-speaking Muslims of the state, called “miya” said, “To be called indigenous, they should stop having more than two children and practising polygamy as it is not the culture of Assamese people.”	Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
17	West Bengal (Kumari & Bhattacharya, 2024)	24 North Paragona	Feb 20, 2024	Sandeshkhali	An FIR has been registered against unnamed “BJP leaders” for allegedly using Khalistani slur against an IPS officer, a turbaned Sikh, during a protest in the Sandeshkhali area of West Bengal’s North 24 Parganas district	BJP Leader	FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
18	Uttar Pradesh (Pathak, 2024)	Ajmer	April 6, 2024	Not Specified	On April 6 a day after Congress released its manifesto, Modi said in Ajmer, "Yesterday, the Congress party issued a bundle of lies. This is going to expose the truth of the Congress. Aap dekhiye, har panne par Bharat ke tukde karne ki boo aa rahi hai. Congress ke ghoshana patra main wahi soch jhalki hai j soch azadi ke samay Muslim lLeague mein thi. Muslim League ke uss samay ke vicharon ko Congress aaj Bahat par thopna chahti hai (Every page reeks of breaking India into pieces. The Congress manifesto reflects the same thinking prevalent in Muslim League at time of Independence. Congress wants to impose those ideas on India today).	PM Modi	No FIR
19	Uttar Pradesh (Sharma, 2024)	Kairana	April 12, 2024	Not Specified	Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath referring to Islamic seminary Darul Uloom Deoband, said, “Pehle har baat per fatwa zari hota tha. Corona vaccine lagvani hai ya nahi, ye bhi fatwa taya karta tha. Humne sare mike hi utarwa diye. Na rahega baans, na bajegi bansuri”. (Earlier, fatwas used to be issued on nearly everything. Whether or not one should take the corona vaccine was decided through fatwas. We removed all the loudspeakers (from mosques) and got rid of the problem)	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
20	Uttar Pradesh (Sharma, 2024)	Saharanpur	April 12, 2024	Not Specified	Referring to the Islamic seminary Darul Uloom Deoband,Yogi Adityanath said, “Pehle har baat per fatwa zari hota tha. Corona vaccine lagvani hai ya nahi, ye bhi fatwa taya karta tha. Humne sare mike hi utarwa diye. Na rahega baans, na bajegi bansuri. (Earlier, fatwas used to be issued on nearly everything.	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
21	Maharashtra (Akhef, 2024)	Nanded	April 20, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said that after Amethi, Congress's "Shahzada" will have to run away from Wayanad too. He added,"Nakli(fake) Shiv Sena" hardly cared for Sadhus killed in Palghar, and Congress's priority was (to decorate) Yakub Menon's grave”.	Narendra Modi	No FIR
22	Rajasthan (TOI, 2024)	Banswara	April 20, 2024	Jalore	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, "Earlier, when their (Congress) government was in power, they had said that Muslims have the first right on the country's assets. This means to whom will this property be distributed? It will be distributed among those who have more children. It will be distributed to the infiltrators. Should your hard-earned money go to the infiltrators? Do you approve of this?”	Narendra Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
23	Rajasthan (Khan, 2025)	Jaipur	Apr 23, 2024	Tonk-Sawai Madhopu	PM Modi said, “Jab humey mauka mila, toh humne jo pehla kaam kiya, unhone joh SC-ST se chheen karke Muslims ka quota nikala tha, usko humne khatam kar diya” (The first thing we did after being elected was to scrap reservation for minorities that Cong had snatched from SC-ST).” Modi added, “When the Constitution was being drafted, there was considerable opposition to reservation on the basis of religion. But Manmohan Singh gave a speech— I was present there as Gujarat CM — in which he said Muslims have the first right to the country’s wealth. This wasn’t a coincidence. Congress has always had an appeasement mentality,” Modi said. Repeating his statements on Congress eyeing “streedhan” and “mangalsutra” of “mothers and sisters”, Modi referred to Rahul Gandhi’s statements likening caste census to X-Rays and said the opposition party was talking about X-raying people’s properties and redistributing them.	Narendra Modi	No FIR
24	Jammu and Kashmir (ABP News Bureau, 2024)	Jammu	April 25, 2024	Not Specified	Union Minister Giriraj Singh said, "Congress is scaring people by saying that when their government comes to power, then they will take away the women's property and even 'Mangalsutra.”	Giriraj Singh	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
25	Chhattisgarh (Express News Service, 2024)	Bemetara	April 26, 2024	Not Specified	Amit Shah said: “They (Congress) have said they will make a separate law for minorities. Tell me, should the country function on the basis of Sharia? Should triple talaq be reintroduced?” “Rahul baba (Congress leader Rahul Gandhi), neither the people will elect you, nor will triple talaq be reintroduced. We will not allow anyone to touch CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act), triple talaq and (abrogation of) Article 370.”	Amit Shah	No FIR
26	Madhya Pradesh (Malpuni, 2024)	Guna	April 26, 2024	Not Specified	Union Minister Amit Shah said, “Read the Congress manifesto carefully. They have said that we will re-implement the Muslim personal law and triple talaq. You tell me, can this country be run by Sharia [law]? Rahul [Gandhi] baba, do whatever you want to do for appeasement. But as long as the BJP is there, we will not allow [Muslim] personal law to be implemented. This country will be run by UCC, this is the spirit of our Constitution”.	Amit Shah	No FIR
27	Madhya Pradesh (Malpuni, 2024)	Rajgarh	April 26, 2024	Not Specified	Union Minister Amit Shah said, “Read the Congress manifesto carefully. They have said that we will re-implement the Muslim personal law and triple talaq. You tell me, can this country be run by Sharia [law]? Rahul [Gandhi] baba, do whatever you want to do for appeasement. But as long as the BJP is there, we will not allow [Muslim] personal law to be implemented. This country will be run by UCC, this is the spirit of our Constitution”.	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
28	Bihar (TNN, 2024)	Araria	April 26, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said, “Today, another old video of Manmohan Singh has surfaced where he is again saying that Muslims have the first right to the country's resources. I urge the media to make people aware of this video and debate it. The country also needs to know the mindset of those who ran the coalition government for 10 years.”	PM Modi	No FIR
29	Interview with TOI (TNN, 2024)	Interview	April 2024	Interview with TOI	PM Modi in an interview said, "It is clear that separate laws for communities are detrimental to the health of society. We cannot be a nation where one community is progressing with the support of the Constitution while the other community is stuck in a time warp due to appeasement. We will do everything in our capacity to make UCC a reality in India. Our Constitution protects the property of all minorities. This means that when Congress talks of redistribution, it cannot touch the properties of minorities, it cannot consider Waqf properties for distribution, but it will eye the properties of other communities”.	Narendra Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
30	Uttar Pradesh (Pathak, 2024)	Sambhal	April 26, 2024	Not Specified	Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath said that the Congress manifesto promises to give Muslims a free hand in cow slaughter. He said,"Inn besharmon ko dekho, ye kaise Bharat ki aastha ke sath khilwad kar rahein hain. Jis gai ko hum mata  kehte hain aur puja karte hain, usey ye kasaiyon ko denge katne ke liye. Kya Hindustan isey sweekar karega?	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
31	Karnataka (HT News Desk, 2024)	Belagavi	Apr 28, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, "Shehzada of Congress says that the kings of India were atrocious. They snatched the assets of the poor as per their wishes. The Shehzada of Congress has insulted great personalities like Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Rani Chinamma, whose good governance and patriotism still motivate us. Does the Shehzada not know the contribution of the Mysuru Royal family, whom we all are proud of?"	Narendra Modi	No FIR
32	Karnataka (TNN, 2024)	Not Specified	April, 2024	Not Specified	Uttar Pradesh CM Yogi Adityanath said the alleged snatching of reservations from OBCs and giving it to Muslims it was very unfortunate and an attempt at "Islamisation of India".	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
33	Maharashtra (Lalchandani, 2024)	Wardha	April, 2024	Not Specified	Yogi Adityanath claimed that that the incident in Palghar, Maharashtra, where three people, including two seers were beaten to death on suspicion of kidnapping, would have never happened in UP because the culprits would be aware “ki hum unko ulta taang denge” (we will hang them upside down).	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
34	Uttar Pradesh (Lalchandani, 2024)	Kathua	April, 2024	Udhampur	Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said that UP became the first state to remove loudspeakers from religious places.	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
35	Maharashtra (Patil, Maad , & Shetye, 2024)	Kolhapur	Apr 27, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said "Ahad (From) Tanjavar, Tahad (To) Peshawar' is our land, was Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's slogan for achieving the goal of Hindavi Swarajya. Will you (Kolhapur residents) support the agenda of Congress to divide the country? The Congress Shehzada will bring an inheritance tax through which 50 percent of the wealth you earn will be recovered. Your wealth will be distributed to those whom they had once said have the first right over India's wealth"	Narendra Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
36	Uttar Pradesh (Sahu, 2025)	Farrukhabad	April 29, 2024	Not Specified	Maria Alam Khan, a Samajwadi Party leader said, “Apni haisiyat aur apni aukat insaan ko sabse pehley samajhna chahiye. (Kyon) ki hum sirf ab jitaney aur haraney key rehgaye. Agar ab bhi hum ek nahi hue to yeh samajh lena yahan sey hamara namon naksh mitaney key liye yeh Sanghi sarkar jo koshish kar rahi hai usko tum kamyab karney ka kaam karogey. Uskey mansubo ko kamyab karney ka kaam karogey. Isliye bahut akalmandi ke saath bahut jaldbaazi main na hokey bahut khamoshi key saath ek saath hokey vote ka jihad karo. Kyonki hum sirf voton ka jihad kar saktey hai aur is Sanghi sarkar ko haraney ka kaam kar saktey hai (First, one must understand their position because we are only left with helping in a victory or a defeat. If we don’t unite now, our identity will be erased, which the Sanghi (BJP) government is attempting to do. You will end up help them win. Now only do jihad through votes and working towards defeating this Sanghi government). “I felt ashamed to hear that some Muslims organised a meeting here for Mukesh Rajput (BJP’s). I feel the society should boycott them. Don’t become so selfish and play with lives of our children”	Maria Alam Khan	FIR

 

 

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
37	Maharashtra (The Times of India, 2024)	Mumbai	April 29, 2024	Mankhurd	Taking stringent action against illegal Bangladeshi and Rohingya immigrants is imperative to safeguard the women in our city, said BJP MP Mangal Prabhat Lodha. He added that due to increasing Bangladeshi and Rohingya infiltrations, unauthorised construction on govt land has surged. He pushed for demolition of such buildings and launching a special search operation to nab illegal immigrants.	Mangal Prabhat Lodha	No FIR
38	Gujarat (TNN, 2024)	Ahmedabad	May 1, 2024	Sabarkantha	PM Modi said, “Till Modi is alive, no one will be allowed to indulge in the dirty game of giving out quotas based on religion.”	PM Modi	No FIR
39	Maharashtra (TOI, 2024)	Solapur	May 1, 2024	Not Specified	Yogi Adityanath said, “During its rule, instead of building the Ram temple, Congress questioned the existence of Ram. It has only insulted the faith of Hindus, and that party has no remorse for it.”	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
40	Gujarat (The Hindu Bureau, 2024)	Banaskantha	May 01, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi asked the Opposition Congress to give in writing to the people of the country that it would not introduce religion-based reservations. He said to voters, “if you have two buffaloes, the Congress will take away one if voted to power”.	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
41	Gujarat (TOI, 2024)	Surendranagar	May 2, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said, “Congress chief Kharge has made a very dangerous statement with malafide intentions. They (Congress) aim to create differences among devotees of Ram and Shiva so that they fight with each other. Even the Mughals could not break our traditions dating back thousands of years, but     now Congress wants to break it?” Modi reiterated that the Congress manifesto smacked of “Muslim League’s declarations”, carrying forward its intent to grant reservation based on religion to Muslims for three decades. “Congress betrayed the Constitution...Its manifesto proposes a separate quota for minorities, especially Muslims, in the allocation of all govt tenders. Govt contracts are not awarded based on caste or religion. But Congress wants to do that for its vote bank. Govt buys arms and ammunition for our Army from private players. So, are we going to give contracts to people from a specific religion or select qualified contractors?”	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
42	Gujarat (Raja, 2024)	Anand	May 2, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “Bharat mein Congress kamzor ho rahi hai, sukshmadarshi yantra lekar bhi Congress ko dhoondhna mushkil ho raha hai… Yahan Congress mar rahi hai, aur wahan Pakistan ro raha hai. Aapko pata chala hoga ki Congress ke liye Pakistani neta dua kar rahe hain. Shehzade ko pradhan mantri banane ke liye Pakistan utaavala hai… Aur hum toh jaante hi hain ki Congress Pakistan ka mureed hi hai. Pakistan aur Congress ki yeh partnership ab poori tarah expose ho gayi hai. Desh ke dushmano ko Bharat mein mazboot sarkar nahi chahiye, unko kamzor sarkar chahiye. Aisi kamzor sarkar, jo Mumbai 26/11 ka aatankee hamle ke samay thi… dossier bhejne wali… jaise 2014 se pehle desh me thi. Modi ki mazboot sarkar nahi jhukti hai, aur nahi rukti hai.”	PM Modi	No FIR
43	Gujarat (PTI, 2024)	Dahod	May 03, 2024	Not Specified	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) president J P Nadda said that the INDIA bloc members were supporting anti-national forces, and alleged that they were against Lord Ram. He also claimed that the Congress party was trying to change the Constitution to provide reservation to Muslims.	Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) president J P Nadda	NO FIR
44	Madhya Pradesh (TNN, 2024)	Khargone­­	May 7, 2024	Not Specified	PM Narendra Modi said, “Modi is asking for 400 seats so that Congress does not hand over the country’s vacant land and islands to other countries; it does not take away reservation given to SCs/STs/OBCs and give it to its vote bank, and does not declare all castes of its vote bank as OBCs overnight”.	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
45	Maharashtra (TNN, 2024)	Beed	May 7, 2024	Not Specified	PM Narendra Modi said, “One of their leaders who has quit Congress has exposed a big conspiracy. He has revealed the intention of Congress’s Shehzada (PM’s moniker for Rahul Gandhi in election rallies) to reverse Supreme Court’s decision on Ram Mandir as his father did in the Shah Bano case. Modi is asking for 400 seats so that Congress does not hand over the country’s vacant land and islands to other countries; it does not take away reservation given to SCs/STs/OBCs and give it to its vote bank, and does not declare all castes of its vote bank as OBCs overnight.”	PM Modi	No FIR
46	Maharashtra (TNN, 2024)	Ahmednagar	May 7, 2024	Not Specified	PM Narendra Modi said, “One of their leaders who has quit Congress has exposed a big conspiracy. He has revealed the intention of Congress’s Shehzada (PM’s moniker for Rahul Gandhi in election rallies) to reverse Supreme Court’s decision on Ram Mandir as his father did in the Shah Bano case. Modi is asking for 400 seats so that Congress does not hand over the country’s vacant land and islands to other countries; it does not take away reservation given to SCs/STs/OBCs and give it to its vote bank, and does not declare all castes of its vote bank as OBCs overnight.”	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
47	Madhya Pradesh   (TNN, 2024)	Khargone	May 7, 2024	Not Specified	PM Narendra Modi said, “One of their leaders who has quit Congress has exposed a big conspiracy. He has revealed the intention of Congress’s Shehzada (PM’s moniker for Rahul Gandhi in election rallies) to reverse Supreme Court’s decision on Ram Mandir as his father did in the Shah Bano case. Modi is asking for 400 seats so that Congress does not hand over the country’s vacant land and islands to other countries; it does not take away reservation given to SCs/STs/OBCs and give it to its vote bank, and does not declare all castes of its vote bank as OBCs overnight.”	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
48	Uttar Pradesh (The Hindu, 2024)	Lakhimpur Kheri	May 8, 2024	Not Specified	Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said, "The INDIA alliance parties are now claiming that the construction of the Ram temple was unnecessary. It's evident that a battle is going on between Ram Bhakts committed to the country's progress and development of the underprivileged, and 'Ramdrohis' who aim to jeopardize the nation's security, disparage India on global stages”	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
49	Telangana (TOI, 2025)	Telangana	May 8, 2024	Hyderabad	Navneet Kaur Rana said, "Akbaruddin said remove police for 15 minutes, so that they can show what they can do... I want to tell him, it might take you 15 minutes but it will take us only 15 seconds.” She added, “Pakistan shows love for AIMIM and Rahul Gandhi. Congress ruled this country on the directions of Pakistan."	Navneet Kaur Rana	FIR
50	Telangana (Janyala, 2024)	Bhongir	May 9, 2024	Not Specified	Union Home Minister Amit Shah said, “2024 ka jo chunav hai, yeh ‘Rahul Gandhi versus Narendra Modi’ ka chunav hai. Yeh chunav ‘vote for jihad’ ke against ‘vote for vikas’ ka chunav hai. (The 2024 election is a Rahul Gandhi versus Narendra Modi election. It is an election that pits ‘vote for jihad’ against ‘vote for vikas’).”	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
51	Telangana (Indian Express, 2024)	Telangana	May 10, 2024	Hyderabad	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “This is the track record of Modi. What is the track record of Congress? It is loot, appeasement, dynasty first, softness on terrorists,” he said. Recalling that bomb blasts used to take place in the country 10 years ago, he said such terror attacks don’t take place now. He also recollected the bomb blast at Dilsukhnagar in Hyderabad in 2013. The bomb blasts stopped with the formation of a strong government in Delhi, he said. “But, Congress and INDI alliance do not like this. Some forces want to remove Modi for the bloodshed to start again in the country,” he alleged. Targeting the Congress on reservations, Modi termed the national party as “anti-Hindu” and said it knows religion-based reservations are unconstitutional. “Congress wants to make Hindus second-class citizens in their own country,” he claimed.	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
52	Telangana (Indian Express, 2024)	Telangana	May 10, 2024	Mahabubnagar	Prime Minister Narendra said, “This is the track record of Modi. What is the track record of Congress? It is loot, appeasement, dynasty first, softness on terrorists”. Recalling that bomb blasts used to take place in the country 10 years ago, he said such terror attacks don’t take place now. He also recollected the bomb blast at Dilsukhnagar in Hyderabad in 2013. The bomb blasts stopped with the formation of a strong government in Delhi, he said. “But, Congress and INDI alliance do not like this. Some forces want to remove Modi for the bloodshed to start again in the country,” he alleged. Targeting the Congress on reservations, Modi termed the national party as “anti-Hindu” and said it knows religion-based reservations are unconstitutional. “Congress wants to make Hindus second-class citizens in their own country,” he claimed.	PM Modi	No FIR
53	Maharashtra (Marpakwar, 2024)	Mumbai	May 10, 2024	Parel	BJP leader Ashish Shelar said that Shiv Sena (UBT) chief Uddhav Thackeray was “vote jihad’s aaka” (master) and alleged that the INDIA bloc had started a “vote jihad.”	Ashish Shelar	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
54	Bihar (PTI, 2024)	Begusarai	May 11, 2024	Not Specified	Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma said the NDA needs to win more than 400 seats in the LS polls to implement UCC in the country and to construct a grand temple at the Krishna Janmasthan in Mathura. He added, “Congress leader Rahul Gandhi and RJD supremo, Lalu Prasad, did not attend Pran Pratishtha of the Ram Lalla at Ayodhya. Let me make it very clear that neither Rahul nor Lalu will ever be able to visit Ram temple in Ayodhya”. He accused the Congress of giving religion-based reservation. “They (INDIA bloc leaders) are indulging in politics of appeasement and raise issues that support Pakistan”	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
55	Uttar Pradesh (TOI, 2024)	Rae Bareli	May 12, 2024,	Not Specified	Union Home Minister Amit Shah referring to Congress leader Sonia said, “You have been voting for so many years, have you received anything from the MP fund? He has spent all the money. If you have not received it, then where did it go? This (MP fund) went to their vote bank. Sonia Gandhi has spent more than 70% of the MP funds on minorities"	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
56	Jharkhand (Mukesh, 2024)	Ranchi	May 14, 2024	Not Specified	Assam chief minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said infiltration in the country is now more than a political debate and urged people to “break limbs of infiltrators”. “Forget whether tackling infiltration is the job of the state or the Centre. Consider it your job. Jo bhi jahan bhi koi ghuspaithiye dikhe, pakad ke haat paair tod do (break the limbs of infiltrators wherever you spot them.”	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
57	Maharashtra (PTI, 2024)	Nashik	May 15 2024	Pimpalgaon	The PM said Ambedkar was against religion-based quota, but the Congress wants to take away reservation rights of SCs/STs/OBCs and give them to Muslims.	PM Modi	No FIR
58	Bihar (Pandey, 2024)	Patna	May 16 2024	Not Specified	Home minister Amit Shah said that if voted to a third consecutive term in office, NDA would ban cow slaughter and "straighten" offenders, including those involved in cow smuggling, "by hanging them upside down". "Na gai ki taskari hone denge, na hatya (Won't allow smuggling of cows, nor slaughter).” Accusing Congress and RJD chief Lalu Prasad of not doing anything for Sitamarhi's Punaura Dham, revered as birthplace of Sita, he said BJP would build a grand temple there. He said Congress and RJD were too busy protecting banned outfits like PFI, which "wanted to make Bharat an Islamic state.”	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
59	Uttar Pradesh (Indian Express, 2024)	Barabanki	May 17, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that the Congress and Samajwadi Party will run a bulldozer over the Ram temple if elected to power, and asked them to take “tuition” from Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath “where to run bulldozers”	PM Modi	No FIR
60	Uttar Pradesh (Indian Express, 2024)	Mohanlalganj	May 17, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that the Congress and Samajwadi Party will run a bulldozer over the Ram temple if elected to power, and asked them to take “tuition” from Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath “where to run bulldozers”.	PM Modi	No FIR
61	Maharashtra (TOI, 2024)	Nashik	May 18, 2024	Malegaon	Uttar Pradesh chief minister Yogi Adityanath said, "Inheritance tax is like jizya imposed by Aurangzeb.   Aurangzeb's soul has crept into Congress”.  The CM also spoke on the Ram temple construction in Ayodhya, stating that it represents the sentiments of 140 crore Indians. He asserted that Lord Ram will prevent the opposition bloc from coming to power and potentially destroying the temple.	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
62	Bihar (PTI, 2024)	West Champaran	May 19, 2024	Bettiah	Union Home Minister Amit Shah said, "Congress and RJD were against the construction of the Ram temple in Ayodhya from the very beginning. Invitations for the ceremony were sent to them, but they did not come because of their 'Ghushpathiye' vote bank."	Amit Shah	No FIR
63	Bihar (Singh S. , 2025)	Raghunathpur	May 19, 2024	Siwan	Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said, “Give Modi 400 seats, Uniform Civil Code will come and we will shut this business of marrying four times (chaar shaadi karne ka dukaan)… Just like we ended Article 370, we will end the system of four marriages (khalaas kar dunga). The country has changed… When I became the Chief Minister for the first time in Assam three years ago, an official came to me with a file asking for my signature. It was about madrasa teachers’ salaries. I asked, what is this madrasa? The one where mullas are made (jo mulla banaata hai)? I said, our money, you will give to the shop that produces mullas, how can this be? Shut this shop from today… Today, in Assam, we have shut 700 madrasas, but no one dares raise their voice. Because this new India. It's not Lalu prasad's India, this is Modi's India, it is our India, it is Hindus' India. and whoever clashes with this new India, they will reach the home of Yamraj. We will no longer let shops that make mulllas run. We will work on making doctors, engineers. Modiji needs 400 seats. we need to bring UCC, we need to make Krishna Janmabhoomi, we need to make Gyanwapi temple, we need to end reservation to Muslims.  Infiltration from Bangladesh started in Assam 40 years ago. At that time, the Congress was in power. They could not figure out what would happen 40 years later. Now in Assam, the infiltrators' volume is 1.25 crore. This has become a very big problem and Assamese people have lost their identity. That's why I am coming to Jharkhand and saying, don't make mistakes like us...You don't let Rohingyas come in... Bengal and Assam made mistakes. At that time, we didn't have Narendra Modi. Now Modiji is with Jharkhand.”	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
64	Maharashtra (Gupta P. , 2024)	Thane	May 19, 2024	Bhiwandi	Deputy chief minister of Maharashtra Devendra Fadnavis said, "I want to tell voters that Uddhav Thackeray, Congress and INDIA are saying they will wage a 'vote jihad' to defeat Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In response to their 'vote jihad', I would request all patriots to come together to give them a fitting answer by performing a 'yagna of votes' to bring PM Modi back to power and strengthen the nation.”	Devendra Fadnavis	No FIR
65	West Bengal (Singh S. S., 2025)	Medinipur	May 19, 2024	West Bengal	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “The Trinamool Congress, which has intimidated and thrashed the people of Bengal during elections, has crossed all limits this time. Today, in the country and the world, ISCON, Ramakrishna Mission, and Bharat Sevashram Sangh are known for service and morality, but the Chief Minister of Bengal is openly threatening them on an open platform"	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
66	West Bengal (TOI, 2021)	Jhargram	May 20, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said, "Today, I came across a 11-12-year-old video of shehzade of Congress declaring support for reservations for Muslims. We had the then PM repeatedly saying that Muslims had the first claim on the country's resources and, on the other, we had the shehzada, who remote-controlled the govt, aggressively asserting that Congress would give reservations to Muslims. This has exposed the real character of Congress".	PM Modi	No FIR
67	Uttar Pradesh ( Shah & Bano, 2024)	Shravasti	May 22, 2024	Not Specified	PM Narendra Modi said, "This (terrorists dining at the PM's house) is a distinct possibility because the opposition plans to roll back CAA and restore Article 370 in J&K"	PM Modi	No FIR
68	Delhi (Singh A. , 2024)	West Delhi	May 22, 2024	Dwarka	PM Modi said, "Kolkata HC has struck a big slap in the face of the INDI alliance. It (court) took action as West Bengal govt, in an arbitrary manner, had distributed OBC status to the Muslim community for their votes. Ye tushtikaran ki sanak hadd paar kar rahi hai (Politics of appeasement has crossed all limits of madness). Today the court has slapped them in a big way. Friends, these Khan Market gang members are an equal stakeholder in this sin... These are the people who say that the Muslim community has the first right on country's resources. These are the people who have allotted govt lands to the Waqf Board and seek votes in its favour.” The PM said the same group of the people had advocated 15% of the budget be reserved for the Muslim community and have also suggested that the community should be given preference in disbursement of loans and allocation of tenders for govt contracts.	PM Modi	No FIR
Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
69	Uttar Pradesh (Shah, Saving OBC, SC/ST quota is Modi's guarantee: Amit Shah, 2024)	Siddharthnagar	May 23, 2024	Not Specified	Amit Shah said, "No one would be able to rob the reservation granted to OBCs, SC/STs and give it to Muslims once BJP returns to office and Narendra Modi becomes the PM for the third consecutive time. The opposition led by Congress has kept its eyes shut for the sake of communal appeasement and vote bank politics. We would end Muslim reservation wherever it is given"	Amit Shah	No FIR
70	Punjab (The Hindu Bureau, 2024)	Not Specified	May 24,204	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi accused the Congress and its INDIA bloc partners of dividing the country into three nations, including two Muslim ones, in order to appease their “vote bank”, and saying that Muslims have the first right on India. He also said the alliance wants to snatch the reservation guaranteed by the Constitution to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes and give it to those who do “vote jihad”.	PM Modi	No FIR
71	Himachal Pradesh (TNN, 2024)	Mandi	May 24, 2024	Not Specified	The PM said that a conspiracy had been hatched to snatch reservations from SCs, STs and OBCs and distribute these among Muslims, just as Congress had already done in Karnataka.	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
72	Bihar (Kumar, 2024)	Bhojpur	May 24, 2024	Ara	Union home minister Amit Shah urged the voters, "Make us cross 400 LS seats and we will abolish the Muslim quota and give reservation back to the OBCs and extremely backward classes. Congress, Lalu-ji and Mamata Banerjee want to give reservation on the basis of religion. But the Calcutta HC has invalidated the list of OBCs prepared by the Mamata Banerjee govt in which she had carved out many categories of Muslims to give them reservation.”	Amit Shah	No FIR
73	Haryana (The Hindu Bureau, 2024)	Not Specified	May 24,204	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi accused the Congress and its INDIA bloc partners of dividing the country into three nations, including two Muslim ones, in order to appease their “vote bank”, and saying that Muslims have the first right on India. He also said the alliance wants to snatch the reservation guaranteed by the Constitution to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes and give it to those who do “vote jihad”.	PM Modi	No FIR
74	Bihar (Tewary, 2024)	Patliputra	May 25, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said, “Our Constitution says no reservation can be given on the basis of religion but this INDI alliance people have snatched the SC/ST/ OBC reservation and gave it to their vote bank who do vote jihad. In West Bengal, 77 Muslim castes were given benefits of OBC reservation in government jobs. Rights of OBC/EBC families were snatched for those practising vote jihad. If the INDI bloc wants to accept the servitude of their vote bank, they’re free to do so…if they want to perform mujra (traditional Indian musical dance), they’re free to do so.”	PM Modi	No FIR

75	Utar Pradesh (Shah & Shalabh, 2024)	Ghoshi	May 26, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “Today, I have come to alert the people of Purvanchal and Ghosi about the big conspiracy of INDIA bloc.” Citing the opposition alliance’s three “big conspiracies”, he said, “First, they will change the Constitution so that reservation can be given based on religion. Second, they will end reservations for SCs, STs and OBCs. Third, they will distribute the entire reservation basket among Muslims.”	PM Modi	No FIR
76	Uttar Pradesh (The New Indian Express, 2024)	Gorakhpur	May 26, 2024	Bansgaon	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, "In Pakistan, 'duas' (prayers) are being made for the INDI alliance of Samajwadi Party and Congress. Jihadis across the border are supporting them. The SP and the Congress are making an appeal for 'vote jihad' here. This (INDIA bloc) group is saying that if they come to power, they will reimpose Article 370 in Kashmir. They will repeal the CAA (Citizenship (Amendment) Act) which gives citizenship again to the victims of Partition.”	PM Modi	No FIR
77	Uttar Pradesh (The New Indian Express, 2024)	Gorakhpur	May 26, 2024	Deoria	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, "In Pakistan, 'duas' (prayers) are being made for the INDI alliance of Samajwadi Party and Congress. Jihadis across the border are supporting them. The SP and the Congress are making an appeal for 'vote jihad' here. This (INDIA bloc) group is saying that if they come to power, they will reimpose Article 370 in Kashmir. They will repeal the CAA (Citizenship (Amendment) Act) which gives citizenship again to the victims of Partition.”	PM Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
78	Jharkhand (Scroll Staff, 2024)	Godda	May 28, 2024	Karaun	BJP MP Nishikant Dubey has said that the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Christian missionaries should work in tandem to “save tribals from love and land jihad from Bangladeshi infiltrators”. He said, “The Adivasi population has decreased by 11% across the state – the most in Santhal Parganas – while the Bangladeshi Muslim population has seen a rise as the family of Alamgir Alam.”	BJP MP Nishikant Dubey	No FIR
79	West Bengal (The Hindu, 2024)	North 24 Parganas district	May 28, 2024	Barasat	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “The court has exposed the treachery of the Trinamool Congress with the OBCs. The party snatched the rights of OBC youths to support its appeasement politics and ‘vote jihad’. The TMC has betrayed the OBCs of West Bengal”	PM Modi	No FIR
80	Uttar Pradesh (TOI, 2024)	Ballia	May 29, 2024	Not Specified	Home minister Amit Shah said, "Power was supplied selectively to eastern Uttar Pradesh districts to appease the minority during the Samajwadi Party govt. Power supply was uninterrupted during Ramzan. but not on Janmashtami. Chief minister Yogi Adityanath is ensuring electricity for 18 hours in Uttar Pradesh." He said that the ongoing election was between those who killed Ram bhakts and those who won the Ram Janmabhoomi case and inaugurated the temple.	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
81	Interview with Indian Express (Mathew, 2024)	NA	May 29, 2024	Interview with Indian Express	Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said, “If you continue to have Shahi Eidgah there in Mathura, the Hindus who visit there will naturally get angry… let them shift Shahi Eidgah to a different location. When it happens, next time when a Hindu visits Mathura, he will come back with gratitude to the Muslim community.” “Now with (Prime Minister Narendra) Modiji constructing the Kashi corridor, everyone goes there. Whoever goes to Kashi sees Gyanvapi mosque. They ask questions and they come back angry. If the masjid can be relocated, not by force but with mutual consultations, the situation will be different. So the so-called secular intellectuals, by criticising Hindus, cannot contain Islamophobia in India.” Sarma added, “Islamophobia is real for many of us. Because there are sections of Muslims in our country who hate the majority community. If you see my election speeches in Assam, I have not mentioned the Muslim word at all and I have campaigned intensely in Muslim-dominated areas. I have transformed a large section of Muslim community from being Hindu haters to those who can coexist with Hindus. Transformation has happened in many places in Assam, so the incidents of love jihad have come down, incidents of land grabbing have come down.”	Himanta Biswa Sharma	No FIR

 

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
82	Uttar Pradesh (The Hindu, 2025)	Lucknow	Jun 3, 2024	Not Specified	Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party (SBSP) president Om Prakash Rajbhar said, “These people (Opposition parties) robbed the rights of poor, Dalits, backward and marginalised people. They take votes from the Muslims by poisoning their minds and filling them with hatred. Muslims should become wise. Whatever did not happen during the Congress government’s time, has happened under the BJP government. Fifty-one Muslim children have passed the Union Public Service Commission examination and this has happened for the first time in the country”	Om Prakash Rajbhar	Not specified
83	West Bengal (Khanna, 2024)	Kolkata	July 17, 2024	Not Specified	BJP MLA and Bengal LoP Suvendu Adhikari referring to Muslims said, “I would say 'jo hamare saath, hum unke saath (We will be with those who are with us)'. I used to speak about nationalist Muslims earlier, but I won't anymore”.	BJP MLA and Bengal LoP Suvendu Adhikari	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
84	Assam (Kalita P. , 2024)	Guwahati	July 19, 2024	Not Specified	Assam chief minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said Assam will become a Muslim-majority state by 2041 and that “no one can stop this.” “Census trend shows that the Muslim population in Assam is growing around 30% every 10 years. Going by this, they will become the majority by 2041. In every 10 years, the Muslim population is increasing”. He added that the population of the Hindus, on the other hand, is rising by around 16% every 10 years.	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
85	Maharashtra (abplive, 2024)	Pune	Jul 21, 2024	Not Specified	Amit Shah referring to Uddhav Thackerey said, "Aurangzeb Fan Club’ cannot ensure India’s safety. Who is the Aurangzeb fan club? The MVA. Uddhav Thackeray is the leader of this Aurangzeb Fan Club. He is sitting with those who serve biryani to (26/11 terror attack convict) Kasab, those who seek pardon for Yakub Memon. He is sitting on the lap of those who give (controversial Islamic preacher) Zakir Naik a messenger of peace award and those who support the (banned Islamist outfit) PFI... Uddhav Thackeray should be ashamed of sitting with these people”.	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
86	Maharashtra (Sah, 2024)	Nashik	Aug, 2024	Shah Panchale village in Sinnar	Ramgiri Maharaj, head of the Sadguru Gangagiri Maharaj Sansthan, a religious group in Shrirampur made inflammatory remarks against Prophet Mohammad and Islam.	Ramgiri Maharaj	76 FIR across Maharashtra alone and more FIRs in other states. But no arrest
87	Uttar Pradesh (Seth, 2024)	Ayodhya	Aug 7, 2024	Not Specified	Yogi Adityanath said, “Aaj Bharat ke tamam padosi jal rahe hain. Mandir tore ja rahe hain. Chun chun ke Hinduon ko nishana banaya ja raha hai (Today, India’s neighbouring countries are burning. Temples are being demolished. Hindus are being selectively targeted,” Adityanath said, adding, “Still, we are not trying to find out the historical facts as to why such an unfortunate situation has arisen.” Sanatan Dharma par aane wale sankat ke liye phir se ek jut ke karya karne awashyakta hai"	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
88	Assam (Baruah , 2024)	Guwahati	Aug 9, 2024	Not Specified	Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma referring to a private university located in the outskirts of Guwahati has claimed that the university, owned by a Bengali-origin Muslim, is waging “flood jihad”. He said "I think that the USMT owner has started a jihad. We talked about land jihad, he started a flood jihad against Assam. Otherwise, no one can cut hills in such a ruthless way”.	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
89	Assam (TOI, 2024)	Guwahati	Aug 15, 2024	Not Specified	Assam chief minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has said the state’s future is not secure in the face of rapidly changing demographic landscape, which has disturbed the population balance between Hindus and Muslims, leaving the indigenous people feeling threatened in “12 to 13 districts” where they have become a minority. “For us, the future of Assam is not secure. The Muslim population has increased to 41% while the Hindus were down to 57%. Christians and other communities comprise the rest.”	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
90	West Bengal (TOI, 2024)	Bankura	Aug 21, 2024	Onda	A BJP MLA Amarnath Shakha has "fixed" Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee's "rate at Rs 25 lakh" and asked her to take the money and get out of Bengal "with a molla (Muslim)".	Amarnath Shakha, BJP MLA	No FIR
91	Assam	Nagaon	Aug, 2024	Dhing	CM Himanta Biswa Sarma termed the crime "an attack on indigenous Assamese people", alluding to the gang-rape being reported in an area with a sizeable Bangladesh-origin immigrant population. He mentioned that it was the "23rd such crime in two months" in pockets of the state predominantly inhabited by immigrants. "In lower, central Assam and Barak Valley districts, where indigenous people have become a numeric minority, they are living in constant fear.”	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
92	Maharashtra (Sonawane, 2024)	Ahmednagar	Sep 1, 2024	Tofkhana	“If you are concerned about your community, do not say a word about Maharaj”, Mr. Rane is heard as saying in the video about the Hindu religious leader Mahant Ramgiri Maharaj – who made inflammatory remarks against Prophet Muhammad and Islam.	Nitesh Rane	FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
93	Maharashtra (Sonawane, 2024)	Ahmednagar	Sep 1, 2024	Shrirampur	“If you are concerned about your community, do not say a word about Maharaj”, Mr. Rane is heard as saying in the video about the Hindu religious leader Mahant Ramgiri Maharaj – who made inflammatory remarks against Prophet Muhammad and Islam	Nitesh Rane	FIR
94	Assam (Das, 2024)	Not Specified	Sep 4, 2024	Not Specified	In response to the “Fish Blockade” imposed on ‘miyas’- Muslims derogatorily called in Assam, CM Sarma said, "I have told the people of upper Assam that it is good if they (Nagaon and Morigaon) do not send fish. Take this opportunity and grab the market, not through conflicts, but by producing fish are fit for health”.	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
95	Maharashtra (The Economics Times, 2024)	Thane	Sep 12, 2024	Navi Mumbai	BJP MLA Nitesh Rane on Thursday asked real estate brokers to take an oath that they would not deal with non-Hindus and to check Aadhaar cards before making any property deals. Rane was addressing a gathering as part of his visit to a Ganesh pandal puja.	Nitesh Rane	FIR
96	Maharashtra (Akhef, 2024)	Aurangabad	Sep 19, 2024	Sillod	BJP politician Raosaheb Danve referring to the Sillod-Soyegaon assembly constituency as Pakistan.	Raosaheb Danve	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
97	Uttar Pradesh (THe Economics Times, 2024)	Ghaziabad	Sep 29, 2024	Not Specified	Yati Narsinghanand, the chief priest of the Dasna temple in Ghaziabad, made derogatory statements about Prophet Muhammad during an event held at Hindi Bhavan in Ghaziabad on September 29.	Yati Narsinghanand	FIR , DETAINED
98	Maharashtra (Jeelani, 2024)	Kolhapur	Oct 1, 2024	Not Specified	Deputy chief minister of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis, "A decade ago, we used to think that love jihad talk was a one-off incident. We thought it was not a conspiracy. We have now observed that there have been more than one lakh complaints where Hindu women are lured into marriage by running away with men from different faiths”.	Devendra Fadnavis	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
99	Uttar Pradesh (Shukla, 2024)	Ghaziabad	Oct 4, 2024	Not Specified	''जो मंदिर पर हमला हुआ है वह सनातन धर्म पर हमला है। पुलिस ने रात में लाठी चार्ज का नाटक तो किया लेकिन रात में पुलिस को 10-20 लोगों को गोली मार कर ‘एनकाउंटर’ करना चाहिए था। यह हमला पूरे हिंदुत्व पर है। रात में 10-20 लोग मर जाते, तो इस तरह का बवाल करने वाले लोग नहीं I जब सर तन से जुदा के नारे लगते हैं तो क्या हिंदू समाज के लोग इस तरह से जाकर किसी मस्जिद पर पथराव करते हैं?' अपने विवादित बयानों के लिये चर्चा में रहने वाले भाजपा विधायक ने कहा, ''यह मंदिर- हिंदुओं की आस्था पर हमला है, इसलिए सब पर एनएसए (राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा कानून) लगाया जाए और जो गिरफ्तार ना हो तो इनाम घोषित कर उनका ‘एनकाउंटर’ हो।'' उन्होंने महंत यति नरसिंहानंद का बचाव करते हुए कहा, ''महाराज जी ने जो कहा वह विषय अलग है और अब किस तरह के हमले लगातार सनातन धर्म पर हो रहे हैं, बेटियों को मार दिया जा रहा है, बांग्लादेश में जो हालात हुए हैं, उससे स्वाभाविक है कि उनकी कोई बात आवेश में निकली हो।''	किशोर गुर्जर	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
100	Jharkhand (Yadav, 2024)	Jamshedpur	Oct 24, 2024	Not Specified	Himanta Biswa Sarma said, “Desh ke kone kone mein abhi bhi jo Babur base hain, ye logon ko laat maar maar kar nikaalne ka samay aa chuka hai (It’s high time that the Baburs that continue to reside in all the nooks and corners of this country are kicked out)”.	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR
101	Uttar Pradesh (Srivastava & Singh , 2024)	Mathura	Oct 26, 2024	Not Specified	CM Yogi Adityanath’s rallying cry for Hindu unity, signalling a growing emphasis within Sangh Parivar on consolidating the community ahead of crucial political contests. The slogan “batenge toh katenge” (if divided, we perish), first used by Yogi in the context of violence against Hindus in Bangladesh, has now been embraced by RSS functionaries and endorsed by PM Narendra Modi.	Dattatreya Hosabale	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
102	West Bengal (Gupta, 2024)	Kolkata	Oct 27, 2024	Salt Lake area	BJP leader Mithun Chakraborty during a BJP programme in Kolkata's Salt Lake area on October 27 said, "A leader says there are 70 per cent Muslims and 30 per cent Hindus (and) that he will 'cut' and throw them in the Bhagirathi... I thought the Chief Minister (Mamata Banerjee) would say something. She didn't... so now I am saying, we will chop them (up) and bury them in the ground. I am saying it again and again... we will do anything (to win the 2026 election) ... anything”	Mithun Chakraborty	FIR
103	Assam (Mazumdar, 2024)	Cachar	Nov 5, 2024	Barak valley	Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma said that BJP had solved the citizenship issue involving Bengali Hindus but the Congress was trying to revive it. So, who is the Congress working for? The Congress is working against Bengali Hindus,” Himanta Biswa Sarma alleged. “If we discuss this matter, notices (by the border police) will be issued to ten other households. They will then have to go to the “foreigners’ tribunals. Who will suffer?” Sarma asked. On Monday, AICC general secretary in-charge of Assam Jitendra Singh had slammed the BJP for fielding a Bangladeshi in the by-poll. He stated a local BJP leader, Amiya Kanti Das, himself had made public that Das is a Bangladeshi. The by-elections to Dholai and four other Assembly segments of the state will be held on November 13.	Himanta Biswa Sarma	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
104	Maharashtra (TOI, 2024)	Dhule	2024	Not Specified	The PM introduced a new rallying cry, "ek hain to safe hain" (together we are safe), a slogan designed to resonate with the Hindu electorate, emphasising unity as a defence against division. This was not merely about communal unity but was portrayed as a broader appeal for national cohesion under BJP's stewardship. The call seems to have resulted in silent consolidation of Hindu votes in favour of BJP and its allies.	PM Modi	No FIR
105	Jharkhand (etvbharat, 2024)	Garhwa	Nov 4, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said Bangladeshi intruders were being helped to settle down in the Jharkhand. "When Saraswati Vandana was banned in schools, then it became clear how big the danger was. Stone pelting was happening during festivals. If Maa Durga was stopped, then we come to know how dangerous the situation was.”	Narendra Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
106	Maharashtra (Kulshreshtha, 2024)	Dhule	Nov 8, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “Dividing castes and tribes is the biggest conspiracy against India. Rajiv Gandhi opposed OBC reservation. Now, they are dividing the castes within OBCs and various tribes in tribal communities. We need to maintain unity, so remember, “Ek hain toh safe hain.’”	Narendra Modi	No FIR
107	Maharashtra (The Economics Times, 2024)	Aurangabad	Nov 8, 2024	Not Specified	Vote Jihad should be countered by "Dharma-yuddha" of vote, Maharashtra deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis urged voters.  He added, "A vote Jihad has begun in the state now. We saw that in the Lok Sabha elections. In Dhule, we were ahead by 1.90 lakh votes but the Malegaon (assembly segment) had 1.94 lakh votes and we were defeated by only 4,000 votes. This vote Jihad was the reason for our defeat there because we were not together”.	Devendra Fadnavis	No FIR
108	Jharkhand (Bhelari, 2024)	Bokaro	Nov 10, 2024	Not Specified	PM Modi said Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) and the Congress wants to break the unity of our SC/ST and OBC society. He added that the coalition wants to snatch away the reservation given to them.	Narendra Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
109	Jharkhand (The Economics Times, 2024)	Gumla	Nov 10, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi referred to the Congress as 'shahi parivar' (royal family) and is hell bent on breaking the ST-SC-OBC unity to "snatch reservations under an evil design". He accused the JMM-led coalition of looting the state's rich resources such as minerals, forest, sand and coal, putting 'Roti-Beti-Mati' (bread, land and daughter) at grave threat. He also accused the ruling dispensation of fuelling illegal immigration.	Narendra Modi	No FIR
110	Maharashtra (Deshpande, 2024)	Not Specified	Nov 11, 2024	Not Specified	Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis called Asaduddin Owaisi, the Hyderabad MP a “descendant of Razakars”.	Devendra Fadnavis	No FIR
111	Maharashtra (Chakraborty, 2024)	Amravati	Nov 13, 2024	Not Specified	Yogi Adityanath said, “If Hindu votes split again, the community will once again face humiliation. A clear mandate for Mahayuti is essential to preserving Maharashtra’s legacy as a land of unity and pride for Hindus.” In Nagpur, Adityanath said, “Before 2014, Pakistan would launch terror attacks here. Today, this new India knows how to protect its borders and deal with terrorism, especially in Kashmir”.	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
112	Maharashtra (TOI, 2025)	Not Specified	Nov 13, 2024	Not Specified	Amit Shah said that even if "Indira Gandhi was to return from heaven," Article 370 won't be restored. Commenting on the Muslim quota, Shah said "A few days ago, people of Umela group met the President of Congress Party in Maharashtra and said that Muslims should be given reservation. If reservation has to be given to Muslims, then reservation for SC-ST-OBC will have to be cut. Oh Rahul Baba, not only you but even your four generations cannot cut the reservation for SC-ST-OBC and give it to Muslims.”	Amit Shah	No FIR
113	Jharkhand (Deogharia & Pandey, 2024)	Deoghar	Nov 14, 2024	Not Specified	Prime Minister Narendra Modi said “Congress is moving ahead with the dangerous plan of ending reservation so that those lakhs and lakhs of people who stand together on being called Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, or OBCs do not remain united,” noting that Congress had been wiped out from states in which the SC, ST, or OBC population is dominant.	Narendra Modi	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
114	Jharkhand (TOI, 2024)	Ranchi	Nov 14, 2024	Not Specified	Former Union minister and MP, Anurag Thakur, said the JMM-Congress-RJD govt have fostered “love jihad” and “land jihad”, thereby altering the demographic and land balance in Jharkhand. Thakur said the people of Jharkhand are voting for change this time around, as the state has seen more “jihad welfare” than public welfare, and only BJP stands committed to safeguarding Jharkhand’s interests. “Congress has stooped so low that under Rahul Gandhi’s influence, Jharkhand Congress in-charge Gulam Ahmed Mir has promised gas cylinders at Rs 450 to infiltrators”.	Anurag Thakur	No FIR
115	Jharkhand (etvbharat, 2024)	Dumka	Nov 15, 2024	Not Specified	Union Home Minister Amit Shah said, “Hemant Soren is responsible for declining tribal population as he is allowing infiltrators to enter Jharkhand and marry tribal women. They are snatching tribal land here, which will not be allowed.”	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
116	Maharashtra (Bende, 2024)	Pune	Nov 15, 2024	Not Specified	Devendra Fadnavis said, "I came here to awaken voters to unite against vote jihad. Every vote is important for our existence. If we do not wake up now, we will never be able to respond. Along with the assurance to ban RSS, MVA members accepted other demands, including release of Muslims arrested in riot cases registered in the state since 2012 and a 10% reservation to the community. It shows that they (MVA) have started licking the feet of ulemas and they got into vote jihad. They are using the same tactics they adopted during the Lok Sabha campaign. But this time, they will not be successful."	Devendra Fadnavis	No FIR
117	Maharashtra (Choudhari & Ali, 2024)	Yavatmal	Nov 15, 2024	Umarkhed	Union home minister Amit Shah said, "In Karnataka, an entire village received a notice from the Waqf board claiming ownership of land. Don't you all agree the Waqf Act should be amended? No matter how much Uddhavji and Sharad Pawar oppose it, Modiji will amend Waqf Act. Uddhav babu, on one hand you did not visit Ram temple in Ayodhya and on the other hand you agreed to give Rs 1,000 crore to build mosques. Chullu bhar paani mein doob maro, doob maro (you should die of shame). I want to say to Rahul Gandhi, Sharad Pawar and Uddhav, that no matter how hard you try, we won't allow reservations for Muslims in Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's Maharashtra."	Amit Shah	No FIR

Sr. No.	State	District	When (date)	Where	Hate Speech Given	By whom	Action Taken by State
118	Maharashtra (Anurag & Gayakwad , 2024)	Pune	Nov 17, 2024	Bhosari	UP CM Yogi Adityanath repeated "batenge to katenge". "Hum kate kyunki hum bate (We suffered setbacks because we were divided)," Yogi blaming the partition of India and the plight of Hindus on disunity and Congress.	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
119	Maharashtra (More , 2024)	Kolhapur	Nov 17, 2024	Not Specified	Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath raised the slogan ‘batenge toh katenge’. He urged voters to defeat the Opposition if they want to keep the country united.	Yogi Adityanath	No FIR
120	Uttar Pradesh (Choudhary, 2024)	Allahabad	Dec 10, 2024	Not Specified	Allahabad high court judge Shekhar Kumar Yadav, said the country would function as per the wishes of the "bahusankhyak (majority)" and expressed a term used to describe rigid clerics, which is considered pejorative by many.	Shekhar Kumar Yadav	SC took note & called report from HC
121	West Bengal (Dasgupta, 2024)	Kolkata	Dec 12, 2024	Not Specified	Kolkata Mayor said on video that Muslims can “become bigger majority than the majority”. In the video, the Mayor said that while the total population if Muslims in the country accounts for 17 percent, the same is 33 percent in West Bengal and are called minorities. “However, we don’t think of our community as a minority.	Mayor Firhad Hakim	No FIR

122

Maharashtra (NDTV, 2024)

Pune

Dec 30, 2024

Purandar

Nitesh Rane called Kerala a "mini Pakistan". He said that while Kerala is part of India, he compared it to Pakistan because of the incidents of "love jihad" and religious conversions that occur in the state. "Kerala is mini Pakistan that is why Rahul Gandhi and his sister are elected from there. All terrorists vote for them”

Nitesh Rane

No FIR

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TNN. (2024, April 26). NCBC calls Karnataka top babu on Muslim quota. Retrieved April 7, 2025, from The Times of India: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ncbc-calls-karnataka-top-babu-on-muslim-quota/articleshow/109603955.cms

TNN. (2024, May 2). No more dossiers to Pak on ultras, India kills them on their home turf: PM. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from The Times of India: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-election-news/till-modi-is-alive-none-can-bring-in-religion-based-quota-pm/articleshow/109763038.cms

TOI. (2021, May 21). Old Rahul video 'proves' Congress supports quota for Muslims, says PM Modi. Retrieved April 7, 2024, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/old-rahul-video-proves-congress-supports-quota-for-muslims-says-pm-modi/articleshow/110282476.cms

TOI. (2024, May 18). Aurangzeb's soul has crept into Congress: Yogi Adityanath. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aurangzebs-soul-has-crept-into-congress-yogi-adityanath/articleshow/110230111.cms

TOI. (2024, May 3). Call for ‘vote jihad’ insult to democracy, Constitution: PM Modi. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/call-for-vote-jihad-insult-to-democracy-constitution-pm-modi/articleshow/109796189.cms

TOI. (2024, May 3). Cong mantri tried to frame me in Malegaon case: Yogi. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/yogi-adityanath-accuses-congress-of-trying-to-frame-him-in-malegaon-case/articleshow/109799088.cms

TOI. (2024, April 22). Congress will give your wealth to those who have more children: PM Modi in Rajasthan. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-will-give-your-wealth-to-those-who-have-more-children-pm-modi-in-rajasthan/articleshow/109481173.cms

TOI. (2024, August 17). Demographic change threat to Assam’s future: CM on I-Day. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-cm-warns-of-demographic-change-threat-on-independence-day/articleshow/112579238.cms

TOI. (2024, May 8). Give BJP 400, ensure Congress can't put Babri lock on temple: PM Narendra Modi. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/give-bjp-400-ensure-congress-cant-put-babri-lock-on-temple-pm-modi/articleshow/109927854.cms

TOI. (2024, November 15). JMM-Congress’s ‘jihad welfare’ altering J’khand demography: Anurag Thakur. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/jmm-congresss-jihad-welfare-altering-jkhand-demography-anurag-thakur/articleshow/115312939.cms

TOI. (2024, November 24). Modi said ‘ek hain...’ & Maha said ‘safe hain’: Muslim polarisation ran into silent consolidation of Hindus. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/assembly-elections-modi-said-ek-hain-maharashtra-said-safe-hain-muslim-polarisation-ran-into-silent-consolidation-of-hindus/articleshow/115616179.cms

TOI. (2024, May 30). Samajwadi Party made Ramzan power cut-free but not Janmashtami: Amit Shah. Retrieved April 7, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/samajwadi-party-made-ramzan-power-cut-free-but-not-janmashtami-amit-shah/articleshow/110543629.cms

TOI. (2024, May 12). 'Sonia Gandhi spent more than 70% of MP funds on minorities': Amit Shah in Rae Bareli rally. Retrieved April 7, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sonia-gandhi-spent-more-than-70-of-mp-funds-on-minorities-amit-shah-in-rae-bareli-rally/articleshowprint/110056946.cms

TOI. (2024, August 24). Take Rs 25 lakh and get out of Bengal: BJP MLA to Didi. Retrieved April 7, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/take-rs-25-lakh-and-get-out-of-bengal-bjp-mla-to-didi/articleshow/112695381.cms

TOI. (2025, April 8). 'Even if Indira Gandhi returns from heaven ... ': What Amit Shah said on Article 370 and Muslim reservation. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/even-if-indira-gandhi-returns-from-heaven-what-amit-shah-said-on-article-370-and-muslim-reservation/articleshow/115249319.cms

TOI. (2025, May 10). Just 15 secs enough, Telangana BJP leader's swipe at Akbar; take 1 hr: Asaduddin Owaisi. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from TOI: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/just-15-secs-enough-bjp-leaders-swipe-at-akbar-take-1-hr-asaduddin-owaisi/articleshow/109994205.cms

Yadav, Y. (2024, October 29). Yogendra Yadav writes: It’s time to junk the Model Code of Conduct. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from The Indian Express: https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/yogendra-yadav-writes-its-time-to-junk-the-model-code-of-conduct-9643430/

 

 

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[1] According to Human Rights Watch, out of 173 campaign speeches made by PM Modi during the election campaigning before 2024 General Elections, 110 were speeches were Islamophobic. https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/08/14/india-hate-speech-fueled-modis-election-campaign

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