This Week's Finds in Mathematical Physics
john baez
weeks. :-)
1) On the Vassiliev Knot Invariants by Dror Bar-Natan, Harvard
University ``pre-preprint.''
I went to UC San Diego this week to give a talk, and the timing was
nice, because Dror Bar-Natan was there. He is a student of Witten who
has started from Witten's ideas relating knot theory and quantum field
theory and developed them into a beautiful picture that shows how knot
theory, the theory of classical Lie algebras, and abstract Feynman
diagrams are three faces of the same thing. To put it boldly, in a
deliberately exaggerated form, Bar-Natan has proposed a conjecture
saying that knot theory and the theory of classical Lie algebras are
one and the same!
This won't seem very exciting if you don't know what a classical Lie
algebra is. Let me give a brief and very sketchy introduction,
apologizing in advance to all the experts for the terrible sins I will
commit, such as failing to distinguish between complex and real Lie
algebras.
Well, remember that a Lie algebra is just a vector space
equipped with a "bracket" such that the bracket [x,y] of any two vectors
x and y is again a vector, and such that the following hold:
a) skew-symmetry: [x,y] = -[y,x].
b) bilinearity: [x,ay] = a[x,y], [x,y+z] = [x,y] + [x,z]. (a is a number.)
c) Jacobi identity: [x,[y,z]] + [y,[z,x]] + [z,[x,y]] = 0.
The best known example is good old R^3 with the cross product as the
bracket. But the real importance of Lie algebras is that one can get
one from any Lie group - roughly speaking, a group that's also a
manifold, and such that the group operations are smooth maps. And the
importance of Lie groups is that they are what crop up as the groups of
symmetries in physics. The Lie algebra is essentially the
"infinitesimal version" of the corresponding Lie group, as anyone has
seen who has taken physics and seen the relation between the group of
rotations in R^3 and the cross product. Here the group is called SO(3)
and the Lie algebra is called so(3). (So R^3 with its cross product is
called so(3).) One can generalize this to any number of dimensions,
letting SO(n) denote the group of rotations in R^n and so(n) the
corresponding Lie algebra. (However, so(n) is not isomorphic to R^n
except for n = 3, so there is something very special about three
dimensions.)
Similarly, if one uses complex numbers instead of real numbers,
one gets a group SU(n) and Lie algebra su(n). And if one looks at the
symmetries of a 2n-dimensional classical phase
space - so-called canonical transformations, or symplectic
transformations - one gets the group Sp(n) and Lie algebra sp(n).
To be precise, SO(n) consists of all nxn orthogonal real matrices with
determinant 1, SU(n) consists of all nxn unitary complex matrices with
determinant 1, and Sp(n) consists of all (2n)x(2n) real matrices
preserving a nondegenerate skew-symmetric form.
These are all very important in physics. Indeed, all the "gauge groups"
of physics are Lie groups of a certain sort, so-called compact
Lie groups, and in the standard model all the forces are
symmetrical under some gauge group or other. Electromagnetism a la
Maxwell is symmetric under the group U(1) of complex numbers of unit
magnitude, or "phases". The electroweak force (unified electromagnetism
and weak force) is symmetric under U(1) x SU(2), where one uses the fact
that one can build up bigger semisimple Lie groups as direct sums
(also called products) of smaller ones. The gauge group for the
strong force is SU(3). And, finally, the gauge group of the whole
standard model is simply U(1) x SU(2) x SU(3), which results from
lumping the electroweak and strong gauge groups together. This direct
sum business also works for the Lie algebras, so the Lie algebra
relevant to the standard model is written u(1) x su(2) x su(3).
There are certain very special Lie algebras called simple Lie algebras
which play the role of "elementary building blocks" in the world of Lie
algebras. They cannot be written as the direct sum of other Lie
algebras (and in fact there is an even stronger sense in which they
cannot be decomposed). On the other hand, the Lie algebra of any
compact Lie group is a direct sum of simple Lie algebras and copies of
u(1) - the one-dimensional Lie algebra with zero Lie bracket which, for
technical reasons, people don't call "simple".
These simple Lie algebras were classified by the monumental work of
Killing, Cartan and others, and the classification is strikingly simple:
there are infinite series of "classical" Lie algebras of type
su(n), so(n), and sp(n), and five "exceptional" Lie algebras
called G_2, F_4, E_6, E_7, and E_8. Believe it or not, there is a deep
connection between the exceptional Lie algebras and the Platonic solids.
But that is another story, one I barely know....
Now, Witten showed how one could use quantum field theory to constuct an
invariant of knots, or even links, corresponding to any representation
of a compact Lie group. (You won't even need to know what a
representation is to understand what follows.) This had been done in a
different way, in terms of "quantum groups," by Reshetikhin and Turaev
(following up on work by many other people). These invariants are
polynomials in a variable q (for "quantum"), and if one writes q as
e^hbar and expands a power series in hbar, the coefficient of hbar^n is
a "Vassiliev invariant of degree n". Recall from last week that
given an invariant of oriented knots, one can extend
it to knot with arbitrarily many nice crossings by setting
the value of the invariant on a knot with a crossing like
\ /
\/
/\
/ \
to be the invariant of the knot with the crossing changed to
\ /
\ /
/
/ \
/ \
minus the invariant of the knot with the crossing changed to
\ /
\ /
\
/ \
/ \
(Again, the knot has to be oriented for this rule to make sense,
and the strands shown in the pictures above should be pointing
downwards.) Having made this extension, one says a knot
invariant is a Vassiliev invariant of degree n if it vanishes
on all knot with n+1 or more double points.
This is where Dror stepped in, roughly. First of all, he showed that
the Vassiliev invariant of degree n is just what you get when you do
Witten's quantum-field-theoretic calculations perturbatively using
Feynman diagrams and look at the terms of order n in Planck's constant,
hbar! Secondly, and more surprisingly, he developed a bunch of
relationships between Feynman diagrams and pictures of knots! The third
and most amazing thing he did takes a bit longer to explain...
Roughly, he showed that any Vassiliev invariant of degree n is
determined by some combinatorial data called a "weight system." He
showed that any representation of a Lie algebra determines a weight
system and hence a Vassiliev invariant. But the really interesting
thing he showed is that many of the things one can do for Lie algebras
can be done for arbitrary weight systems. This makes it plausible that
EVERY weight system, hence every Vassiliev invariant, comes from a
representation of a simple Lie algebra. In fact, Dror conjectures that
every Vassiliev invariant comes from a representation of a classical
simple Lie algebra. Now there is another conjecture floating around
these days, namely that Vassiliev invariants almost form a complete set
- that is, that if two knots cannot be distinguished by any Vassiliev
invariants, they must either be the same or differ simply by reversing the
orientation of all the strands. If BOTH these conjectures are true,
one has in some sense practically reduced the theory of knots to the
theory of the classical Lie algebras! This wouldn't mean that all of
sudden we know the answer to every question about knots, but it would
certainly help a lot, and more importantly, in my opinion, it would show
that the connection between topology and Lie theory is far
more profound than we really understand. The ramifications for physics,
as I hope all my chat about knots, gauge theories and quantum
gravity makes clear, might also be profound.
Well, we *certainly* don't understand all this stuff yet, since we don't know
how to prove these conjectures! But Dror's conjecture - that all weight
systems come from representations of simple Lie algebras - is
tantalizingly close to being within grasp, since he has reduced it to a
fairly elementary combinatorial problem, which I will now state. Note
that "elementary" does not mean easy to solve! Just easy to state.
Before I state the combinatorial problem, let me say
something about the evidence for the conjecture that all Vassiliev
invariants come from representations of classical Lie algebras. In
addition to all sorts of "technical" evidence, Dror has shown the
conjecture is true for Vassiliev invariants of degree <= 9 by means
of many hours of computation using his Sparcstation. In fact, he said
in his talk that he felt guilty about having a Sparcstation unless it
was always computing something, and that even as he spoke his computer
was busily verifying the conjecture for higher degrees. (I suggested
that it was the Sparcstation that should feel guilty when it was not
working, not him.) He also advertised that his programs, a mixture of C
and Mathematica code, are available by anonymous ftp from math.harvard.
Use user name "ftp", go to the directory "dror". You folks with Crays
should feel VERY guilty if they are just sitting there and not helping
Dror verify this important conjecture. (I suggest that you first read his
papers and the file README in his directory, then check out his
programs, and then ask him where he's at and what would be worth doing.
Please don't pester him unless you are a good enough mathematician to
discuss this stuff intelligently and have megaflops to burn. If you
want to make a fool of yourself, *don't* say I sent you.)
Okay, with no further ado, here's the conjecture in its elementary
combinatorial form. Let B be the vector space spanned by finite graphs with
univalent and "oriented" trivalent vertices, modulo some
relations... first of all, a trivalent vertex is "oriented" if there is
a cyclic ordering of the three incident edges. That is, we "orient" the
vertex
\ /
\ /
\ /
|
|
|
by drawing a little clockwise or counterclockwise-pointing circle at the
vertex. (Or, for those of an algebraic bent, label the edges by 1,2,3
but then mod out by cyclic permutations.) The relations are: 1) if we
reverse the orientation of a trivalent vertex, that's equivalent to
multiplying the graph by -1. (Remember we're in a vector space spanned
by graphs.) 2)
------ | | \ /
| = |____| - \/
| | | /\
------ | | / \
(That is, we can make this substitution anywhere we want; these pictures
might be part of a bigger graph. Note that the "X" is not a vertex,
since there aren't quadrivalent vertices; it's just one edge going over
or under another. It doesn't matter whether it goes over or under since
these are abstract graphs, not graphs embedded in space.)
Now, let B_m be the vector space spanned by "labelled" finite graphs
with univalent and oriented trivalent vertices, modulo some relations...
but first I have to say what "labelled" means. It means that each edge
is labelled with a 1 or -1. The relations are: 1) if we reverse the
orientation of a trivalent vertex, it's the same as multiplying the
labellings of all three incident edges by -1. 2)
------ | |
| = |____|
| | |
------ | |
*if* the internal edge is labelled with a 1. (Here the 4 external edges
can have any labellings and we don't mess with that.)
Now, define a linear map from B to B_m by mapping any graph to the
signed sum of the 2^{number of edges} ways of labelling the edges with -1
or -1. Symbolically,
1 -1
-------- -> --------- - --------- .
Of course, one must work a bit to show this map is well-defined. (This
just takes a paragraph - see Proposition 6.5 of Dror's paper.)
Okay, the conjecture is:
THIS MAP IS ONE-TO-ONE.
If you can solve it, you've made great progress in showing that knots
and classical Lie groups are just two aspects of the same branch of
mathematics. Don't work on it, though, until you get Dror's paper and
make sure I stated it exactly right!!!!!
2) Mathematical problems of non-perturbative quantum general
relativity, by Abhay Ashtekar, lectures delivered at the 1992 Les
Houches summer school on Gravitation and Quantization, December 2, 1992,
available as Syracuse University physics preprint SU-GP-92/11-2.
This is a good overview of the loop variables approach to quantizing
general relativity as it currently stands. It begins with a review of
the basic difficulties with quantizing gravity, as viewed from three
perspectives: the particle physicist, the mathematical physicist, and
the general relativist. Technically, a main problem is that general
relativity consists of both evolution equations and constraint equations
on the initial data (which are roughly the metric of space at a given
time and its first time derivative, or really "extrinsic curvature").
So Ashtekar reviews Dirac's ideas on quantizing constrained systems
before sketching how this program is carried out for general relativity.
Then he considers a "toy model" - quantum gravity in 2+1 dimensions.
This is a funny theory because *classically* Einstein's equations (in the
case of a vacuum) in 2+1 dimensions simply say that spacetime is flat! No
gravitational waves exist as in 3+1 dimensions, and one can say that the
information in the gravitational field is "purely global" - locally,
everywhere looks the same as everywhere else (like Iowa), but there may
be global "twists" that you notice when going around a noncontractible loop.
There has been a lot of work on 2+1 gravity recently - in a sense this problem
has been solved, by a number of methods - and this allows one to
understand *some* of the conceptual difficulties of honest
3+1-dimensional quantum gravity without getting caught in an endless net
of technical complications.
Then Ashtekar jumps back to 3+1 dimensions and gives a more thorough
introduction to the loop variables approach. He ends by going through
some of the many open problems and possible ways to attack them. In general,
this paper is fun to read because it emphasizes concepts rather than
equations.
I have worn myself out trying to do justice to Bar-Natan's work, so I
will postpone until next week a review of Kapranov and Voevodsky's paper
on 2-categories. Also, a reminder: old "This Week's Finds" are available by
anonymous ftp from math.princeton.edu, in pub/baezpapers.
john baez
\ /
\/
/\
/ \
\ /
\ /
\
/ \
/ \
that the connection between topology and the theory of Lie algebras is far
more profound than we really understand. The ramifications for physics,
as I hope all my chatting about knots, gauge theories and quantum
\ /
\ /
\ /
|
|
|
------ | |
| = |____|
| | |
------ | |
Okay, the conjecture is:
THIS MAP IS ONE-TO-ONE.
This is a funny theory because *classically* Einstein's equations in 2+1
dimensions simply say that spacetime is flat (in a vacuum)! No
gravitational waves exist as in 3+1 dimensions, and one can say that the
information in the gravitational field is "purely global" - locally,
everywhere looks the same as everywhere else (like Iowa), but there may
be global "twists" that you notice when going around a noncontractible loop.
There has been a lot of work on 2+1 gravity recently - in a sense this problem
has been solved, by a number of methods - and this allows one to
understand *some* of the conceptual difficulties of honest
3+1-dimensional quantum gravity without getting caught in an endless net
of technical complications.
Then Ashtekar jumps back to 3+1 dimensions and gives a more thorough
introduction to the loop variables approach. He ends by going through
some of the many open problems and possible ways to attack them.
I have worn myself out trying to do justice to Bar-Natan's work, so I
will postpone until next week a review of Kapranov and Voevodsky's paper
on 2-categories. Also, a reminder: old reviews are available by
Archimedes Plutonium
Physics, left up to Baez and his buddies of Weinberg, Glashow, Gell-Mann, Peter Higgs, Ed Witten those buddies are comfortable with a electron at 0.5MeV, proton at 938MeV, neutron at 940MeV and all three of them as "do nothing particles" with the amazing audacity of saying the 0.5MeV particle flys around the outside of a 938MeV proton at nearly the speed of light 99.99% speed of light, yet never flys off. For Baez, and his buddies never understood Angular Momentum. Never could interpret 9 x 105 = 938 or 940 within Sigma Error.
But then along comes AP, and says-- sigma error is important in physics and use it.
AP says-- you cannot have "do nothing particles in physics".
AP says-- the true electron of atoms is the muon and stuck inside a 840MeV proton doing the Faraday law by producing Dirac magnetic monopoles such as the 0.5MeV dipole as electricity.
Is John Baez or Sheldon Glashow or Peter Higgs or Ed Witten still able to learn in science, or are they just complete washed up and washed out. Are they complete wash out failures of physics? Probably complete failures because they cannot even muster the intelligence of dropping a Kerr or Mason lid inside a folded up paper cone and acknowledge something as simple as what a High School student can prove, that a slant cut in cone is a Oval, never the ellipse, (see AP books below). Yet that is what the "pack of fools Baez, Glashow, Higgs, Witten" still teach their electron is 0.5MeV, their ellipse is slant cut in cone, but probably worst of all, these bozos still teach the Boole logic of 2 OR 1= 3 with AND as subtraction. Imagine that, physics professors who cannot even think logically correct, no wonder they are incapable of 9 x 105.
74th published book
HISTORY OF THE PROTON MASS and the 945 MeV //Atom Totality series, book 3 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
In 2016-2017, AP discovered that the real proton has a mass of 840 MeV, not 938. The real electron was actually the muon and the muon stays inside the proton that forms a proton torus of 8 rings and with the muon as bar magnet is a Faraday Law producing magnetic monopoles. So this book is all about why researchers of physics and engineers keep getting the number 938MeV when they should be getting the number 840 MeV + 105 MeV = 945 MeV.
Cover Picture is a proton torus of 8 rings with a muon of 1 ring inside the proton torus, doing the Faraday Law and producing magnetic monopoles.
Length: 17 pages
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#1-4, 105th published book
Atom Geometry is Torus Geometry // Atom Totality series, book 4 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Since all atoms are doing the Faraday Law inside them, of their thrusting muon into a proton coil in the shape of a geometry torus, then the torus is the geometry of each and every atom. But then we must explain the neutrons since the muon and proton are doing Faraday's Law, then the neutron needs to be explained in terms of this proton torus with muon inside, all three shaped as rings. The muon is a single ring and each proton is 8 rings. The neutron is shaped like a plate and is solid not hollow. The explanation of a neutron is that of a capacitor storing what the proton-muon rings produce in electricity. Where would the neutron parallel plates be located? I argue in this text that the neutron plates when fully grown from 1 eV until 945MeV are like two parallel plate capacitors where each neutron is part of one plate, like two pieces of bread with the proton-muon torus being a hamburger patty.
Cover Picture: I assembled two atoms in this picture where the proton torus with a band of muons inside traveling around and around the proton torus producing electricity. And the pie-plates represent neutrons as parallel-plate capacitors.
Length: 39 pages
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,656,820 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#6413 in Mathematics (Kindle Store)
#315 in One-Hour Science & Math Short Reads
#4953 in Physics (Kindle Store)
#1-5, 112th published book
New Perspective on Psi^2 in the Schrodinger Equation in a Atom Totality Universe// Atom Totality series, book 5
Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
I first heard of the Schrodinger equation in college chemistry class. We never actually did any problem solving with the equation, and we were only told about it. Then taking physics my next year in college and after I bought the Feynman Lectures on Physics, just for fun for side reading, three volume set did I learn what this Schrodinger equation and the Psi^2 wavefunction was about. I am not going to teach the mathematics of the Schrodinger equation and the math calculations of the Psi or Psi^2 in this book, but leave that up to the reader or student to do that from Feynman's Lectures on Physics. The purpose of this book is to give a new and different interpretation of what Psi^2 is, what Psi^2 means. Correct interpretation of physics experiments and observations turns out to be one of the most difficult tasks in all of physics.
Cover Picture: a photograph taken of me in 1993, after the discovery of Plutonium Atom Totality, and I was 43 years old then, on a wintery hill of New Hampshire. It is nice that Feynman wrote a physics textbook series, for I am very much benefitting from his wisdom. If he had not done that, getting organized in physics by writing textbooks, I would not be writing this book. And I would not have discovered the true meaning of the Fine Structure Constant, for it was Feynman who showed us that FSC is really 0.0854, not that of 0.0072. All because 0.0854 is Psi, and Psi^2 is 0.0072.
Length: 20 pages
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◦ #5 in 30-Minute Science & Math Short Reads
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#1-6, 135th published book
QED in Atom Totality theory where proton is a 8 ring torus and electron = muon inside proton doing Faraday Law// Atom Totality series, book 6 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Since the real true electron of atoms is the muon and is a one ring bar magnet thrusting through the 8 ring torus of a proton, we need a whole entire new model of the hydrogen atom. Because the Bohr model with the 0.5MeV particle jumping orbitals as the explanation of Spectral Lines is all wrong. In this vacuum of explaining spectral line physics, comes the AP Model which simply states that the hydrogen atom creates Spectral lines because at any one instant of time 4 of the 8 proton rings is "in view" and the electricity coming from those 4 view rings creates spectral line physics.
Cover Picture: Is a imitation of the 8 ring proton torus, with my fingers holding on the proton ring that has the muon ring perpendicular and in the equatorial plane of the proton rings, thrusting through. This muon ring is the same size as the 8 proton rings making 9 x 105MeV = 945MeV of energy. The muon ring has to be perpendicular and lie on the equator of the proton torus. Surrounding the proton-torus would be neutrons as skin or coating cover and act as capacitors in storing the electricity produced by the proton+muon.
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◦ #13 in 45-Minute Science & Math Short Reads
◦ #52 in General Chemistry & Reference
◦ #334 in General Chemistry
#1-7, 138th published book
The true NUCLEUS of Atoms are inner toruses moving around in circles of a larger outer torus// Rutherford, Geiger, Marsden Experiment revisited // Atom Totality Series, book 7 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
The geometry of Atoms of the Table of Chemical Elements is torus geometry. We know this to be true for the torus geometry forms the maximum electricity production when using the Faraday Law. We see this in Old Physics with their tokamak toruses attempting to make fusion, by accelerating particles of the highest possible acceleration for the torus is that geometry. But the torus is the geometry not only of maximum acceleration but of maximum electrical generation by having a speeding bar magnet go around and around inside a torus== the Faraday law, where the torus rings are the copper closed wire loop. The protons of atoms are 8 loops of rings in a torus geometry, and the electron of atoms is the muon as bar magnet, almost the same size as the proton loops but small enough to fit inside proton loops. It is torus geometry that we investigate the geometry of all atoms.
Length: 41 pages
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#1-8, 1st published book
Atom Totality Universe, 8th edition, 2017// A history log book: Atom Totality Series book 8 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Last revision 7Apr2021. This was AP's first published science book.
Advisory: This is a difficult book to read and is AP's research log book of the Atom Totality in 2016-2017. I want to keep it for its history value. AP advises all readers wanting to know the Plutonium Atom Totality theory to go to the 9th edition that is the latest up to date account of this theory. The reason AP wants to keep the 8th edition is because of Historical Value, for in this book, while writing it, caused the discovery of the real electron is the muon of atoms. The real proton of atoms is 840MeV and not the 938MeV that most books claim. The particle discovered by JJ Thomson in 1897 thinking he discovered the electron of atoms was actually the Dirac magnetic monopole at 0.5MeV. This discovery changes every, every science that uses atoms and electricity and magnetism, in other words, every science.
Foreward:
I wrote the 8th edition of Atom Totality and near the end of writing it in 2017, I had my second greatest physics discovery. I learned the real electron of atoms was the muon at 105MeV and not the tiny 0.5MeV particle that J.J.Thomson found in 1897. So I desperately tried to include that discovery in my 8th edition and it is quite plain to see for I tried to write paragraphs after each chapter saying as much. I knew in 2017, that it was a great discovery, changing all the hard sciences, and reframing and restructuring all the hard sciences.
Length: 632 pages
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #578,229 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#1610 in Physics (Kindle Store)
#8526 in Physics (Books)
#18851 in Biological Sciences (Books)
#2-1, 137th published book
Introduction to AP's TEACHING TRUE PHYSICS// Physics textbook series, book 1 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
#1 New Release in Electromagnetic Theory
This will be AP's 137th published book on science. And the number 137 is special to me for it is the number of QED, Quantum Electrodynamics as the inverse fine structure constant. I can always remember 137 as that special constant of physics and so I can remember where Teaching True Physics was started by me.
Time has come for the world to have the authoritative textbooks for all of High School and College education. Written by the leading physics expert of the time. The last such was Feynman in the 1960s with Feynman Lectures on Physics. The time before was Maxwell in 1860s with his books and Encyclopedia Britannica editorship. The time is ripe in 2020 for the new authoritative texts on physics. It will be started in 2020 which is 60 years after Feynman. In the future, I request the physics community updates the premier physics textbook series at least every 30 years. For we can see that pattern of 30 years approximately from Faraday in 1830 to Maxwell in 1860 to Planck and Rutherford in about 1900, to Dirac in 1930 to Feynman in 1960 and finally to AP in 1990 and 2020. So much happens in physics after 30 years, that we need the revisions to take place in a timely manner. But also, as we move to Internet publishing such as Amazon's Kindle, we can see that updates can take place very fast, as editing can be a ongoing monthly or yearly activity. I for one keep constantly updating all my published books, at least I try to.
Feynman was the best to make the last authoritative textbook series for his concentration was QED, Quantum Electrodynamics, the pinnacle peak of physics during the 20th century. Of course the Atom Totality theory took over after 1990 and all of physics; for all sciences are under the Atom Totality theory.
And as QED was the pinnacle peak before 1990, the new pinnacle peak is the Atom Totality theory. The Atom Totality theory is the advancement of QED, for the Atom Totality theory primal axiom says -- All is Atom, and atoms are nothing but Electricity and Magnetism.
Length: 64 pages
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◦ #39 in Electromagnetic Theory
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#2-2, 145th published book
TEACHING TRUE PHYSICS//Junior High School// Physics textbook series, book 2
Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
What I am doing is clearing the field of physics, clearing it of all the silly mistakes and errors and beliefs that clutter up physics. Clearing it of its fraud and fakeries and con-artistry. I thought of doing these textbooks starting with Senior year High School, wherein I myself started learning physics. But because of so much fraud and fakery in physics education, I believe we have to drop down to Junior year High School to make a drastic and dramatic emphasis on fakery and con-artistry that so much pervades science and physics in particular. So that we have two years in High School to learn physics. And discard the nonsense of physics brainwash that Old Physics filled the halls and corridors of education.
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• Publication date : November 29, 2020
• Language: : English
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◦ #42 in Two-Hour Science & Math Short Reads
◦ #344 in Physics (Kindle Store)
◦ #2,160 in Physics (Books)
#2-3, 146th published book
TEACHING TRUE PHYSICS// Senior High School// Physics textbook series, book 3
Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
I believe that in knowing the history of a science is knowing half of that science. And that if you are amiss of knowing the history behind a science, you have only a partial understanding of the concepts and ideas behind the science. I further believe it is easier to teach a science by teaching its history than any other means of teaching. So for senior year High School, I believe physics history is the best way of teaching physics. And in later years of physics courses, we can always pick up on details. So I devote this senior year High School physics to a history of physics, but only true physics. And there are few books written on the history of physics, so I chose Asimov's The History of Physics, 1966 as the template book for this textbook. Now Asimov's book is full of error and mistakes, and that is disappointing but all of Old Physics is full of error. On errors and mistakes of Old Physics, the best I can do is warn the students, and the largest warning of all is that whenever someone in Old Physics says "electron" what they are talking about is really the Dirac magnetic monopole. And whenever they talk about the Rutherford-Bohr model of the atom, they are talking about huge huge grave mistakes, for the true atom is protons as 8 ringed toruses with a muon stuck inside of a proton doing the Faraday law and producing those magnetic monopoles as electricity. I use Asimov's book as a template but in the future, I hope to rewrite this textbook using no template at all, that is if I have time in the future.
Cover Picture: Is the book The History of Physics, by Isaac Asimov, 1966 and on top of the book are 4 cut-outs of bent circles representing magnetic monopoles which revolutionizes modern physics, especially the ElectroMagnetic theory.
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• ASIN : B08RK33T8V
• Publication date : December 28, 2020
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• File size : 794 KB
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• Best Sellers Rank: #4,167,235 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
◦ #15,099 in Physics (Kindle Store)
◦ #91,163 in Physics (Books)
#3-1, 2nd published book
True Chemistry: Chemistry Series, book 1 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Physics and chemistry made a mistake in 1897 for they thought that J.J. Thomson's small particle of 0.5MeV was the electron of atoms. By 2017, Archimedes Plutonium discovered that the rest mass of 940 for neutron and proton was really 9 x 105MeV with a small sigma-error. Meaning that the real proton is 840MeV, real electron is 105 MeV= muon, and that little particle Thomson discovered was in fact the Dirac magnetic monopole. Dirac circa 1930s was looking for a magnetic monopole, and sadly, Dirac passed away before 2017, because if he had lived to 2017, he would have seen his long sought for magnetic monopole which is everywhere.
Cover picture: shows 3 isomers of CO2 and the O2 molecule.
Length: 1150 pages
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• File Size : 2167 KB
• ASIN : B07PLVMMSZ
• Publication Date : March 11, 2019
• Word Wise : Enabled
• Print Length : 1150 pages
• Language: : English
• Text-to-Speech : Not enabled
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #590,212 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#181 in General Chemistry & Reference
#1324 in General Chemistry
#1656 in Physics (Kindle Store)
3rd published book
AP's Proof-Ellipse was never a Conic Section // Math proof series, book 1 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Ever since Ancient Greek Times it was thought the slant cut into a cone is the ellipse. That was false. For the slant cut in every cone is a Oval, never an Ellipse. This book is a proof that the slant cut is a oval, never the ellipse. A slant cut into the Cylinder is in fact a ellipse, but never in a cone.
Length: 21 pages
File Size: 1620 KB
Print Length: 21 pages
Publication Date: March 11, 2019
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B07PLSDQWC
Text-to-Speech: Enabled
X-Ray: Not Enabled
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Lending: Enabled
Enhanced Typesetting: Enabled
11th published book
World's First Geometry Proof of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus// Math proof series, book 2 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Last revision was 19May2021. This is AP's 11th published book of science.
Preface:
Actually my title is too modest, for the proof that lies within this book makes it the World's First Valid Proof of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, for in my modesty, I just wanted to emphasis that calculus was geometry and needed a geometry proof. Not being modest, there has never been a valid proof of FTC until AP's 2015 proof. This also implies that only a geometry proof of FTC constitutes a valid proof of FTC.
Calculus needs a geometry proof of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. But none could ever be obtained in Old Math so long as they had a huge mass of mistakes, errors, fakes and con-artist trickery such as the "limit analysis". To give a Geometry Proof of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus requires math be cleaned-up and cleaned-out of most of math's mistakes and errors. So in a sense, a Geometry FTC proof is a exercise in Consistency of all of Mathematics. In order to prove a FTC geometry proof, requires throwing out the error filled mess of Old Math. Can the Reals be the true numbers of mathematics if the Reals cannot deliver a Geometry proof of FTC? Can the functions that are not polynomial functions allow us to give a Geometry proof of FTC? Can a Coordinate System in 2D have 4 quadrants and still give a Geometry proof of FTC? Can a equation of mathematics with a number that is _not a positive decimal Grid Number_ all alone on the right side of the equation, at all times, allow us to give a Geometry proof of the FTC?
Cover Picture: Is my hand written, one page geometry proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the world's first geometry proof of FTC, 2013-2015, by AP.
Length: 137 pages
Product details
ASIN : B07PQTNHMY
Publication date : March 14, 2019
Language : English
File size : 1307 KB
Text-to-Speech : Enabled
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Print length : 137 pages
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Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #128,729 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
#2 in 45-Minute Science & Math Short Reads
#134 in Calculus (Books)
#20 in Calculus (Kindle Store)
5th published book
Suspend all College Classes in Logic, until they Fix their Errors // Teaching True Logic series, book 1 Kindle Edition
by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
Last revision was 29Mar2021. This is AP's 5th published book of science.
Preface:
First comes Logic-- think straight and clear which many logic and math professors are deaf dumb and blind to, and simply refuse to recognize and fix their errors.
The single biggest error of Old Logic of Boole and Jevons was their "AND" and "OR" connectors. They got them mixed up and turned around. For their logic ends up being that of 3 OR 2 = 5 with 3 AND 2 = either 3 or 2 but never 5, when even the local village idiot knows that 3 AND 2 = 5 (addition) with 3 OR 2 = either 3 or 2 (subtraction). The AND connector in Logic stems from the idea, the mechanism involved, that given a series of statements, if just one of those many statements has a true truth value, then the entire string of statements is overall true, and thus AND truth table is truly TTTF and never TFFF. And secondly, their error of the If->Then conditional. I need to make it clear enough to the reader why the true Truth Table of IF --> Then requires a U for unknown or uncertain with a probability outcome for F --> T = U and F --> F = U. Some smart readers would know that the reason for the U is because without the U, Logic has no means of division by 0 which is undefined in mathematics. You cannot have a Logic that is less than mathematics. A logic that is impoverished and cannot do a "undefined for division by 0 in mathematics". The true logic must be able to have the fact that division by 0 is undefined. True logic is larger than all of mathematics, and must be able to fetch any piece of mathematics from out of Logic itself. So another word for U is undefined. And this is the crux of why Reductio ad Absurdum cannot be a proof method of mathematics, for a starting falsehood in a mathematics proof can only lead to a probability end conclusion.
My corrections of Old Logic have a history that dates before 1993, sometime around 1991, I realized the Euclid proof of infinitude of primes was illogical, sadly sadly wrong, in that the newly formed number by "multiply the lot and add 1" was necessarily a new prime in the indirect proof method. So that my history of fixing Old Logic starts in 1991, but comes to a synthesis of correcting all four of the connectors of Equal/not, And, Or, If->Then, by 2015.
Cover picture: some may complain my covers are less in quality, but I have a good reason for those covers-- I would like covers of math or logic to show the teacher's own handwriting as if he were back in the classroom writing on the blackboard or an overhead projector.
Length: 72 pages
File Size: 773 KB
Print Length: 72 pages
Publication Date: March 12, 2019
Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC
Language: English
ASIN: B07PMB69F5
Text-to-Speech: Enabled 
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y z
| /
| /
|/______ x
More people reading and viewing AP's newsgroup than viewing sci.math, sci.physics. So AP has decided to put all NEW WORK, to his newsgroup. And there is little wonder because in AP's newsgroups, there is only solid pure science going on, not a gang of hate spewing misfits blighting the skies.
In sci.math, sci.physics there is only stalking hate spew along with Police Drag Net Spam of no value and other than hate spew there is Police drag net spam day and night.
I re-opened the old newsgroup PAU of 1990s and there one can read my recent posts without the hassle of stalkers and spammers, Police Drag Net Spam that floods each and every day, book and solution manual spammers, off-topic-misfits, front-page-hogs, churning imbeciles, stalking mockers, suppression-bullies, and demonizers. And the taxpayer funded hate spew stalkers who ad hominem you day and night on every one of your posts.
There is no discussion of science in sci.math or sci.physics, just one long line of hate spewing stalkers followed up with Police Drag Net Spam (easy to spot-- very offtopic-- with hate charged content). And countries using sci.physics & sci.math as propaganda platforms, such as tampering in elections with their mind-rot.
Read my recent posts in peace and quiet.
https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!forum/plutonium-atom-universe
Archimedes Plutonium
Archimedes Plutonium
_UC Riverside, why not admit the truth Oval is the slant cut in single cone, never the ellipse. John Baez certainly cannot admit the truth, for when confronted, the churly imp tried to get out of admitting the truth by saying the oval was a general ellipse as if those two were the same. I call this being dishonest in science and a churlish imp of science. UC Riverside -- __truth always wins__ and your actions of hiring or __complacent with__ hate-stalker criminals of Kibo Parry M. or Jan Burse or Dan Christensen or their dozen allies of hatred, only shows that UC Riverside is no longer in the business of science and truth but has gone corrupt.
On Sunday, May 15, 2022 at 10:56:36 PM UTC-5, Michael Moroney wrote:
>"physics hater"
>"not one single marble of commonsense in my entire brain"
Not much difference between the corrupt Donald Trump and his mindless "big lie" and UC Riverside with their mindless big lie of ellipse a conic section.
>
>
> No point in asking any UC Riverside professor which is the atom's true electron-- muon or 0.5MeV particle when the bozo the clowns cannot even tell apart a ellipse from oval.
> 3rd published book
>
> AP's Proof-Ellipse was never a Conic Section // Math proof series, book 1 Kindle Edition
> by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
>
> Ever since Ancient Greek Times it was thought the slant cut into a cone is the ellipse. That was false. For the slant cut in every cone is a Oval, never an Ellipse. This book is a proof that the slant cut is a oval, never the ellipse. A slant cut into the Cylinder is in fact a ellipse, but never in a cone.
>
> • ASIN : B07PLSDQWC
> • Publication date : March 11, 2019
> • Language : English
> • File size : 1621 KB
> • Text-to-Speech : Enabled
> • X-Ray : Not Enabled
> • Word Wise : Not Enabled
> • Lending : Enabled
> •
> •
>
> Proofs Ellipse is never a Conic section, always a Cylinder section and a Well Defined Oval definition//Student teaches professor series, book 5 Kindle Edition
> by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
>
> Last revision was 26Jan2022. This is AP's 68th published book of science.
>
> Preface: A similar book on single cone cut is a oval, never a ellipse was published in 11Mar2019 as AP's 3rd published book, but Amazon Kindle converted it to pdf file, and since then, I was never able to edit this pdf file, and decided rather than struggle and waste time, decided to leave it frozen as is in pdf format. Any new news or edition of ellipse is never a conic in single cone is now done in this book. The last thing a scientist wants to do is wade and waddle through format, when all a scientist ever wants to do is science itself. So all my new news and thoughts of Conic Sections is carried out in this 68th book of AP. And believe you me, I have plenty of new news.
>
> In November of 2019, I was challenged to make the definition of Oval a well defined definition. I took up that task, and fortunately I waited a long time since, 2016, my discovery that the oval was the slant cut into a cone, not the ellipse. I say fortunately because you need physics in order to make a well defined definition of oval. You need the knowledge of physics, that electricity is perpendicular to magnetism and this perpendicularity is crucial in a well defined definition of oval. When I discovered the ellipse was never a conic in 2016, I probably could not have well defined the oval at that time, because I needed the 3 years intervening to catch up on a lot of physics, but by November 2019, I was ready willing and able. Then in August of 2020, I discovered a third new proof of Ellipse is a cylinder section never a conic section, using solid 3rd dimension geometry of ovoid and ellipsoid.
>
> Cover picture is a cone and a cylinder on a cutting board and that is an appropriate base to place those two figures because sectioning means cutting, and the cuts we want to make into a single cone and a cylinder is a slant cut not a cut parallel to the base of the figures, nor a cut that leaves the figure open ended but a slant cut that leaves the figure a closed loop.
>
> Product details
> • ASIN : B081TWQ1G6
> • Publication date : November 21, 2019
> • Language : English
> • File size : 2021 KB
> • Simultaneous device usage : Unlimited
> • Screen Reader : Supported
> • Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
> • X-Ray : Not Enabled
> • Word Wise : Not Enabled
> • Lending : Enabled
>
> #11-2, 11th published book
> World's First Geometry Proof of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus// Math proof series, book 2 Kindle Edition
> by Archimedes Plutonium (Author)
>
> Actually my title is too modest, for the proof that lies within this book makes it the World's First Valid Proof of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, for in my modesty, I just wanted to emphasis that calculus was geometry and needed a geometry proof. Not being modest, there has never been a valid proof of FTC until AP's 2015 proof. This also implies that only a geometry proof of FTC constitutes a valid proof of FTC.
>
> To give a Geometry Proof of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus requires math be cleaned-up and cleaned-out of most of math's mistakes and errors. So in a sense, a Geometry FTC proof is a exercise in Consistency of all of Mathematics. In order to prove a FTC geometry proof, requires throwing out the error filled mess of Old Math. Can the Reals be the true numbers of mathematics if the Reals cannot deliver a Geometry proof of FTC? Can the functions that are not polynomial functions allow us to give a Geometry proof of FTC? Can a Coordinate System in 2D have 4 quadrants and still give a Geometry proof of FTC? Can a equation of mathematics with a number that is _not a positive decimal Grid Number_ all alone on the right side of the equation, at all times, allow us to give a Geometry proof of the FTC?
>
> Cover Picture: Is my hand written, one page geometry proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the world's first geometry proof of FTC, 2013-2015, by AP.
>
>
> ASIN : B07PQTNHMY
> Publication date : March 14, 2019
> Language : English
> Screen Reader : Supported
> Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
> X-Ray : Not Enabled
> Word Wise : Not Enabled
> Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #128,729 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
> #2 in 45-Minute Science & Math Short Reads
> #134 in Calculus (Books)
> #20 in Calculus (Kindle Store)
>
>
> On Friday, January 18, 2019 at 4:59:49 PM UTC-6, Michael Moroney wrote:
> >why do you have to be such a crybaby about the ellipse being a conic
> > section?
>
UC Riverside Math Dept, provost: Cynthia Larive- chemist,
Mark Alber, John Baez, Mei-Chu Chang, Vyjayanthi Chari, Kevin Costello, Po-Ning Chen, Wee Liang Gan, Gerhard Gierz, Jacob Greenstein, Jose Gonzalez, Zhuang-dan Guan, Jim Kelliher, Sara Lapan, Michel Lapidus, Carl Mautner, Amir Moradifam, Yat Sun Poon, Ziv Ran, David Rush, Reinhard Schultz, Stefano Vidussi, David Weisbart, Fred Wilhelm, Bun Wong, Yulong Xing, Feng Xu, Qi Zhang
Archimedes Plutonium
James Kibo Parry M. is rolling blackouts also the solution for the Iran dictator???
Rock of Ages, Outer Manchuria, free me from the Russian dictator
Fastest way to rid Putin
knock out Moscow, Volgograd, St.Petersburg electric lines and towers-- rolling black outs. Send Ukraine long range drones to destroy Russia electric Grid.
Kibo Parry Moroney talking to Putin about curving his Electric towers and lines.
On Wednesday, December 7, 2022 at 10:20:47 AM UTC-6, Michael Moroney wrote:
>by pointing out all
> your many mistakes?
What Kibo, should he have buried his lines????
Kibo, will save Moscow from Rolling Blackouts (sounds like a Rawhide tune-- rolling rolling rolling, keep those doggies rolling,.... Rawhide....)
Send Ukraine thousands and thousands of drones to make this winter a blackout winter for Russian cities.
On Wednesday, December 7, 2022 at 4:49:27 PM UTC-6, Earle Jones wrote:
> I have found a one-digit error in line 53.
>
> earle
> *
Thanks Earle of Stanford Univ failures of electrical engineering, so the Moscow line is line 53, but what is the St. Petersburg line to have rolling blackouts??? Should I ask Nancy Rothwell and Toby Howard of Manchester Univ psychoceramics, for Manchester is closer to St. Petersburg? Nancy and Toby what is the electrical line into St.Petersburg, and can a drone from Manchester fly there and knock it out????
> On Wednesday, December 7, 2022 at 2:04:00 PM UTC-6, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
> >
> > Don't you mean 3 14159 ...
> >
> > ;^)
>
> Yes, that is a nice number Chris, does new PM Rishi Sunak have that many drones to knock out Moscow electric power lines and towers? To give Moscow nice nice rolling black outs???? Better stock up on vodka with Putin in charge.
>
> > Economic sanctions work far too slow, slow, while hundreds of missiles bomb Ukraine every day. At this rate, Ukraine will not win.
>
> Do unto your enemy what your enemy does unto you -- Lenin in St,Petersburg, make St.Petersburg a blackout electric city
>
> >
> > To win, the Russian people need to wake up and rid themselves of the insane Putin.
> >
> > China will not help Putin for if that insane idiot presses nuclear, China and Russia will be a ash pile, both.
> >
> > Putin will not push nuclear, because already, most Russians realize he is a insane fool, but they need that extra add verification-- Rolling blackouts in Moscow, St.Petersburg, Volgograd, Vladivostok, even Vladivostok.
> >
> > Javelin is the antitank missile, now we need the Javelin version that knocks out the Moscow grid, the Tehran grid, the Pyongyang grid. When petty dictators face rolling blackouts, then the people get rid of the petty dictator.
> >
> >
> > Protesting, peaceful demonstration is the first sign of unrest in a society, as we see in Tehran, Iran.
> >
> > Next stage if the dictator kills protestors is to knock out the Electric Grid of Tehran so there is rolling blackouts until the dictator departs.
> >
> > The people of Russia just do not know how bad Putin is, and they must be taught by rolling blackouts of electric power to Moscow, St.Petersburg, Volgograd, even Vladivostok.
> >
> > North Korea with its illegal missile launches is taught to be civil by knocking out its electric power grid and experiencing rolling blackouts in Pyongyang, until the petty dictator is gone.
> >
> >
> >
> > > Xi invades Russia to take back Outer Manchuria with 1,000 divisions to Putin's 1 platoon.
> > > Not waiting for Putin to gift wrap Outer Manchuria and hand the stolen land back to China
> > >
> > > And where the baby Xi Jinping was nestled cuddled and tightly caressed and fed by Chairman Mao concubines in the stillness of the waters of the Amur River in the Rice Reeds and Paddies, where panda bears were playfully playing in yonder oak and beech and rock elm trees. The musical of Rock of Ages was played and sung by Chairman Mao's concubines as the rich nutritious protein syrup of fresh rice cultivated by the Ussuri and Amur Rivers flowed their bountiful water over the lush fields of rice and cinnamon and sugar cane. The baby Xi was given dessert of fresh mulberry and peaches and cream from the 3 Farmers visiting.
In Chinese-------
Rock of Ages, Outer Manchuria
Let me free this Chinese land
Let the Amur river and the fields
From the Ussuri side which flow
Save from wrath and make me pure.
Be of rice the double cure
Cleanse me from its guilt and power
Rock of Ages, Outer Manchuria
Free for me,
Let me work the land to be
> > >
> > > Everytime Russia bombs Ukraine, China fells another GLONASS satellite. This makes it easier for China to regain its stolen lands of OUTER MANCHURIA which is 28 times larger than Taiwan. Taiwan can wait, it is not going anywhere, but while Russia has an insane dictator, China may as well recover its beautiful lands of Outer Manchuria.
> > >
> > > Xi masses troops on Russian border to take back Outer Manchuria. If you do not know the history, Russia stole Outer Manchuria and Vladivostok from China.
> > >
> > > While Putin is too busy with his personal war, Xi thinks time is ripe to get back what belongs to China in the first place. OUTER MANCHURIA and especially Vladivostok.
> > >
> > > Xi gives the Chinese people a Christmas gift--- Outer Manchuria-- the beloved Old China
> > > I am not positive we can take out GLONASS and BeiDou from ground based radio and microwaves and laser waves, even jamming.
> > >
> > > But I am certain that we can put a satellite in orbit that is a wrecking ramming satellite that does take out GLONASS and BeiDou. I am certain of this because several countries have robotic satellites that maintenance their fleet of satellites. And to this end, we need such a wrecking ball satellite immediately up there.
> > >
> > > [Note, graphics found in sci.physics when Nomen Nescio used to spam sci.physics with a fake FAQ.]
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > > ▂▄▅█████████▅▄▃▂
> > > > I███████████████████].
> > > > ◥⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙◤...
> > > Satellite RIFLE to shoot down GLONASS, Iran,and BeiDou satellites.
> > > Hooray
> > >
> > > Hooray!! End the Ukraine war
> > >
> > > Easiest way to end the Ukraine invasion by Russia, start felling GLONASS satellites, fell them directly with radar laser pulses or jam them to fall.
> > >
> > > Now I thought GLONASS Russian satellites numbered in the thousands, for the Internet is lousy on this question of how many satellites, for recently BBC was vague with a estimate of 600 satellites, yet another web site said 42,000. But apparently only 24 are operational for GLONASS. And my take on this is that satellites are precarious vessels and easily for something to go wrong and be inoperative. All the better to look for flaws in engineering to down all 24 GLONASS Russian satellites.
> > >
> > > So, easy easy Achilles tendon in all of the Russian ICBM military strategy, for knock out the 24 and you in a sense, knock out the entire Russian ICBM arsenal, for they no longer have any navigation.
> > >
> > > And if the West is on its top shape and form in technology, we want the West Scientists to figure out how to intercept the Russian ICBM and cause it to fall upon Russia and explode upon Russia.
> > >
> > > Get the best electronics and electrical engineers of the West to figure out how to cause all Russian launched and Chinese launched ICBMs to explode on home territory.
> > >
> > > Caveat: if the West can do it, mind you, the Chinese and Russians will want to steal those secrets from the West and that should never be allowed--Ultimate Top Secret classification that not even a punk weirdo president like Trump cannot see, nor mention to him for he would likely sell it for a golf course in some foreign enemy country.
> > >
> > > Google search reveals
> > > 24+
> > > GLONASS (Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, or Global Navigation Satellite System) is a global GNSS owned and operated by the Russian Federation. The fully operational system consists of 24+ satellites.Oct 19, 2021
> > >
> > > Other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) - GPS.govhttps://www.gps.gov › systems › gnss
> > > About featured snippets
> > > •
> > > Feedback
> > > People also ask
> > > How many satellites are in the GLONASS?
> > > As of 15 October 2022, 143 GLONASS navigation satellites have been launched, of which 131 reached the correct orbit and 24 are currently operational.
> > >
> > > List of GLONASS satellites - Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › List_of_GLONASS_sa...
> > > Search for: How many satellites are in the GLONASS?
> > > Archimedes Plutonium's profile photo
> > > Archimedes Plutonium
> > > Nov 5, 2022, 11:02:21 PM
> > > to Plutonium Atom Universe
> > > ███۞███████ ]▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▃
> > > Radio Wave--Laser Rifle felling BeiDou satellites
> > >
> > > From what I gather on internet, Russia has 24 satellites in operation while BeiDou China has 35.
> > > > ▂▄▅█████████▅▄▃▂
> > > > I███████████████████].
> > > > ◥⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙◤...
> > > Radio Wave-- LASER RIFLE to shoot down the premier BeiDou satellite.
> > > Ending the dumb and stupid petty dictators launching rockets from North Korea.
> > >
> > > It is respectfully request help from engineers in Japan to help fell the BeiDou satellites that navigate the illegal North Korea launches.
> > >
> > >
> > > --- quoting Wikipedia ---
> > > The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS; Chinese: 北斗卫星导航系统; pinyin: Běidǒu Wèixīng Dǎoháng Xìtǒng) is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations. The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System and also known as BeiDou-1, consisted of three satellites which, beginning in 2000, offered limited coverage and navigation services, mainly for users in China and neighboring regions. BeiDou-1 was decommissioned at the end of 2012. The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, became operational in China in December 2011 with a partial constellation of 10 satellites in orbit. Since December 2012, it has been offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region.
> > >
> > > In 2015, China launched the third generation BeiDou system (BeiDou-3) for global coverage. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched on 30 March 2015. On 27 December 2018, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System started providing global services. The 35th and the final satellite of BDS-3 was launched into orbit on 23 June 2020. It was said in 2016 that BeiDou-3 will reach millimeter-level accuracy (with post-processing). On 23 June 2020, the final BeiDou satellite was successfully launched, the launch of the 55th satellite in the Beidou family. The third iteration of the Beidou Navigation Satellite System provides full global coverage for timing and navigation, offering an alternative to Russia's GLONASS, the European Galileo positioning system, and the US's GPS.
> > >
> > > According to China Daily, in 2015, fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it was generating a turnover of $31.5 billion per annum for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd., and China North Industries Group Corp. The industry has grown an average of over 20% in value annually to reach $64 billion in 2020 according to Xinhua citing data.
> > >
> > > Domestic industry reports forecast the satellite navigation service market output value, directly generated and driven by the Beidou system, will be worth 1 trillion yuan ($156.22 billion) by 2025, and $467 billion by 2035.
> > >
> > > Archimedes Plutonium
> > > Nov 5, 2022, 11:20:20 PM
> > > to Plutonium Atom Universe
> > > ███۞███████ ]▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▃
> > > Radio Wave--Laser Rifle felling Iran satellites
> > > >
> > > > From what I gather on internet, Russia has 24 satellites in operation while BeiDou China has 35, that would indicate Iran has but a few satellites.
> > > > > ▂▄▅█████████▅▄▃▂
> > > > > I███████████████████].
> > > > > ◥⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙◤...
> > > > Radio Wave-- LASER RIFLE to shoot down the premier BeiDou satellite.
> > > > Ending the dumb and stupid petty dictator sending drones to Russia to down Ukraine power utility electric lines.
> > >
> > > How many of the Iran satellites are used in drones destroying Ukraine electric grid. We should immediately fell those satellites.
> > >
> > > --- quoting Wikipedia on Iran satellites ---
> > > On 22 April 2020, Iran successfully launched "Noor" (Farsi for "Light"), a military satellite, into a 426 x 444 km / 59.8° orbit.
> > >
> > > On 8 March 2022, Iran reportedly sent its second “Nour-2” military satellite into 500 km orbit.[55][56]
> > > The Khayyam, a high resolution imaging satellite, was successfully launched into orbit by a Russian Soyuz rocket on 9 August 2022
> > > Unlaunched satellites
> > > Nahid (1), satellite with folding solar panels.
> > > Toloo, is the first of a new generation of reconnaissance satellites being built by Iran Electronics Industries with SIGINT capabilities. It will be launched by a Simorgh.
> > > Nasir 1, Iran's indigenously designed satellite navigation system (SAT NAV) has been manufactured to find the precise locations of satellites moving in orbit.
> > >
> > > Zohreh, is a geosynchronous communication satellite which was originally proposed before the Revolution in the 1970s as part of a joint Indian-Iranian project of four Iranian satellites to be launched by the then upcoming NASA Space Shuttles. Iran had also negotiated with France to build and launch the satellites but the project never materialized. In 2005, Iran negotiated with Russia to build and launch the first Zohreh satellite under an agreement worth $132 million with the satellite launch date stipulated as 2007–2008. The new agreement had followed the earlier failed negotiations with Russia in 2003 when Russia cancelled the project under US pressures.
> > > Ekvator, a geosynchronous communications satellite built by ISS Reshetnev for Iran in a continuation of previous Russia-Iran space cooperation efforts. As of October 2022, Ekvator is expected to be launched on a Proton-M rocket in early 2024.
> > >
> > >
> > > Archimedes Plutonium
> > > Nov 5, 2022, 11:38:31 PM
> > > to Plutonium Atom Universe
> > > ███۞███████ ]▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▃
> > > Radio Wave--Laser Rifle felling North Korean satellites
> > > >
> > > > From what I gather on internet, Russia has 24 satellites in operation while BeiDou China has 35, that would indicate Iran has but a few satellites. And North Korea fewer yet.
> > >
> > >
> > > > > ▂▄▅█████████▅▄▃▂
> > > > > I███████████████████].
> > > > > ◥⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙▲⊙◤...
> > >
> > > Radio Wave-- LASER RIFLE to shoot down the 3 North Korean satellites.
> > >
> > >
> > > Ending the dumb and stupid petty dictator with his endless illegal missile launches. Launches that do nothing of good for anyone. Not even the idiot petty dictator.
> > >
> > > Internet search reveals 3 satellites for North Korea. I suspect though, that North Korea launches Chinese missiles and uses BeiDou satellites.
> > >
> > > Kwangmyongsong -4
> > >
> > > Kwangmyongsong -3
> > >
> > > Kwangmyongsong -2
> > >
> > > Knock all 3 satellites out with the radio-Laser Wave gun. And that will put an end to the petty dictators toys.
> > >
> > > Asking for help from Japan in assistance.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Pennino, I am sending Chris Thomasson to your aid, for we are running out of time on ruining GLONASS, and Chris needs the money since Elon Musk is sending their best to possibly ruin BeiDou.
> > >
> > > Archimedes Plutonium
> > > Nov 18, 2022, 1:22:42 AM
> > > to sci.math, sci.physics
> > >
> > > Just hold onto your seats Jim Pennino, something you learned as air force pilot, for I am sending Chris to your aid. The hours are approaching rapidly and we need GLONASS either in the dark or best of all-- misfiring their missiles from Russia and striking Russian and Chinese cities. We want Kim Jong-un to see a Russian missile intended for Ukraine to level Pyongyang, all by a hacking into the Intel chips of GLONASS.
> > >
> > > The mass exodus at Twitter is that they wanted GLONASS to hack, not BeiDou.
> > >
> > > Andy Grove on the Charlie Rose show often pointed out the flaws of the Intel chips installed in GLONASS, but unfortunately I was not interested in that messaging, and apt to eat cookies and sip hot tea while Andy was going over the specifications. Besides I had no satellite manuals in the house at that time.
> > >
> > > > On Thursday, November 17, 2022 at 11:35:47 PM UTC-6, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
> > > > > On 11/17/2022 12:44 AM, Archimedes Plutonium wrote:
> > > > > > A few mistakes in the zero part of the discussion-- zero is not the flip side of the coin with infinity. Zero is described as a appended number that really is different from the counting numbers-- as one guest said-- more of a concept than a number like the others.
> > > > > [...]
> > > > >
> > > > > The border of the Mandelbrot set has a finite fractal dimension of 2.
> > > > > Yet the border is infinity complex. There are infinite points inside of
> > > > > the set, and an infinity of points that are outside of the set. There is
> > > > > a border.
> > > > Hi, Chris, no I am not going to fire you like Elon Musk style.
> > > >
> > > > Instead, I want you to make a fractal of Intel chip that Jim Pennino and his pet psychiatrist Kibo Parry are working on. A fractal Intel chip that causes Russian missiles to land on Russian or Chinese territory, when fired.
> > >
> > > Nov 19, 2022, 3:11:46 AM
> > > to sci.physics
> > > Jim boy Pennino may accidentally save the entire world from nuclear war, caused by the insane Putin. Provided Jim can crack the code of Andy Grove's Intel chipset aboard GLONASS satellites.
> > >
> > > Jim, question, will you work on BeiDou next? We really need to send North Korea packing by ruining the 3 NK satellites along with all 36 BeiDou satellites.
> > >
> > > What is the secret to jamming those Intel chips? We can easily lock onto their communications signal. But can a laser scramble and thus fry the Intel chip processor, thus, a ruined satellite?
> > >
> > > And is this the reason Musk bought Twitter? He turns Twitter into a satellite toaster oven of enemies of NATO??
> > >
> > > No one cares what airhead 1 posted to airhead 2 on Twitter. But behind the scenes, Twitter just felled 4 GLONASS satellites and 5 BeiDou and 1 North Korean satellite. Hooray, Jim, time to break out the champagne.
> > >
> > > Skoal!!!
Archimedes Plutonium
NARRATOR: Cretaceous Alaska’s apex Arctic predator is the so-called “dwarf” tyrannosaur Nanuqsaurus. Over the last several years, researchers at the Museum of the North have collected and catalogued dozens of its bones from the Prince Creek Formation. Their new investigations on the North Slope shed light on the true size of this mysterious carnivore. In the imaging lab, researcher Zack Perry scans a vertebra by laser, then digitally enlarges it.
AP:: Nice and fine for animal fossils, but what is really needed to explain the climate is plant fossils of this time period. The south pole has boatloads and boatloads of plant fossils proving the South Pole was a hot climate-- tropical of cycads all over the place, and proving the Moon had not yet arrived to make the day spin in 24 hours instead of 365 days. Thus, 1/2 of Earth was directly facing the Sun permanently and the poles as hot as what the the equator is now, probably much more hot.
ZACK PERRY (University of Alaska Fairbanks): What we’ve noticed is that these are much larger bones than initially thought. These would not fit a dwarf tyrannosaur model.
NARRATOR: So, just how big is Nanuqsaurus? Zach examines a tooth, also recovered from the Prince Creek Formation.
ZACK PERRY: This is about a cm?? tooth. This is a massive tooth. It is more the size of an Albertosaurus or a Gorgosaurus tooth, which are definitely not dwarf Tyrannosaurs. From this, we can infer a similar size to those species, which are about meters?? long, maybe about a two-meter hip height, so, much, much larger than the initially-described-sized Nanuqsaurus.
NARRATOR: This is a Tyrannosaur to rival the biggest carnivores.
ZACK PERRY: Nanuqsaurus would have had a mouth full of these teeth. They’re very large and they have these serrations for tearing flesh off of its prey.
NARRATOR: With an estimated bite force of kg??, Nanuqsaurus is the top predator in the Arctic. To catch its food, it could use its serrated teeth to tear flesh off its prey, likely causing it to bleed to death.
For the dino hunters the new finds help illuminate this lost world and paint a picture of its wider ecosystem. To support such a big apex predator, the environment must have had more food, more flora and fauna than thought possible at such an extreme latitude.
PAT DRUCKENMILLER: Pretty much everything we found bones of in northern Alaska, we’re finding footprints of very similar-looking creatures, here.
GREGORY ERICKSON: We see things like duck-billed dinosaurs, horned dinosaurs, small and large meat-eating dinosaurs, and even things like birds.
PAT DRUCKENMILLER: This must have been a very productive landscape, home to a really interesting and diverse set of organisms that called Denali home 70-million years ago.
NARRATOR: The fossils recovered from the Prince Creek Formation, along with the Denali tracks, give us a compelling glimpse of a rich ecosystem and the incredible adaptability of these Arctic dinosaurs. Here, during the warmer months, the landscape is a spectacular sight, covered in hundreds of dino nests, with thousands of dinosaurs of different species feasting on an abundance of plants and animals, with extraordinary adaptations, to survive and thrive in this lost world of Alaskan dinosaurs.
AP:: A shame all scientists in college wanting a degree in science are not forced to take 2 years of formal Logic, so they can at least try to think straight, and think clearly.
STEVE BRUSATTE: Evolution is always operating to fine-tune organisms to their environment.
RILEY BLACK: The finds here are going to help us zero in on what made these animals so flexible. They weren’t really constrained by the temperatures on the planet to a particular zone or a particular range.
STEVE BRUSATTE: They lived in almost every conceivable environment on land. That was one of the keys to their success. So, these Alaskan dinosaurs are a prime example of life finding a way.
AP:: A shame colleges and universities have "lost their way" in graduating dolts of Logic. Too stupid to look for plants, too stupid to discuss plants on the South Pole at this same time period of Cretaceous. Too stupid to think outside the box-- the climate must have been hot in Alaska in Cretaceous. Thus, a solution is Astronomy--- The Moon had not yet arrived.
--- end quoting NOVA Alaskan Dinosaurs ---
AP kindly asks Google to let AP run all three, sci.math, sci.physics, PAU as he runs PAU, now--- all pure science, no spam and no govt b.s.
https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!forum/plutonium-atom-universe
Archimedes Plutonium
AP rewrites NOVA's Alaskan Dinosaurs, and begs colleges and universities across the globe graduate students with at least 2 years of formal logic under their belt.