On May 24, 1:50 pm, RichD <
r_delaney2...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> I have these little quiz problems, intended for Joe Sixpack,
> to delve their beliefs about basic science. I've posted some here.
>
> So, "drinking through a straw, how does that work?"
> "well, you suck in the liquid, duh!"
> "yeah, but what makes the liquid go up the straw?"
> "you suck it in, obviously!"
> "This sucking thing - is that like a pressure differential,
> outside air pressure pushes it?"
> "No, air pressure isn't enough, you have tio PULL it!"
>
> They don't get it. They sort of understand respiration -
> atmospheric pressure pushes air into your lungs - but
> that clearly doesn't explain the straw; water is too
> dense, air pressure can't push that!
>
> Similarly with a vacuum cleaner, the machine PULLS the air..
>
> It's an example of the First Law, the Law of Mind Boggle:
> if you can't imagine something, it can't be true.
>
> Try it on your friends and business associates -
>
> --
> Rich
folk psychology - The common-sense conceptual framework that we, as
human beings, employ to understand, predict, and explain the behavior
of other humans and higher animals.
``... the rough-hewn set of concepts, generalizations, and rules of
thumb we all standardly use in explaining and predicting human
behavior''
``[folk psychology] is a theory whose generalizations connect mental
states to other mental states, to perceptions and to actions''
P S Churchland (1986)
Folk psychology is the psychological theory implicit in our everyday
ascriptions of beliefs (e.g. "he thinks that Bush is wise"), desires
(e.g. "he wants that piece of cake"), fears (e.g. "she's afraid of
terrorists"), hopes (e.g. "she hopes that he's on time today") etc.
People have developed this very useful and oftentimes strikingly
successful tool for predicting the behavior of other humans as well as
that of some "higher" animals (e.g. "usually, when you think that your
actions have been inappropriate, you try to figure out some way of
dealing with the situation that doesn't exacerbate the problem" or
"usually, when the dog thinks that there's someone at the door, it
starts barking").
Folk theories, i.e. theories that are based on common, everyday
experiences, but not subjected to rigorous experimental techniques,
underlie many (likely, all) of our actions. For instance, a fairly
sophisticated folk physics (the theory of the behavior of middle-
sized, common objects, such as tables, chairs and bowling balls) is
essential to our everyday interactions with the surrounding
environment. (Just think of all the assumptions you make about the
clothing you're currently wearing, e.g. that's it's not going to melt,
that it stays at a certain temperature range in standard conditions,
that it won't protect you from missiles, etc.) Similarly, folk
psychology is the basis for (all?) our social actions and judgements
about the psychology of others. It encompasses all of the assumptions
we make about the correlations between people's behavior, mental
states, and surrounding conditions.
Folk physics has been, to a large extent, discredited and shown to be
thoroughly inadequate in providing robust explanations of various
physical phenomena. This, of course, raises the question of how folk
psychology would fare in this respect.
Philosophers of mind take various attitudes toward the possibility of
vindicating/extending folk psychology by allowing its theoretical
terms (e.g. 'belief' 'desire' etc.) to play a role in serious
scientific theorizing. Among the advocates of such a possibility,
Jerry Fodor is surely the most notorious. For a locus classicus of the
defense of this view see his 1987 book "Psychosemantics". The other
extreme is exemplified by eliminative materialists, such as Paul and
Patricia Churchland and Stephen Stich. Stich's book, "From Folk
Psychology to Cognitive Science: The Case Against Belief" has received
much attention in this regard.
http://www.fact-index.com/f/fo/folk_psychology.html
Folk Psychology as a Theory
Many philosophers and cognitive scientists claim that our everyday or
"folk" understanding of mental states constitutes a theory of mind.
That theory is widely called "folk psychology" (sometimes
"commonsense" psychology). The terms in which folk psychology is
couched are the familiar ones of "belief" and "desire", "hunger",
"pain" and so forth. According to many theorists, folk psychology
plays a central role in our capacity to predict and explain the
behavior of ourselves and others. However, the nature and status of
folk psychology remains controversial.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/folkpsych-theory/
Folk Psychology as Mental Simulation
The simulation (or, "mental simulation") theory maintains that human
beings are able to use the resources of their own minds to simulate
the psychological causes of the behavior of others, typically by
making decisions within a "pretend" context. The theory is usually,
though not always, taken to present a serious challenge to the
assumption that a theory underlies everyday human competence in
predicting and explaining behavior, including the capacity to ascribe
mental states to others. Unlike earlier controversies concerning the
role of empathetic understanding and historical reenactment in the
human sciences, the current debate between the simulation theory and
the "theory" theory appeals to empirical findings, particularly
experimental results concerning children's development of
psychological competence. These are detailed in what follows.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/folkpsych-simulation/