Ok Then Meme

[Magin Sriubas]

Itwas then I began to take a step back and make honest assessments on whether or not I was effectively communicating. I was not. Whether it was a particular safety issue, cautions about the legalization of marijuana, or the myriad of other topics that people discuss, there were times traditional methods were not having the desired effect.

Emails are a tremendous tool to get a detailed message to a large audience, but they rely on a person reading the text. Policy letters, often full of important intent and useful information, face the same challenge. I wanted to seek out another way to make it easy for people to digest a message. Enter the meme.

A meme is an idea, behavior or style that becomes a fad and is spread by means of imitation from person to person within a culture. It is often the carrier of symbolic meaning, representing a particular phenomenon.

However, by utilizing a variety of communication methods, both traditional and unconventional, I stand a greater chance to reach even the most remote individual. I encourage you to think outside the box and dare to try something new to communicate.

It was back in 1990 that I set out on a project in memetic engineering. The Nazi-comparison meme, I'd decided, had gotten out of hand - in countless Usenet newsgroups, in many conferences on the Well, and on every BBS that I frequented, the labeling of posters or their ideas as "similar to the Nazis" or "Hitler-like" was a recurrent and often predictable event. It was the kind of thing that made you wonder how debates had ever occurred without having that handy rhetorical hammer.

What first started as a meme featuring a fluffy dog with poor grammar has now resulted in a trademark fight over the ownership of an estimated $80 billion brand. If the progression of this Internet sensation has left your head spinning, you are certainly not alone. Its history is as much a rollercoaster as its cryptocurrency value.

What started off as a joke has grown into a very real $80 billion dispute. And while it will likely take quite some time to sort out rights in the trademark, one thing is for sure: this dogfight will certainly provide excellent content for years of doge memes to come.

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VICE: Hey Richard, could you tell us the correct definition of the word "meme" and how you came up with it?

Richard Dawkins: It is the cultural equivalent of a gene. So anything that gets passed from brain to brain, like an accent, or a basic word, or a tune. It's anything that you can say spreads through the population in a cultural way, like an epidemic. So a craze at a school, a clothes fashion, a fashion for a particular way of speaking, all these things are memes. Anything that could be the basis for an evolutionary process is a meme, simply by becoming more frequent in the population, in the meme pool, in the same way the gene becomes more frequent in the gene pool.

How did you come to play the ewi?

I played the clarinet at school and the fingering of the ewi is pretty similar to the clarinet. I was able to pick it up very easily. I actually played it as a trumpet because the sound is actually dependent on the software.

Was it nature, a particular moment or work of art that inspired you to denounce your Anglican upbringing?

I wouldn't say "denounce." That might be putting it a bit strongly. Christianity is somewhat harmless compared to some alternatives. I suppose at about 15 or 16 I decided that there was no God and so I did become a bit rebellious and stopped going to chapel at school.

And that's even more true of the molecules. If you look at molecular genetics, and compare the proteins or the DNA of any two animals, you will find massive similarities. And the whole thing falls into a beautiful, elegant, hierarchical scheme. Which can only be a pedigree. You can actually, literally count the number of DNA-based pairs that we have in common with any other animal that you care to name and what you get is a beautiful, hierarchical, branching tree. It has to be a pedigree. There is no other explanation.

Also, if you look at the geographical distribution of species on the islands and continents of the world, it's all exactly what you would expect if they had evolved as Darwin himself noted. The evidence is utterly, sledgehammeringly convincing. All you need to do is look at it. Does your sister's school teach that God created the world in seven days?

What was it that inspired you to turn away from religion?

I suppose Darwin really. The main reason why I was still religious up until that age was that I was a biologist and I was studying biology, and I was very impressed by the beauty and elegance of the living world and how apparently designed it was. So I thought there had to be a designer. And then I discovered Darwinism and realised there didn't have to be a designer. There was a much more elegant and parsimonious explanation for the complexity and beauty of life. That was when the scales fell from my eyes and I couldn't see any reason for believing in any higher being.

The fact that we used to walk around on all fours in our ancestry, and we no longer do. Despite various problems with back pain and things like that. We are upright walking bipeds but we are not designed from scratch in that way as our ancestors were designed to walk on all fours.

In his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, British scientist Richard Dawkins defended his newly coined word meme, which he defined as "a unit of cultural transmission." Having first considered, then rejected, mimeme, he wrote: "Mimeme comes from a suitable Greek root, but I want a monosyllable that sounds a bit like gene." (The suitable Greek root was mim-, meaning "mime" or "mimic." The English suffix -eme indicates a distinctive unit of language structure, as in grapheme, lexeme, and phoneme.) Like any good meme, meme caught on and evolved, eventually developing the meaning known to anyone who spends time online, where it's most often used to refer to any one of those silly captioned photos that the Internet can't seem to get enough of.

This explanation of Pets vs Cattle is what resonated with Tim Bell at CERN and many others and caused them to replicate and propagate the analogy, which created the meme that has edified so many and has so cleanly represented the transition we are all going through to cloud.

The key here is that in the old world redundancy through having two of everything, the ubiquitous HA pair in the enterprise datacenter, is not enough. What is required is assuming that failures can and will happen. That every server, every component is able to fail without impacting the system.

By understanding and accurately representing the origins of the meme, we maintain its value for helping those new to the disruption understand the foundational shift underway in how computing is delivered.

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When creating a meme there are several factors that need to be considered as every detail adds to the effect of the meme. This does take time and just like blogging, memes do take several revisions to make perfect but the effect that they can have when they are perfected is inspiring.

The important factors to remember are that the video should be at least 5 seconds long and something new should happen every 3 seconds (or every 5 seconds if the video is longer). This is because the average human attention span is 8 seconds but could possibly be 5 seconds with the current generation and if nothing new or interesting happens in a short amount of time then viewers will click off.

The name of a file containing the primary sequences in FASTA format, or the word stdin to indicate that the primary sequences should be read from standard input. Note that MEME does not attempt to detect the alphabet from the primary sequences so you should specify it with the -dna, -rna, -protein or -alph options. MEME also supports a modification to the FASTA format for weighting the primary sequences.

MEME gives each motif it discovers a name, which is a consensus sequence that approximately describes the motif. Motif names are intended to be mnemonic only, and are not intended to be used for searching sequences for matches; use the position-specific probability matrix (PSPM) contained in each of the MEME output file formats for that purpose via programs such as FIMO and MAST.

Note that MEME uses only the 0-order portion (single letter frequencies) of the background model for purpose 4 for all objective functions other than classic, and for purposes 3 and 4 when the objective function is classic. Note that if both strands are being considered, MEME will create a background model that averages the frequencies of letters (0-order) or words (higher order) and their reverse complements.

MEME searches for motifs in a four step process: Search for starting points. Expectation Maximization (EM). Motif Refinement. Motif Erasing. First, MEME searches for words in the primary sequences that are likely tobe good starting points for EM. Second, MEME runs EM to convergence from each such starting point.Third, after EM converges, MEME refines the width and depth (number of sites) of the motif.Finally, MEME performs a "soft" erase procedure that essentially erases all thesites of the best motif found proportional to the certainty that the site is real.MEME repeats the above four steps to find subsequent motifs until a stopping criterionis met, as specified in the "Number of Motifs" section above.

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