If you overexpand a convergent-divergent nozzle beyond ideal conditions
(i.e., when Pexit < Patm), the exit velocity will indeed be greater than the
ideal exit velocity. However, you need to account for the "base pressure"
thrust loss, Aexit * (Patm - Pexit). This drag term grows with
overexpansion and it prevents overexpanded thrust from exceeding the ideal
thrust.
Note: There are limits to how much viscous attachment effects allow a
nozzle to be overexpanded. Eventually, the flow will separate from the
divergent wall.
Regards,
Jeff Berton